Perceptions in Communication

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Angshuman Bose


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Perception

Influences on perception

Stages of Perception

Factors leading to error in perception

How to avoid errors in perception.


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Th e process by w h ich we becomeaware of objects and events in t h eexternal world .

Th e process of making sense of th e world around us.


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Physiological Influence

i. Sensesii. Ageiii. Healt h

iv. Fatiguev. Hunger vi. Biological cycles


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Social Influences

Cultural DifferencesN

onverbal beh

aviors, odors, speech

, silence, spaceSocial RolesSex roles, gender roles, occupational roles

Self-ConceptSelf-esteem, locus of control, attribution (attac h ing

meaning to beh

avior)


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Selection

Organization

Interpretation

Retention and memory.


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L ife is a process of selecting information/dataWe are confronted wit h millions of pieces of stimulieac h day (1,500 advertisements alone)Factors Th at Influence Our Selection

A. Interest (College Basketball, Movies, Music)B. N eed (lectures, traffic lig h ts, buying 1 st car)C. Aest h etics (noise, movement, color)y Wh at advertisers, marketers, & designers do

D. Biology (sensation seeking, ADHD, circadian r h

yth

ms)


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T o eliminate t h e chaos of life and h elp makesense of t h e world, we simplify and reduce our information load.

We put our selected data in cognitivefolders

Also called: S chematas or Cognitive Framework


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N ext, we h ave to Evaluate t h e data in our foldersL arger files ( more complete and accurate )Smaller files ( simplistic and underdeveloped )

Our Comfort Zone:N ot Comfortable wit h N ew or Small FoldersTh inking out of t h e box Forces Us T o Make N ewFolders


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F actors That Influence Long-term MemoryA) Recency of Time

B)F

requency of Use

C) Importance

D) Emotional Connection

E) Weirdness/Uniqueness


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Impression of ot h ers-We generally tend to perceive a person by t h e first

impression we h ave of h im


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H alo EffectWe select t h e first dominant c h aracteristic of a

person

Ph

ysical appearanceweig h t, personalitywealt h , clot h ingregional accent, racelarge nose

glassesnice s h oes, etc .


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Selective P rocessing

Th e mind likes consistency, simplicity, & balance.

Any information t h at could disrupt the peace is seenas dangerous. Th e brain tries to restore balance:


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Recency Theory.

We tend to remember only t h e first and t h e last t h ings

of w h at we interact wit h .

Th is is t h e major cause w h y interviewers reject or accept candidate on t h eir first impression


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Self-Serving Bias(AKA Fundamental Attribution Error )

Wh en we do well , it is because of internal factors

Wh en we do poorly, it is because of external factors

Wh en ot h ers do well , it is because of external factors

Wh en ot h ers do bad , it is because of internal factors


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Analyze perceptions .1. Recognize your own role.2. Avoid early conclusions.

3. Avoid mind reading

Ch eck perceptions .1. Describe w h at you believe you see/ h ear.

2. Ask for confirmation


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Reduce uncertainty .1. Cultural uncertainty avoidance2. Observe, ask, interact

Increase cultural sensitivity.1. Observe customs

2. Avoid sterotyping


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Perceptions in Communication

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