Perception How do we define it?
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Transcript of Perception How do we define it?
Perception How do we define it?
How we recognize and interpret stimuli Top down processing
Remember, expectations and previous experiences play an influential
role Selective Attention Our senses can take in approximately
11,000 bits of information at a time BUT We can only focus on one
thing at a time Neissers Basketball Study
Inattentional Blindness Focusing on one stimulus prevents us from
noticing others The dancing gorilla (bear) Texting and driving! 2
readers, one listener. Cocktail Party Effect
Can listen to only one voice at a time Can notice gender Can detect
name Just how much do we notice?
Change blindness We fail to notice changes in our environment (when
we are focusing on something else) Pop Outs! Striking distinctions
grab our attention Perceptual Illusions Mislead us by playing on
the way we organize and interpret our sensations (challenges our
schema!) Reveal how we normally organize our sensations (thus clues
to mechanisms of perception) Visual Capture:Vision is our dominant
sense (effects how we perceive our other senses) McGurk Effect
(Youtube/edu) Perceptual Organization
Visual Agnosia See all parts of an image, but not the whole, (or
meaning) Gestalt (form) The whole is greater than the sum of its
parts
We tend to see, or group images as a whole, not as individual or
isolated parts A natural, or innate form of perception Gestalt:
(How we group objects)
Figure and ground (sometimes can be reversible) Gestalt Proximity
Gestalt Similarity Gestalt Continuity Gestalt Closure Depth
Perception Binocular Cues (interplay of two eyes)
Retinal Disparity: each eye sees object from slightly different
angle (brain computes difference in vision to judge depth)
Convergence:eyes move together as item gets closer (brain detects
convergence of eyes as measure of depth) The Finger Sausage! Depth
Perception Monocular Cues Relative Size Monocular Cues Linear
perspective Monocular Cues Texture gradient Monocular Cues
Interposition Monocular Cues Relative Height Monocular Cues
Relative Clarity Monocular Cues Relative Motion (The faster it
moves) Monocular Cues Light and Shadow Motion Perception Phi
Phenomenon Troxler Effect
With loss of sight- motion is usually first to be restored
Perceptual Constancy Perceiving an object as unchanging despite a
change in stimulus Key factors: Experience, Expectation (Rules of
perception) Size Constancy: As stimulus changes, we literally see
changing size, but we know size has not changed due to experience
and context of objects surroundings Size Constancy http://www.
eruptingmind Shape Constancy We know shape is constant even though
our angle and thus vision of object changes Lightness (Color)
Constancy
We see objects as having consistent color, even as changing
conditions alter the wavelength reflecting off the object.
Perceptual Set To believe it is to see it A mental
predisposition
Experiences give us a perceptual set, or assumptions that influence
how or what we see Context Effect The context in which a stimulus
appears affects how we perceive it eel is on the wagon. eel is on
the orange. Sensory Deprivation / Restored Vision
Adults with vision for first time (cataract surgery) Have Sense of
colors, detect figure from ground No depth perception, no
perceptual constancy (cortical cells not developed) *Much of
perception is learned during critical period in early development
Perceptual Adaptation
Our perception can adapt to change in stimuli, environment Inverted
goggles!! Perceptual Constancy pages 250-262
Shape constancy Size constancy Light constancy Sensory Deprivation
and Restored Vision
Perceptual Adaptation Perceptual Set Context Effects