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Pelton Wheel TurbineParts and working mechanism

Assigned By Mr. Shafquat Mehboob

Presented by M. Adnan (+923013693343) F.M. II (6th semester)

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Turbine

A machine which produce continuous power by rotation. Turbine

Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine

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Pelton Wheel Turbine

• Leston A pelton• Impulse Turbine• High Head

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Components

The Main Components Of Pelton Wheel Turbine are:-

1. Casing:-• Provided to avoid accidents and splashing of water• It has no hydraulic function• Minimize the wind losses

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Components

2. Penstock:-• A penstock is a gate or intake structure that controls water flow

3. Nozzle:-• Nozzle of a pelton wheel is a circular guide mechanism which guides the water to

flow at the desired directions.

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Components4. Spear Head Nozzle:-• A conical or spear needle operates inside the nozzle in axial direction. The main

purpose of the nozzle is to regulate the flow of water through nozzle.

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Components

5. Runner:-• Runner of a pelton wheel consists of circulating disc fixed with horizontal shaft. On

the periphery of the runner, a number of buckets are fixed at a uniform distance.6. Buckets:-• Bucket is a hemispherical cup or bowl with a divider in the middle. This divider is

known as splitter. It split the water jet in two equal parts. The surface of the bucket is made very smooth.

7. Shaft:-• It is horizontal and connected normally to the runner which produced mechanical

energy when jet of water impact on runner.

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Components

8. Braking Jet:-• It acts as a brake for reducing the speed of the runner.• To bring the runner to rest in short time, a small nozzle is provided in such a way

that it will direct the jet of water on the back of buckets.

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Components

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Working Principle

Impulse momentum law

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Working Mechanism

• The high speed water jets emerging form the nozzles strike the buckets at splitters, placed at the middle of a bucket.• From where jets are divided into two equal streams.• These stream flow along the inner curve of the bucket and leave it in the

direction opposite to that of incoming jet. • So these streams rotate the runner due to this shaft also rotates and it will

produce electricity• The high speed water jets running the Pelton Wheel Turbine are obtained by

expanding the high pressure water through nozzles. • The high pressure water can be obtained from any water body situated at some

height or streams of water flowing down the hills.

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Working Mechanism

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Governing Mechanism

• Demand of power may fluctuate over time. A governing mechanism which controls position of the spear head meets this requirement.• With lowering power demand the spear head at water inlet nozzle is

moved in. So that water flow rate is reduced. • If power demand increases spear head is moved out this will increase

the flow rate.

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Application

• It could also be used to measure the speed of a fluid, if connected to a dynamo meter, the speed of flow could be read via voltage. • Power Generation.

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