Pentair Engineered Electrical & Fastening Solutions · Note 2: ACI 318-11 Appendix D, Section...

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

LENTON® TERMINATOR

Headed Bar / End Anchor

Pentair Engineered Electrical & Fastening

Solutions

Manuel Conde & Kyle Irish Victor Chiari & Enio Calcavara

September 22nd, 2015 – Sao Paulo

Date

LENTON® TERMINATOR

Headed Bar / End Anchor

LENTON® Concrete Products

Founded in 1903 as the Electric

Railway Improvement Company

Merged with Pentair in September

2015

• Entrepreneurial spirit

• Built by solving technical problems with

innovative solutions

• Engineered Electrical & Fastening Solutions

Platform

• Engineered product solutions

• CADDY - Fixing, fastening and support

products

• ERICO - Electrical grounding, bonding and

connectivity products

• LENTON - Engineered systems for concrete

reinforcement

ERICO History

Why Splice?

Splicing Options

LAP SPLICES

WELDED SPLICES

MECHANICAL SPLICES

METAL FILLED

TAPER THREAD

BOLT SLEEVE

FRICTION WELDED

GROUT SLEEVE

MECHANICAL LAP

SWAGED

PARALLEL THREAD

THREAD DEFORMED

HYBRID SYSTEMS

Material Properties - Concrete

Material Properties - Reinforcing Steel

The Lap Splice Characteristics

• Only up to 36mm rebar – Can’t lap splice 38mm, 40mm,

43mm, 50mm & 57mm reinforcing steel

• Load is transferred by surrounding concrete

• Lap length dependent on grade of concrete

• Lap length dependent on the application

– ~50db

– longer for epoxy coated bars, top bars effects

• Lap length dependent on the diameter

• Negative for steel/concrete ratio

• Ductility not defined

• Placing and dimensioning risks

• Free end slip

• Low material cost

The Lap Splice Characteristics

What happens to a lap splice

when the concrete surrounding it

is gone?

Lap Splice Failure

Mechanical splices

Why Mechanical Splicing ?

• Improved Structural Integrity

• Eliminates Congestion Problems

• Consistent Steel to Concrete Ratio

• Safety & Formwork Considerations

• Eliminates Time-Consuming Calculations &

Detailing

• Material/Labor Cost Savings – Cagley study

0.2%

• Laps not allowed for bars larger than 36mm

Improved Structural Integrity

• Mechanical splices provide

independent load path continuity

regardless of condition of concrete.

• Lap splices depend on surrounding

concrete for strength.

Mechanical Splice Characteristics

Congestion Problems

•Poor concrete

consolidation

•Rock Pockets

•Voids

•Steel to concrete ratio

issues

•Performance issues

Eliminates Congestion

Problems

Safety and Formwork Considerations

COUPLERS = NO

SAFETY HAZARD

PROTRUDING

DOWELS = SAFETY

HAZARD

Codes For Mechanical Splices

BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS

MECHANICAL SPLICE REQUIREMENTS

ACI 349/359 & ACI 318


ACI 318 – BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS (TYPE 1 & TYPE 2)

(TYPE 1) SECTION 12.14.3.2* – A FULL MECHANICAL SPLICE

SHALL DEVELOP IN TENSION OR COMPRESSION, AS REQUIRED,

AT LEAST 1.25 Fy OF THE BAR

(TYPE 2) SECTION 21.1.6.1(b)* – TYPE 2 MECHANICAL SPLICES

SHALL CONFORM TO 12.14.3.2* AND SHALL DEVELOP THE

SPECIFIED TENSILE STRENGTH OF THE BAR (SEISMIC)

*Section 25.5.7.1 & 18.2.7.1 in ACI 318-14

ACI Resource Center & Transition Keys: http://www.concrete.org/tools/318-

information/318-14-portal/318-14-faqs-and-sample-content.aspx

http://www.concrete.org/tools/318-information/318-14-portal/318-14-faqs-and-sample-content.aspx


















Code Required Loads

REBAR TYPE SPEC. YIELD

Fy

TYPE 1 SPLICE

1.25*Fy

TYPE 2 SPLICE

1.0*Fu

ASTM A615

GRADE 60

60 ksi

(420MPa)

75 ksi

(520MPa)

90 ksi

(620MPa)

ASTM A615

GRADE 80

80 ksi

(550MPa)

100 ksi

(690MPa)

105 ksi

(725MPa)

ASTM A706

GRADE 60

60 ksi

(420MPa)

75 ksi

(520MPa)

80 ksi

(550MPa)

ASTM A706

GRADE 80

80 ksi

(550MPa)

100 ksi

(690MPa)

100 ksi

(690MPa)

NBR 7480

CA 50/CA 50S

500 Mpa

(72.5 ksi)

625 MPa

(90.6 ksi)

540 MPa

(78.3 ksi)

IBC AC133 Cyclic Test

-40,000

-20,000

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

-0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45

Lo

ad

(lb

s)

Elongation (in)

LENTON #8 SPLICE TEST - TH7432

COMPARISON

OF

SPLICE SYSTEMS

Splices allowed by ASME 359 & used in Nuclear

Containments per ACI

• Lap

• Ferrous Filler – CADWELD

• Taper Threaded – LENTON

• Welded

Mechanical Splices

Mechanical Splices

Types of splices allowed by ASME 359

• Lap

• Ferrous Filler – CADWELD

• Taper Threaded – LENTON

• Swaged

• Thread deformed Bar

• Sleeve with Grout – LENTON INTERLOK

• Cold roll or enlarged parallel thread

• Arc Weld

• *LENTON LOCK – set screw coupler added in 2010 addenda

Welded Splices

Welded Splices

Advantages Disadvantages

• Low material cost

• ‘All’ connections

• Weldable steel

required

• Bulky ‘special’

equipment

• Skilled welders

required

• Expensive Quality

Control / Inspection

• Time consuming

• Size, congestion

Mechanical Splices

Swaged

Swaged


• Relatively Cheap

coupler (one piece version)

• No special bar end

preparation *

• In Situ splicing possible

• No P-couplers**

• Bulky equipment, several men & a crane are needed – Expensive labor

• Slow, costly installation

• Dependent on deformations

• Difficult inspection & higher test frequency ACI 359

• Difficult to work with on repair applications, radius bars & tight space

• Bars must touch in the center to achieve performance

• Bars must be clean and dry

• Equipment needs constant calibration and monitoring. Must sharpen dies.

LENTON Splicing and Headed Bar Options

Compression Only

Headed Bar/Anchorage

Tension And Compression

No Bar End Preparation

LENTON SPEED SLEEVE

LENTON TERMINATOR

LENTON

INTERLOK

LENTON

Coupler

LENTON

QUICK WEDGE LENTON LOCK

Taper-Threaded

LENTON

Position

Mechanical Splices

Tapered Threaded

Advantage of Taper Thread

Tapered Threaded Splices


• Fastest system to install

• Self aligning

• No cross threading

• Compact size

• Range of coupler types

• Easy to Inspect

• Full tensile strength

• Low slip

• Low installed cost

• Proven track record

• Needs Position type

coupler for bent bars

• Bar end threading

LENTON® Taper-threaded Splicing System

Rebar Sizes:

10mm – 57mm

Couplers Available:

Standard

Transition

Position

Weldable

LENTON® LOCK

Rebar Sizes:

10mm – 57mm

In-situ splice

No Bar-End

Preparation

Designed to break

reinforcing bar remote

Two types depending

on performance and

application

LENTON TERMINATOR

Headed Bar System

Rebar Sizes:

12mm – 57mm

Applications:

Beam/Column

Roof/Column

Piles

Caissons

PRODUCT OFFERING

• LENTON TERMINATOR SUMMARY

*All are compliant with IBC & IRC codes = both refer to ACI 318 for design.

FEATURES and APPLICATIONS

• Eliminates/replaces hooks

• Shortens development lengths

• Reduces congestion problems

• Lightweight and normal weight concrete

• LENTON Taper Thread System

– Fast install

– Easy inspection

– Install/un-install/re-install capability

• Non-contact Lap Splice

Shear Cone Theory

LENTON TERMINATOR utilizes principles of the

Shear Cone Theory which effectively reduces the

development length of reinforcing bars.

LENTON TERMINATOR Hooked bar alternative

Roof Slab applications Beam Column applications

CODES AND STANDARDS

• ACI 318

– Key Definitions

• Headed Deformed Bar – Deformed reinforcing bars with heads attached at one or both ends.

Heads are attached to the bar end by means such as welding or

forging on the bar, internal threads on the bar end, or a separate

threaded nut to secure the head of the bar. The net bearing area of a

headed deformed bar equals the gross area of the head minus the

larger of the area of the bar and the area of any obstruction. (Refer to ASTM A970 Section A1.1.1.5)

• Anchor – A steel element either cast into concrete or post-installed into a

hardened concrete member and used to transmit applied loads,

including headed bolts, hooked bolts (J- or L-bolt), headed studs,

expansion anchors, or undercut anchors.

• ACI 318

– Key Definitions

• Development

– Force transfer by bond along bar + bearing at head

– Section 12.6: Development of Headed and Mechanically

Anchored Deformed Bars in Tension

• Anchorage

– Force transfer by bearing at head only

– Appendix D: Anchoring to Concrete

» ACI 349 Appendix B or D (depending on year)

CODES AND STANDARDS

CODES AND STANDARDS

• ACI 318

– Section 12.6 – Headed Deformed Bars

• Development length (ldh)

• Conditions of use (a) – (f)

• ASTM A970 compliant

– Appendix D - Anchors

• Anchorage length (hef)

• Any head size

• Anchor diameter limit

– ≤ 2” (ACI 318-08)…= 50mm, so includes 40,43,50mm!!

– ≤ 4” (ACI 318-11)…= 100mm, so includes 57mm!!!!

CODES AND STANDARDS

ACI 318 Code Summary

– Reinforcing bar sizes 12mm – 50mm are addressed in ACI 318-08.

– All sizes of reinforcing bars are addressed in ACI 318-11.

– Both ACI 318-08 & 11 address headed bar sizes 12mm – 36mm in

Section 12.6.

Headed Bar and Rebar Anchor Design Cross-Reference Chart

Note 1: ACI 318-08 Appendix D, Section D.4.2.2 permits anchor diameters up to 2” (50mm). Note 2: ACI 318-11 Appendix D, Section D.4.2.2 permits anchor diameters up to 4” (100mm).

Rebar Size

ACI 318-08 ACI 318-11

Section 12.6 Appendix D Section 12.6 Appendix D

12mm – 36mm Yes Yes Yes Yes

40mm No Yes1 No Yes2

57mm No No No Yes2

CODES AND STANDARDS

ASTM A970

– Sections 6.3 & 14

• Class A & B

• Marking: T

– Annex A1

• Class HA

• Head dimensions

– Abrg ≥ 4Ab

– Flat surface perp. to bar

– Obstructions/interruptions

• Marking: H

EVALUATION REPORT

IAMPO-UES

– ER-0188

• Latest issue: Sept. 2014

• Valid Through: Sept. 2015 (renewal and/or update prior)

• D6/D16/D14

• Multiple years of IBC, IRC, ACI, & ASTM

• A706 Grades 60 & 80

• A615 Grades 60, 75, & 80

• All rebar sizes: 12mm to 57mm

• ACI 318 Section 12.6

• ACI 318 Appendix D

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

• SAMPLE CALCULATION REQUIREMENTS USING ACI 318-08/11

• DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF A 90° HOOKED BAR

• DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF A HEADED BAR SYSTEM

• SUMMARY TABLE

ALL HEADED BARS MUST BE PRODUCED TO ASTM A970 TO BE

COMPLIANT WITH THE ACI 318 BUILDING CODE

LATEST PUBLISHED VERSION ASTM A970, INCLUDES

MANDATORY ANNEX A1 FOR CODE COMPLIANCE CLASS HA

HEAD

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS/PARAMETERS

SECTION 12.5* OF ACI 318 (90°HOOKED BARS)

SECTION 12.6* OF ACI 318 (HEADED BARS)

CONCRETE STRENGTH = 4,000 PSI (28 MPa)

25mm ASTM A615 GRADE 60 REBAR

*Section 25.4.3 & 25.4.4 in ACI 318-14

ACI Resource Center & Transition Keys: http://www.concrete.org/tools/318-information/318-14-portal/318-14-faqs-and-sample-content.aspx




















SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

CONDITIONS OF USE FOR EQ. 12.6.2

• BAR fy SHALL NOT EXCEED 60,000 PSI (420 MPa)

• BAR SIZE SHALL NOT EXCEED #11 (36 mm)

• CONCRETE SHALL BE NORMALWEIGHT, ≥ 6,000 PSI (41MPa)

• NET BEARING AREA OF HEAD (Abrg) SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 4Ab

• CLEAR COVER FOR BAR SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 2db

• CLEAR SPACING BETWEEN BARS SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 4db (changed to 3db in ACI 318-14)

** IF THESE CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET DESIGN OF MECHANICAL ANCHORS FALL UNDER APPENDIX D OR ACI 352

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

SUMMARY TABLE

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

BAR SIZE ldt

90 HOOK

ldt

LENTON® TERMINATOR

#4 12mm 9.48” (241 mm) 7.59” (193 mm)

#5 16mm 11.86” ( 301) 9.49” (241)

#6 20mm 14.23” (361) 11.38” (289)

#7 22mm 16.60” (422) 13.28” (337)

#8 25mm 18.97” (482) 15.18” (386)

#9 28mm 21.40” (544) 17.12” (435)

#10 32mm 24.10” (612) 19.28” (490)

#11 36mm 26.75” (679) 21.40” (544)

fy = 60,000 psi (ASTM A615/706 Grade 60), f’c = 4,000 psi

DESIGN EXAMPLE – Appendix D

ACI 318/349 APPENDIX D (Chapter 17 on ACI 318-14)

Effective Embedment Length/Depth (hef)


ACI 318/349 APPENDIX D

• Make selection of anchor or group of anchors and proper edge

effect condition

• Determine multipliers and area

factors per the following:

– Concrete type: cracked or

uncracked, normal or

lightweight, etc.

– Design load: fy, 0.5fy, 1.25fy,

fu…

– Anchor geometry, type and

bearing area.

• Calculate development length per all

modes of failures.


• Now, Let’s try an example with a 25mm bar and 500 MPa reinforcing for

concrete breakout mode of failure


• Now, let’s confirm the minimum bearing are of the head needed for

pull-out mode of failure

TESTS PROTOCOLS & PERFORMANCE

• ICC/ICBO & IAPMO – AC 347 (Seismic Protocol)

– Type 2

– Class HA

• DiBT (Germany) – LENTON TERMINATOR D14

– <0.1mm slip at 0.6fy (325 MPa)

– 95% tensile efficiency

– Fatigue 2MM cycles at 60 MPa band

• AFCAB (France) – LENTON TERMINATOR D14

– <0.1mm slip at 0.6fy (325 Mpa)

– 95% tensile efficiency

• CALTRANS – LENTON TERMINATOR D16/D14

– ASTM A706 grade 60 min specified tensile stress (550 MPa)

– 100 cycles – 0.05fy to 0.9fy

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH

• Wallace Report

• Keith Thompson Papers

• Purdue testing

• Kansas University shear reinforcement and high

strength steel research

FAQ’s

Refer to separate pdf document…convenient

reference tool for design and use of headed bars….

APPLICATION PICTURES

CAGING APPLICATIONS

SAN JOSE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, CALIFORNIA



Monotrilho Linha 15 – São Paulo (SP)


UHE Jirau – Porto Velho (RO)

Brookfield Towers – São Paulo (SP)


Dams and Bridges

HOOVER DAM

World’s Tallest Buildings

Petronas Towers,

Kuala Lumpur

Trump Tower,

Chicago

Burj Khalifa,

Dubai

Project References

Olkilouto, Finland

LENTON

Olkilouto OLK3

Vogtle & VC Summer

LENTON THREADING OPERATION

Thank you

Pentair Engineered Electrical &

Fastening Solutions

New Product Platforms

Purpose of this discussion is to

introduce LENTON's strategy for

future offerings and get feedback

from you.

Today’s Discussion

LENTON® FORM SAVER Dowel Bar Substitute

Rebar Sizes:

12mm – 36mm

LENTON SA

Standard coupler with plate

•Eliminates drilling of forms

•Form work easy to remove &

reuse

•Enables slip forming

•Built in thread protector

•Eliminates bend / re-bend of bar

LENTON® Weldable Couplers

WELDABLE TYPE

• Structural steel to reinforced concrete transitions

• Able to weld to any shape of structural steel

• No weldable grade of rebar necessary

• No onsite welding needed

• Positional weldable available

LENTON® Weldable Couplers

Special Couplers

LENTON® INTERLOK

GROUT FILLED TYPE

• USED IN PRECAST

CONSTRUCTION

• 12mm – 57mm, TRANSITIONS

• HIGH STRENGTH GROUT

• ACCOMODATES BAR

MISALIGNMENT

• PUMP OR GRAVITY POSITIONING

LENTON® QUICK WEDGE

MECHANICAL LAP TYPE

• 10mm – 20mm

• RETROFIT WORK

• MIN. EXPOSED DOWEL

LENGTHS

• VISUAL INSPECTION

– LLM with D14, D16, C14 &

PC14

– Finalizing design phase

– Domestic and non-domestic

– 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 22mm,

25mm, 28mm, 32mm & 36mm

– Performance as current

LENTON LOCK B-series

– Witnessed test data will be

available

– Est. completion date: 2016

LENTON LOCK MODULAR

Market Influencing Factors

• Performance and Codes

• Commercial Factors

• Costs

• Constructability

• Performance and Codes

• Commercial Factors

• Costs

• Constructability

Market Influencing Factors

Worldwide Performance

Categories Performance Category Coverage - Examples

LAP Non Mechanical Splices and Anchors

Basic Mechanical ACI 318 Type 1, 125% fy, 540 MPa, CANCSA, AS3600, 108%fy, non seismic demands

Intermediate Mechanical ACI Type 2, Min Fuk , DIN 1045, BS 8110, ISO 15835 S1/S2 low cycle fatigue, 0.1mm slip, AC 133, <95% fy, Service Splice, UK Cares TA1B, NFA-35-020-1, ASME III div 2, ACI 349. 60 MPa High cycle fatigue. Agt < 5%

Superior Mechanical High end and unique project needs or specifications that might include Bar Break remote, high Strain Agt ≥ 5%, high cycle fatigue, UK Cares TA1C & D Class fatigue, blast, nuclear, ultimate splice, NZ3101, JGJ, JIS, Ultra-high strength rebar.

Strategic Expansion Performance Category

LAP

Basic Mechanical

Intermediate Mechanical

Superior Mechanical

Evaluation Criteria:

Performance & Codes Commercial Factors Installed Costs Constructability

Feedback From You

We would appreciate any comments or

suggestions to help us develop a product

that satisfies your needs.

As world-wide leader in reinforcing bar

splices, LENTON® is able to :

• Always offer the optimum technical solution

• Make a selection with you from our broad

product range that fits your project and

application

• Offer you the maximum advantages of

mechanical reinforcing bar splices

• Support your projects as a reliable logistic and

technical partner

Why use LENTON Mechanical Splice?

• Minimize Your Risk

– Array of products to meet the applications

– Meet the requirements

– Have Capacity

– Have the Quality systems in Place – NQA1

– Have the Expertise and Experience

– Have the Partnerships

– Make custom components to meet unique project

needs.

Thank you

Pentair Engineered Electrical &

Fastening Solutions

QUESTIONS ?

AFFILIATIONS

Testing at Purdue University

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