PennsylvaniaThe Early Years

First Settlers• Holland early 1600’s

– Holland Hires Henry Hudson to explore 1609– Hudson River – New Amsterdam (New York)

• England– 1st settlement in America: Jamestown, VA 1607– Plymouth, MA est. 1620 by the pilgrims

First Settlements on the East Coast

• Northern Colonies– New Netherlands (Dutch)

– New England (England)

– Canada/New France

– (France

• Middle Colonies– Virginia (England)

• Southern Colonies– New Spain

– Spanish Florida

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/maps/settlements/

http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/maps/english_colonies/

Early English Colonies

• Expansion– England expands

Middle Colonies to the Carolinas and PA

• Wars– Gains Dutch/Swedish

colonies in 1600’s– Parts of Canada

annexed during French/Indian War

Map of Spanish Colonies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain

(Anachronous map, showing all territories that were ever part of New Spain in dark green, with territories claimed but not controlled in lighter green.)

New Spain Info

Source of Information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Spain

Capital: Mexico City Largest City: Mexico City

Official Language: Spanish Head of State: King of Spain

Government in America: Viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire

Existed: 1535-1821 (Spanish conquest of Mexico to War of Independence.)

Dutch Explorers• Hudson-Delaware Bay. Ship is “Half Moon”

– Looking for N.W. passage to Asia• Hendrickson

– Sails up the Delaware R. and discovers the Schuylkill R. on his return

• Dutch West India Co. Formed– set up in New Jersey and Delaware– Dutch Est. Fort Beversrede-modern day Philly– Wanted trade not settlement

• Dutch accomplished– Trading posts– Trading routes– Trade w/natives– Explored new areas

New Amsterdam

Sweden• Gustavus Adolphus-wanted a colony in the new world

w/Dutch help• Queen Christina-hires Peter Minuet to lead expedition in

1637• Minuet-bought Manhattan off of the Indians for trinkets

(value of $24)– Purchased land from the Delaware R. to the Schuylkill R.– Est. Wilmington settlement in Delaware– Left and disappeared on the Fogel Grip headed back to Sweden– The Kalmar Nyckel brought riches back to Sweeden in 1640

Swede’s Accomplishments: 1630’s

• Established permanent towns in PA (Tinicum Island)– Homes, schools, churches, businesses– Est. civil form of government– Brought crops in from Europe: corn, pumpkins,

beans, etc

• Attack the Dutch and lose PA– Peter Stuyvesant (Gov. of New Amsterdam (NYC))

• Has only 1 leg• Takes control of PA from Swedes

• Swedes lose wars in Europe and PA to Holland

English Control: 1640s-1680’s

• England defeats Holland in war in Europe

• England gains Holland’s colonies– English troops occupy New Amsterdam

• Rename New York• Stuyvesant surrenders peaceably

– PA remains a part of New Amsterdam colony until 1681

William Penn Sr.• English Admiral

• A wealthy landowner in England

• Good friends with Charles II (King of Eng.) and his bro. James

• Loans money to the King to finance his wars in Europe

William Penn Jr.

• Attends Oxford University• Penn expelled for meeting with Quakers (only Anglican church

allowed in England)• Becomes a Quaker at 23 and becomes a preacher• Join Quakers/ “society of friends” but is imprisoned for religion• Father disinherits him• He becomes friends w/Charles II & causes him to release Quakers

from prison• Father relents and puts him back in will• Father dies-Charles II owes him money• Penn Jr. asks for land not money• Charles II gives him PA

– 2 birds w/one stone (repays Penn & gets rid of Quakers)

PA Boom$!!!!• Penn sells his land in PA

– Advertised as fertile, beautiful, and democratic– 100 English pounds=5K acres (4 cents/acre)– Quitrent Rent=20 cents/100 acres– Philadelphia grew quickly– 3,000 moved to PA in first year– Quakers could practice openly, but Quakers only– This would later change

Founding of PA• Conditions attached to PA from King

– Collect taxes– Can veto any law– Colony must be PA (Penn wanted Sylvania or

New Wales)– Wants land named for Penn Sr.

New Government• Penn forms nine man council

– 7 English 2 Swedes– Must be a Christian

• Starts capital of Philadelphia-city of Brotherly Love• 1st to use checkerboard grid plan• Forms General Assembly of Landowners

– Land divided into three counties– Our state govt. is still called the general assembly

The Great Law• The Basis for govt. in early America• Four major ideas of the Great Law

– All religions welcome: only Christians can hold office

– No work on Sundays (Sabbath)– Prisons became work houses: in England they

were lockups– Only murder and treason punishable by death:

in England over 200 crimes punishable by death

The QuakersThe Quakers

• Religious beliefsReligious beliefs– All men created equalAll men created equal– Non-violentNon-violent– Tolerant of other religionsTolerant of other religions

• ContributionsContributions– Est. PA colonyEst. PA colony– Named PA (Penn’s Woods)Named PA (Penn’s Woods)– Est. 1Est. 1stst govt (Gen. Assembly) govt (Gen. Assembly)– Est. system of cities-capitalEst. system of cities-capital– Grid-like system of city roadsGrid-like system of city roads