Periodic Table Design

The Man Behind the Table Dmitri Mendeleev

1. Russian Chemist2. Organized the 1st Periodic Table3. In the mid-1800’s4. Only 63 known elements at that time5. Predicted existence of several unknown elements6. Element 101 is named after him

Organizing the Table Mendeleev’s Organization:

1. He put each elements information on a card.A. Atomic mass, density, color, melting pointB. Valence electrons (outer-shell)

2. He saw a “periodic” pattern when arranged by atomic mass…

Mendeleev’s Table Mendeleev’s table was designed so

that the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.

He said, “the properties of the elements were periodic functions of their atomic masses.”

However, Mendeleev was sort-of wrong!

Today’s Periodic Table British scientist, Henry Moseley saw

errors in Mendeleev’s table in 1914. Moseley rearranged the table by

increasing atomic number (# of protons).

Moseley’s table is the table that we use today!

Review: Periodic Table GROUPS

The columns of the Periodic Table are called groups (or families) Elements in a group/family have similar

properties just like how your family members have similar traits!

Each group/family has a name (like your last name)

Review: Periodic Table GROUPS

The number of the group (in the ones place) indicates the number of valence electrons that atoms within that group have (or the number of the TALL column) Valence electrons are electrons located in the outermost

energy level that play a role in bonding and reactivity There are 18 groups on the Periodic Table• On p.11, number the GROUPS on your Periodic Table• Label them “Groups/Families” with an arrow showing which

direction they go.

Review: Periodic Table PERIODS

The rows of the Periodic Table are called periods

Elements in a period have different properties! The periods follow a periodic pattern

• Periodic: occurring at regular intervals

Review: Periodic Table PERIODS

The number of the period indicates the number of energy levels that atoms within that period have

There are 7 periods on the Periodic Table (Helpful fact: “Periods” has 7 letters) On p.11, number the periods on your Periodic Table Label them “Periods” with an arrow showing which

direction they go.

The Table

A Family or Group

A Period

Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Usually solid at room temperature

Exception: Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. On p.11, outline Mercury (Hg) in blue

Malleable and ductile Located to the left of the stair-step line. On

p.11 label the left half of the Periodic Table “Metals.” Exception: Hydrogen is not a metal, but is located

to the left of the stair-step line. Tend to give up electrons in chemical

reactions

The Metals

Group 1: Alkali MetalsA

lkali M

eta

ls

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

Alk

alin

e E

art

h M

eta

ls

Groups 3-12 : Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Lanthanide Series

Actinide Series

Alkali Metals Group 1 The most reactive of all metals (only

need to lose one electron) Have 1 electron in their outer energy

levels

Lithium reacting with

water

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Very reactive Have 2 electrons in their outer energy

levels

Magnesium reacting with

HCl

Calcium

Transition Metals/Elements Groups 3-12

• Inner Transition Metals• Lanthanide Series

• Atomic numbers 58-71• Named the lanthanide series because they follow

Lanthanum

 • Actinide Series

• Atomic numbers 90-103• Named actinide series because they follow

Actinium• All are radioactive and unstable

The Metalloids

Metalloids

8 elements located next to the stair-step line (not Aluminum!)

Have properties similar to metals and nonmetals On p.11 outline the metalloids in green.

Metalloids

ME

TA

L L

O I

D S

Other Metals

Other Metals

Nonmetals Poor conductors of heat and electricity Usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature

Exception: Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. On p.11, outline Bromine (Br) in blue

On p.11, outline all of the GASES in red. (H, He, N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

Located to the right of the stair-step line. On p.11 label the right half of the Periodic Table “Nonmetals.” Exception: Hydrogen is a nonmetal, but is located to the left

of the stair-step line. Tend to accept electrons in chemical reactions

with metals Tend to share electrons in chemical reactions with

other nonmetals

The Nonmetals

Group 17: Halogens

Halo

gen

s

Group 18: Noble Gases

Nob

le G

ases

Other Nonmetals

Other Nonmetals

Halogens Group 17 The most reactive of all nonmetals (only

need to gain one electron) Have 7 electrons in their outer energy

levels

Noble Gases Group 18 Stable (not reactive) because outermost

energy levels are full Have 8 electrons in their outer energy

levels

Other Nonmetals

Also referred to as the •Boron group•Carbon group•Nitrogen group•Oxygen group•On p. 11, make a key for your Periodic Table Liquids

Gases

Metalloids