People as the Conveyorof Knowledge

Leaning from Prof. Nonaka,Grandfather of Scrum

ESM, Inc., & Change Vision, Inc.Kenji Hiranabe

By Yasunobu Kawaguchi

RED CAP!

Kenji HIRANABE(1/2)

• (co-)Translator of …

OO, UML books Mind Map book

XP/ Agile books• (co-)Author of …

C++ book

Scrum book

Agile and Scrum:Collaborative Software

Development That Connects Customers, Engineers and

Management

Kenji HIRANABE(2/2)• CEO of Astah.net.• astah – UML editor

– With Mind Map, ERD, SysML– http://astah. net/– Runs on

• PC, Mac, Linux, iPad

5

Hello,!I’m from Japan.

Seven Samurai, 1954

Directed by Akira KurosawaStarring Toshiro Mifune, …

The Magnificent Seven, 1960Directed by John Eliot SturgesStarring Yul Brynner, Steve McQueen,…

http://noisepicnic.com/podcasts/double-bill/sevensamuraimagnificentseven

Start Wars, 1977

Directed by George LucasStarring Harrison Ford

http://screenaddict.wordpress.com/2010/02/22/the-hidden-fortress/

The Hidden Fortress, 1958

Directed by Akira KurosawaStarring Toshiro Mifune, …

Japan’s Influence toLean and Agile

Do you know where the word “Scrum” came from ?

Toyota Production System

LeanLean Software Development

Kanban

Lean Startup

AgileScrum

XP

The New New Product Development Game

Four steps to the epiphany

Agile and Lean

Startup

Patterns

Manufacturing Industry in Japan

2013 Yasunobu Kawaguchi

1

2

Nonaka’s Scrum

Quote from the firstScrum Book

• “Agile Software Development with Scrum” (by Ken Schwaber, Mike Beedle) starts with the following quote.

The "relay race" approach to product development ... may conflict with the goals of maximum speed and flexibility. Instead a holistic or "rugby" approach – where the team tries to go the distance as a unit, passing the ball back and forth – may better serve today's competitive requirements.

-- “The New New Product Development Game”

Copyright © 2005-2007 Kenji HIRANABE, Some rights

reserved

16

http://www.publickey1.jp/blog/11/10_innovation_sprint_2011.html

Innovation Sprint 2011

Jeff Sutherland Ikujiro Nonaka

me

Nonaka’s Text Agile/Scrum (Software)

1993 Org. Patterns(by Jim Coplien) (at PLoP)

2001 “Agile Software Development with Scrum” (by Ken Schwaber, Mike Beedle)

“The Knowledge Creating Company”(HBR) 1991

SECI-model

アメリカ海兵隊 (U.S. Marine) 1995

FractalOrganization

1994/1 First Sprint of Scrum by Jeff Sutherland

Scrum Master1994/2 Second Sprint of Scrum (with Cope’s Ideas)

Daily Scrum

“The New New Product Development Game” 1986

“Scrum”

2012 “Software in 30 days”

“Wise Leadership”(HBR) 2010

PhroneticLeadership

“Managing Flow” 2008

2001 “The Agile Manifesto”

2013 “アジャイル開発とスクラム -顧客・技術・経営をつなぐ協調的ソフトウェエア開発”

Collaborative Software Development That Connects Customers, Engineers, and Management

2011 Innovation Sprint

Prof. Ikujiro Nonaka

1

The New New Product Development Game(HBR)

ScrumStop therelay race, take up rugby

2The Knowledge Creating Company

SECI-modelSpiral transformation ofExplicit knowledge and Tacit knowledge

3 Managing Flow, The Wise Leadership(HBR)

PhronesisThe third knowledge type afterScience (explicit knowledge)And art (tact knowledge)

U.S. Marine

Fractal OrganizationSelf-similar structure at all levels

4

Where does “knowledge” come from ?

(SECI-Model)

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Two Types of Knowledge

Spiral up through Spiral up through dynamic interactiondynamic interaction

Analog-Digital SynthesisAnalog-Digital Synthesis

Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)

Theoretical approachProblem solvingManualsDatabase

Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)Cognitive Skills

beliefsimagesperspectivesmental models

Technical Skillscraftknow-how

Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge

http://www.flickr.com/photos/visitabudhabi/6708954439/

Tacit Knowledge

Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)

Explicit Knowledge

Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuartpilbrow/4264302708/

“Sticky” Information

Product developers need two types of information in order to succeed at their work: need and context-of-use information (generated by users) and generic solution information (often initially generated by manufacturers specializing in a particular type of solution) Bringing these two types of information together is not easy. Both need information and solution information are often very “sticky”—that is, costly to move from the site where the information was generated to other sites….

-- “Democratizing Innovation” (by Eric Von Hippel)

SECI Model

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

t

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

tSocialization Externalization

Internalization Combination

OG

E

I

Environment

Individual

I G

G

G

G

Org.

E

I

II

I

IGroup

IE O

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Organizational Knowledge CreationSECI Model

Sharing and creating tacit knowledge through direct experience

I = Individual, G = Group, O = Organization, E = Environment

Learning and acquiring new tacit knowledge in practice

1. Perceiving reality as it is2. Sensing and Empathizing with others and the environment3. Transferring of tacit knowledge

9. Embodying explicit knowledge through action and reflection10. Using simulation and experiments

Articulating tacit knowledge through dialogue and reflection4. Articulating tacit knowledge using symbolic language5. Translating tacit knowledge into a concept or prototypeSystemizing and applying explicit knowledge and information

6. Gathering and integrating explicit knowledge7. Breaking down the concept and finding relationships among the concepts8. Editing and systemizing explicit knowledge

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

t

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

t

Socialization Externalization

Internalization Combination

OG

E

I

Environment

Individual

I G

G

G

G

Org.

E

I

II

I

IGroup

IE O

A Story

Source: http://panasonic.co.jp/ism/bakery/vol01/index.htmlfor this part. Read “Knowledge Creating Company” the book

Ms. Ikuko TanakaCurrent Title: Senior Engineer at Living Environment Development CenterEver since she joined the company, she has involved in development of cooking software.

“I have been studying cooking science, and I feel a calling in this job, that is development of cooking appliance software.”

In 1984, 3 divisions “Rice-Cooker Division”, “Heating Appliances Division”, “Rotation Machine Division” were integrated into New “Cooking Appliances Division”.

Let me do it!

Matsushita Electric’s “Home Bakery”

First Internal AttemptFailed miserably. Crust was overcooked leaving the dough inside

raw.Bread is very sensitive. Proper cooking time changes 1 hour if

the temperature of the dough differs in 1°CCompared machine-kneaded dough and professional baker-

kneaded dough using X rays. → But no meaningful data

She proposed an idea…

Let me work with“him” as an apprentice!

At Osaka International HotelApprenticed to the head baker

“A software engineer kneads dough and bakes bread, exploring what is the best set of conditions, and the hardware engineer make a prototype that clears the conditions. With that prototype the software engineer make another try, and… this process repeats like playing catch obsessively.”

I had eaten 5,000 pieceof bread in those 3 years!

“I was always watching the master to steal the way he kneaded the dough and tried it myself. He not only slaps but also “twists and stretches” the dough. When I found it, I went straight to the hardware engineer and talked about it.”

This “Twisting Stretch” is implemented (or transformed to explicit knowledge) as this Special Rib.

“The rotated dough is trapped by this rib and this effect realized the master’s hand movements.”

Tacit knowledge made Explicit

SECI Model

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

t

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

tSocialization Externalization

Internalization Combination

OG

E

I

Environment

Individual

I G

G

G

G

Org.

E

I

II

I

IGroup

IE O

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Results536,000 units in its first year.

Exported to the United States, West Germany, and Hong Kong. Later to Sweden, Thailand, Australia, and New Zealand.

1,000,000 units sold by the timecompetitors released their version.

Users' voices to the engineers, fresh air to theCooking Appliances Division.

Inspired other divisionsthroughout Matsushita.

Relationship with

Design Thinking

Design Thinking

“Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success.” —Tim Brown, president and CEO

IDEO Method Cards

There’s also an App !

SECI Model and Agile Practices

Explicit

Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Explicit

Taci

tSocialization Externalization

Internalization Combination

Sprint Demo

Visit Users Coding StandardTaci

t

Sprint Planning

Story Writing

Everything aboutLearning…

Daily StandupSit Together

Pair Programming

Retrospectives

Conveyer of Knowledge

Scrum As Knowledge Creation Machine

EE

T

T T

EE

T

S EI CT

T

Created Knowledge

Knowledge aboutHow to create it

Knowledge aboutUser and Usage

Growing WorkingSoftware

Learning ScrumTeam

Copyright Nonaka I. 2009

Contemplation in Action:Indwelling in Actuality with Deep Thinking

“I can see many things when I see a machine. How can we maneuver through that curve? We should do this, we should do that.... Then I think about the next machine. We can make a faster machine if we think like this, and so on. It’s a natural progress into the next step.”- Soichiro Honda

Source: Honda Motor Corporation(Picture at the Automobile Hall of Fame, Detroit)

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Concept Building: Dialoguing on the SpotSoichiro Honda

Drawing on the floor

Words and actions

By articulating into language, we clearly understand what we are thinking

Source: Honda Motor CorporationAutomobile Hall of Fame (Detroit)

What’s the product owner ?The person(s) who had the first belief, should run through the whole processAs the conveyer of knowledge.

Prof. Ikujiro Nonaka

1

The New New Product Development Game(HBR)

ScrumStop the relay race, take up rugby

2The Knowledge Creating Company

SECI-modelSpiral transformation ofExplicit knowledge and Tacit knowledge

3 Managing Flow, The Wise Leadership(HBR)

PhronesisThe third knowledge type afterScience (explicit knowledge)And art (tact knowledge)

U.S. Marine

Fractal OrganizationSelf-similar structure at all levels

4

One More Thing …

51

Do a Retreat!

FEEL…Before you THINK

出所： Page, T. & J. Pimlott, eds., NAM(1988) P.10