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NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

COMPUTING STUDIES STANDARD GRADE Credit Level

Marking Guidelines

This paper must be withdrawn from candidates any follow-up discussion of marks/grades awarded. This is to ensure the ʻsight unseenʼ status of this paper is maintained for your centre and other schools/colleges during the diet of prelim examinations in 2007/2008. Submission of this test paper for Appeals purposes will assume that these conditions have been applied. © 2007 Perfect Papers – All rights reserved.


Standard Grade Computing Studies - General Level Marking Instructions KU - Knowledge and understanding PS - Problem solving

Commentary on paper

Structure of paper The layout of this paper is modelled on the format of previous General level papers produced by SQA. There are six questions in total. The sixth question is selected by the centre from either Commercial Data Processing or Automated Systems according to which topic has been taught in preparation for the estimate examination. The questions draw on the following areas: Question 1: General Purpose Packages and Computer Systems Question 2: General Purpose Packages and Communications and Networks Question 3: Computer Systems Question 4: General Purpose Packages and Communications and Networks Question 5: General Purpose Packages and Communications and Networks Question 6: Industrial Applications OR Question 6: Commercial Data Processing The paper is marked out of 36 for KU and 36 for PS. The following thresholds are suggested. Knowledge and

Understanding Problem Solving

Mark Grade Mark Grade ≥ 24 1 ≥ 24 1 ≥ 18 2 ≥ 18 2 < 18 7 < 18 7


No

Commentary

1 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages and Networks and Communications Type

Question

Marking Scheme

A spreadsheet is used to display a league table. Part of it is shown below. (See exam paper)

PS SPREADSHEET – simple formulae

(a) What would be the formula in cell E4?

= C1 * C4 - 1 mark (NOTE pupil must use “*” and not “x”)

PS SPREADSHEET – relative and absolute referencing

(b) The formula in cell E4 is replicated into cells E5 to E7. State whether each cell reference in the formula should be absolute or relative?

• C1 – absolute • C4 – relative 1 mark for each bullet (max 2 marks)

KU HCI – Customising HCI

(c) (i) Lois has to update the spreadsheet. She does not have good eyesight so she customises the HCI of the spreadsheet software to help her. What is meant by the term customise?

changes to suit the users requirements – 1 mark

PS HCI – Customising HCI

(ii) Describe two ways in which the HCI of the software could be customised so that it was easier for Lois to use.

• Change colour schemes • Change font/font sizes • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet (max 2 marks)

PS SOFTWARE INTEGRATION - static/dynamic data linkage

(d) When the spreadsheet is updated, a copy of the league table is automatically updated on a website. What type of linkage is being used? Give a reason for your answer.

• Dynamic linkage • As the website is updated automatically 1 mark for each bullet (max 2 marks)


No

Commentary

1 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages and Networks and Communications Type

Question

Marking Scheme

KU LOCAL AREA NETWORKS AND WIDE AREA NETWORKS – multi-access

(e) (i) The website is multi-access. What is meant by the term “multi-access”?

• Many users • Have access at the same time 1 mark for each bullet (max 2 marks)

PS KU LOCAL AREA NETWORKS AND WIDE AREA NETWORKS – multi-access

(ii) Why is it necessary for a website to be multi-access?

Many people could be trying to access a web page at the same time – 1 mark

KU INTERNET - mobile Internet technologies

(f) It is possible to view the website on your mobile phone. Name a wireless transmission medium used to allow mobile phones to access a network.

• Wifi • Bluetooth • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – 1 mark


No

Commentary

2 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages and Computer Systems Type

Question

Marking Scheme

BananaSoft is a company that produces custom made software. They send the letter below to all of its clients to let them know about its new website. Part of the letter is shown below. (See exam paper)

KU WORD PROCESSING – standard letter

(a) (i) This letter will be sent to all of their clients. Each letter will be the same for each client apart from the clients personal details. What is the name for this type of letter?

Standard Letter – 1 mark

KU WORD PROCESSING – standard letter and mail merge

(ii) Describe the steps required to create the personalised letters.

• Create standard letter leaving spaces for personal details

• Create datafile of personal details • Mail merge 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 3 marks

PS LOW LEVEL MACHINE - calculation of storage requirement of b/w bit-map

(b) The graphic at the top of the letter is a black and white picture, 2 inches high and 3 inches across. It has a resolution of 450 dots per inch. Calculate the storage requirements of the graphic, giving your answer using the most appropriate unit.

• No of pixels = 2 * 450 * 3 * 450 • = 1215000 bits • = 148Kb 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 3 marks

KU SYSTEMS SOFTWARE - portability of software

(c) (i) BananaSoft produce software that is portable and is written using high-level languages. State a characteristic of portable software.

It can be used on different TYPES of computer system – 1 mark


No

Commentary


Question

Marking Scheme

KU SYSTEMS SOFTWARE - common features of high level languages

(ii) Apart from being portable, state two characteristics of high level languages.

• Need for translation • Uses English words • Problem orientated 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS SYSTEMS SOFTWARE - types of translator compiler, interpreter

(iii) The programmers use both interpreters and compilers when writing the programs. Explain why both would be used.

• Interpreters used while writing code to highlight errors

• Compiler used when program works as only needs to be translated once, object code saved and program runs faster.

1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks


No

Commentary

3 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages, Computer Systems and Networks and Communications

Type

Question

Marking Scheme

KU OPERATING SYSTEMS - operating system provides a HCI for the user [file management, memory management, error reporting]

(a) Simon has just bought a new computer system with an up-to-date operating system. Describe two tasks the operating system carries out.

• File management – locating files on backing storage

• Error reporting – telling the user of any system problems

• Memory management – allocating memory space for programs and data

• Job Scheduling – ensure tasks are done in the correct order

• Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks (NOTE Naming tasks is not enough for a mark)

KU output devices (Computer Systems) - devices for multimedia; sound card

(b) Simon made sure his computer had a sound card. Explain why a sound card is necessary.

• Improves quality of sound output • Converts digital data into analogue sounds • Other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 1 mark

PS INTERNET - download software freeware, shareware

(c) (i) Simon requires word processing software but he cannot afford to buy software. His friend suggests downloading freeware or shareware software. Should Simon get shareware or freeware? Give a reason for your answer.

• Freeware • Software has no cost/complete software that

can be used for all time. 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks (accept shareware with a good reason)

KU INTERNET - search engine with complex search

(ii) Simon uses a search engine to help find him find what he is looking for. What is a search engine?

Part of website on the WWW designed to help locate information – 1 mark


No

Commentary


Type

Question

Marking Scheme

PS INTERNET - search engine with complex search

(iii) Describe how Simon should use the search engine to help him access the software he is looking for.

Enter the search “Word Processor” + freeware – 2 marks (deduct a mark for each error)

PS EXPERT SYSTEMS - Purpose of Expert Systems

(d) Simon finds a website that uses an expert system to help him find the right software for his needs. Describe how an expert system would help him.

• The expert system would ask Simon questions

• And suggest software depending on his answer

• Except any good description 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS IMPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY - control of access (eg passwords);

(e) (i) Before Simon can download the software he has to register with the site and give some personal information. Describe two methods that the website company could use to keep the personal information secure.

• Encryption – encoding the personal information so it cannot be understood

• Use of usernames and password so only authorised users have access

• Except any good description of any suitable method of security

1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks (NOTE Naming tasks is not enough for a mark)

KU IMPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY - Data Protection Act

(ii) State the name of the law that requires personal information to be kept secure.

The Data Protection Act – 1 mark


No

Commentary


KU IMPLICATIONS SECURITY AND PRIVACY - Data Protection Act

(iii) Describe two other requirements of the law.

• Data should be processed fairly and lawfully • Data should only be used for purposes

disclosed • Data should be adequate, relevant and not

excessive • Data should be accurate and up-to-date • Data should not be kept longer than

necessary • Data should be processed in accordance to

the rights of the data subject • Data should not be transferred to countries

without adequate data protection legislation 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks


No

Commentary


Question

Marking Scheme

Charlotte works as a trainer for a software company. She visits companies that purchase the software and delivers presentations on its use.

KU HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE (HCI) - template

(a)

The presentation software she uses allows her to use templates to make up the slides. What is a template?

• Ready made blank document • With placeholders for for text, graphics, etc 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

KU HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE (HCI) - Online help, online tutorial

(b) Charlotte encourages the people she trains to make use of online help and online tutorials What is the difference between online help and an online tutorial?

• On-line help has information about all features of software

• On-line tutorial has lessons on the basic features

1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

KU ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION - file transfer - attachments

(c) Charlotte also writes help sheets that she can e-mail to clients as attachments. What is an e-mail attachment?

A file/document/audio/etc sent with an e-mail – 1 mark

KU STORAGE - standard file formats (text, ASCII, RTF)

(d) (i) She saves the help sheet documents using standard file formats for text documents. Name two standard file formats.

• RTF • Text • ASCII 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks


No

Commentary

4 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages and Computer Systems PS STORAGE – advantages of standard file formats (text, ASCII, RTF)

(ii) Explain why Charlotte saves her help sheets using these file formats.

So the help sheets can be opened using different kinds of word processing software – 1 mark

PS SOFTWARE INTEGRATION - integrated package; links between tasks; common HCI

(e) Charlotte encourages the people she trains, who have very little experience with computers, to use integrated software. State two reasons why Charlotte thinks that integrated software is better for these people.

• Common HCI means users do not have to spend as much time learning the HCI’s of the different parts

• Ease of data transfer between parts • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS input devices (Computer Systems) - scanner; digital still camera; digital video camera; webcam; microphone

(f) Charlotte includes multimedia elements in her presentations. Describe two ways in which multimedia could enhance her presentation

• Audio – give a commentary to attract people’s attention

• Graphics easy to understand than just text • Video clips more interesting to watch • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks


No

Commentary

4 This question deals with content from General Purpose Packages and Computer Systems PS backing storage (Computer Systems)

(g) Suggest a suitable backing storage medium Charlotte could use to save her presentations to. Give a reason for your answer.

• USB Flash drive • CD-ROM/RW • DVD-ROM/RW • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 1 mark1 Reasons:

• Capacity to hold multimedia files • Portability • Any other suitable

Reason must work for backing storage media selected – 1 mark

KU LOW LEVEL MACHINE - processor structure: control unit; Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU); Registers

(h) Describe two parts of the CPU in Charlotte’s computer.

• Control Unit – Controls the running of programs

• ALU – performs calculations and logical operations

• Registers – temporary storage within the processor

1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks (NOTE Naming tasks is not enough for a mark)


No

Commentary


Question

Marking Scheme

KU DATABASE - computed field

(a) Julie is doing a project on the health of patients in a hospital. The information about the patients is stored in a database, part of which is shown below. (See exam paper) The Body Mass Index field is a computed field. State what is meant by the term “computed field”.

The field contains a formula using other fields in the record – 1 mark

PS DATABASE - search on more than one field

(b) Any person with a Body Mass Index of more than 25 is classed as being overweight. Describe how to use the database software to get a list of all of the overweight males.

• Complex search on Sex field = “Male” • AND “Body Mass Index” field > 25 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

KU HARDWARE - sequential and random/direct access devices

(c) Julie needs to make a back up of her database and is not sure whether to use a hard disk or magnetic tape. What is the difference between a hard disk and magnetic tape in terms of accessing files stored on them?

• Hard disk has direct/random access • Magnetic tape has sequential/serial access 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS GRAPHICS – scale and crop graphic

(d) Julie puts the results of her research on a web site. To brighten up on of the web pages she uses the graphic shown her. Unfortunately she finds that the graphic is too big but is not sure whether to crop the graphic or scale it. Should Julie crop or scale the graphic? Give a reason for your answer.

• Scale the graphic • Whole graphic will be resized – cropping

will lose part of it 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

KU WEB PAGE CREATION - hotspots

(e) (i) Julie uses hotspots on some of the web pages. What is a hotspot?

An area of a graphic that is a hyperlink – 1 mark


No

Commentary


Question

Marking Scheme

KU WEB PAGE CREATION – hotspots

(ii) How can a user tell where a hotspot appears on a web page?

• The pointer changes shape • The target URL appears at the bottom of the

screen • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 1 mark

KU LOW LEVEL MACHINE - processor structure: control unit; Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU); Registers

(f) Describe two parts of the CPU in Julie’s computer.

• Control Unit – Controls the running of programs

• ALU – performs calculations and logical operations

• Registers – temporary storage within the processor

1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks • (NOTE Naming tasks is not enough for a

mark)


No

Commentary

6 This question deals with content from Automated Systems Type

Question

Marking Scheme

(a) A bakery uses a robot arm to ice cakes

that are on a conveyor belt. The programs are stored on ROM chips.

KU HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE - ROM software

(i) State one advantage of storing programs on ROM compared with on backing storage devices.

• Programs load instantly • Programs cannot be accidentally/maliciously

modified • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 1 mark

KU HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE - ROM software

(ii) State one disadvantage of storing programs on ROM.

• Programs cannot be easily changed/updated • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 1 mark

PS NEED - adaptability

(b) The bakery wants to use the robot arm for other things, like placing the cakes into boxes. State two things the bakery will have to change to enable the robot arm to be used for this purpose.

• Change the program • Change the tool on the end of the arm • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS IMPLICATIONS SOCIAL TEHNICAL ECONOMIC – employment - changes in nature of job

(c) Describe two ways in which the work of the employees of the bakery has changed with the automation of certain jobs.

• They mat have lost their jobs • They may have been retrained • Any other suitable 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks

PS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE - embedded systems

(d) The ovens in the bakery have embedded systems built into them. What is an embedded system?

• A small computer • Built into another larger machine 1 mark for each bullet point – Max 2 marks


No

Commentary

6 This question deals with content from Commercial Data Processing Type

Question

Marking Scheme

KU DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT - smart cards

(a) Faithless Fashion is a chain of clothes shops. They encourage customers to get the shops own storecard which customers can then use buy items on credit. The storecard is a smartcard. What is a smartcard?

A card with its own processor –1 mark

KU DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT - optical character recognition (OCR)

(b) (i) To get a storecard the user has to fill out an application form. The form is then input into a computer system using OCR. What do the initials OCR stand for?

Optical Character Recognition – 1 mark

PS DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT - optical character recognition (OCR)

(ii) Describe one difficulty in using this method to input the personal data about a customer from a form.

• Difficulty in OCR recognising hand writing • Any other suitable 1 mark each bullet point - Max 1 mark

PS DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT - optical character recognition (OCR)

(iii) Describe a method of verifying data input in this way.

Description of double entry – 1 mark


No

Commentary

6 This question deals with content from Commercial Data Processing Type

Question

Marking Scheme

PS DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT - validation

(c) When a customer uses their smartcard they have to enter their PIN number. The PIN number is validated. State one method of validating of a PIN number and describe how it works.

• Check digit – The last number in the code is calculated using the other numbers and the answer is compared with the one entered

• Range check – the pin number has to be within an upper and lower limit

• Any other suitable 1 mark for stating method and one mark for correct description

KU IMPLICATIONS — SOCIAL — TECHNICAL — ECONOMIC — SECURITY AND PRIVACY - computer crime

(d) (i) Many customers are worried about the increase of computer crime when “hackers” access their personal details and use them to access money from their bank accounts. State the law that outlaws this.

Computer Misuse Act – 1 mark

KU IMPLICATIONS — SOCIAL — TECHNICAL — ECONOMIC — SECURITY AND PRIVACY - computer crime

(ii) What else does this law outlaw? • Computer viruses • Any other suitable 1 mark each bullet point - Max 1 mark


GPP’s F/G/C G/C C NEED storage, retrieval and

communication of large quantities of information

accurate, complete and up-to-date information

flow of information between and within organisations

STORAGE

need for backup

Advantages of standard file formats (text, ASCII, RTF) 4(d)(i) – KU 2 4(d)(ii) – PS 1

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE (HCI)

user friendliness; WIMP environment — Windows, Icons, Menu, Pointer; template; wizard 4(a) – KU 2

Online help, online tutorial; Graphical User Interface; toolbar 4(b) – KU 2

keyboard shortcuts; Customising HCI 1(c)(i) – KU 1 1(c)(ii) – PS 2

SOFTWARE INTEGRATION

integrated package; links between tasks; common HCI

ease of transfer of data 4(e) – PS 2

static/dynamic data linkage integration between separate packages in a software suite 1(d) – PS 2

SELECTION OF PACKAGES

main purpose of each package (eg word processing for production of text)

potential of packages to fulfill more than one function (eg drawing graphs using spreadsheets)

selection of most appropriate package or packages on the basis of hardware and software availability and the nature of the task

DATA TYPES

text; number; graphic

audio; photographic

animation; video

IMPLICATIONS — SOCIAL — SECURITY

AND PRIVACY

— ECONOMIC

job types and careers; retraining; mail shots right of access to personal data; need to check accuracy; precautions against data loss initial costs

effects on employment and working conditions; increased paper exceptions to right of access; control of access (eg passwords); unauthorised access to data (eg hacking) replacement costs; running costs 3(e)(i) – PS 2

Data Protection Act data subject, data controller, data user Computer Misuse Act; Copyright, Designs and Patents Act staff costs 3(e)(ii) – KU 1 3(e)(iii) – KU 2 4(d) (iii) – KU 2

COMMON FEATURES OF MOST GENERAL PURPOSE PACKAGES

run/open application; new; open/load file; package; save file; print file; insert/amend/delete; change text appearance; copy/move; header, footer

print part of file/document

WORD PROCESSING

enter text; word-wrap; alter text alignment; alter text style; alter page size and layout;

standard paragraph; search and replace; spelling check; grammar check;

standard letter and mail merge; create template; edit scanned text from OCR


set margins

tabulation; table; page breaks

2(a)(i) – KU 1 2(a)(ii) – KU 3

SPREADSHEET

rows/columns/cells; values; text; simple formulae (eg +-*/); function SUM(..); calculation — automatic and manual; alter column width; insert row; insert column; simple charting 1(a) – PS 1

complex formulae; functions AVERAGE(..), MINIMUM(..), MAXIMUM(..); replicate; alter cell format and attributes (eg number of decimal places); cell protection

formulae involving conditions (IF(..)); relative reference; absolute reference; fully labelled charting 1(b) – PS 2

DATABASE

create record; add record; edit record; create fields; search/query/find on one field; sort on one field; simple search for information on CD-ROM/ WWW(internet)

alter record format; field types (numeric, text, graphic, date, time); search on more than one field; sort on more than one field; complex search for information on CD-ROM/WWW(internet) 5(b) – PS 2

computed field; alter screen input format; alter output format; use of keywords 5(a) – KU 1

GRAPHICS

draw graphic; enter text; common tools

alter tool attributes (eg line width); scale graphic; rotate graphic

scan and edit graphic; crop graphic 5(d) – PS 2

DESK TOP PUBLISHING

use wizard or template; enter text; add clip art

import graphic; scale graphic

change layout; import text; text wrap around graphic

PRESENTATION AND MULTIMEDIA

use wizard or template; enter text; add graphic; linear linkage of slides or screens; assemble elements of presentation including text and graphics

add audio; add video; hyperlinks

capture audio; capture image

WEB PAGE CREATION

use wizard or template; enter text; add graphic

add audio; add video; hyperlinks

add table; add hotspots 5(e)(i) – KU 1 5(e)(ii) – KU 1

EXPERT SYSTEMS

Purpose of Expert Systems Applications of Expert Systems

Advantages of Expert Systems 3(d) – PS 2


COMMUNICATIONS and NETWORKS F/G/C G/C C ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION

electronic communication; electronic mail; text messaging

advantages and disadvantages of electronic mail; netiquette

file transfer — attachments 4(c)(i) – KU 1

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS AND WIDE AREA NETWORKS

sharing data and peripherals; local area network(LAN); wide area network(WAN) `

transmission media; LAN — cables, wireless WAN — telecommunications links security (passwords, encryption, physical)

multi-access; network interface card; client and server network; social, legal and ethical issues 1(e)(i) – KU 2 1(e)(ii) – PS 1

INTERNET information available,

services, browser; Internet ready computer; Modem

World Wide Web; web page, hyperlink; HTML; search engine with simple search; dial-up connection, broadband connection; online, offline

Internet Service Provider; search engine with complex search; download software — freeware, shareware, commercial; mobile Internet technologies; video conferencing 1(f) – KU 1 3(c)(i) - PS 2 3(c)(ii) – KU 1 3(c)(iii) – PS 2


INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS F/G/C G/C C NEED

speed; hazardous environment; repetitive tasks

efficiency; accuracy

adaptability 6(b) – PS 2

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

sensors; feedback; robots: — anatomy — motor — programmable — stationary/mobile — tools CAD/CAM

analogue I/O; interface guides — magnetic and light; high level instructions; simulation; virtual reality; real-time processing

A to D and D to A converters; control language; ROM software; embedded systems; intelligent robots 6(a)(i) – KU 1 6(a)(ii) – KU 1

IMPLICATIONS — SOCIAL — TECHNICAL — ECONOMIC

retraining

employment — changes in nature of job; — increased leisure time industrial automation; safety precautions high initial cost; long term savings; replacement costs 6(c) – PS 2

design of workplace; modern factory; need for systems analysis


COMMERCIAL DATA PROCESSING F/G/C G/C C NEED

volume of documents; speed of processing; speed of access; repetitive tasks

management information

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

data collection; data preparation, input, processing and storage; output

difference between data and information

DATA COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND INPUT

bar codes; mark sense cards; magnetic stripes

magnetic ink character recognition (MICR); check digit; types of check (eg length, range) 6(c) – PS 2

smart cards optical character recognition (OCR); validation; verification 6(a) – KU 1 6(b)(i) – KU 1 6(b)(ii) – PS 1 6(b)(iii) – PS 1

PROCESSING AND STORAGE

data, field, record, file; update; backup

interactive processing

sequential access; random/direct access; multi-user databases

OUTPUT

paper, screen

file

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

basic hardware: — mainframe computer system — terminals

IMPLICATIONS — SOCIAL — TECHNICAL — ECONOMIC — SECURITY AND PRIVACY

effects on business e-commerce; online banking; online shopping initial costs; mass market accuracy of information; privacy

job types and careers — programmer — systems analyst — engineer — network manager electronic funds transfer (EFT); point of sale (POS) running costs physical and software security; sale of customer lists 6(d)(ii) – KU 1

computer crime, fraud 6(d)(i) – KU 1

ADVANTAGES

comparison with manual system

maintaining contact with and information about a large number of customers

single entry multiple use


COMPUTER SYSTEMS

F/G/C G/C C SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

common features of high level languages; purpose of high level languages; need for translation 2(c)(ii) – KU 2

types of translator: — compiler — interpreter portability of software 2(c)(i) – KU 1 2(c)(iii) – PS 2

OPERATING SYSTEMS

operating system as a program; directory/folder

interactive system; real-time systems; types of file: data; program

operating system provides a HCI for the user [file management, memory management, error reporting] interactive systems with background job capability; device drivers; hierarchical filing system; sequential and random/direct access to data 3(a) – KU 2

LOW LEVEL MACHINE

stored program; bit, byte, kilobyte (Kb), megabyte (Mb), gigabyte (Gb), terabyte (Tb) main memory size; Input, Process, Output (IPO); processor; main memory

concept of machine code; representation of positive whole number, text, b/w bit-mapped graphics

calculation of storage requirement of b/w bit-map; processor structure: control unit; Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU); Registers Word; concept of addressability 2(b) – KU 3 5(f) – KU 2

HARDWARE

microprocessor; chip; main memory; ROM and RAM; backing storage; desktop, laptop/notebook, palmtop; current input devices; current output devices; current backing storage devices

storage location; capacity of backing storage; mainframe

sequential and random/direct access devices 5(c) – KU 2

input devices (Computer Systems)

mouse; trackball, trackpad; graphics tablet; touch sensitive screen; keyboard; joystick

scanner; digital still camera; digital video camera; webcam; microphone 4(f) – PS 2

specialised input devices for: — disabled users; — virtual reality; use of a variety of input devices for multimedia; sound card

output devices (Computer Systems)

printer: — laser; — inkjet; plotter; (VDU) monitor

comparison of printer in terms of: speed(ppm); capital costs; running costs; resolution(dpi); Liquid Crystal Display (LCD); Thin Film Transistor (TFT) loudspeakers

specialised output devices for: — disabled users; — virtual reality; use of variety of output devices for multimedia; sound card; graphics card 3(b) – KU 1

backing storage (Computer Systems)

magnetic tape; floppy disk; hard disk; CD-ROM; DVD-ROM

comparison of backing storage in terms of: speed (data transfer);

backing storage requirements for different applications


cost; capacity; CD-Recordable (CD-R) CD- Rewriteable (CD-RW) DVD-Recordable (DVD-R) DVD-Rewriteable (DVD-RW) USB Flash Drive 4(g) – PS 2

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