Pepito.rabies

8/8/2019 Pepito.rabies

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RABIES

Also known as hydrophobia and

Lyssa.


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Rabies is a viral zoonotic

neuroinvasive disease that causesacute encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in mammals. It is most

commonly caused by a bite from aninfected animal, but occasionally by

other forms of contact. If leftuntreated in humans it is almost

invariably fatal. In some countries it isa significant killer of livestock.


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THE RE A RE TWO KINDS :

U rban or canine rabies:

- Transmitted by dogs.Sylvatic rabies:

- Disease of wild animals which

sometimes spread to dogs .


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M odes of transmission

1.U sually bites of a rabid animal whosesaliva has the virus.

2.The virus may also introduced into a

scratch or into a fresh breaks in theskin.3.Airborne in a cave with a million of

bats have occurred.4.Organ transplant (corneal) take of a

person dying diagnosed central nervoussystem disease have resulted in rabies .


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Incubation Period:

1. One week to seven and a half months in dogs.2. Ten days to fifteen years in human.

3. Incubation period depends upon the following factors:a. Distance of the bite to the brain

b. Extensiveness of the bitec. Specie of the animal

d. Richness of the nerve supply in the area of thee. Resistance of the host


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Period of communicability:

The patient is communicable from

three to five days before onset of symptoms until the entire course of

illness.


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Signs and Symptoms

Sense of apprehension

Headache

FeverSensory change near site of animal bite

Spasms of muscles

ParalysisDelirium and convulsions


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Diagnostic Procedures:

1. Virus isolation from the patient s saliva orthroat.

2. Fluorescent rabies anti-body (FRA) providesthe most definite diagnosis.

3. Presence of negri bodies in the dog s brain.


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M odalities of Treatment:

1. Thoroughly wash the wounds from the bite andscratches of dog with soap and running water for at

least three minutes.

2. Check the patient s immunization status. Givetetanus toxoid if needed.

3. Give tetanus antiserum infiltrated around thewound-or given intramuscularly after a negative skin

test.4. Give anti-rabies vaccine, both passive and active,

depending upon the site and extensiveness of the biteas well as the health condition of the biting animal.


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N ursing M anagement:

1. Isolate the patient.2. Give emotional and spiritual support.

3. Provide optimum comfort.4. Darken the room and provide a quiet environment.5. Patient should not be bathed and there should not

be any running water in the room or within thehearing distance of the patient.

6. If IV fluid has to be given it should be wrapped and

needle should be securely anchored in the vein toavoid dislodging in times of restlessness.7. Concurrent and terminal disinfection should be

carried out.


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Prevention and Control:

The eradication of rabies should be on global scale andshould include measures to prevent and control the

disease in animals and wildlife.

1. Vaccination of all dogs2. Enforcement of regulations for pickup and destruction

of stray dogs3. Confinement of any dog that has bitten a person for ten

to fourteen days

4. Availability of laboratory facilities for observation anddiagnosis

5. Providing public education, especially among children,in avoiding and reporting all animals that appear sick.

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