PERCEPTION!

Our Essential Questions

How does perception influence our perspectives?

What is the Gestalt perspective?What are the various types of

perceptions we have?

Perception

The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

Sensation is the stimulation, perception is the interpretation

What do you think this mental integration, organization and interpretation is influenced by?

Perceptions influenced by: ----Motivation----Values----Expectations----Experience----Culture----Cognitive Style----Personality

Perceptual ConstancyWe perceive objects as

unchanging despite changes in retinal imagecolor/ brightnessshape size

The door changes shape, but you know that it doesn’t really change

Visual capture

tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

Gestalt Psychology“unified whole”Whole>sum of its partsIf we break experiences into their

basic parts, something important is lost

What do you see here?

What do you see here?

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phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr

the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and

you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm.Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not

raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas

tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt! 

Gsaeltt pysolgchoy epxanlis why taetlned eodtirs msis ebmarsasrnig tpyos. Our mnid prerefs "ctrorecing" waht we altclauy see.

• Dyslexia: inability to revisualize the gestalt of the word•Is this a problem with sensation or perception?

Can you remember?

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How’d you do?

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Groupingtendency to organize stimuli into

groupsAka “chunking”Patterns, shapes, forms

How many #s can we remember?

So how do we group?SimilarityProximityContinuityClosure

Grouping - Similarity

The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

Grouping - ProximityThe tendency to

place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

Grouping - Continuity

The tendency to follow a line and continue along the simplest, smoothest path

Grouping - Closure

The tendency to fill in gaps in a perceptual field

Perceptual Set

a bias or readiness to perceive certain aspects of available sensory data and to ignore others

Stereotypes?

Depth Perception

ability to see objects in 3Dallows us to judge distance

Let’s try it!Binocular vs. monocular…which one’s

better?With both eyes open, touch your index

fingers together in front of your face.Now close one eye and try.Try at different distances.

Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues

Module 10: Perception

Depth Perception – Binocular CuesRetinal disparity: differences

between 2 images of 1 scenemost effective when the item is

quite close to the person

Depth Perception – Binocular CuesConvergence: 2 eyes focusing

on the same object creates tensionThe more tension, the closer the

objectWorks best at close distances

Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues

Module 10: Perception

Depth Perception - Monocular CuesRelative size: Using the perceived

size of a familiar object to determine depth

The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

Depth Perception - Monocular CuesRelative motion: when moving, we

can determine depth by focusing on a distant object

Aka motion parallax http://psych.hanover.edu/krantz/motionparallax/motionparallax.html

Relative Motion

Depth Perception – Monocular CuesFigure-ground: tendency to organize

stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground)figure = object (s) that draws one’s

attentionground = background

What is the figure, and what is the background here?

Depth Perception – Monocular CuesInterposition/Overlap: closer object

blocks distant object

Depth Perception – Monocular CuesRelative clarity: distant objects are

less clear than nearby objectsTexture gradient: distant objects have

a smoother texture than nearby objects

Depth Perception – Monocular CuesRelative height: distant objects

appear higher in your field of vision than do closer objects

Linear perspective: parallel lines appear to converge in the distancehorizon

Let’s Wrap Up

Explain the following: “Everyday experience is not a literal transcript of the world, but an ongoing process of construction by the mind.”

How does perception influence our perspectives?

images that differ from objective reality

IllusionsStroboscopic motion: timed flashing

lights that gives the illusion of movement