Perception and Attention
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Transcript of Perception and Attention
Perception and Attention
Year 10 MYP Science
Perception
Perception is the way people interpret and organise information from the world around them.
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Perception
Perception is influenced by:the perceiver.the target.the situation.
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Factors Influencing PerceptionFactors in the Perceiver:
attention. expectations.experience.interest.attitudes.motives.
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Visual Perception
Hazard perception clip
http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/
If time http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot_feet_lin/index.html
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Factors Influencing Visual PerceptionFactors in the Target:
coloursize.background.proximity. motion. shape.
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Find the vertical T
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What’s Going On?
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ConjunctionFeature
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All Searches Are NOT Equal
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A Is More Difficult Than B
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Why Is This Important?
Watch the Dial Watch for Light
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Attention
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ATTENTIONYear 10 MYP Science
Attention Definition
Attention is the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things.
Related Concepts:AlertnessConcentrationSelectivity
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Divided Attention
Dual task experiments Get people to perform multiple
tasks and look at the effects on performance
Performance suffers, this shows limitations and nature of the human information-processing system
-the ability to divide our attentional processing between more than one task.
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Bottleneck Theories
All information gets into sensory register Somewhere along the way, information is
filtered or selected for attention Only selected information makes it into
awareness.
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Divided Attention
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Attention while driving
List all the things you may need to attend to while driving in a car.
Describe 3 things that may enhance your focus while driving
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Dual Task Performance Divided attention is difficult when:
Tasks are similarTasks are difficultWhen both tasks require conscious attention
Divided attention is easier when:Tasks are dissimilarTasks are simpleWhen at least one of the tasks does not
require conscious attentionTasks are practiced
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Capacity Theories
Tasks take mental effort
We have limited mental effort to allocate to all demands on our attention
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Different Processes
Some tasks are easier to perform than others and don’t seem to affect attentionEspecially tasks that are well practiced
Other tasks are tedious and require our conscious attention (white line fever)
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Cuing Attention
Give people a cue where a target will appear in the visual field
Manipulate the kind of cue Valid Cue Neutral Cue Invalid Cue
How does cue affect performance?
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Results
Invalid cues make it harder to attend to where you should be attending.
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Cues while driving
Turn signals Road markings Road signs Cars Instruments
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Nearly 80 percent of all crashes and 65 percent of all near-crashes involved driver inattention (due to distraction, fatigue, or just looking away) just prior to (i.e., within 3 seconds) the onset of the conflict.
Visual inattention was a contributing factor for 93 percent of rear-endstriking crashes.
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Factors that may decrease attention while driving
Distractions within the car: List 5
Distractions external to the car: List 5
Condition of the person driving: List 5 factors
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