Perceptions of Alcohol -- Protestant Pastors and Laity -- Spring 2007.

Perceptions of AlcoholPerceptions of Alcohol-- Protestant Pastors and Laity ---- Protestant Pastors and Laity --

Spring 2007

2

Methodology – Pastor and Laity• Phone survey conducted April-May 2007

– 1,004 Protestant laity– 1,005 Protestant senior pastors

• Sample sizes for total laity and pastors provide 95% confidence that sampling error does not exceed +3.1%

• Breakouts of totals are provided for Southern Baptist (SBC) senior pastors (sample size 405-max. sampling error +4.9%) and SBC laity (sample size 205-max. sampling error +6.9%)

• Laity sample consists of adults (18 and over) who attend church at least 5 times a year and whose religious preference is Protestant

3

Methodology – SBC Seminary Graduates

All 1998-2004 Masters level seminary graduates from Golden Gate, New Orleans, Midwestern, Southeastern, Southwestern, and the Canadian Baptist Seminary were invited to answer related questions. A limited subset of Southern graduates were available for the study

4

Key Findings

Personally Drink Alcohol

• Fewer Protestant senior pastors and laity drink alcohol than American adults in general

• Protestant laity are much more likely to drink alcohol than Protestant senior pastors

• Southern Baptist pastors and laity are less likely to drink alcohol than other Protestant pastors and laity

5

Key Findings

Protestant Opinions About Alcohol• There is more agreement of opinion about

alcohol among Protestant senior pastors than among laity

• Southern Baptist pastors and laity are less likely to condone drinking alcohol than other Protestant pastors and laity

• There is little difference of opinion about alcohol among laity by age or gender despite a greater number of men and younger laity who drink

6

Key Findings

Protestant Opinions About Alcohol• More than 4 out of 5 pastors and laity agree

Scripture indicates people should never get drunk, but less than a third say it forbids drinking

• The majority of pastors and laity do not consider drinking alcohol a sin, but they do agree it could cause other believers to stumble or be confused

• About half of pastors and laity indicate Christians should not drink alcohol and that abstaining could attract non-believers to Jesus Christ

7

Use of AlcoholAmong

Protestant Pastors and Laity

8Do you personally drink alcohol?

Protestant laity are much more likely to drink alcohol than senior pastors but less likely than the average American

Personally Drink Alcohol

Yes, personally drink alcohol

22%

39%

0% 20% 40% 60%

According to a Gallup Poll conducted July 12-15, 2007, 64% of Americans age 18 and older say they drink alcoholic beverages, and 36% say they totally abstain.

Protestant Laity

Senior Pastors

9

Southern Baptist senior pastors are much less likely to drink alcohol than other Protestant pastors

Senior Pastors by Denomination

Senior Pastors

25%

22%

3%

0% 20% 40%

Non-Southern Baptists

Southern Baptists

All

Note: Difference between SBC vs. Non-SBC is statistically significant

Do you personally drink alcohol?

10

Older pastors are just as likely to drink alcohol as younger Protestant pastors

Senior Pastors by Age

Senior Pastors

23%

22%

20%

0% 20% 40%

Age 50 orOlder

Age 49 orLess

All

Note: Differences by Age are not statistically significant


11

Southern Baptist laity are less likely to drink alcohol than non-SBC laity

Protestant Laity by Denomination

Protestant Laity

42%

39%

29%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Non-SouthernBaptists

SouthernBaptists

All

Note: Difference between SBC vs. Non-SBC is statistically significant


12

Older laity are less likely to drink alcohol than younger laity

Protestant Laity by Age

Protestant Laity

34%

39%

50%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Age 50 orOlder

Age 49 orLess

All

Note: Differences by Age are statistically significant


13

Similar to trends among all Americans, Protestant men are more likely to drink alcohol than Protestant women

Protestant Laity by Gender

Protestant Laity

33%

39%

48%

0% 20% 40% 60%

Female

Male

All

Note: Differences by Gender are statistically significant


14

Perceptions of AlcoholAmong

Protestant Senior Pastors

15For each, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree

Almost all senior pastors agree Scripture forbids getting drunk, but few agree it indicates people should never drink alcohol

Senior pastor agreement with statements about Scripture's view of alcohol

15%

33%

91%

9%

32%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever drink alcohol

Scripture indicates that all beverages,including alcohol, can be consumed

without sin

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever get drunk

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Senior Pastors


More pastors who are Southern Baptist agree Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

90%

91%

6%

5%

98% 1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


SouthernBaptists

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never get drunk”

Note: Differences between SBC and Non-SBC are statistically significant


Older and younger pastors do not differ in their agreement that Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

91%

91%

91%

5%

5%

6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More pastors who do not drink agree Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

94%

91%

4%

5%

80% 11%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol

Personallydrink alcohol

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Senior Pastors by Behavior


Note: Differences between those who drink vs. do not drink are statistically significant


More pastors who are non-Southern Baptist agree Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcohol

35%

33%

33%

32%

20% 32%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Senior Pastors Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that all beverages, including alcohol can be consumed without sin”



More younger pastors agree Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcohol

30%

33%

32%

32%

36% 34%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less


Somewhat Agree





More pastors who drink agree Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcohol

26%

33%

34%

32%

58% 25%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol

Personally drinkalcohol


Somewhat Agree





More pastors who are Southern Baptist agree Scripture indicates people should never drink alcohol

13%

15%

8%

9%

27% 14%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never drink alcohol”



More older pastors agree Scripture indicates people should never drink alcohol

18%

15%

10%

9%

11% 9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More pastors who do not drink agree Scripture indicates people should never drink alcohol

19%

15%

11%

9%

0% 1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree




25

Most senior pastors agree Christians are at liberty to drink alcohol, but 90% agree social drinking can cause others to stumble

Senior pastor agreement with statements about Christians partaking of alcohol

29%

64%

39%

26%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

When a Christian partakes of alcohol inreasonable amounts, they are simply

exercising a biblical liberty

When a Chistian partakes of alcohol in asocial setting, it is a liberty that could

cause other believers to stumble or beconfused

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

For each, please indicate if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree

Senior Pastors


More pastors who are Southern Baptist agree social drinking can cause other believers to stumble

61%

64%

28%

26%

85% 12%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


SouthernBaptists

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in a social setting, it is a liberty that could cause other believers to stumble or be confused”



Older and younger pastors do not differ in their agreement that social drinking can cause other believers to stumble

64%

64%

26%

26%

65% 27%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More pastors who do not drink agree social drinking can cause other believers to stumble

74%

64%

20%

26%

25% 47%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol

Personallydrink alcohol

All SeniorPastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More pastors who are non-Southern Baptist agree reasonable consumption is a biblical liberty

32%

29%

40%

39%

15% 32%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Senior Pastors

Strongly AgreeSomewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in reasonable amounts, they are simply exercising a biblical liberty”



More younger pastors agree reasonable consumption is a biblical liberty

28%

29%

37%

39%

30% 43%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less


Somewhat Agree





More pastors who drink alcohol agree reasonable consumption is a biblical liberty

21%

29%

40%

39%

57% 35%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol



Somewhat Agree




32

Half of senior pastors agree Christians should not drink and that abstaining may attract non-believers to Jesus Christ

Senior pastor agreement with statements about Christians abstaining from alcohol

33%

23%

17%

27%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Christians should not use alcohol as abeverage

When a Christian does not drink alcohol,this makes non-believers who see this

more interested in Jesus Christ

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior Pastors


More pastors who are Southern Baptist agree not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus Christ

20%

23%

27%

27%

46% 29%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “When a Christian does not drink alcohol, this makes non-believers who see this more interested in Jesus Christ”

8% of pastors responded “Don’t Know”



Older and younger pastors do not differ in their agreement that not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus Christ

25%

23%

25%

27%

21% 31%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All Senior Pastors







More pastors who do not drink alcohol agree not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus Christ

29%

23%

32%

27%

1%

10%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree






More pastors who are Southern Baptist agree Christians should not drink alcohol

28%

33%

17%

17%

60% 17%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Senior pastor agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”



Older and younger pastors do not differ in their agreement that Christians should not drink alcohol

38%

33%

13%

17%

26% 22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More pastors who do not drink alcohol agree Christians should not drink alcohol

42%

33%

21%

17%

1%

3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All Senior Pastors

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree




39

Perceptions of AlcoholAmong

Protestant Laity


Most laity agree Scripture forbids getting drunk, but less than a third agree it indicates people should never drink alcohol

Protestant laity agreement with statements about Scripture's view of alcohol

17%

36%

69%

12%

24%

13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



without sin

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever get drunk

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Protestant Laity


SBC and Non-SBC laity agree Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

67%

69%

15%

13%

77% 8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


SouthernBaptists

All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never get drunk”


Note: Differences between SBC and Non-SBC are not statistically significant


Both male and female laity agree Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

71%

69%

13%

13%

65% 14%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Note: Differences between males vs. females are not statistically significant



Older and younger laity do not differ in their agreement that Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

69%

69%

13%

13%

70% 13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree





More Protestant laity who do not drink alcohol agree Scripture indicates people should never get drunk

74%

69%

11%

13%

61% 16%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity



Protestant Laity by Behavior



SBC and Non-SBC laity do not differ in their agreement that Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that all beverages, including alcohol can be consumed without sin”


36%

36%

25%

24%

35% 23%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All ProtestantLaity


7% of laity responded “Don’t Know”



Male and female laity do not differ in their agreement that Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that all beverages, including alcohol can be consumed without sin”


34%

36%

25%

24%

39% 24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity





More younger laity agree Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcohol

Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that all beverages, including alcohol can be consumed without sin”



34%

36%

24%

24%

41% 24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity




More laity who personally drink alcohol agree Scripture indicates it is not a sin to drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that all beverages, including alcohol can be consumed without sin”



29%

36%

22%

24%

46% 27%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity




Both SBC and Non-SBC laity have a low level of agreement that Scripture indicates people should never drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never drink alcohol”

16%

17%

12%

12%

21% 12%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All Protestant Laity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree




Both male and female laity have a low level of agreement that Scripture indicates people should never drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never drink alcohol”

18%

17%

12%

12%

16% 12%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male






Both older and younger laity have a low level of agreement that Scripture indicates people should never drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never drink alcohol”

18%

17%

11%

12%

16% 13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less






Although still a minority, more laity who do not drink agree Scripture indicates people should never drink alcoholProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “Scripture indicates that people should never drink alcohol”

25%

17%

14%

12%

5% 9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol






53

Half of laity agree Christians are at liberty to drink alcohol, but 63% agree social drinking can cause others to stumble

Protestant laity agreement with statements about Christians partaking of alcohol

29%

41%

25%

22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



When a Christian partakes of alcohol in asocial setting, it is a liberty that could

cause other believers to stumble or beconfused

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Protestant Laity


More laity who are Southern Baptist agree social drinking can cause other believers to stumbleProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in a social setting, it is a liberty that could cause other believers to stumble or be confused”


Note: Differences between SBC vs. Non-SBC are statistically significant

39%

41%

22%

22%

48% 22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All ProtestantLaity



Male and female laity do not differ in their agreement that social drinking can cause other believers to stumbleProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in a social setting, it is a liberty that could cause other believers to stumble or be confused”


44%

41%

21%

22%

37% 24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity




Older and younger laity do not differ in their agreement that social drinking can cause other believers to stumbleProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in a social setting, it is a liberty that could cause other believers to stumble or be confused”


41%

41%

22%

22%

41% 24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity




More laity who do not drink alcohol agree social drinking can cause other believers to stumbleProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in a social setting, it is a liberty that could cause other believers to stumble or be confused”


52%

41%

18%

22%

23% 29%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity




SBC and Non-SBC laity do not differ in their agreement that reasonable consumption is a biblical libertyProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in reasonable amounts, they are simply exercising a biblical liberty”


29%

29%

25%

25%

28% 25%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All ProtestantLaity





Male and female laity do not differ in their agreement that reasonable consumption is a biblical libertyProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in reasonable amounts, they are simply exercising a biblical liberty”


24%

29%

28%

25%

35% 22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity





Older and younger laity do not differ in their agreement that reasonable consumption is a biblical libertyProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in reasonable amounts, they are simply exercising a biblical liberty”


29%

29%

24%

25%

30% 27%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity





More laity who drink alcohol agree reasonable consumption is a biblical liberty

Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian partakes of alcohol in reasonable amounts, they are simply exercising a biblical liberty”


20%

29%

25%

25%

42% 26%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity




62

Almost half of laity agree Christians should not drink and that abstaining may attract non-believers to Jesus Christ

Protestant laity agreement with statements about Christians abstaining from alcohol

34%

30%

14%

17%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



more interested in Jesus Christ

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree


Protestant Laity


More laity who are Southern Baptist agree not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus ChristProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian does not drink alcohol, this makes non-believers who see this more interested in Jesus Christ”


27%

30%

17%

17%

41% 17%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All ProtestantLaity





Male and female laity do not differ in their agreement that not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus ChristProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian does not drink alcohol, this makes non-believers who see this more interested in Jesus Christ”


33%

30%

16%

17%

27% 18%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity





Older and younger laity do not differ in their agreement that not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus ChristProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian does not drink alcohol, this makes non-believers who see this more interested in Jesus Christ”


31%

30%

17%

17%

29% 16%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity





More laity who do not drink alcohol agree not drinking alcohol attracts non-believers to Jesus ChristProtestant laity agreement with the statement: “When a Christian does not drink alcohol, this makes non-believers who see this more interested in Jesus Christ”


42%

30%

18%

17%

13% 15%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity





More laity who are Southern Baptist agree Christians should not drink alcohol

Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”


32%

34%

13%

14%

44% 15%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


Southern Baptists

All ProtestantLaity




Male and female laity do not differ in their agreement that Christians should not drink alcohol Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”


37%

34%

13%

14%

31% 14%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Female

Male

All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree



Older and younger laity do not differ in their agreement that Christians should not drink alcohol Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”


35%

34%

14%

14%

31% 13%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Age 50 or Older

Age 49 or Less

All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree



More laity who do not drink alcohol agree Christians should not drink alcohol

Protestant laity agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”


49%

34%

15%

14%

12% 11%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Do not drinkalcohol


All ProtestantLaity

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree



More senior pastors than laity agree Scripture forbids getting drunk, but more laity agree people should never drink alcohol

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement about Scripture's view of alcohol

24%

65%

96%

29%

60%

82%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever drink alcohol*


without sin*

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever get drunk*

LaityPastors

Strongly Agree or Somewhat Agree

Differences Between Pastors and Laity

*Difference between senior pastors and laity is statistically significant


Fewer Southern Baptist laity than senior pastors agree Scripture forbids getting drunk

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement about Scripture's view of alcohol

41%

52%

100%

34%

58%

85%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



without sin

Scripture indicates that people shouldnever get drunk*

SBC LaitySBC Pastors


Differences SBC Pastors vs. Laity


73

More senior pastors than laity agree Christians are at liberty to drink alcohol and that it can cause others to stumble

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement about Christians partaking of alcohol

68%

90%

54%

63%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%


exercising a biblical liberty*


cause other believers to stumble or beconfused*

Laity

Pastors





74

Southern Baptist senior pastors are much more likely than laity to agree social drinking could cause others to stumble

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement about Christians partaking of alcohol

47%

98%

53%

71%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%




cause other believers to stumble or beconfused*

SBC Laity

SBC Pastors


Strongly Agree or Somewhat Agree*Difference between senior pastors and laity is statistically significant


75

Similar percentages of senior pastors and laity agree that Christians should not drink

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement with Christians abstaining from alcohol

50%

51%

48%

47%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



more interested in Jesus ChristLaity

Senior Pastors



Note: Difference between senior pastors and laity are not statistically significant

76

Southern Baptist senior pastors are much more likely than laity to agree that Christians should not drink

Differences between senior pastors and laity agreement with Christians abstaining from alcohol

77%

75%

59%

58%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Christians should not use alcohol as abeverage*


more interested in Jesus Christ*

SBC Laity

SBC Pastors




77

Fewer SBC seminary graduates “strongly agree” but a similar number who work in the SBC agree that Christians should not drink

46%

41%

60%

29%

28%

17%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

SBC seminary graduates employedin SBC

All SBC seminary graduates

SBC Senior Pastors



SBC Seminary Graduates

Note: Difference in agreement between senior pastors and All SBC seminary graduates is statistically significant

Southern Baptist agreement with the statement: “Christians should not use alcohol as a beverage”

Perceptions of Alcohol -- Protestant Pastors and Laity -- Spring 2007.

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