Period IV: 1800-1848 Part 2: The Era of Good Feelings

Growth of the Economy

!   War of 1812 stimulated manufacturing

! Second Bank of the United States

!   Protective tariffs protected Northern textile industry from English competition – Boston Manufacturing Company ! Tariff of 1816

Transportation

!   Government funded roads – National Road, PA Turnpike !   Most road construction fell to

state governments and private institutions

!   Development of steamboat lines – Robert Fulton and the Clermont

!   Canals - Erie Canal completed in 1825

!   Railroads – competed with canals by the 1830s

Westward Expansion

!   Growing population – limited opportunities in the East

!   War of 1812 reduced Native resistance !   Military victories and treaties opened Native lands !   Constructed forts along Great Lakes and upper

Mississippi ! The Factor System

!   Improved transportation

!   Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818)

Cotton – Expansion of Slavery

!   Spread westward – the Black Belt

!   Growth of plantations – wealthy aristocratic class

!   Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819)

End of the First Party System

!   “The Virginia Dynasty” – Jefferson, Madison, Monroe !   Monroe chose diverse cabinet members

!   Federalist Party ceased to exist

John Quincy Adams and Florida

!   Secretary of State

!   Negotiated for annexation of Florida from Spain

! Seminole War – Andrew Jackson !   Invaded Florida and

captured Spanish forts

! Adams–Onis Treaty of 1819 gave U.S. all of Florida !   U.S. gave up claims to

Texas in return

Panic of 1819

!   Rising prices for farm goods caused land boom

!   National Bank tightened credit !   called in loans, foreclosed mortgages causing state bank

failures and financial panic

!   Blamed on the National Bank !   Existence became major political issue

Sectional Crisis !   Missouri

!   Applied for statehood in 1819 !   Controversy over free or slave

status – upset balance ! Tallmadge Amendment proposed

it would be admitted as a free state

! Missouri Compromise (1819) – Henry Clay !   Missouri admitted as a slave state !   Maine admitted as a free state !   Slavery prohibited north of

southern boundary of Missouri

John Marshall’s Continued Influence

!   Fletcher v. Peck (1810) !   first time Supreme Court

declared state law unconstitutional

!   McCullough vs. Maryland (1819) !   Confirmed “implied

powers” of Congress

!   Gibbons vs. Ogden (1821) !   Strengthened Congress’s

power to regulate interstate commerce

!   Established authority of federal government over state governments

The Monroe Doctrine

!   Series of Latin American revolutions against Spain

!   Monroe declared American continents off-limits to European colonization !   Became known as the Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Revival of Opposition

!   1820’s – new political divisions

!   Election of 1824 !   Andrew Jackson 99 !   John Quincy Adams 84 !   William H. Crawford 41 !   Henry Clay 37

!   “The Corrupt Bargain” - Clay supported Adams – enraged Jackson supporters !   Adams named Clay Secretary of State

New Parties

!   National Republicans – Adams

!   Democratic Republicans (Democrats) - Jackson