Pembahasan Reading Compre

8/2/2019 Pembahasan Reading Compre

1/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

1

Be familiar with the type of questions anddirections.

Consider the length of time for the ReadingSection.

Prepare enough time (1 or 2 minutes) tocheck and overview your answers.

Increase vocabulary mastery by reading a lot.

Increase structure and grammar mastery.

Reading: GENERAL STRATEGIES


2/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

2

1. Skim to determine the main idea and overall organization of ideas.

2. Read ahead at the questions what language skills are being tested.

3. Find the section at the passage that deals with the questions.

Main idea question first sentences of each paragraph.

Directly and indirectly detailed question check the keywords.

Pronoun question reference.

Transition question predicting the previous or following paragraph.

Vocabulary question look at the context around which it is used.

Where-in-the-passage question find the similar expression.

Tone, purpose and course question Make use the logic andvocabularies.

4. Scan carefully. Read comprehensively in the passage where theinformation might be found.

5. Choose the best answer for each question. Make intelligent guessing ifyou are not sure.

6. Answer all questions. Do not leave any blank/unanswered number.

Procedures for READING (Paper TOEFL)


3/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

3

In English, there are many different kinds of expressions

that people use to give a name to anything whose name is

unknown or momentarily forgotten. The word gadgetis one

such word. It was first used by British sailors in the 1850s and

5 probably came from the French word gachette, which was a

small hook. In everyday use, the word has a more general

meaning. Other words are also used to give a name tosomething unnamed or unknown, and these words tend to be

somewhat imaginative. Some of the more commonly used

10 expressions are a what-d ye call-it, a whatsis, a thingamabob,

a thingamajig, a doodad, or a doohickey.

In English, there are many different kinds of expressions

that people use to give a name to anything whose name is

unknown or momentarily forgotten. The word gadgetis one

such word. It was first used by British sailors in the 1850s and

5 probably came from the French word gachette, which was a

small hook. In everyday use, the word has a more general

meaning. Other words are also used to give a name tosomething unnamed or unknown, and these words tend to be

somewhat imaginative. Some of the more commonly used

10 expressions are a what-d ye call-it, a whatsis, a thingamabob,

a thingamajig, a doodad, or a doohickey.

01. Which of the following is NOT true about the word gadget?

(A) It is used to name something when the name is not known.(B) It was used at the beginning of the nineteenth century.(C) It most likely came from a word in the French language.(D) Its first known use was by British sailors.

Finding Unstated Details

1850s is the middle of 19th century, NOT the beginning of it.

01. Which of the following is NOT true about the word gadget


4/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

4

02. Which of the following isNOT mentioned in thepassage as an expression

for something that is notknown?

A what-is-it A gadget A thingamabob A doohickey

UNDERSTAND the keywordsof the question.

SKIM through the passage tofind the information aboutexpressions used forsomething unknown.

In English, there are many different kinds

of expressions that people use to give a

name to anything whose name is unknown

or momentarily forgotten. The word gadgetis one such word. It was first used by British

sailors in the 1850s and probably came from

the French word gachette, which was a small

hook. In everyday use, the word has a more

general meaning. Other words are also used

to give a name to something unnamed orunknown, and these words tend to be

somewhat imaginative. Some of the more

commonly used expressions are a what-d

ye call-it, a whatsis, a thingamabob, a

thingamajig, a doodad, or a doohickey.

X


5/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

5

01. The pronoun They in line 5 refers to

(A) humid area(B) these plants(C) insects(D) digestive fluids

Finding Pronoun REFERENTS

Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the Venus-

flytrap, are generally found in humid areas where there is an

inadequate supply of nitrogen in the soil. In order to survive,

these plants have developed mechanisms to trap insects within

5 their foliage. They have digestive fluids to obtain the

necessary nitrogen from the insects. These plants trap the

insects in a variety of ways, the sundew has sticky hairs on itsleaves; when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets caught up

in the sticky hairs, and the leaf wraps itself around the insect.

10 The leaves of the Venus-flytrap function more like a trap,

snapping suddenly and forcefully shut around an insect.

Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the Venus-

flytrap, are generally found in humid areas where there is an

inadequate supply of nitrogen in the soil. In order to survive,

these plants have developed mechanisms to trap insects within

5 their foliage. They have digestive fluids to obtain the

necessary nitrogen from the insects. These plants trap the

insects in a variety of ways, the sundew has sticky hairs on itsleaves; when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets caught up

in the sticky hairs, and the leaf wraps itself around the insect.

10 The leaves of the Venus-flytrap function more like a trap,

snapping suddenly and forcefully shut around an insect.


6/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

6

Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the

Venus-flytrap, are generally found in humid areas

where there is an inadequate supply of nitrogen in the

soil. In order to survive, these plants have developed

mechanisms to trap insects within their foliage. They

have digestive fluids to obtain the necessary nitrogen

from the insects. These plants trap the insects in a

variety of ways, the sundew has sticky hairs on itsleaves; when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets

caught up in the sticky hairs, and the leaf wraps itself

around the insect. The leaves of the Venus-flytrap

function more like a trap, snapping suddenly and

forcefully shut around an insect.

an insect

02. Look at the word it in the

passage. Click on the word

or phrase in that it refers to.

Identify the keyword of the

question, and then find the

READ the paragraph

carefully to find a similarexpression.

You should clickEXACTLYon

the CORRECT WORD, and

the word will be highlighted.


7/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

7

01. All of the following are true about blood plasma EXCEPT that

(A) it is deeply colored liquid(B) blood cells have been taken out of it(C) patients are often transfused with it(D) it is generally more important to the patient than other parts of the

whole blood

02. Which of the following is NOT stated about whole blood?

(A) It is different from plasma.(B) It cannot be dried.(C) It is impossible to keep it in storage for a long time.(D) It is a clear, colorless liquid.

Sample Exercise

Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the redand white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patientgenerally needs the plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.

Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can bemixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blooddoes. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.

Which of the following is NOT stated about whole blood

All of the following are true about blood plasmaEXCEPT

Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the redand white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because a patientgenerally needs the plasma portion of the blood more than the other components.

Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can bemixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole blooddoes. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.


8/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

8

03. Which of the following is NOT true about Nellie Bly?

(A) Nellie Blys real name was Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman.(B) Nellie Bly was mentally ill.(C) The name Nellie Bly came from a song.

(D) The name Nellie Bly was used on articles that Seaman wrote.

04. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something that Nellie Bly didto get a good story?

(A) She acted like a thief.(B) She got arrested by the police.

(C) She pretended to be ill.(D) She worked as a doctor in a mental hospital.

Sample Exercise

Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman was an American journalist at the turn of the century whowrote for the newspaper New York World under the pen name Nellie Bly, a name which wastaken from the Stephen Foster song Nelly Bly. She achieved fame for her exposes and inparticular for the bold and adventuresome way that she obtained her stories.

She felt that the best way to get the real story was from the inside rather than as anoutside observer who could be treated to a prettified version of reality. On one occasion shepretended to be a thief so that she would get arrested and see for herself how femaleprisoners were really treated. On another occasion she faked mental illness in order to be

admitted to a mental hospital to get the real picture on the treatment of mental patients.

Which of the following is NOT true about Nellie Bly

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something that Nellie Bly did


9/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-

UNY

9

01. The pronoun It in line 2 refers to

(A) the equinox(B) the sun

(C) the harvest moon(D) the night

02. Look at the word they in the passage. Click on the word or phrase thattheyrefers to.

Sample Exercise

The full moon that occurs nearest the equinox of the Sun has become known as the harvest

moon. It is a bright moon which allows farmers to work late into the night for several nights; they

can work when the moon is at its brightest to bring in the fall harvest. The harvest moon, of

course, occurs at different times of the year in the northern and southern hemispheres. In the

northern hemisphere, the harvest moon occurs in September at the time of the autumnal

equinox. In the southern hemisphere, the harvest moon occurs in March at the time of the vernal

equinox.

farmers


10/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

10 If asked who invented the game of baseball, mostAmericans would probably reply that it was their belief thatAbner Doubleday did. They believe this because the storyabout Doubleday is part of the tradition of baseball.

5 Doubleday was given credit for this invention early inthe twentieth century when sporting-goods manufacturerSpaulding inaugurated a commission to research the questionof who invented baseball. In 1908, a report was published bythe commission in which Abner Doubleday, a U.S. army

10 officer from Cooperstown, New York, was given credit for the

invention of the game. The National Baseball Hall of Famewas established in Cooperstown in honor of Doubleday.

Today, most sports historians are in agreement thatDoubleday really did not have much to do with the

15 development of baseball. Instead, baseball seems to be aclose relative of the English game of rounders and probablyhas English rather than American roots.

If asked who invented the game of baseball, mostAmericans would probably reply that it was their belief thatAbner Doubleday did. They believe this because the storyabout Doubleday is part of the tradition of baseball.

5 Doubleday was given credit for this invention early inthe twentieth century when sporting-goods manufacturerSpaulding inaugurated a commission to research the questionof who invented baseball. In 1908, a report was published bythe commission in which Abner Doubleday, a U.S. army

10 officer from Cooperstown, New York, was given credit for the

invention of the game. The National Baseball Hall of Famewas established in Cooperstown in honor of Doubleday.

Today, most sports historians are in agreement thatDoubleday really did not have much to do with the

15 development of baseball. Instead, baseball seems to be aclose relative of the English game of rounders and probablyhas English rather than American roots.

01. In the passage

(A) an idea is presented and then refuted(B) a concept is followed by examples(C) a cause is followed by an effect(D) a belief is supported with reasons

Recognizing the Organization of Ideas

Finding organization of ideas:

Read the First Sentences ofeach paragraph

Understand the logical relationof each paragraph.

= disalahkan,dibantah, ditolak

Pa

per-basedTOEF

L


11/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

11

02. Click on the paragraphthat gives the historicalbackground of a particular

belief.

UNDERSTAND the keywords ofthe question.

If asked who invented the game of baseball, mostAmericans would probably reply that it was their beliefthat Abner Doubleday did. They believe this because

the story about Doubleday is part of the tradition ofbaseball.

Doubleday was given credit for this invention early inthe twentieth century when sporting-goods manufacturerSpaulding inaugurated a commission to research thequestion of who invented baseball. In 1908, a reportwas published by the commission in which AbnerDoubleday, a U.S. army officer from Cooperstown, NewYork, was given credit for the invention of the game. TheNational Baseball Hall of Fame was established inCooperstown in honor of Doubleday.

Today, most sports historians are in agreement thatDoubleday really did not have much to do with theDevelopment of baseball. Instead, baseball seems to bea close relative of the English game of rounders andprobably has English rather than American roots.

Computer-based TOEFL

Answer:Paragraph 2


12/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

12

01. The passage indicates that Jamestown

(A) was settled in 1633(B) was settled twenty-six years after Williamsburg(C) was the first permanent English colony in America(D) was originally named Middle Plantation

Answering Stated Details Correctly

Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia that was settled

by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first

permanent English colony in America was settled at

Jamestown. In the beginning, the colony at Williamsburg was

5 named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle

of a peninsula between two rivers, the York and the James.

The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonistsbecause the soil drainage was better there than at the

Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitoes.

Some questions can be

answered directly bythe information given inthe passage. Theexpression used in thequestion, however, maybe different from that

on the text.

Pa

per-basedTOEFL Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia that was settled

by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first

permanent English colony in America was settled at

Jamestown. In the beginning, the colony at Williamsburg was

5 named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle

of a peninsula between two rivers, the York and the James.

The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonistsbecause the soil drainage was better there than at the

Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitoes.


13/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

13

02. According to the passage,the colonists choseWilliamsburg because

it was in England there were no nearby rivers there were lots of

mosquitoes the soil drained well

UNDERSTAND the keywords ofthe question.

SKIM through the passage to

find the information that isasked in the question.

Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia

that was settled by English colonists in

1633, twenty-six years after the first

permanent English colony in America wassettled at Jamestown. In the beginning, the

colony at Williamsburg was named Middle

Plantation because of its location in the

middle of a peninsula between two rivers,

the York and the James. The site for

Williamsburg had been selected by thecolonists because the soil drainage was

better there than at the Jamestown location,

and there were fewer mosquitoes.


Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia

that was settled by English colonists in

1633, twenty-six years after the first

permanent English colony in America wassettled at Jamestown. In the beginning, the

colony at Williamsburg was named Middle

Plantation because of its location in the

middle of a peninsula between two rivers,

the York and the James. The site for

Williamsburg had been selected by thecolonists because the soil drainage was

better there than at the Jamestown location,

and there were fewer mosquitoes.


14/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

14

01. The paragraphpreceding this passage most probably discusses

(A) the youth of Davy Jones(B) Davy Joness career as a sailor(C) a different traditional story from the sea

(D) preparing to travel on the ocean

Answering Transition Questions

Another myth of the oceans concerns Davy Jones, who in

folklore is a mean-spirited sovereign of the oceans depths.The name Jones is thought by some etymologists to havebeen derived from the name Jonah, the Hebrew prophet

5 who spent three days in a whales belly.According to tradition, any object that goes overboard and

sinks to the bottom of the ocean is said to have gone toDavy Joness locker, the ocean-sized, mythical receptacle foranything that falls into the water. Needless to say, any sailor on

10 the seas is not so eager to take a tour of Davy Joness locker,although it might be a rather interesting trip considering allthe treasures located there.

Pa

per-basedTOEFL Another myth of the oceans concerns Davy Jones, who in

consider information in

the FIRST SENTENCE

C b d TOEFL


15/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

15

Another myth of the oceans concerns Davy Jones,

who in folklore is a mean-spirited sovereign of the

oceans depths. The name Jones is thought by some

etymologists to have been derived from the nameJonah, the Hebrew prophet who spent three days in a

whales belly.

According to tradition, any object that goes

overboard and sinks to the bottom of the ocean is said

to have gone to Davy Joness locker, the ocean-sized,mythical receptacle for anything that falls into the water.

Needless to say, any sailor on the seas is not so eager

to take a tour of Davy Joness locker, although it might

be a rather interesting trip considering all the treasures

located there.

02. The topic of the paragraphfollowing the passage mostlikely is

valuable items located atthe bottom of the ocean.

where Davy Jones isfound today

Jonah and the whale preventing objects from

falling overboard

To predict the most likelyparagraph PRECEDINGthe passage, read theFIRST SENTENCE of thepassage.

To predict the most likelyparagraph FOLLOWINGthe passage, read theLAST SENTENCE of the

passage.


might be a rather interesting trip considering all the

treasures located there.


16/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

16

01. The paragraph preceding this passagemost probably discusses (A) a different scientific television series(B) Carl Sagans scientific achievements(C) the Pulitzer Prize won by Carls Sagan(D) public television

02. The paragraph following this passage most likely contains informationon what?

(A) The popularity of science(B) The program cosmos(C) The astronomer Carl Sagan

(D) Topics and issues from various fields of science

Sample Exercise

Another program instrumental in the popularization of science was Cosmos. This series,broadcast on public television, dealt with topics and issues from varied fields of science. The

principal writer and narrator of the program was Carl Sagan, a noted astronomer and Pultzer

Prize-winning author.

Another program instrumentalin the popularization of science was Cosmos. This series,broadcast onpublic television, dealt with topics and issues from varied fields of science. The

principal writer and narratorof the program was Carl Sagan, a noted astronomer and Pultzer

Prize-winning author.


17/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

17

Determining Meanings from Word Parts

Pay attention to these word parts and try to remember them.

Part Meaning Example

contramalmissubdecmultisoltridic

dominjudmorspecterrver

viv

against (menentang)bad (buruk, jelek)error, wrongly(salah)under (di bawah)ten (sepuluh)many (banyak)one (satu)three (tiga)say (berkata, bicara)

master (menguasai)judge (hakim)death (mati, kematian)see (melihat)earth (bumi)turn (berputar, berbelok)

live (hidup)

contrast (bertentangan)malcontent (salah isi)mistake (kesalahan)subway (jalan kereta api bawah tanah)decade (sepuluh tahun)multiple (bermacam-macam)solo (sendirian)triple (tiga kali)dictate (mendiktekan)

dominant (menguasai, dominan)judgment (keputusan, pengadilan)mortal (yang mematikan)spectator (penonton)territory (wilayah)divert (mengalihkan, menyelewengkan)

revive (hidup kembali)


18/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

18

01. The word subjugation in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) religion(B) flag(C) control

(D) agreement

Sample ExerciseJuan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese-born explorer who is credited with the

exploration of the coast of what is today the state of California. Sketchy military records from the

period show that early in his career he served with the Spanish army from 1520 to 1524 in Spainsquest for subjugation of the people in what are today Cuba, Mexico, and Guatemala. Little isknown of his activities over the next decades, but apparently he succeeded in rising up throughthe ranks of the military; 1951, he was ordered by Antonio de Mendoza, the Spanish ruler ofMexico, to explore the western coast of North America. Cabrillo set out in June of 1542 incommand of two ships, the San Salvador and the Victoria; he reached San Diego Bay onSeptember 28, 1542, and claimed the terrain for Spain. The peninsula where he landed is today

named Cabrillo Point in his honor; the area has been established as a national monument andpark, and local residents each year hold a celebration and reenactment of Cabrillos landing.

From San Diego, Cabrillo continued northward for further exploration of the spectacularCalifornia coastline. By November 1542, he had reached as far north as San Francisco Bay,although he missed the entrance of the bay due to a huge storm. Soon after, with the approach ofwinter, he veered south and turned back to Mexico. He made it as far south as the Channel

Islands off the coast of what is today Santa Barbara. Cabrillo, who died on San Miguel Island inthe Channel Islands, never made it back to Mexico.

againstbad

error, wronglyunder

contramal

missub

MeaningPart

againstbad

error, wronglyunder

contramal

missub

MeaningPart


19/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

19

02. Look at the word decades in paragraph 1. This word is closest in meaningto

months centuries

long epoch ten-year period







tenmany

onethree

decmulti

soltri

MeaningPart

tenmany

onethree

decmulti

soltri

MeaningPart


20/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-UNY

20

03. In line 9, the word terrain is closest in meaning to

(A) land(B) population(C) minerals

(D) prosperity







seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart

seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart


21/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

21

04. Look at the word spectacularin paragraph 2. This word is closest inmeaning to which of the following?

Ruggedly handsome Visually exciting

Completely uneven Unendingly boring







seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart

seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart


22/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

22

05. Look at the word veered in paragraph 2. Click on another word inparagraph 2 that is close in meaning to veered.







seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart

seeearth

turnlive

specterr

verviv

MeaningPart

winter, he veered south andturned back to Mexico. He made it as far south as the Channelturned


23/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

23

Using Context for Difficult Words

01. An incumbent in line 1 is most likely

(A) a special type of election

(B) a political party(C) a beneficial comment(D) a current office-holder

In a government election, the incumbent generally has a

strong advantage over a newcomer. A person who is already in

office and thus has a certain degree of prominence has a

better chance of being elected than does someone who is

5 unknown to the electorate. History has shown a strong

proclivity in election at all levels of government to return theincumbent to office.

Pa

per-basedTOEFL In a government election, the incumbentgenerally has a

strong advantage over a newcomer. A person who is already

in office and thus has a certain degree of prominencehas a

better chance of being elected than does someone who is

unknown to the electorate. History has shown a strong

proclivity in election at all levels of government to return theincumbent to office.

Computer based TOEFL


24/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

24

In a government election, the incumbentgenerally has

a strong advantage over a newcomer. A person who is

already in office and thus has a certain degree of

prominence has a better chance of being elected than

does someone who is unknown to the electorate.

History has shown a strong proclivity in election at all

levels of government to return the incumbent to office.

02. Look at the word prominencein the passage. This word isclosest in meaning to which

of the following? Fame Timeliness Youthfulness Novelty

Checkthe CONTEXT of thesentence in which the specificword is used, perhaps theword-parts, and theirmeaning.


a strong advantage over a newcomer.A person who is

already in office and thus has a certain degree of

prominencehas a better chance of being elected than




25/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

25

In a government election, the incumbentgenerally

has a strong advantage over a newcomer. A person who

is already in office and thus has a certain degree of

prominence has a better chance of being elected than


History has shown a strong proclivity in election at all

levels of government to return the incumbent to office.

You can also use atry-and-error technique

to check which expression in the text can best

be replaced by the word or expression given.In this case, as tendency is a noun, you can

check all the nouns in the paragraph and find the

one the matches in meaning to tendency.

03. Click on the word in thepassage that is closest inmeaning to tendency.

UNDERSTAND the specific wordor expression and itsmeaning whose synonym orsimilar-meaning expressionthat must be found in the

text.

LOCATE where you must find thespecific expression, and thenpay attention to theCONTEXT of the information

in the text.


In a government election, the incumbentgenerally

has a strong advantage over a newcomer.A person who

is already in office and thus has a certain degree of

prominence has a betterchance of being elected than


History has shown a strongproclivity in election at all

levels ofgovernment to return the incumbent to office.

proclivity


26/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

26

01. What is the primary purpose of this passage?

(A) To alert people to the dangers posed by the Sun.(B) To discuss conditions on Earth in the far future.(C) To present a theory about red giant stars.(D) To describe changes that the Sun will go through.

02. The word fueled in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) powered (C) created(B) bombarded (D) propelled

Progress Test. Passage OneThe Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center thatconvert hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about 4 billion, 600 millionyears and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.

By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the Suns life will be like.About 5 billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and become hotter. The surface

temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of thermonuclearreactions. The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about thedistance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun. The Sun will then be a red giant star.Temperatures on the Earth will become too hot for life to exist.

Once the Sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. Afterit shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star. The Sun may throw off hugeamounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white

dwarf.After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost

its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will bedark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen onto the Earths surface.

The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center thatconvert hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about 4 billion, 600 millionyears and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.





its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be


Th S d i ll d f I i f l d b h l i i h


27/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

27

03. The word state in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) shape (C) location(B) condition (D) size

04. It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun

(A) is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf(B) has been in existence for 10 billion years(C) is rapidly changing in size and brightness(D) will continue as a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years

Progress Test. Passage OneThe Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center thatconvert hydrogen to helium. The Sun has existed in its present state for about 4 billion, 600 millionyears and is thousands of times larger than the Earth.



Once the Sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink. After itshrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star. The Sun may throw off huge amountsof gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf.

After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lostits heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will bedark and cold. If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen onto the Earths surface.







its heat. Such a star is called a black dwarf. After the sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be

T d t C d h d d l l i hild t l t k ith Ali Ad t i


28/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

28

05. The word elderly in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) kindly (C) friendly(B) old (D) sly

06. In theAnnebooks, the main character lives in

(A) the town of Cavendish (C) the town of Avonlea(B) Saskatchewan (D) Ontario

Progress Test. Passage OneTo date, Canada has produced only one classic childrens tale to rank withAlices Adventures inWonderlandand the works of Mark Twain; this was Lucy Maud MontgomerysAnne of Green Gables.Lucy Maud Montgomery was born in Clinton, Prince Edward Island. Her mother died soon after herbirth, and when her father went to Saskatchewan to assume a business position, she moved in withher grandparents in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island. There she went to school and later qualified to

be a teacher.Montgomery wrote theAnne books while living in Cavendish and helping her grandmother atthe post office. The first of the booksAnne of Green Gables, was published in 1908, and in the nextthree years she wrote two sequels. Like Montgomery, the heroine of the book is taken in by anelderly couple who lives in the fictional town of Avonlea, and Montgomery incorporated many eventsfrom her life in Cavendish into theAnne books.

In 1911, Montgomery married Ewan MacDonald and the couple soon moved to Ontario, where

she wrote many other books. However, it was her first efforts that secured her prominence, and theAnne books are still read all around the world. Her novels have helped create a warm picture ofPrince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical play havebeen based on her tales, and today visitors scour the Island for locations described in the book.

the post office. The first of the booksAnne of Green Gables, was published in 1908, and in the nextthree years she wrote two sequels. Like Montgomery, the heroine of the book is taken in by an elderlycouple who lives in the fictional town of Avonlea, and Montgomery incorporated many events

Gables. Lucy Maud Montgomery was born in Clinton, Prince Edward Island. Her mother died soonafter her birth, and when her father went to Saskatchewan to assume a business position, she movedin withher grandparents in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island. There she went to school and later

the post office. The first of the booksAnne of Green Gables, was published in 1908, and in the nextthree years she wrote two sequels. Like Montgomery, the heroine of the book is taken in by anelderly couplewho lives in the fictional town of Avonlea, and Montgomery incorporated many eventsfrom her life in Cavendish into theAnne books.



29/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

29

07. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage about theAnnebooks?

(A) They were at least partially autobiographical.(B) They were influenced by the works of Mark Twain.(C) They were not as successful as Montgomerys later works.(D) They were not popular until after Montgomery had died.

08. The word prominence in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) reputation (C) effort(B) excellence (D) permanence





she wrote many other books. However, it was her first efforts that secured herprominence, and theAnne books are still read all around the world. Her novels have helped create a warm picture ofPrince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical play have

the post office. The first of the booksAnne of Green Gables, was published in 1908, and in the nextthree years she wrote two sequels. Like Montgomery, the heroine of the book is taken in by an elderlycouple who lives in the fictional town of Avonlea, and Montgomery incorporated many events from herlife in Cavendish into theAnne books.



30/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

30

09. Which of these is closest in meaning to the word character in line 15?

(A) a person in a novel (C) a written symbol(B) nature (D) location

10. All of the following have been based on Anne books EXCEPT

(A) a television series (C) a play(B) movies (D) a ballet





she wrote many other books. However, it was her first efforts that secured her prominence, and theAnne books are still read all around the world. Her novels have helped createa warm picture ofPrince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical play havePrince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical playhavebeen based on her tales, and today visitors scour the Island for locations described in the book.



31/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

31

11. In line 16, the word scour could be replaced by which of the followingwithout changing the meaning of the sentence?

(A) cleanse(B) admire(C) search(D) request




she wrote many other books. However, it was her first efforts that secured her prominence, and theAnne books are still read all around the world. Her novels have helped create a warm picture ofPrince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical play havebeen based on her tales, and today visitors scour the Island for locations described in the book.Prince Edward Islands special character. Several movies, a television series, and a musical play havebeen based on her tales, and today visitors scourthe Island forlocations described in the book.

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-



32/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

32

12. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Careful training is required to teach animals to perform tricks involvingnumbers.

(B) Animals cannot count more than one kind of object.(C) Of all animals, dogs and horses can count best.

(D) Although animals may be aware of quantities, they cannot actuallycount.

Progress Test. Passage OneAnimals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of waspalways provides fivenever four, never six caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young

have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human can

actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions withthe correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping theirhooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the

case of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can count only whenthe objects are present and only when the numbers involved are smallnot more than seven oreight. In lab experiments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any othertype. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innateinstincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioning

by trainers.

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of waspalways provides fivenever four, never six caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their young

have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human can


Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in the

case of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers.Animals can count only when

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities They know without analysis the difference be



33/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

33

13. Why does the author refer to Gilbert Whites bookin line 2?

(A) To show how attitudes have changed since 1786.(B) To contradict the idea that animals can count.

(C) To provide evidence that some birds are aware of quantities.(D) To indicate that more research is needed in this field.

Progress Test. Passage OneAnimals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-tween a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp

always provides five-never four, never six- caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their younghave something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human canactually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions withthe correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping theirhooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can count only whenthe objects are present and only when the numbers involved are smallnot more than seven oreight. In lab experiments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any othertype. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate

instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioningby trainers.

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-tween a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He




34/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

34

14. The word surreptitiously in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) quickly(B) secretly

(C) occasionally(D) stubbornly






Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-tween a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities They know without analysis the difference be-



35/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

35

15. The word abandon in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) vacate(B) rebuild

(C) move(D) guard






Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-tween a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single eggbutabandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp

= mengosongkan,

vacant , vacation



36/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

36

16. The word odd, as used in line 9, refers to which of the following?

(A) unusual numbers(B) numbers such as 1, 3, 5, and so on

(C) lucky numbers(D) numbers such as 2, 4, 6, and so on






always provides five-never four, never six- caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their younghave something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between oddand even numbers of food pieces.




37/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

37

17. The author mentions that all of the following are aware of quantities insome way EXCEPT

(A) plovers (C) caterpillars

(B) mice (D) wasps






Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference be-tween a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalistGilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aploversnest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type ofwasp





38/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

38

18. The word accounts in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) invoices(B) reasons

(C) reports(D) deceptions

Progress Test. Passage OneAnimals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp





These and similaraccounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human canactually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with

Animals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalistGilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aploversnest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type ofwasp


nest and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one He


39/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

39

19. According to information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likelyto occur as a result of animals intuitive awareness of quantity?

(A) a pigeon is more attracted by a box containing two pieces of food than bya box containing one piece.

(B) When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fingers.(C) When one of its four kittens crawls away, a mother cat misses it and

searches for the missing kittens.

(D) A lion follows one antelope instead of the herd of antelopes because it iseasier to hunt a single prey.

Progress Test. Passage One nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He

noted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of waspalways provides five-never four, never six- caterpillars for each of their eggs so that their younghave something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.


Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can count only when

the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are smallnot more than seven oreight. In lab experiments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any othertype. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them. Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innateinstincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioningby trainers.

have something to eat when the eggs hatch. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeonscan be taught to distinguish between odd and even numbers of food pieces.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to other

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsorsurvival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to other


When asked by its trainer how old it is, a monkeyholds up five fingers.??



40/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

40

Progress Test. Passage TwoAnimals have an intuitive awareness of quantities. They know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne(1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from aplovers nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. Henoted that other species of birds ignore the absence of a single egg but abandon their nests if morethan one egg has been removed. It has also been noted by naturalists that a certain type of wasp





Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected tosurvival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsorsurvival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can count only whenthe objects are present and only when the numbers involved are smallnot more than seven oreight. In lab experiments, animals trained to count one kind of object were unable to count any othertype. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them.Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate


20. How could the author probably characterize the people who are mentionedin line 10?

(A) As mistaken (C) As clever

(B) As demanding (D) As foolish

These and similar accounts have led some people to infer that creatures other than human canactually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with

P T P O



41/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

41

21. The word admittedly in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) improbably(B) arguably

(C) apparently(D) undeniably






other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them.Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate

instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioningby trainers

Check the words meaning in the context.admit = mengakui, admitted = diakui; admittedly =tak dapat disangkal. improbably = impossibly;

arguably = masih diperdebatkan; apparently =jelas terlihat. undeniably = tak dapat disangkal

P T t P O



42/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

42

22. In line 20, the word they refers to

(A) numbers(B) animals(C) achievements(D) genes






other type. The objects, not the numbers, are what interest them.Animals admittedly remarkableachievements simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor do they reveal more than innate

instincts, refined by the genes of successive generations, or the results of clever, careful conditioningby trainers

Pay attention to the structure:

Compound Sentences usingNOR

P T t P O

ese an s m ar accoun s ave e some peop e o n er a crea ures o er an uman canactually count They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions with


43/45

YosaA.Alzuhdy-U

NY

43

22. In line 20, the word they refers to (A) numbers(B) animals(C) achievements(D) genes

Progress Test. Passage Oneactually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to numerical questions withthe correct number of barks, or to horses that seem to solve arithmetic problems by stomping theirhooves the proper number of times.

Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survival as a species-as in thecase of the eggsor survival as individualsas in the case of food. There is no transfer to othersituations or from concrete reality to the abstract notion of numbers. Animals can count only when

the objects are present and only w

Pembahasan Reading Compre

Documents

Transcript of Pembahasan Reading Compre