Pellagra Jamaica Phan Bio 200 March 6, 2012. What is it? -Pellagra is a systemic disease caused by...
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Transcript of Pellagra Jamaica Phan Bio 200 March 6, 2012. What is it? -Pellagra is a systemic disease caused by...
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PellagraJamaica Phan
Bio 200March 6, 2012
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What is it?-Pellagra is a systemic disease caused by vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency.-Tryptophan can be converted to niacin.
-There are two types:1. Primary Pellagra: Caused by the deficiency of niacin rich foods.2. Secondary Pellagra: This occurs when there is a sufficient amount
of niacin being taken in but something prevents the body from absorbing and processing the vitamin. Such as:
-liver cirrhosis-alcoholism-prolonged diarrhea
-Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency (dietary and not genetic).
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Functions and Needs of Niacin-Niacin is a member of the B-complex vitamins.-Water soluble (niacin is lost with diarrhea because of this).-Functions as either nicotinic acid or nicotinamide.-Extremely important for energy production.-Important for processing fats in the body.-Niacin is often used by the synthetic pathways in the cell.
-Adult RDA of Niacin:-14 to 16 milligrams per day
-Upper level of Niacin:-35 milligrams per day of the nicotinic acid form
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Symptoms of Pellagra-The symptoms can vary in intensity from person to person. -Symptoms may occur alone or in combination.-Known as the disease of the four “d’s” dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and death.-CNS symptoms: -psychosis, depression, paranoia, impaired consciousness.-Mucous membrane symptoms: -Mostly affects the mouth but can affect the vagina and urethra. Glossitis and stomatitis. -GI symptoms: -During early deficiency may include burning sensation of the pharynx and esophagus, and abdominal discomfort. Later symptoms include nausea and vomiting.-Skin Symptoms: -Includes skin rashes, lesions, and thickened skin
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Population Distribution“Pellagra is the only dietary deficiency disease ever to reach epidemic proportions in the United States” (Contemporary Nutrition pg. 313).
People at risk for Pellagra today:
-Rare in Western Societies-In the U.S., alcoholics are at risk.-Populations who use corn as a main source of energy.-Developing Countries-Common in India, Africa, and China-Does not show age or gender preferences
History in the United States:
-Existed in Europe for about two centuries before having any recognition in the U.S.-First reported in 1902-Occurred in huge epidemic proportions in the South.-Pellagra was at it’s peak in 1912.-There was an estimation of 25,000 cases of Pellagra since 1907 with a 40% mortality rate.
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Treatments of Pellagra-First step is prevention by eating foods rich with niacin (and tryptophan).
-Foods rich in niacin are poultry, beef, tuna, breakfast cereals, asparagus, coffee, yeast and other.
-Foods rich in tryptophan are milk, eggs and other.-Returning niacin and tryptophan (if needed) back to normal levels.
-Niacinamide given orally: 300 to 500 milligrams each day (with consultation with medical professional).
-Through injection:100 to 250 milligrams two to three time daily (with consultation with medical professional).-High protein diet supplemented with B-group vitamins are needed for complete recovery.-Skin lesions may be treated with topical emollients.-Caution: High amounts of Niacin is toxic to the body and can cause serious consequences.
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Three Day Breakfast Plan
mg
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Three Day Lunch Plan
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Three Day Dinner Plan
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Question Time
1. What are the two types of Pellagra?-Primary and Secondary
2. What are the four “D’s” of the Pellagra symptoms?
-diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death3. What is the adult RDA of Niacin?
-14 to 16 milligrams per day.
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Resources
Food Composition Table. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009. Print.
Johnson, Larry E. "Niacin: Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, and Toxicity: Merck Manual Professional." The
Merck Manuals. Merck Sharp & Dhome Corporation, Apr. 2007. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders/vitamin_deficien
cy_dependency_and_toxicity/niacin.html>.
"Pellagra." - Modern Medical Guide. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. <http://www.modernmedicalguide.com/pellagra/>.
"Pellagra." - Symptoms, Causes, Treatments. Health Grades Inc., 2 May 2011. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.bettermedicine.com/article/pellagra>.
Wardlaw, Gordon M., and Anne M. Smith. "Vitamins." Contemporary Nutrition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
312-315-476. Print.