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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR USING
INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER
C.MohanaPriya
EEE, Paavai
Engineering College
Paavai Engineering
College, ICETM215
Namakkal, India
mohanapriyasweeti@
gmail.com
N.Prasidha Devi
EEE, Paavai
Engineering College
Paavai Engineering
College, ICETM215
Namakkal, India
prasidhandevi@gmail
.com
C.Suruthy
EEE, Paavai
Engineering College
Paavai Engineering
College, ICETM215
Namakkal, India
Suruthydharshini24@
gmail.com
D.Murugesan
Assistant Professor,
EEE, Paavai
Engineering College
Paavai Engineering
College, ICETM215
Namakkal, India
ABSTRACT
Nowadays BLDC machines electrically satisfying as
a core conformation Electrical engineering .This
paper deliver the analysis of dissimilar parameters
which are direct to run the Brushless Direct Current
(BLDC) motor at surpass speed. Various BLDC
motor parameters have been analyzed in modern
years due to growing demand precede to further
innovations. The active characteristics of BLDC
motor (speed and torque) and as well as current and
voltages are gently observed and analyzed by using
intelligent controller and MATLAB/SIMULINK. A
simple algorithm is used to calculate motor speed
incidentally by the software. Finally analysis has
been designed on the basis of characteristics of stator
currents, rotor speed and electromagnetic torque. The
modeling of intelligent controller and simulation of
BLDC motor is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
From these results, it yield the predictability of a new
system that increase the convenience to the require.
The study Pointouts the paucity that has to be better.
The preamble of a sophisticated coordination can
overcome this and will be talented to afford a finest
recital to our electrical engineering.
KEY WORDS: BLDC motor, Arduino DIP, H-
Bridge inverter, opto isolator.
I INTRODUCTION
Predictable DC motors have many properties such as
high efficiency and narrow torque-speed
characteristics. The control of DC motor is also
harmless and does not need much composite
hardware. However, the chief drawback of the dc
motor is the necessity of fixed maintenance. The
Brushes of the mechanical commutator eventually
wear out and need to be refund. The mechanical
commutator has other undesirable effects such as
sparks, acoustic noise and carbon particles coming
from the brushes. With sharp developments in power
electronics, power semiconductor technologies,
modern control theory for motors and manufacturing
technology for high performance magnetic materials,
the Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have been widely
used in many applications. BLDC Motor have many
benefit over conventional DC motors like: Long
operating life, High dynamic response, High
efficiency, Better Speed vs. Torque characteristic,
Noiseless operation ,Higher speed range and Higher
Torque-Weight ratio. Due to high power to weight
rate, high torque, excellent dynamic control for
changeable speed applications, withdrawal of brushes
and commutator make Brushless DC (BLDC) motor
[1], best option for high performance applications.
Due to the withdrawal of brushes and commutator
there is no Problem of mechanical wear of the
shifting parts [2], [3]. As well, better heat dissipation
property and capacity to work at high speeds [4-5]
make them top-sawyer to the conventional dc
machine. However, the BLDC motor constitutes a
more difficult problem than its brushed counterpart in
terms of modelling and control system design due to
its several-input nature and conjugated nonlinear
dynamics. Due to the simplicity in their control,
Permanent-magnet brushless dc motors are more
accepted and necessity in high-performance
applications. A BLDC Motor is a permanent magnet
synchronous motor that uses position detectors and
an inverter to control the armature currents. Its
armature is in the stator and the magnets are on the
rotor and its operating characteristic favor those of a
DC motor [1]. Instead of worn a mechanical
commutator as in the conventional DC Motor [2-3],
the BLDC motor engage electronic commutation
which makes it a virtually maintenance free. The
BLDC motor is driven by DC voltage but current
2
commutation is done by solid-state switches. The
commutation instants are resolved by the rotor
position and the position of the rotor is resolute either
by position sensors like Hall sensor, position encoder
and resolver etc [1].or by sensorless techniques.
There are two main types of BLDC Motors:
Trapezoidal type and Sinusoidal type. The
trapezoidal motor is a more pleasing alternative for
most applications due to its easiness,lower price and
higher efficiency. Here State-Space based trapezoidal
back emf motor has been taken for modelling and
simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK[11].
This paper elucidate introduction and principle of
operation of the BLDC motor is explained.
Mathematical modelling of three phase BLDC motor
is deliver and motor performance analysis of BLDC
motor such as speed/torque, input power, input
current, efficiency etc. This paper also includes the
characteristics which have been drawn between load
torque, current, back emf, speed etc. using MATLAB
package. Finally conclusion, future scope and
references are added at the end.
II ARDUNIO
The advance application in model based design is to
build the abstract representation (model) of
application in a modelling language and then obtain
the implementation in a prospectus phraseology
automatically using code generator. Model based
design is the procees that empower fast and cost-
effective development of dynamic systems, in
conjunction with control systems, signal processing
and communication systems. In model based design,
a system model is at the core of the development
process, from requirements growth through design,
implementation and testing. The simulation-based
approach propose a better understanding of design
alternatives and trade – off than traditional hardware
prototype based design methodologies, enabling to
optimize the design to proper predefined performance
criteria. Rather than using complex structure and
wide software code, designers can explain models
with advanced functional characteristics using
unbroken time and discrete time building block.
Existing C code can be integrated with standard
control libraries blocks to improve design efficiency.
The purpose of this paper is to implement control
strategies of BLDC motor through model based
designs.
Figure.2 Arduino communication BLDC motor
and computer
III BLOCK DIAGRAM
Ac supply is converted into Dc supply by using
Analog to Digital Converter(ADC)and then it is
given to the motor and arduino. The motor begins to
run and after the flux and speed of the motor is
sensed by using sensors.Then the sensed speed and
fiux is given to the Arduino.With the help of LCD
display the values of the charecterstics of the BLDC
motor is displayed.
Figure.1.Block diagram of BLDC motor using
intelligent controller
IV Mathematical Modelling:
BLDC motor which is design in this paper is a 3
phase 4 pole motor. A synchronous machine with
Permanent magnet rotor can also be study as BLDC
motor and the only difference is the rotor erection
due to which the dynamic characteristics of the
machine turn and the three phase voltage source is
fed to the motor. A sinusoidal square wave is not
necessarily used as source or the other wave shape
can also be used but it should not exceed the
maximum voltage limits. The design equations for
the armature winding are as attend
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑅𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑎/𝑑𝑡 (1)
𝑉𝑏 = 𝑅𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑏/𝑑𝑡 (2)
3
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑅𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑐/𝑑𝑡 (3)
Where
L-armature self-induction in [H]
R-armature resistance in [Ω]
Va, Vb, Vc –terminal phase voltage in [V]
ia, ib, ic-motor input current in [A]
ea, eb, ec-motor back-Emf in [V]
Back-Emf of each phase has a phase difference of
120 electrical degrees and back- Emf and rotor
condition are related
Via some performance. Equation of each phase for
back-Emf is as attend:-
𝑒a= (𝜃𝑒) 𝜔 (4)
𝑒b= (𝜃𝑒 − 2𝜋/3) (5)
𝑒c= (𝜃𝑒+2𝜋/3) (6)
Where
Kw - back-Emf constant of one phase [V/rads-1]
Θe- rotor angle in electrical degree
ω- Rotor speed [rad.S-1]
Rotor angel electrical [𝜃e] and Rotor angle
mechanical [𝜃m] are related as:-
𝜃𝑒 = 𝑃/2𝜃𝑚 (7)
Where
P is the no of poles on rotor
Thus the total electromagnetic torque Te in N-M can
be expressed as follows:-
𝑇e = (𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑎+𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑏+𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑐)/ 𝜔 (8)
The mechanical torque transferred to the motor
shaft:-
𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑙= 𝐽𝑑𝑤/𝑑𝑡+ 𝐵𝜔 (9)
Where
Tl = load torque [N-M]
J= inertia of the rotor shaft [Kgm2]
B = friction constant [Nms.rads-1]
V MATLAB/SIMULINK& MODEL
The capital design of the three phase BLDC motor
which is framed using Matlab/Simulink in conformity
with mathematical design proceed previously. This
Model consists of four sub wall named as BLDC
wall, Inverter wall, controller and subsystem 1 for
gate signal. The feedback of real speed is inclined to
the arduino DIP controller along with reference
speed. This controller regulate duty cycle of the
power electronics devices such as MOSFET, IGBT
etc.
Figure.3.Matlab simulation
VI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
BLDC MOTOR WITH
MATLAB/SIMULINK
Phase currents
The character of phase currents ia. ib and ic is
examine in this division. Phase currents are
sinusoidal in character and there is phase variation of
1200 between each other. Phase current waveforms
for three phase BLDC motor.
Figure.4.Phase current Waveform of BLDC motor
Speed/Time characteristics
Here appeal speed is taken as 3000 rpm, the motor
gain the appeal speed at t=0.14s and remains constant
afterwards. In this control require speed of the motor
is perform very smoothly and this gives fundamental
intention and instruction around the speed control of
the BLDC motor for several applications. This
feature is very essential constituent for designing
BLDC a motor drive system for speed control
applications.
4
Figure 5.Speed/Time characteristics with close
loop.
Torque/time characteristics
The torque characteristics of BLDC motor deliver a
very essential factor in sketch of the BLDC motor
drive system, so it is essential to foretell the exact
value of torque, which is determined by the
waveforms of back emf. Torque/time characteristics
of BLDC motor with no load, as the speed extent to
its steady state position at t=0.1s torque conquer and
remain permanent. The starting torque of the motor is
high at the time of starting of motor.
Figure 6.Torque/time characteristics
VII CONCLUSIONS
The present circumstances in electrical engineering
are in a diversified approach. Brushless dc motors is
more formal usage in high-production applications
since of their higher ability using low inertia
machines, higher torque in low-speed range, high
power density, low Maintenance and less rumor than
other motors. In this paper BLDC motor
mathematical model is improved. Finally the
achievement of BLDC motor is analysed by using
Matlab/Simulink and Modelling results are instant.
The parameters of BLDC motor instant a very
essential factor in sketch of the BLDC motor drive
system, so it is necessary to predict the exact values
of all the parameters, which is resolved by the
waveforms. In future IOT method can be implanted
istead of using MATLAB/SIMULINK for better
analysing the performance of BLDC motor.
Table.1. Comparison of BLDC motor
using various parameters
Analysis of parameters
Method Author Year Improvement
Simulati
on of
Three
Phase
BLDC
Motor
Using
Matlab /
Simulink
ShivrajSDud
he,Archana
G Thosar
2014 Motor
operation in
four quadrants
by using
Matlab and
sensor less
control
techniques
could also be
implemented.
Using
different
control
strategies on
real BLDC
motor by
Matlab.
Sensored
And
Sensorles
s Drive
Using
Dc/Dc
Converte
r
shardajaiswal
,
debjyotichow
dhury,
madhurima
chattopadhya
y
2014 The simulation
results
obtained in
this paper can
be used to
develop real
time circuitry
Microco
ntroller
G.SanthoshK
umar,
S.Arockia
Edwin
Xavier
2015 Hardware will
be
implemented
in dSPACE
and the speed
control will be
observed.
Dc-Dc
Boost
Converte
r For
Bldc
Motor
Driven
Hybrid
Vehicle
YathrasiSree
Harsha,.Raja
shekar,
K.SaikiranS.
K.Monisutha
n
2016 A proper
manufacturing
and cost
analysis can
make the
vehicle a
major break
through the
results.
Speed
Control
Dinesh
Kumar,
2017 Hardware will
be
5
Of
BLDC
Motor
Using
Arduino
Maroof Ali implemented
in this speed
control will be
obtained.
Design
And
Impleme
ntation
Of
Bridgeles
s-cuk
Converte
r For
Controlle
Motor
Shaik Fareed
Ahmed,
K.Iyswarya
Annapoorani
and S. Ravi
2016 Hardware will
be
implemented
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