People, Religion, History and Government EAST ASIA.
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Transcript of People, Religion, History and Government EAST ASIA.
People, Religion, History and Government
EAST ASIA
East Asia can trace many of its cultural features to an ancient civilization that arose in China thousands of years ago. In the centuries that followed, powerful dynasties ruled China, creating an enormous empire that influenced the entire region. Today, migration and trade have paved the way for an exchange of ideas and practices between East Asia and other parts of the world. Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea have become modern industrial nations.
INTRODUCTION
ANCIENT CHINESE TIMELINE
Emperor reforms
govt, improves efficiency
Life improves,
lower taxes, more
farming
Problems begin (wars,
invasions)
Taxes go up,
conscription, farming neglected
Increased spending, corruption
Droughts, floods, famines
Respect lost, rebels
attack landlords
Rebels united strong leader, attack
emperor
Emperor is defeated
A new dynasty comes to
power
Start
The Dynast
ic Cycle
Xia Dynasty-2205-1575 BC Chinese learned how to make Bronze
Zhou Dynasty-1045-256BC Confucius is born Cast Iron is invented along with Iron Plough Ruled for about 800 years Culture and trade spread Wrote down laws for the first time Made first coins Famers began to use a plow pulled by oxen
Qin Dynasty221-206BC First dynasty to Unite China under one Empire Greatest ruler Shi Huangdi He ordered and built much of the Great Wall of China
Han Dynasty-206BC-220AD Paper is invented Travel on silk road begins 200BC Buddhism introduced to China Arts and science flourished
DYNASTIES IN CHINA
Tang Dynasty-618-907 Wood block printing first used in China to print entire book Enjoyed unity stability and progress
Song Dynasty-960-1279 Moveable printing invented Gun powder Magnetic compass Marco Polo begins travels to China Enjoyed unity stability and progress
Ming Dynasty-1368-1644 Establish trade with India and Africa Construction of Forbidden City Beijing new capital Portuguese arrive
Qing Dynasty-1644-1912 Last dynasty of China before being overthrown by the Republic of
China
DYNASTIES IN CHINA
Chinese Dynasties and Their Achievements
Dynasties NotableRulers Achievements
Xia Dynasty 2100-1800 B.C.E.
Aryans • Migrated into the area and conquered the local peoples
• Developed superior weaponry and technology
Shang Dynasty 1500-1100 B.C.E.
Thirty separate kings
• Ruled from a succession of seven different capitals.
• Invention of writing
Zhou Dynasty1122-256 B.C.E.
Kings +Noblemen
• Expansion• Regional rulers
Qin Dynasty221-206 B.C.E.
Qin • Centralization of authority• Written laws• Building projects (Great Wall of China)
Han Dynasty HanWudi
• 400 year rule• Exploration (Zhang Qian)• Expansion of trade• Silk Road• Pax Sinica • Food reserves• Merit-based appointments
Built to keep invaders outThe wall linked many older walls in northern ChinaThe original Great Wall was started by the Qin
Dynasty following dynasties continued to work on it. Later the Ming Dynasty rebuilt the wall. Much of the
Great Wall that we know today was built by the Ming Dynasty.
The Great Wall of China is a wall that covers much of the northern border of China.
If you take the length of the entire wall, plus various branches, it is around 5,500 miles long!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB4nXADdPPY
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
A pathway used to exchange raw materials; trade and travel west
The silk road consisted of trails, roads, bridges, and pathways that stretched across nearly 5000 miles of land and water.
The silk road is not one long road, but rather many smaller roads and pathways that were connected, and worn by the use of thousands of travelers over a period of hundreds of years.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn3e37VWc0k
THE SILK ROAD
THE SILK ROAD
Occupation: Philosopher and teacherBorn: 551 BC in China, the state of LuDied: 479 BC in China, the state of LuBest known for: Creating the philosophy
known as ConfucianismBasic ideas of Confucianism:
Treat others kindly Have good manners and follow daily rituals A man should have good morals and ethics Family was important and ancestors were to be respected A true man had the qualities of integrity, righteousness,
altruism, goodness, and loyalty One should practice moderation in all things He believed in a strong and organized central government
CONFUCIUS “WHAT YOU DO NOT WANT DONE TO YOURSELF, DO
NOT DO TO OTHERS”.
Was the palace of the Chinese emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
It is located in the heart of Beijing, the capital city of China, and is the largest ancient palace in the world.
built under the orders of the powerful Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty between the years 1406 to 1420.
Twenty-four diff erent Chinese emperors lived in the palace over the course of nearly 500 years.
About 100,000 artisans and craftsmen worked on the palace.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QvsCr_xK3c
FORBIDDEN CITY
How do you think the Silk Road contributed to cultural diff usion?
What regions did the Silk Road connect?What physical barriers did traders traveling along the
Silk Road have to overcome?Why was the Great Wall of China built?What are some technological advancements invented
by the Chinese?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbYEwsIjxQo
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Much of its history China was ruled by dynasties A series of rulers from the same family line
Rulers of these dynasties were called Emperors In early times the lands were ruled by the feudal system
where lords owned the lands and peasant farmers worked the lands for them.
In later years, the empire was run by civil service offi cials who ran the cities, collected taxes, and enforced the laws. Men had to pass exams to become offi cials.
The great enemy of the Chinese was the Mongols who lived to the north. They even built a wall thousands of miles long to try and keep
the Mongols from invading. The Mongols did conquer China for a time, however, and
established their own dynasty called the Yuan Dynasty.
CHINA-HISTORY
FEUDAL SYSTEM
People 1.3 billion-World’s largest population Language: Majority speak Mandarin-one of the offi cial languages,
Although English is widely spoken Only 10% live in western China 92% ancestry of Hans Chinese Population continues to grow around 6 million people a year Offi cials have urged people to delay having Children and even have
tried to limit each couple to one child Economy
China used to have a Command Economy Economic system in which the government the government owns all
businesses and makes all the decisions In the 1970’s began allowing aspects of market economy China is currently a MIXED ECONOMY Today China has world’s second largest economy Hong Kong is home to some of the world’s tallest buildings The service industry in Hong Kong is growing
CHINACAPITAL: BEIJING
Religion Ancient religious values and beliefs shape life for the
people. Daoism
stresses living simply in harmony with nature Buddhism
came to China from India believe moral behavior, kindness and meditation can lead to
peace Many Chinese blend elements of Daoism and Buddhism
with Confucianism A philosophy based on the ideas and teachings of Confucius Stresses the importance of family, moral values, and respect for
one’s elders
Other major religions Christianity and Islam
CHINA
Chinese Philosophies/Religions
Philosophy/Religion
Founders Characteristics
Confucianism Confucius (Kongzi)
• Peace and order• Respect for elders• Ethical human relationships
Daoism Laozi • Reject material things• Commune with nature• Become one with Dao (force within all
things)
Buddhism Budda • Four Noble Truths• Eightfold path• Nirvana• Harmony with the universe
What East Asian cultural belief do you think is being reflected in the painting?
Government More economic freedom has not led to more political freedom Communist government tightly controls most aspects of life
Ex: Controls newspapers, internet access Led by Communist party offi cials China harshly punished people who oppose government
1989 more than 100,000 people gathered in Tiananmen Square in Beijing
Government tried to get protestors to leave When protestors refused they used tanks and troops to make
them leave Hundreds were killed and many injured and imprisoned
Chinese believe that their guiding principals ( Four Cardinal Principals) outweigh certain human rights
Government regulates society with censorship of free speech
CHINA
Environmental Problems Pollution Loss of forestland and farmland Plans on using more hydroelectric power generated by
dams Built Three Gorges Dam
Largest dam in the worldLocated on Yangtze RiverPositives
Generated as much power as 15 coal burning power plants.
NegativesThe water of the dams reservoir now covers hundreds of towns and huge amounts of farmlandsMillions of people have had to movePlant and animal habitats have been harmed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gze9QVt6EfQ
THREE GORGES DAM
Geography Smaller than California with four times the population
Economy One of the world’s strongest fishing economies Most of Japans food is imported Trade in Japanese electronics has led to the diffusion of
playing video gamesPeople
Densely populated country Most people live in crowded cities
Ex: In Tokyo they have started building underground Some people live in rural villages where they work on
farms However most of the land in Japan is not arable
Language-nearly everyone speaks Japanese
JAPANCAPITAL: TOKYO
JAPANESE TIMELINE
History Heavily infl uenced by China
Buddhism First central government based on China’s government Has experienced more cultural diffusion from western nations than
other countries in East Asia For many centuries Emperors ruled Japan At times emperors would become more concerned with art
and when power would fade SHOGUNS would take control 1898 a group of samurai overthrew shoguns and gave control
back to the emperor WWII began 1939
Allied with Germany and Italy Bombed Pearl Harbor In return the United dropped two atomic bombs Hiroshima and
Nagasaki Japan surrendered
JAPAN
Religion Most people blend elements of Buddhism and Shinto Buddhism brought to Japan from Korea Shinto is native to Island
Nature spirits called Kami live in the world Believe everything in nature-the sun, moon, trees, rocks
waterfall and animals has Kami Build shrines to Kami and perform ceremonies to ask for
their blessings
JAPAN
Traditions and Customs History lives on the traditions and customs Kimonos-traditional robes for special occasions Art
Two types of drama Noh
use music and dance to tell a story Actors do not move much and wear a mask using gestures to
convey tale Kabuki-
Actors are much more active Tell stories as well as teach lessons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67-bgSFJiKc
JAPAN
GovernmentSince the end of WWII has been headed by a
constitutional monarchy headed by an emperor Japan has a parliamentary system of government like
Britain and Canada. Unlike the Americans or the French, the Japanese do
not elect a president directly. Diet members elect a prime minister from among
themselves. The prime minister forms and leads the cabinet of
ministers of state.
JAPAN
How do you think the location of Japan aff ects the economy?
Why do you think only 10% of the population lives in western China?
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Korea was fi rst unified by the Silla kingdom in A.D. 676.
The Buddhist temples of Seokguram and Bulguksa were built in A.D. 751. These temples illustrate the growth of Buddhism in Korea after it spread there from India and China in the 4th century.
The Mongols invaded Korea in 1231, beginning more than 120 years of Mongol rule.
An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo- Japanese War.
Split into North and South Korea in 1945 after WWII ending Japans 35 year occupation of Korea
KOREAS-HISTORY
People Language: Korean
Religion traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian
Government Communist state one-man dictatorship Rule by ONE Chief of state: KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011) Suffer human rights abuse, poverty and widespread hunger Government regulates society with censorship of free speech
Economy Command Economy-Government plans the economy and decides what
to produce one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Large-scale military spending draws off resources needed for
investment and civilian consumption Relies more on agricultural economic activity more than the
other East Asian countries
NORTH KOREACAPITAL: PYONGYANG
People Language: Korean and English
Religion Christian 31.6% (Protestant 24%, Roman Catholic 7.6%),
Buddhist 24.2%, other or unknown 0.9%, none 43.3%Government
Republic divided into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative
Economy Over the past four decades has demonstrated incredible
economic growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy
Twelfth largest economy in the world South Korean has an economy that operates similar to Japan
SOUTH KOREACAPITAL:
People Language: Mandarin Chinese
Religion mixture of Buddhist and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Government Multiparty Democracy Taiwan's power is distributed among five large branches of
governmentEconomy
dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing government guidance of investment and foreign trade.
Industries: electronics, communications and information technology products,
petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals
TAIWANCAPITAL: TAIPEI
History There is evidence of human settlement in Taiwan dating as
far back as 30, 000–40, 000 years ago. Chinese began settling Taiwan in 600s Has been controlled by both Japan and China Taiwanese didn't like the idea of becoming a part of Japan,
and on May 25th 1895 – with the help of the Manchu offi cials -- the Taiwan Republic , the
first independent republic in Asia was established. May 29th 1895, a Japanese military force of over 12,000
soldiers landed in Northern Taiwan, and began to destroy the movement.
On October 21st 1895, Japanese troops entered Tainan, the southern capital of the Taiwan Republic, ending the Taiwan Republic.
The Chinese government claims that Taiwan is a rebel part of China
http://www.preceden.com/timelines/36327-the-history-of-taiwan-timeline
TAIWAN
History 700 years ago one of the greatest powers in the world Led by ruler Genghis Khan Mongols conquered much of Asia
including China Built the greatest empires during that time Reach height in late 1200s Empire stretched from Danube river in west to Pacific Ocean
in east 1600’s China conquered Mongolia and ruled it for 200 years With Russian help they gained Independence in 1911 1924 Communist gained control 1991 Collapse of Soviet Union they have struggled to build
a democratic and free-market economy
MONGOLIA
People Sparsely populated: 3million people Language: Khalkha Mongol 90% (offi cial), Turkic, Russian Half of the people live as nomads
Herding livestock across the vast grasslands
Religion Buddhist 53%, Muslim 3%, Christian 2.2%, Shamanist 2.9%,
other 0.4%, none 38.6%Government
Parlimentary Economy
extensive mineral deposits have transformed their economy Main industries
Textiles, carpets, copper, coal and oil
MONGOLIA
Which countries government is most like the Japan?What accounts for most of the cultural diff usion in
East Asia?
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING