Periodic Properties of Elements in the Periodic Table Chapter 38.
Periodic Properties
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Transcript of Periodic Properties
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Periodic Properties
SPS4b Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for the representative elements.
SPS4a Determine the trends of the following:• Number of valence electrons• Types of ions formed by representative
elements• Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids• Phases at room temperature
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Groups• The group number is the number assigned
to a vertical column on the periodic table. • Another name for group is a Family• There are 18 groups in the periodic table. • Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18 are representative
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Periods • 1. The period number is the number
assigned to a horizontal row on the periodic table.
• 2. The number of protons increase from left to right across a period.
• 3. This number is the atomic number.• The period number indicates how many
energy levels (rings) each atom has.
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METALS• shiny-luster• solids (except Hg)• malleable• ductile (stretch to wire)• conduct heat & electricity • most elements are metals
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NONMETALS• solids, liquids & gases• luster-dull• brittle• poor conductors• upper-right hand corner (& H)
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Metalliods• along stairstep line – between B & Al
(Al is not a metalloid!)• classified as nonmetals but conduct
heat and electricity under certain conditions
• some metal & nonmetal properties
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Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
(D- Block)
<---Transition Metals----------->
(F—block) <-----------------Inner transition------------------>
Halogens
Nobl e gases
Periodic Family Names
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Group 1 - Alkali Metals• soft, shiny• reacts violently with water• VERY reactive, one valence e- to
lose; • cation
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Alkali metals• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgy
ApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals
•2 valence e-; cation• reactive
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Transition Metals• Groups 3-12 • Ions change – changes
properties • NOT REPRESENTATIVE!
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Halogens• -Group 17• -1 ions, highly reactive •7 valence e-
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Noble Gases•Group 18•unreactive, 8 valence e-• exist as single atoms,
inert
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Phases of Elements• 1. Liquids: You must know: Hg and Br• 2. Gases: Don’t memorize, but you need
to know their general location. Gases are towards the right side of the periodic table.
• 3. Solids: All metals, except Hg - mercury
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Vocabulary to know
• Valence electron: electrons in the outermost energy level (ring)
• Cation: (+) charged ion• Anion: (-) charged ion
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Why ions form...•To get as close to an “octet” as
possible
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Octet Rule
•Atoms tend to share, gain or lose electrons to have a set of eight (8) electrons
in their outer shell.
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Metals• Most elements are
metals. • 88 elements to the left of
the stair step line are metals or metal like elements.
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Metals•Shiny, silvery, solids
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Mercury, Hg
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Ions are ….•Charged atom
or group of atoms
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Ions are formed….
•By loss or gain of electrons
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Positive ions•Cations
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Negative ions
•anions