Ms. Gillette’s Study Guide To All Things AP EURO

Design of the Test

The AP Euro course covers European History from 1450 to the present. The course is designed to help students develop the abilities to think conceptually about history. Students must do historical reasoning and make comparisons among historical developments

in different times and places. The course is structured around themes and concepts in four chronologic time periods:

Period 1: 1450 to 1648 Period 2: 1648 to 1815 Period 3: 1815 to 1914 Period 4: 1914 to Present

AP European Exam Format:

Section 1, Part   A : 55 Multiple Choice questions in 55 minutes for 40% of exam score.

Section 1, Part B: 3 Short Answer questions in 40 minutes for 20% of exam score.

Question 1 (required): 1600–2001 Question 2 (required): 1600–2001 Students choose between Question 3, periods 1-2 or periods 3-4

BREAK

Section 2, Part A: 1 (DBQ) Document Based question in 60 minutes for 25% of exam score.

Section 2, Part B: 1 (LEQ) Long Essay question in 40 minutes for 15% of exam score. For this long essay question you are given two options, and must choose one to answer.

Option 1: period 1 Option 2: periods 2-3 Option 3: periods 3-4

Section 1: Part A – Multiple Choice

The multiple choice questions on the AP Exam suck. Seriously…they suck the life out of you….

Here’s how to get a handle on things.The Test is FOUR things:

A Content test Do you know the material?

A Comprehension test Can you interpret source material?

An Intuition Test Are you clever? Do you trust your gut?

A Preparedness Test Do you understand the test format?

The Multiple Choice section is made up of several ‘stimulus’ items (predominately text, but can also include charts, graphs, cartoons, photos) which are each followed by 3-4 questions. You’ll need to do THREE things:

1. Examine the document, then…….. (one question at a time)2. Read the Question3. Choose the best answer

WHEN EXAMINING THE DOCUMENT, CONSIDER1. The historical period, movement or individual being addressed2. The Speaker’s POV (Point of View) - ACORNPEG3. What is the document’s context? This is oftentimes MORE important

than content. A stimulus item is intended stimulated knowledge that is already in your brain….if it’s there.

Final Tips & Tricks1. DO THE QUESTIONS IN ORDER

Usually, the questions start with a more basic assessment and move on to more interpretive questions (like a warm up)

2. BE QUICK ABOUT ITBe 100% focused – this is a time crunch section.

3. 50/50 CHANCEYou won’t get it right every time, but you will a good bit of the time

4. DON’T SECOND GUESS

First, you don’t have time. Second, you should NEVER change an answer unless you are 100% sure your original answer was wrong. And why were you putting a wrong answer in the first place?!?!

Section 1: Part B – Short Answer Question (SAQ)

THREE QUESTIONS – 40 minutes (that’s about 13 min per question)

Section 2: Part A – Document Based Question (DBQ)

Section 2: Part B – Long Essay Question (LEQ)

Chronological Timeline of Concepts

Period 1: 1450-16481. The rediscovery of works from ancient Greece and Rome and observation of

the natural world changed many Europeans' view of their world.2. Religious pluralism  challenged the concept of a unified Europe.3. Europeans explored and settled overseas territories, encountering and

interacting with indigenous populations.4. European society  and the experiences of everyday life were increasingly

shaped by commercial and agricultural capitalism, notwithstanding the continued existence of medieval social and economic structures.

5. The struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political centralization.

Time Period and Key Topics

People/Places Vocab/Treaties/Books/Art

Unit 1 1450-1648Middle Ages

Renaissance

Protestant Reformation

Religious Wars

Exploration

Constitutionalism

English Civil War 1642-51

Italian/N. Europe

De Medici of FlorenceLeonardo da VinciMichelangeloRaphaelDonatelloPetrarchBaldassare CastiglioneMachiavelliJan Van EykGuttenberg

Hundred Years War Black Plague Humanism/Individualism Northern humanism

Mona Lisa, Virtuvian Man David, Sistine Chapel, Pieta School of Athens David (Bronze) Book of the City of Ladies Book of the Courtier The Prince The Arnolfini Portrait Printing Press 95 Theses

English

Spanish

French

Prussia

Explorers

Martin LutherErasmusJohn CalvinHenry VIII (Tudor)Sir Thomas MoreMary TudorElizabeth I (Tudor)James I (Stuart)Charles I (Stuart)Oliver CromwellCharles II (Stuart)James II (Stuart)William of Orange (Hanover)

Ferdinand and IsabellaCharles VPhilip II

Catherine de MediciHenry IV (of Navarre) [Bourbon]Louis XIII [Bourbon]Cardinal RichelieuCardinal Mazarin

Hapsburgs--Charles V, FerdinandPrince Henry the NavigatorCortezVasca de Gama

The Praise of Folly

Columbian Exchange Mercantilism War of the Roses (York vs Lancaster) Counter (Catholic) Reformation--

Jesuits Baroque--Bernini, Rubens, Bach Indulgences, Nepotism, Simony,

Pluralism, Absenteeism--Council of Trent, Index of Prohibited Books, Diet of Worms

Reformation groups: Calvinism, Anglicanism, Anabaptism, Huguenots

Dutch and British East India Companies

Thirty Years War (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French)

French Civil War (Guises vs Bourbons) –

Edict of Nantes Treaty of Westphalia

Public humiliation: Witchcraft Spanish Inquisition

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Period 1: 1450-1648 : THEMATIC APPROACHThe Renaissance, ca. 1450 Treaty of

Westphalia, 1648 POVERTY & PROSPERITY

How has capitalism developed as an economic system? & How had the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to capitalism? What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality? & How did individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality?

Before 1450 (Economic & Social) After 1648

STATES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF POWER What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time? In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against representatives and democratic principles and practices? How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had upon European states? How and why did changes in warfare affect diplomacy, the European state system, and the balance of power? How did the concept of a balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become institutionalized?

Before 1450 (Political) After1648

OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE AND SUBJECTIVE VISIONS What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical authority) played in the creation and transmission of knowledge?

How/why did Euros come to rely on the sci. method and reason in place of traditional authorities? & How/why did Euros come to value subjective interpretations of reality?

Before 1450 (Intellectual & Cultural) After 1648

INTERACTION OF EUROPE AND THE WORLD Why have Euros sought contact with other parts of the world? What poli, tech, & intellectual developments enabled Euro contact and interaction with other parts of the world? How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and society? & What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies?

Before 1450 (Global/Diplomatic) After 1648

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY What forms have family, class and social groups taken in European history, and how have they changed over time? How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course if European history? How and why has the status of specific groups changed over time?

Before 1450 (Social) After 1648

Period 2: 1648-18151. Different models of political sovereignty affected the relationship among

states and between states and individuals.2. The expansion of European commerce accelerated the growth of a worldwide

economic network.3. The spread of Scientific Revolution concepts and practices and the

Enlightenment's application of these concepts and practices to political, social, and ethical issues led to an increased but not unchallenged emphasis on reason in European culture.

4. The experiences of everyday life were shaped by demographic, environmental, medical, and technological changes.

Unit 2 1648-1815Absolutism

Age of Reason--Scientific Rev and Enlightenment

French Revolution

French

Prussian

Austrian/Hapsburg

English

Louis XIV (r1638-1715)Louis XVI & Marie AntoinetteNapoleonMaximilien RobespierreOlympe de GougesLouis XVIII

Frederick the Great (II)

Charles VIMaria TheresaJoseph II

George III (r1760-1820)

Peter the Great (r1682-

Building of Versailles Palace War of Spanish Succession

(101-1714)-Treaty of Utrecht War of Austrian Succession

(1740-48)--Treaty of Aix la Chapelle

French Revolution 1789-1799 – know the stages and key events

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen

Napoleonic Wars 1800-1814 Congress of Vienna (1815)--

Balance of Power, Conservatism, Concert of Europe

Building of St. Petersburg Peter the Great’s Reforms of

Boyars, Church, Military (Table of Ranks)

Enlightened Absolutism--Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great and Joseph II

Pugachev’s Rebellion Principia Leviathan (Hobbes) Two Treatise on Government

(Locke) Candide

Russian 1725)Catherine the Great (r1762-1796)

RembrandtJan VermeerJacques Louis DavidJane Austen

CopernicusGalileoNewton Descartes

HobbesLockeSmithQuesnayVoltaireRousseauMary Wollstonecraft

Social Contract Vindication of the Rights of

Woman SALONS

Glorious Revolution--English Bill of Rights 1688

Agricultural Revolution:  Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

James Hargreaves--Spinning Jenny

Bank of England; English Property Rights

Overseas Products:  Sugar, Tea, Silks, Tobacco, Coffee

Slavery Commercial Rivalries Urbanization, Child Labor,

Social Impacts of Industrialization

Romanticism:  Jacques Louis David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Touissant L’Ouverture--Haitian Revolt

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Period 2: 1648-1815Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 End of the Napoleonic Wars, 1815

POVERTY & PROSPERITY How has capitalism developed as an economic system? & How had the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to capitalism? What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality? & How did individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality?

Before 1648 (Economic & Social) After 1815

STATES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF POWER What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time? In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against representatives and democratic principles and practices? How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had upon European states? How and why did changes in warfare affect diplomacy, the European state system, and the balance of power? How did the concept of a balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become institutionalized?

Before 1648 (Political) After 1815

OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE AND SUBJECTIVE VISIONS What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical authority) played in the creation and transmission of knowledge? How/why did Euros come to rely on the sci. method and reason in place of traditional authorities? & How/why did Euros come to value subjective interpretations of reality?

Before 1648 (Intellectual & Cultural) After 1815

INTERACTION OF EUROPE AND THE WORLD Why have Euros sought contact with other parts of the world? What poli, tech, & intellectual developments enabled Euro contact and interaction with other parts of the world? How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and society? & What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies?

Before 1648 (Global/Diplomatic) After 1815

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY What forms have family, class and social groups taken in European history, and how have they changed over time? How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course if European history? How and why has the status of specific groups changed over time?

Before 1648 (Social) After 1815

Period 3: 1815-19141. The Industrial Revolution  spread from Great Britain to the continent, where

the state played a greater role in promoting industry.2. The experiences of everyday life were shaped by industrialization, depending

on the level of industrial development in a particular location.3. Political revolutions and the complications resulting from industrialization

triggered a range of ideological, governmental, and collective responses.4. European states struggled to maintain international stability in an age of

nationalism and revolutions. 5. A variety of motives and methods led to the intensification of European global

control and increased tensions among the Great Powers.6. European ideas and culture  expressed a tension between objectivity and

scientific realism on one hand, and subjectivity and individual expression on the other.

Unit 3 1815-1914Industrial Revolution

New Imperialism

Congress of Vienna

Prince Clemens von Metternich

Agricultural Revolution:  Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

James Hargreaves--Spinning Jenny Urbanization, Child Labor, Social

Impacts of Industrialization Romanticism:  Jacques Louis David’s

Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Inventors and Inventions: England Leads:  Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851

Govt support of canals, railroads, trade Impact of Industry :  new classes,

commercialization of agriculture, urbanization, bourgeois values--nuclear family, gender roles

Factory Act of 1833--Sadler Committee

New Imperialism--”The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”--England dominates India (its Crown Jewel)--Sepoy Rebellion

Berlin Conference--European Scramble for Africa

China--Opium Wars, European Spheres of Influence, Boxer Rebellion, “White Man’s Burden”

o Lit: Jules Verne and Joseph Conrad

o Charles Darwin--Herbert Spencer coins Social Darwinism

Revolutions of 1848

Italian Unification

German Unification

Romanticism

RealismImpressionism, Post-ImpressionismCubism

Mazzini, Cavour, King Victor Emmanuel II, Garibaldi, Napoleon III

Kaiser Wilhelm I, Otto von Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm II

Charles DarwinHerbert Spencer

Freud

Einstein

MANY artists and writers listed in next column

Irish Potato Famine, Russian Serfdom German Nationalists:  Grimm Brothers Pan-Slavism Anti-Semitism:  Dreyfus Affair* Russian Movement Bloody Sunday 1905 Blood and Iron

Bismarckian Alliance System

Karl Marx--Communist Manifesto 1848 Crimean War* Advanced Weaponry-Militarism

(machine gun!) Medicine Advances--Louis Pasteur’s

germ theory, anesthesia, quinine Art:  Van Gogh, Gaugin and Picasso’s

primitivismo Romanticism:   Caspar David

Friedrich, Turner, Delacroix (Lady Liberty Leading the People).

o Romantic Composers: Beethoven, Chopin, Wagner

o Romantic Writers:  William Wordsworh, Lord Byron, Percy and Mary Shelly, Victor Hugo (Les Miserables)

o Realism :  Charles Dickens, Leo Tolstoy

o Irrational:  Friedrich Nietzscheo Freud--dreamso Einstein--quantum mechanics-

undermined Newton’s physics--as well as Marie and Pierre Curie’s work

o Modern Art:  Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Cubism--idealized beauty and patriotism:

Monet, Cezanne, Maitsse, Degas, Picasso, Van Gogh

Access Review Guide Here: https://msgilletteblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/period-3-review.pptx

Period 3: 1815-1914The Congress of Vienna, 1815 Start of

World War I POVERTY & PROSPERITY

How has capitalism developed as an economic system? & How had the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to capitalism? What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality? & How did individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality?

Before 1815 (Economic & Social) After 1914

STATES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF POWER What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time? In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against representatives and democratic principles and practices? How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had upon European states? How and why did changes in warfare affect diplomacy, the European state system, and the balance of power? How did the concept of a balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become institutionalized?

Before 1815 (Political) After 1914

OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE AND SUBJECTIVE VISIONS What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical authority) played in the creation and transmission of knowledge? How/why did Euros come to rely on the sci. method and reason in place of traditional authorities? & How/why did Euros come to value subjective interpretations of reality?

Before 1815 (Intellectual & Cultural) After 1914

INTERACTION OF EUROPE AND THE WORLD Why have Euros sought contact with other parts of the world? What poli, tech, & intellectual developments enabled Euro contact and interaction with other parts of the world? How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and society? & What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies?

Before 1815 (Global/Diplomatic) After 1914

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY What forms have family, class and social groups taken in European history, and how have they changed over time? How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course if European history? How and why has the status of specific groups changed over time?

Before 1815 (Social) After 1914

Period 4: 1914-Present1. Total war and political instability   in the first half of the 20th century gave way

to a polarized state order during the Cold War and eventually to efforts at transnational union.

2. The stresses of economic collapse and total war engendered internal conflicts within European states and created conflicting conceptions of the relationship between the individual and the state, as demonstrated in the ideological battle between and among democracy, communism, and fascism.

3. During the 20th century, diverse intellectual and cultural movements questioned the existence of objective knowledge, the ability of reason to arrive at truth, and the role of religion in determining moral standards.

4. Demographic changes, economic growth, total war, disruptions of traditional social patterns, and competing definitions of freedom and justice altered the experiences of everyday life.

Unit 4-1914- PresentWWIMANIAC Causes

Russian Revolution 1917

20s-30s

WW2

Kaiser Wilhelm IIWoodrow WilsonGeorges ClemenceauVittorio OrlandoDavid Lloyd George

Vladimir LeninJoseph Stalin

Francisco FrancoBenito MussoliniAdolf HitlerJohn Maynard KeynesNeville ChamberlainWinston Churchill

Margaret Thatcher

MILITARISM--Industry creates killing machines:  machine gun, submarines, airplanes, siege guns, tanks, poison gas

Stalemate--trench warfare Treaty of Versailles vs. Wilson’s 14 Points--

new nations:  Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia

The League of Nations

Soviet Union--Lenin and Stalin--Bloody Sunday (1905), Bolsheviks, New Economic Policy, Five Year Plans and Collective Farms

THE GREAT DEPRESSION--debt, tariffs, overproduction, depreciated currencies, disrupted trade, speculation--1929 Stock Market Crash

Keynesianism in Britain--spend to stimulate!

Rise of Fascism--Spain, Germany, Italy--loads of details

Hyperinflation in Germany--Weimar Republic, Beer Hall Putsch, Mein Kampf

Munich Conference--APPEASEMENT

Women’s workforce involvement during the World Wars--second wave feminism after WW2; baby boom--government socialism--child care, subsidies for larger families like

Cold War

Fall of Communism

European Union

Modern European Issues

Mary Robinson

in France; the pill RISE of CONSUMERISM post WW2,

especially in Western Europe COLD WAR:  2 Europe’s, Iron Curtain,

Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, NATO, Warsaw Pact, United Nations, Iron Curtain: COMECON

Common Market--European Union--Maastricht Treaty--THE EURO

Immigration from former colonies--decolonization

Access Review Guide Here: https://msgilletteblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/period-4-review.pdf

Period 4: 1914-presentThe Start of World War I, 1914 present

POVERTY & PROSPERITY How has capitalism developed as an economic system? & How had the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to capitalism? What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality? & How did individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality?

Before 1914 (Economic & Social) After September 11, 2001

STATES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF POWER What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time? In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against representatives and democratic principles and practices? How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had upon European states? How and why did changes in warfare affect diplomacy, the European state system, and the balance of power? How did the concept of a balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become institutionalized?

Before 1914 (Political) After September 11, 2001

OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE AND SUBJECTIVE VISIONS What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical authority) played in the creation and transmission of knowledge? How/why did Euros come to rely on the sci. method and reason in place of traditional authorities? & How/why did Euros come to value subjective interpretations of reality?

Before 1914 (Intellectual & Cultural) After September 11, 2001

INTERACTION OF EUROPE AND THE WORLD Why have Euros sought contact with other parts of the world? What political, technical, & intellectual developments enabled Euro contact & interaction with other parts of the

world? How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and society? & What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies?

Before 1914 (Global/Diplomatic) After September 11, 2001

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY What forms have family, class and social groups taken in European history, and how have they changed over time? How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course if European history? How and why has the status of specific groups changed over time?

Before 1914 (Social) After September 11, 2001

A History of Women’s Rights

Helpful Graphic Organizers

19th Century Isms