Presented by : Prof. Muhammad Rizal Martua Damanik, PhD

Deputy for Research Training and Development

National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) 1

INDONESIA POPULATION Challenges and Innovations

2

34 provinces, 519 districts/municipalities, 6.651 sub-districs,

77.126 villages, 17.504 islands, 360 ethnic groups,

total population : 264,7 millions (2019)

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

1961 1971 2010

205 MILLIONS

250

275

300 285 MILLIONS

AVERTED BIRTHS 80 MILLIONS

AVERTED BIRTHS NEARLY

100 MILLIONS

330 MILLIONS

237.6 MILLIONS

MILLIONS PEOPLE

YEAR

Number of Population, Indonesia 1980-2035

(Millions)

97,1 MILLIONS

119,2 MILLIONS

2000 2035

IF POP GROWTH

0,62%

IF POP GROWTH

1,49%

343,96 MILLIONS

305,6 MILLIONS

40.2 MILLIONS

1900

3

Indonesia National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN)

4

Head BKKBN

Deputy of

Family Welfare

and

Empowerment

Principal

Secretary

Deputy of

Family Planning

and RH

Deputy Training ,

Research,

Development

Principal

Inspector

Deputy for

Advocacy,

Information and

Mobilzation

Deputy of

Population

Management

International

Collaboration In-Country Training Research on FP and

Family Development

Research on

Population

Iconic Program

President of Republic of Indonesia : Instruction to Revitalize Family Planning, through “Family Planning

Villages”, since 2016.

to Combat

Stunting

Maternal and Child Situation (MOH, Riskesdas 2018)

•30,2% under-5 children were stunting (very short)

•13,8% under-5 were malnourished

•38,5% pregnant women 15-49 years: energy & protein deficiency.

•48,9% pregnant women anemia

•stunting has strong correlation with age at first marriage of the mother (the younger the age, the more Relative Risk to experience stunting 2,5 folds)

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PREVALENCE OF STUNTING BY PROVINCE, INDONESIA 2013 - 2018

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8

Infant and Child Mortality Rate Indonesia

1991-2017

220

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200Chad

Guinea-Bissau

Lesotho

Democratic Rep. Congo

Afghanistan

Côte d'Ivoire

Ethiopia

Uganda

Comoros

Equatorial Guinea

Indonesia

Yemen

Dominican Rep.

Tonga

Paraguay

Colombia

Cape Verde

Syrian Arab Rep.

Tajikistan

Maldives

Tunisia

Saint Vincent and Grenadines

Republic of Maldova

Latvia

Malaysia

Fiji

Saudi Arabia

Luxembourg

New Zealand

Slovenia

Macedonia

Malta

Germany

Netherlands

Iceland

Italy

Indonesia (ranked 130)

MMR among Asean countries

1. Singapore = 3

2. Brunei Darussalam = 24

3. Malaysia = 29

4. Malaysia = 48

5. Vietnam = 59

6. Philippines = 99

7. Myanmar = 200

8. Indonesia = 220

9. Cambodia = 250

10. Laos = 470

Source: UNFPA, WHO,

Unicef, World Bank

Estimates 2012

MMR of 180 Countries, per 100.000 Live Births, 2010

Number of Births 4,9 millions maternal deaths = 9900 per year

Pop Census 2010 number of pop 0 year = 4 398 405

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Tragic

• In Indonesia analogically each year there are 66 Boeing 737 series 400 has crashed @ 150 passengers containing pregnant and childbirth mothers dying.

Demographic Dividend ?

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"the economic growth potential that can result from

shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the

share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is

larger than the non-working-age share of the

population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)".[

In other words, it is “a boost in economic productivity

that occurs when there are growing numbers of

people in the workforce relative to the number of

dependents.” (UN, 2014) [1]

Source : Bappenas, dkk, 2013, Proyeksi Penduduk 2010-2035.

Demographic Dividend in Indonesia

• Onset time 2012 and reaches its lowest peak in year 2028-2031 (Window of

Opportunity).

• Thereafter the Dependency Ratio increases again due to increasing

proportion of elderly

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Harnessing Demographic Dividend

Success of Family Planning

to reduce Fertility

Women have fewer children

(healthy)

Women enter labour market

and earn income

Family Savings

Public Savings

Investment Demographic

Dividend

SourceL SM Adioetomo. Population Referencec Bureau (PRB) 2013

TREND HDI INDONESIA 1980 - 2013 (UNDP)

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Year Life Expectancy At Birth

Expected Years of Schooling

Mean Years of Schooling GNI per Capita (2005 PPP$)

HDI value

1980 57.6 8.3 3.1 1,278 0.422 1985 60.0 9.3 3.5 1,478 0.456 1990 62.1 9.9 3.3 1,911 0.479 1995 64.0 9.9 4.2 2,630 0.525 2000 65.7 10.3 4.8 2,390 0.540 2005 67.1 11.2 5.3 2,950 0.575 2010 68.9 12.9 5.8 3,775 0.620 2011 69.4 12.9 5.8 3,973 0.624 2012 69.8 12.9 5.8 4,154 0.629 2013 70.8 12.7 7.5 8,970 0.681

Basic Demographic Indication

Demographic transition is taking place at among the fastest rates compared with other regions of the world, whether in terms of fertility reductions, population ageing, and rural-to-urban migration. Rapid epidemiological transition is also occurring, with the disease burden shifting from infectious to chronic diseases.

Preparing Quality Human

Resources to Harness

Demographic Dividend

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Approach of BKKBN: Continuum of Care

Antenatal Care

Labour, Post Delivery and Nenonatal

Services for Infants

Services for Under-5 Year Children

Services for Elementary School Children

Services for Junior/Senior High Schools and Youth

•Counseling

•Integrated ANC

•Fe & Folic Acid

•Counseling

•Early Breastfeeding

•Post Partum FP

•Counseling •Exclusive

Breastfeeding •Complete Basic

Immunization •Complementary

food •Growth

Monitoring

• Counseling • Growth

Monitoring

•Counseling •School Health Initiatives (UKS)

• Counseling : Nutrition, HIV/AIDS, Drugs Abuse

• ARH

•Health and Nutrition Counseling

•FP Services

WRA & Eligible Couples

Elderly • Counseling • Quality life • Degeneration

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Body Mass growth and body composition

Metabolism : Diabetes, lipids, protein

Hormones/receptor/gen

Brain Development Cognitive / Study

Achievements

Human Antibody Working Capacities

Diabetes, Obesity, Coronary Heart diseases,

Cancer, stroke, and disabilities of elderly

Nutritional Status during

the First Ten Days of Life

Gizi pada (fetus until children

2 years)

Short Run Impacts Long Run Impact

Death

Sumber: Short and long term effects of early nutrition (James et al 2000)

Why the First Thousand Days of Life, becomes more strategic ?

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5 th

Pertu

mb

uh

an

o

tak

Investasi terlambat, hasil

tidak optimalInvestasi tepat waktu

bbu

mur2 th

80%

lahir

100%

“loss generation”

ascobatgani

Brain Development of Children until Reaching 5 Years Old

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http://www.feralchildren.com/image.php?if=figures/perry20021

Normal Stunting

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Children Brain Development depends on Stimulation through : - Social Interaction - Physical Sensing

Source: Founders’ Network

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Role of Parents/Care Givers

How BKKBN elaborates Family Health at Villages?

Family Planning Village in Indonesia

develops community group activites, among

others: Family Groups with

Children Under 5 Years (or BKB)

Monitoring of Children Growth and Development

Supplement Complementary Food for Children

Health Counseling by FP Field Workers

Through BKB activities, Families learn to implement 8 Family Functions

BECOMING STUNTING VILLAGES

Family Planning / Sunting Villages: spread over 34 provinces in Indonesia,

which welcome the collaboration with

universities/ public health institutions

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BKKBN’s 8 FAMILY FUNCTIONS

BKKBN

1.Religion

2.Social and

Culture

4.Protection

7.Economy

6.Reproductive Health

8.Environment

5.Education Socialization

3.Love and

Affection

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Implementation of One Aspect of 8 Family Functions:

Environment Function

Planting eligible vegetables/ plants

Torbangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus, Lour.)

Partnership of BKKBN with universities or health education insitutions (FKM/Stikes) and also Forum of the Indonesia Rectors

to collaborate research or community obligation in the field of Population, Family

Planning and Family Development, targeted to

prevent stunting cases. 26

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www.bkkbn.go.id