Pericarditis Types & Morphology
Transcript of Pericarditis Types & Morphology
Pericarditis- types & morphology
Jawariya Zia Roll no. 56
Pericarditis
• Pericardial inflammation
Causes
• Infectious agents:VirusesPyogenic bacteriaTuberculosisFungiParasites
• Immune mediatedRheumatic feverSystemic lupus erythematosisSclerodermaDrug hypersensitivity reactionPostmyocardial infarction (Dressler)
syndrome
• OthersMyocardial infarctionUremiaAfter cardiac surgeryNeoplasiaTraumaRadiation
Types
• Acute• Chronic
Acute Pericarditis
SerousFibrinous & serofibrinousHemorrhagicPurulent/ suppurativeCaseous
Serous pericarditis
• Mild inflammation with sterile serous effusion
Causes • noninfectious inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatic fever, SLE, tumors, uremia • infections contagious to the pericardium
(upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia)
• Viral pericarditis accompanied with myocarditis in young children
Fibrinous & Serofibrinous
• Most frequent type• Serous fluid + fibrinous exudate• Causes: acute MI, Dressler syndrome, uremia,
rheumatic fever, SLE
Hemorrhagic pericarditis
• Exudate composed of blood mixed with fibrinous or suppurative effusion usually containing neoplastic cells
• Bacterial infections• Bleeding disorders• Cardiac surgery
Purulent/ Suppurative Pericarditis
• Invasion of pericardial space by microbes from• neighboring infections; e.g. empyema, lobar
pneumonia, mediastinal infections • seeding from the blood• Lymphatic extension• Direct introduction during cardiotomy
• Exudate may range from a thin cloudy fluid to frank pus upto 400-500mL in volume
Caseous pericarditis
• Rare • Tuberculosis• Fungal infections• Frequently causes chronic constrictive
pericarditis
Chronic Pericarditis
Adherent mediastinopericarditis Constrictive pericarditis
Adherent mediastinopericarditis
• Pericardial sac obliterated, adherence to mediastinal structures
• Great strain on the heart specially during systole
Constrictive pericarditis
• dense fibrous or fibrocalcific shell that limits cardiac function
• 0.5- 1.0 cm thick• Sometimes calcifies• Concretio cordis-extreme cases of hardening• Functions of the heart are restricted,limits
diastolic expansion & cannot respond to increased peripheral needs
au revoir :)