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People v. Ner G.R. No. L-25504, July 31, 1969

Bunao

 Doctrine: “!a!e"en!# "a$e %y a per#on &'(le a #!ar!l(n) o**urren*e (# !a+(n) pla*e or (""e$(a!ely pr(or or

#u%#euen! !'ere!o &(!' re#pe*! !o !'e *(r*u"#!an*e# !'ereo, "ay %e )(ven (n ev($en*e a# a par! o !'e R

G/.

 Parties:

Ro%er!o Ner *onv(*!e$ o "ur$er #en!en*e$ !o l(e ("pr(#on"en! &(!' a**e##ory penal!(e# an$ !o

(n$e"n(y !'e 'e(r# o $e Leon (n !'e a"oun! o P6,000 /78/ #u%#($(ary ("pr(#on"en! (n *a#e o

(n#olven*y

Jo#e $e Leon “Boy $e*ea#e$, #'o! !'rou)' an$ !'rou)' n(ne !("e# 5 pro$u*e$ ro" a .3; or .45 *al(%er

(rear" an$ 4 %y a .32 *al(%er (rear"

an(la Pol(*e ay 1, 1964, a! a%ou! 10:00 p."., Jo#e $e Leon &a# #'o! (n '(# apar!"en! an$ #u#!a(ne$ #everal &oun$#

(n $(eren! par!# o !'e %o$y.

/'e *orre#pon$(n) (nor"a!(on or "ur$er &a# (le$ a)a(n#! Ro%er!o Ner y Cel(*(ano, &'o alle)e$ly +(lle$

Jo#e $e Leon D*on#p(r(n) an$ *one$era!(n) &(!' !&o 2 o!'er#, &'o#e !rue na"e#, ($en!(!(e# an$

&'erea%ou!# are #!(ll un+no&nD, al!'ou)' !'e *o"pla(n! (le$ &(!' !'e o(*e o !'e =(!y C(#*al o >an(la

na"e$ @alen!(no @(llanueva an$ Jo#e Lopena a# !'e per#on# &'o 'a$ a##(#!e$ Ner (n !'e *o""(##(on o !'e

*r("e.

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!er $ue !r(al, un$er a plea o no! )u(l!y, !'e lo&er *our! *onv(*!e$ an$ #en!en*e$ Ner a# a%ove #!a!e$. 7e

"ove$ or a ne& !r(al, upon !'e )roun$ o ne&ly $(#*overe$ ev($en*e, %u! !'e "o!(on &a# $en(e$. 7en*e,

!'(# appeal.

 Ner $($ no! !a+e !'e &(!ne## #!an$. 7e no& "a(n!a(n# !'a! 7(# 7onor, !'e !r(al Ju$)e, 7on. Ce$er(*o l(+pala,

'a$ erred in giving credence to the witnesses for the prosecutionE (n taking into account the testimony of

 Patrolman Tiong, relative to the statements made to him by Angelina Viray, notwithstanding the fact thatshe had not been placed on the witness stand E (n $ra&(n) an unavora%le (neren*e ro" '(# appellan!F#

a(lure !o !e#!(y on '(# %e'alE (n no! 'ol$(n) !'a! !'e ev($en*e (# (n#u(*(en! !o e#!a%l(#' '(# )u(l!E an$ (n

$eny(n) '(# "o!(on or a ne& !r(al.

/'e *a#e '(n)e# on &'e!'er or no! Ner 'a# %een #u(*(en!ly ($en!((e$ a# !'e +(ller or one o !'e +(ller# o

Jo#e $e Leon.

Statements of the Witnesses:

Lt. de Leon

7e oun$ Boy on !'e loor, ly(n) on '(# r()'! #($e, %lee$(n) prou#ely, &(!' '(# ee! a! !'e $oor an$ !'e 'ea$

(n#($e !'e roo", &ear(n) no o!'er )ar"en! !'an a D#'or!D !run+.

/'e l(eu!enan! (nu(re$ a%ou! !'e ($en!(!y o '(# a##a(lan!, !o &'(*' Boy an#&ere$, (n a Dlo& vo(*eDE DBo%%yD

DP(ra!eD. /'e#e are !'e n(*+na"e# o Ner.

7e a#+e$ &'o Bo%%yP(ra!e &a# %u! Boy $($ no! an#&er.

Bolea

7e #a& Ner !'r(*e a**o"pan(e$ %y Jo#e Lopena an$ @alen!(no @(llanueva, (n !'e even(n) o >ay 1, 1964,

*ru(#(n) a%oar$ a re$-*olore$ Heep alon) na*le!o !., &'ere 'e &a#.

1#! !("e !'e Heep pa##e$ %y '(": Lopena )ree!e$ '(" a!er 'e 'a$ Hu#! %ou)'! *()are!!e#.

3r$ !("e !'e Heep pa##e$ %y: Bolea &a# #ea!e$ (n ron! o !'e 'ou#e o one l(n) #(an), a%ou! 15 "e!er#

a&ay ro" !'e %u(l$(n) (n &'(*' BoyF# apar!"en! &a#. Ner &a# %e'(n$ !'e D&'eelD, &(!' @(llanueva #ea!e$

 %e#($e '(", an$ Lopena (n !'e %a*+ #ea!.

Lopena al()'!e$ ro" !'e Heep an$ !al+e$ &(!' #o"eone #ea!e$ on a %en*'. Ner, ollo&e$ %y @(llanueva,

en!ere$ #a($ %u(l$(n). oon !'ere &a# a volley o #'o!# (n BoyF# apar!"en!, a!er &'(*' Ner e"er)e$

'urr(e$ly ro" !'e %u(l$(n), 'ol$(n) a (rear", &'(*' 'e !'re& (n!o !'e %a*+ o !'e Heep. 7e %le& (!# %orn

!&(*e, an$, $rove o alone.

/'en n)el(na @(ray, BoyF# *o""on-la& &(e ru#'e$ ou! o !'e apar!"en! #'ou!(n) #everal !("e# DB(nar(l #(Boy n( P(ra!eE %(nar(l #( Boy.

/'e l(eu!enan! *a"e runn(n) !o&ar$# !'e apar!"en!.

Rosales

a"e a# Bolea e?*ep! 'e a$$e$ !'a! !'e l(eu!enan! &en! up !'e %u(l$(n) an$ en!ere$ BoyF# apar!"en!.

Ro#ale# ollo&e$ !'e l(eu!enan! !o !'e !'(r$ loor o !'e %u(l$(n) an$ #a& !'e %o$y o Boy on !'e loor, (n a

 pool o %loo$.

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/'e l(eu!enan! 'el$ BoyF# 'ea$ an$ a#+e$ '(" &'o 'a$ #'o! '(". Boy opene$ '(# eye# an$, &(!' a !re"%l(n)

vo(*e, repl(e$: DP(ra!eD or DBo%%y P(ra!eD. /'e l(eu!enan! ur!'er (nu(re$: D'a! Bo%%yI 'a! P(ra!eID

Ro#ale# 'ear$ no an#&er.

7e &a#, al#o, one o !'o#e &'o %rou)'! Boy !o !'e Nor!' General 7o#p(!al, %u! Boy $(e$ %eore rea*'(n) !'e

#a"e.

Tiong

7e a#+e$ n)el(na @(ray &'a! 'a$ 'appene$ an$ #'e #a($ !'a! Boy l(ve$ &(!' 'er (n !'e apar!"en!, #'e %e(n)

'(# &(eE !'a! %e!&een 9:50 an$ 10:00 oF*lo*+ !'a! even(n), P(ra!e Bo%%y Ner 'a$ v(#(!e$ !'e"E !'a! Boy an$

 Ner !al+e$ (n !'e l(v(n) roo", a!er &'(*', Ner le!E !'a!, &'en Boy an$ n)el(na re!(re$ !o !'e(r %e$roo",

#o"e%o$y +no*+e$ a! !'e $oorE !'a! a# Boy opene$ !'e #a"e, !'ere &a# a 'a(l o )un#'o!#E !'a! ru#'(n) ou! o 

!'e %e$roo", #'e #a& Boy #pra&le$ on !'e loor, "or!ally &oun$e$E an$ !'a! '(# a##a(lan! &a# Bo%%y Ner

al(a# P(ra!e.

Raymundo

7e &a# &(!' '(# !r(*y*le, par+e$ %e#($e !'e 'ou#e o one >r#. )u(lar, a*ro## !'e #!ree! ro" BoyF#

apar!"en!.

/&o 2 "en *a"e (n an ar"y Heep an$ &en! up !'e apar!"en!.

oon, #everal #'o!# ran) ou! (n #u**e##(on, &'ereupon #a($ "en ru#'e$ ou! o !'e apar!"en!, %oar$e$ !'e

 Heep an$ #pe$ a&ay. None o !'e" &a# Ner, &'o" Ray"un$o +no. Ne(!'er $($ 'e #ee e(!'er !'e l(eu!enan!

or Leonar$o Bolea or Ro$olo Ro#ale#, a! !'e #*ene o !'e o**urren*e.

Pascual and Benito

Bolea an$ Ro#ale# &ere (n a pool-roo" a! R(al venue, ro" &'(*' !'ey pro*ee$e$ !o !'e #*ene o !'e

o**urren*e a!er %e(n) (nor"e$ !'a! !'e #a"e 'a$ !a+en pla*e.

Teodoro Villanuevan)el(na @(ray 'a$ never "en!(one$ !'e na"e o BoyF# a##a(lan! an$ !'a! !'e (r#! per#on &'o en!ere$ BoyF#

apar!"en!, a!er !'e o**urren*e, &a# one =orporal 7errera, no! L!. $e Leon, &'o $($ no! rea*' !'e apar!"en!

un!(l 12 "(nu!e# a!er !'e #'oo!(n).

 Issue:

N !'e !e#!("ony o Pa!rol"an /(on) *on*ern(n) '(# *onver#a!(on &(!' n)el(na @(ray #'oul$ %e

$(#re)ar$e$ a# 'ear#ay, or n)el(na $($ no! !a+e !'e &(!ne## #!an$. N8. /(on)F# !e#!("ony a%ou! !'e

#!a!e"en!# "a$e %y @(ray, %eore #'e *oul$ $el(%era!e$ on !'e even!# !'a! 'a$ !ran#p(re$ a e& "(nu!e#

 %eore, &a# properly a$"(!!e$ un$er e*. 36 o Rule 130 o !'e Rule# o =our!, pur#uan! !o &'(*'

“!a!e"en!# "a$e %y a per#on &'(le a #!ar!l(n) o**urren*e (# !a+(n) pla*e or (""e$(a!ely pr(or or #u%#euen!

!'ere!o &(!' re#pe*! !o !'e *(r*u"#!an*e# !'ereo, "ay %e )(ven (n ev($en*e a# a par! o !'e R G/.

 Ratio:

a($ *onver#a!(on !oo+ pla*e (n BoyF# apar!"en!, on >ay 1, 1964, %e!&een 10:09 an$ 10:30 p."., or

immediately after the occurrence, an$ reerre$ !o !'e *(r*u"#!an*e# #urroun$(n) !'e #a"e. ! !'a! !("e,

n)el(na 'a$ no!, a# ye!, ully re*overe$ ro" !'e ee*!# o !'e a##a##(na!(on o 'er *o""on-la& 'u#%an$,

 pra*!(*ally, ( no! a*!ually, %eore 'er o&n eye#. n a*!, #'e &a# no! only *ry(n)E #'e 'a$, al#o, %een

repea!e$ly #ay(n), al"o#! 'y#!er(*ally, !'a! Boy 'a$ %een #'o! %y DP(ra!eD.

n$ee$, (! 'a# %een 'el$:

... !'a! $e*lara!(on# &'(*' are !'e na!ural e"ana!(on# or ou!)ro&!'# o !'e a*! or o**urren*e (n l(!()a!(on,al!'ou)' no! pre*(#ely *on*urren! (n po(n! o !("e, ( !'ey &ere ye! volun!ar(ly an$ #pon!aneou#ly "a$e #o

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nearly *on!e"poraneou# a# !o %e (n !'e pre#en*e o !'e !ran#a*!(on &'(*' !'ey (llu#!ra!e an$ e?pla(n, an$

&ere "a$e un$er #u*' *(r*u"#!an*e# a# ne*e##ar(ly !o e?*lu$e !'e ($ea o $e#()n or $el(%era!(on, "u#!, upon

!'e *leare#! pr(n*(ple# o Hu#!(*e, %e a$"(##(%le a# par! o !'e a*! or !ran#a*!(on (!#el.

! (# !rue !'a!, (n #ay(n) !'a! Boy 'a$ %een #'o! %y P(ra!e, Angelina did not explain to Patrolman Tiong

whether or not she had seen the latter in the act of firing , al!'ou)' #'e #a($ #o (n an a($av(! "a$e %y 'er

(n !'e =(!y C(#*alF# o(*e. 7er #!ory !o Pa!rol"an /(on) (n$(*a!e$, however , !'a! she had seen appellant and  Boy talking in the living room of his apartment, shortly before the shooting, and that, accordingly, she

had personal knowledge of appellant's presence at the scene of the occurrence

/'e a*! !'a! n)el(naF# #!a!e"en! !o /(on) &a# par! o 'er narra!(on, pro"p!e$ %y '(# ue#!(on# a%ou! !'e

$e!a(l# o !'e o**urren*e, $oe# no! $e!ra*! ro" !'e #pon!ane(!y o 'er #!a!e"en!. ll !'a! (# reu(re$ or !'e

a$"(##(%(l(!y o a )(ven #!a!e"en! a# par! o !'e re# )e#!ae, (# !'a!:

1. (! %e "a$e un$er !'e (nluen*e o a #!ar!l(n) even! &(!ne##e$ %y !'e per#on &'o "a$e !'e $e*lara!(onE

2. %eore 'e 'a$ !("e !o !'(n+ an$ "a+e up a #!oryE

3. or !o *on*o*! or *on!r(ve a al#e'oo$E

4. or !o a%r(*a!e an a**oun!E

5. an$ &(!'ou! any un$ue (nluen*e (n o%!a(n(n) (!E

6. a#($e ro" reerr(n) !o !'e even! (n ue#!(on or (!# (""e$(a!e a!!en$(n) *(r*u"#!an*e#.

("(larly, !'e ollo&(n) #!a!e"en!# 'ave %een 'el$ !o %e par! o !'e re# )e#!ae:

1 !'e #!a!e"en! o a *'(l$ "a$e &(!'(n an 'our o an alle)e$ a##aul!E

. !'e !e#!("ony o a pol(*e o(*er a# !o &'a! a v(*!(" !ol$ '(" no! "ore !'an 30 "(nu!e# a!er !'e

*o""(##(on o an alle)e$ *r("eE

;. !'e #!a!e"en!# o $een$an!F# e"ployee# "a$e a%ou! 30 "(nu!e# a!er an a**($en!E

9.an$ !'e $e*lara!(on o a v(*!(" #o"e 5 !o 10 "(nu!e# a!er an (n*($en!.