PEF pilot project Decorative Paints - mpit.gov.pl · 1. PCR 2010:18 Version 1.0 for paints and...

PEF pilot project Decorative Paints

Preparatory document for discussion at the Steering Committee meeting (19-20th of May 2014) Prepared by the Technical Secretariat of the PEF pilot project for Decorative Paints 22 April 2014

PEF pilot Decorative Paints

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Table of content

Contents Table of figures ........................................................................................................................................ 3

List of acronyms....................................................................................................................................... 4

Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Chapter 1 – Overview of existing PCRs and environmental studies ....................................................... 6

1.1 PCR reviewed .......................................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Overview of the other reviewed documents ......................................................................... 6

1.3 Concerns regarding duplication of work in practice .............................................................. 7

Chapter 2 – PEFCR pilot project Goal and Scope .................................................................................... 8

2.1 Goals of the PEF pilot project ................................................................................................. 8

2.2 Products included in the scope of the PEFCR ........................................................................ 9

2.2.1 Sales volumes of decorative paints for year 2012........................................................... 9

2.2.2 Definition of the products included in the scope .......................................................... 10

2.2.3 Overview of products out of scope ............................................................................... 10

2.3 Unit of analysis & reference flow ......................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 What .............................................................................................................................. 11

2.3.2 How much ...................................................................................................................... 12

2.3.3 How long ........................................................................................................................ 12

2.3.4 How well ........................................................................................................................ 12

2.3.5 Reference flow .............................................................................................................. 13

2.4 System boundaries ............................................................................................................... 13

Chapter 3 - Representative product description for PEF decorative paints ......................................... 15

3.1 Representative products ...................................................................................................... 15

3.2 Bill of materials ..................................................................................................................... 16

Chapter 4 - Model for PEF decorative paints screening study .............................................................. 17

4.1 Step 1 - Upstream processes: Raw materials....................................................................... 17

4.2 Step 2 - Production: Deco paint production ........................................................................ 18

4.3 Step 3 - Distribution .............................................................................................................. 18

4.4 Step 4 - Use Phase: 4.1 Initial application and 4.2 repainting ............................................. 18

4.5 Step 5 - Waste handling: waste products / unused paint ................................................... 19

4.6 Step 6 - End of life: Decommissioning of building ............................................................... 19

Annex 1 - Decorative paint sector background ..................................................................................... 20

Annex 2 – DeCo Paints directive subcategories of paint ....................................................................... 22


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Table of figures

Table 1: Overview of existing documents .................................................................................. 6

Table 2: Overview of proposed products with Market share based on the CEPE market analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 9

Table 3: Unit of analysis .....................................................................Erreur ! Signet non défini. Table 4: Life cycle of decorative paints .................................................................................... 13

Table 5: Example of a bill of materials ..................................................................................... 16

Table 6: Value chain of decorative paints ................................................................................ 17


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List of acronyms AP Acidification Potential BOM Bill of Materials BRE Building Research Establishment B2B Business to Business B2C Business to Consumer CAS Chemical Abstracts Service CEN European Committee for Standardization CEN/TC European Committee for Standardization/Technical Committee CEPE The European Council for Paints, Printing Inks and Artists’ colors CPA Statistical classification of products by activity CPC Central Product Classification DeCo Decorative Coatings EC European Commission ELCD European Life Cycle Database EOL End-Of-Life EP Eutrophication Potential EPD Environmental Product Declaration EU European Union FDES Fiche de Déclaration Environnementale et Sanitaire GWP Global Warming Potential IBU Institut Bauen und Umwelt ILCD International Life Cycle Data System INIES INformations sur l’Impact Environnemental et Sanitaire ISO International Organization for Standardization LCA Life Cycle Assessment LCI Life Cycle Inventory LCIA Life Cycle Impact Assessment NACE Statistical classification of economic activities in the European

Community. ODP Ozone Depletion Potential PCR Product Category Rules PEF Product Environmental Footprint PEFCR Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules POCP Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential SC Steering Committee SIPEV Syndicat National des Industries des Peintures, Enduits et Vernis SME Small and Medium Enterprise TS Technical Secretariat VOC Volatile Organic Compounds


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Abstract This document is drafted in the framework of the PEF pilot project for Decorative paints. It aims at informing the members of the Steering Committee and the Technical Advisory Board of the progress made in the pilot project. It is composed of the following parts:

- Overview of existing PCRs and environmental studies - Description of the scope of the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules

(PEFCRs) - Description of the Representative Products - Description of the model for the PEF screening study

This document is a compilation of the documents that were presented at the stakeholder meeting which took place on the 6th of March 2014. The documents were updated following the discussions that took place in the meeting, and to take into account the written comments received during the public consultation period. The table summarizing all the written comments received is available as a separate document. Annex 1 provides background information on the paint industry and sustainability, as well as information on paints choice determinants.


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Chapter 1 – Overview of existing PCRs and environmental studies In total 61 documents have been reviewed:

Type of document # of documents

PCR 7

Environmental Assessment 13

Sectorial guidance document 11

Generic standards 12

Other 18 Table 1: Overview of existing documents

1.1 PCR reviewed

Three relevant PCRs were reviewed: 1. PCR 2010:18 Version 1.0 for paints and varnishes and related products (Int. EPD

system, ISO 14040/44 based) 2. PCR 2012:1.0 Version 1.0 for paints (UFON NANO-CHEMICAL CORP, ISO 14040/44

based) 3. PCR for Building-Related Products and Services - Part B Requirements on the EPD for

coatings with organic binders (IBU, EN15804 Based) An extensive review was made. The conclusions are:

• The three PCRs do not directly contradict each other, but they may have a different focus or scope.

• Paint specific PCRs v.s. PEF: No problems are expected in the way PEF would approach the specific paint value chain related elements.

1.2 Overview of the other reviewed documents

Environmental Assessment • EPDs (IBU) • FDES Documents (SIPEV/EVEA (INIES database)) • Environmental profile (BRE) • Category Sustainability Profile by Sustainability Consortium


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Sectorial guidance document • CEPE has already been quite active in this field and has provided a lot of guidance

documents including LCI models of coatings production and a large raw material database with the main raw materials for coatings production (See Annex 1 for additional information)

• Additionally document where from Nibe & Plastics Europe Generic standards & other documents

• A wide range of generic standard and other relevant document was reviewed which can deliver valuable input during the project

Overall conclusions: These documents have a strong link into the existing ISO14040/44 and EN15804 when it comes to LCA. Other documents will be used in the project when relevant

1.3 Concerns regarding duplication of work in practice A lot of EPDs based on ISO 14044 / EN15804 are already made within the coatings sector. PEF is envisioned to be much more prescriptive and detailed when it comes to assumption to follow. We expect that existing LCA studies used for EPDs will not be compatible with PEF. In order to recalculate an existing EPD to fulfil PEF requirements (a significant amount of) work is needed. The other way around, we expect that the Paint PEFCR based LCI & LCA data and models will also fulfil the EN15804 and ISO14040/44 LCA requirements. As the presentations of the final document are different per scheme (Impact categories, formatting, Additional data requirements not covered by LCA) we expect the need to develop and deliver multiple documents to the various stakeholders, unless there would be a mutual recognition procedure.


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Chapter 2 – PEFCR pilot project Goal and Scope According to the European Commission1: “The main aim of developing PEFCRs is to create consistent rules for the calculation of the environmental performance of products belonging to the same category. […] This calls for a functional approach (where the function or unit of analysis of the product) is essential. This approach also enables to link the product category with the CPA/NACE codes and is line with the definition of a product category by ISO 14025:2006 (i.e. a group of products that can fulfil equivalent functions). A too narrow (small) product category definition would results in a very large number of PEFCRs, in its extreme renders the PEFCRs meaningless. The boundaries must ensure that different products capable of fulfilling the same need(s) may be compared against each other and therefore belong to the same product category. Unless duly justified, the granularity shall not be larger than three digit CPA code.”

2.1 Goals of the PEF pilot project As part of the Environmental Footprint pilot phase, the pilot on decorative paints aims to test2:

• A process for the development of Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR). These are the product group rules for calculating Product Environmental Footprints;

• The development of a "product benchmark" for the product group of decorative paints;

• The application of PEFCRs to concrete cases; • Different compliance and verification systems, in order to set up such systems in an

proportionate, effective and efficient way; • How to communicate life cycle environmental performance information to various

target audiences (e.g. PEF information through business-to-business and business-to consumer communication tools; information in sustainability reporting) in collaboration with stakeholders.

Additional objectives of the technical secretariat for the decorative paints are to:

• Be consistent to the extent possible with existing norms in the construction industry • Take into account to the extent possible other standards widely used in the LCA

community, such as ISO standards.

1 Guidance for the implementation of the EU PEF during the EF pilot phase - Version 3.4, page 17

2 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/Call_volunteers_2w.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/Call_volunteers_2w.pdf


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2.2 Products included in the scope of the PEFCR The decorative paints PEFCR will cover four commonly used types of decorative paints.

2.2.1 Sales volumes of decorative paints for year 2012 CEPE is composed of national associations, present in 16 European countries. CEPE represents about 800 paint producers, reaching about 80 % of the EU 28 market. CEPE collects sales volumes of decorative paints via its members on an annual basis to follow market trends and to monitor the ratio of waterborne and solvent-borne paints after the implementation of the Paint Directive 2004/ 42/ EC. The collection of statistics is based on the definition of products made in annex 1 of the Paint Directive 2004/ 42/ EC. Collecting statistics using the exact categories of the directive would violate the confidentiality of company data, products of similar composition were combined. A combined overview of the categories of the Paint Directive, proposed products and volume in the EU can be found in table 2 below.

Name Paint Directive 2004/ 42/ EC Volume EU market

a) ‘matt coatings for interior walls and ceilings'

b) ‘glossy coatings for interior walls and ceilings'

Joint share : 58%

c) ‘coatings for exterior walls of mineral substrate' 19%

d) ‘interior/exterior trim and cladding paints for wood, metal or plastic'

7%

e) ‘interior/exterior trim varnishes and woodstains'

Joint share: 3%

f) ‘minimal build woodstains'

g) ‘primers' Joint share: 13% h) ‘binding primers'

i) ‘one-pack performance coatings'

j) ‘two-pack performance coatings'

k) ‘multicoloured coatings'

l) ‘decorative effect coatings' Table 2: Overview of proposed products with Market share based on the CEPE market analysis

Categories a) to d) represent 84% of the market volume. The way paints in categories e) to l) perform (e.g. corrosion protection and transparent coatings) is quite specific. Including them would result in too many different functional units to manage within the scope of the PEF pilot, and we potentially would need to create additional PEFCRs. As the goal of the EU Pilot is to get one PEFCR and not many, the technical secretariat has decided to limit itself to these categories. The remaining 16% can be studied or checked against the PEFCR developed after the PEF Pilot.


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2.2.2 Definition of the products included in the scope The definitions of the categories should be seen as standalone definitions. They are sourced from Annex I of the directive 2004/42 (the complete annex can be found in Annex 2 of this document) a) ‘matt coatings for interior walls and ceilings' means coatings designed for application to indoor walls and ceilings with a degree of gloss ˜ 25@60°. b) ‘glossy coatings for interior walls and ceilings' means coatings designed for application to indoor walls and ceilings with a degree of gloss > 25@60o. c) ‘coatings for exterior walls of mineral substrate' means coatings designed for application to outdoor walls of masonry, brick or stucco; d) ‘interior/exterior trim and cladding paints for wood, metal or plastic' means coatings designed for application to trim and cladding which produce an opaque film. These coatings are designed for either a wood, metal or a plastic substrate. This subcategory includes undercoats and intermediate coatings; The relevant CPA/NACE codes are: C - Manufacturing C20.3 - Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics C20.3.0 - Manufacture of paints, varnishes and similar coatings, printing ink and mastics F - Construction F43.3.4 - Painting and glazing

2.2.3 Overview of products out of scope To clarify what is in scope, the following products are explicitly excluded (non-exhaustive list):

i. Construction-related deco paint product groups (as defined in 2004/42 EC) e) ‘interior/exterior trim varnishes and woodstains' means coatings designed for application to trim which produce a transparent or semi-transparent film for decoration and protection of wood, metal and plastics. This subcategory includes opaque woodstains. Opaque woodstains means coatings producing an opaque film for the decoration and protection of wood, against weathering, as defined in EN 927-1, within the semi-stable category; f) ‘minimal build woodstains' means woodstains which, in accordance with EN 927-1:1996, have a mean thickness of less than 5μm when tested according to ISO 2808: 1997, method 5A; g) ‘primers' means coatings with sealing and/or blocking properties designed for use on wood or walls and ceilings;


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h) ‘binding primers' means coatings designed to stabilise loose substrate particles or impart hydrophobic properties and/or to protect wood against blue stain; i) ‘one-pack performance coatings' means performance coatings based on film-forming material. They are designed for applications requiring a special performance, such as primer and topcoats for plastics, primer coat for ferrous substrates, primer coat for reactive metals such as zinc and aluminium, anticorrosion finishes, floor coatings, including for wood and cement floors, graffiti resistance, flame retardant, and hygiene standards in the food or drink industry or health services; j) ‘two-pack performance coatings' means coatings with the same use as one-performance coatings, but with a second component (e.g. tertiary amines) added prior to application; k) ‘multicoloured coatings' means coatings designed to give a two-tone or multiple-colour effect, directly from the primary application; l) ‘decorative effect coatings' means coatings designed to give special aesthetic effects over specially prepared pre-painted substrates or base coats and subsequently treated with various tools during the drying period.

ii. Other products that could cover substrates. For example:

• Wooden and metal cladding, • Wall paper, • Paintings & posters • Plasters • Tiles • Etc.

iii. Paints that are not intended for construction. For example:

• Furniture paints • Artists’ colors • Printing inks • Etc.

2.3 Unit of analysis & reference flow The unit of analysis has to be described as what / how much / how well / how long according to the PEF guide.

2.3.1 What The function is to provide decoration and protection of a substrate.


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2.3.2 How much Coverage of 1m² of substrate.

2.3.3 How long To take into account the degradation of the paint layer in time, leading to the need of repainting, and the difference in the frequency of repainting between different quality levels of paint, the technical secretariat has agreed to look at the lifetime of substrate, in this case the lifetime of the building, and not the lifetime of the paint layer only.

It was agreed to take 60 years as a basis, and to have a sensitivity analysis with a durability of the building of 50 or 70 years. The design life of the product will be compared to the lifetime of the building to define the repaint cycles. The quantity of paint needed for the whole lifetime of the building will be used as a reference flow.

2.3.4 How well With a 98% opacity. This parameter may not be the optimal one. It may be adjusted following the discussions on the design life (see below). Two types of life will be considered in the case of decorative coatings. The design life. This corresponds to the time the coating could stay on the wall while still providing both its decorative and protective functions. This is the prescribed method according to the PEF guide3. There is no standard available to assess the durability of a paint. The technical secretariat proposes to use typical characteristics of paints as a proxy to determine this design life. Different things are expected from indoor paints and outdoor paints, leading to two different proxies to evaluate the design life:

• Indoor paint – the design life of the paint will be derived from wet scrub resistance classes, defined by ISO 13300*.

• Outdoor paint – the design life of the paint will be derived from weatherability classes, defined by EN 11507*.

3 In the “Guidance for the implementation of the EU PEF during the EF pilot phase - Version 3.4”, in annex B, point 7.6 (page 46), it is indicated: “The lifetime shall be determined according to verifiable technical performance and should not be related to other alike parameters (e.g. if a paint can technically last 10 years, the lifetime to consider is 10 years even if the sector knows that users paint their home every other 5 years. However, for transparency reasons, a reference to scenarios that are considered to be close to real use (e.g. inform that a repaint is expected by the average user pattern every 5 years) should be made,”


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* Design life standards are currently subject to review by the technical secretariat. These standards might need to be adjusted or updated as the tests are also related to the substrate (mineral or wood). The technical secretariat is currently drafting a correspondence table linking design life to the proxies. A proposal will be made and tested in the PEF screening study. The actual use pattern, based on user behavior, corresponds to the average in between repaints in reality. The design life (linked to the technical performance) is not the only parameter to take into account: moving into a new house, consumer trends or repainting cycles defined by maintenance companies play a major role in repaint patterns. The technical secretariat will collect statistics on average user behavior to be able to review the differences between the design life and the actual use patterns. This additional information will be presented in the PEF screening study.

2.3.5 Reference flow The reference flow is: the amount of paint needed to cover 1 m² of a specified substrate for 60 years at a certain specified quality level. The specified quality level is variable and will be based on opacity and durability of the paint. The exact reference flows per formulation will be calculated and provided in the PEF screening study (see section 3.2).

2.4 System boundaries The following chart represents the life cycle of decorative paints.

Table 3: Life cycle of decorative paints


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Steps 1-5 (including relevant sub-processes which are currently not visualized) of table 4 will be included in the screening process. The two manufacturing processes for decorative paints will be included: solvent borne paint manufacturing and waterborne paint manufacturing. The impact of auxiliary products like brushes, packaging etc. will also be assessed. More information on the assumptions made can be found in chapter 4, model for PEF screening. Step 6 “Decommissioning of the building” will be excluded from the screening as:

• The paint represents only a small percentage of the global weight of the building at the end of life.

• The coating applied on the substrate does not have an impact on the end of life treatment of the decommissioned building materials.

• The paint industry does not have any influence on the end of life of a building.

• The type of coating applied on the substrate does not have an impact on the end of life treatment of the decommissioned building materials: different types of paints would not lead to different end of life treatment of the building.

• In the literature review conducted, the decommissioning of the building was never mentioned as a relevant aspect of the paint value chain.


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Chapter 3 - Representative product description for PEF decorative paints

According to the European Commission4 “Once the scope of the PEFCR has been agreed, the Technical Secretariat shall develop a “model” of the representative product existing in the EU market and belonging to the product category at hand. The “representative product” may or may not be a real product that is sold on the market. Especially when the market is made up of different technologies, the “representative product” may be a virtual (non-existing) product with the average sales weighted characteristics of all technologies around. On the other hand, e.g. if the market and technical information is incomplete, the Technical Secretariat may decide to choose a real product that would represent ‘the representative’. The Technical Secretariat should document all the steps taken to define the “representative product” model and report the information gathered taking the most appropriate measure to preserve the confidentiality of data (when this is needed).”

3.1 Representative products In order to thoroughly test the PEFCR for its applicability to the product portfolio of decorative paints, CEPE proposes to include the following products in the screening study: Indoor

Number Formulation name Substrate Type category

1 Indoor mat white wall paint Mineral Waterborne a

2 Indoor mat colored wall paint Mineral Waterborne a

3 Indoor silk glossy wall paint Mineral Waterborne b

4 Indoor trim paint Wood Waterborne d

Outdoor

Number Formulation name Substrate Type category

5 Outdoor mineral white wall paint Mineral Waterborne c

6 Outdoor trim paint Wood Solventborne d

These six products also give a good spread concerning the main choice-determinants of a decorative paint5: coverage of indoor and outdoor paints, white and colored paints,



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applicable to a mineral or a wooden substrate, waterborne and solventborne paints. The four categories of products defined in the scope of the PEFCR are also well represented, with at least one product per category, and sometimes more to investigate more parameters.

3.2 Bill of materials The paint market consists of different levels of quality. To ensure that most paints are covered by the PEFCR, it has been agreed to look at three formulations for each of the six representative products. The complete bill of materials will be provided for the screening study, and included in the screening study report. An example of formulations is given below (please note: this formulation is probably not going to be used exactly as such for the screening study)

Product type Quality level

INDOOR WHITE MATT PAINT High Medium Low

CAS number Chemical Substances % % %

2634-33-5 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2h)-one 0,03 0,03 0,03

55965-84-9 5-chloro-2-methyl-2h-isothiazol-3-one [no.ce 247-500-7]; 2-methyl-2h-isothiazol-3-one [no. Ce 220-239-6] (3:1)

0,001 0,001 0,001

1310-73-2 Sodium hydroxyde - 0,10 0,02

57-55-6 Propylene glycol 0,60 - -

61791-28-4 Alcool,tallow, ethoxylated 0,01 0,01 0,01

6846-50-0 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobytyrate

1,00 1,00 1,00

124-68-5 2-amino-2-methylpropanol 0,08 0,08 -

92704-41-1 Kaolin, calcined 11,60 - -

471-34-1 Calcium carbonate 7,90 48,30 56,17

61827-42-7 Isodecanol, ethoxylated 0,02 0,03 0,03

13463-67-7 Titanium dioxide 23,20 8,00 2,00

Thickener 0,30 0,30 0,30

Water 35,26 37,65 38,09

Styrene/acrylic copolymer 20,00 4,50 2,35

100,00 100,00 100,00

Table 4: Example of a bill of materials

As can be seen in this example, the formulations can include different raw materials, as well as different quantities of the same material. For the screening, all ingredients will be included, but not impurities. The screening results could indicate that some ingredients can be cut off. Sensitivity analyses will be run to analyse the impact of the colorants and the additives. The packaging will also be included in the bill of materials. See chapter 4 for more information.

5 The choice determinants are described in annex 1


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Chapter 4 - Model for PEF decorative paints screening study According to the European Commission6 The “representative product” model report should include the following elements: - Bill of materials (BOM) or if more suitable, ingredients; - A flow diagram (system boundaries) covering the entire life cycle; - Assumptions related to transportation systems; - Assumptions related to use scenario (if relevant); - Assumptions related to End of Life (if relevant). Indoor and outdoor paints have a similar value chain as shown in table 6 below. A description for each of the steps of the value chain, as well as the key assumptions and drivers for each of these steps can be found below.

Table 5: Value chain of decorative paints

4.1 Step 1 - Upstream processes: Raw materials CEPE has created a raw materials database prior to the PEFCR project. It consists of over 260 coatings raw materials. After taking the data quality requirements into account it is envisioned that this database will be used as the background data for the PEF screening study.



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4.2 Step 2 - Production: Deco paint production

CEPE has created Life Cycle Inventory models for the decorative paints production prior to the PEFCR project. These models will be used in the PEFCR Screening (with a review to include PEF missing elements like capital goods). The screening study will take a closer look at the tinting systems. In the screening step, all types of packaging will be included, even secondary packaging. The following split will be applied, based on market representativity:

- Indoor / outdoor wall paint = plastic can (products 1,2,3,5) - Trim / wood paint = metal can (products 4,6)

A variation in packaging size will also be done.

4.3 Step 3 - Distribution

After the paint is produced and packed it will either be shipped to a warehouse / distribution center, or directly shipped to the user. The PEF calculation will be done for the longest possible value chain: transportation from the factory to a warehouse, to a DIY shop, and then to the painting location. A sensitivity analysis will be done to check if the intermediate stops between the production site and the end user have a big impact. 3.1 Distribution center / warehouse – optional step The typical modes of transport and typical distances travelled for the transport of paint will be used for this step. The warehouse will be modelled as a standard warehouse as the specific safety and environmental considerations required for the storage of paint would not be expected to have a high impact compared to a regular warehouse. 3.2 Professional painters shop and 3.3 DIY shop The paint is then shipped in smaller portions (sometime together with other articles) to professional shops (business to Business market) and DIY (Do It Yourself - Business to consumers market) shops.

4.4 Step 4 - Use Phase: 4.1 Initial application and 4.2 repainting When painting, the key considerations are: the surface that needs to be covered, how thick each layer of paint is and the number of layers which need to be applied to get a certain coverage level. During the application there can be some direct emissions of VOCs (solvents), and sometimes use of electricity (spray painting). After a number of years the inhabitant will hire somebody to repaint the surface or do it himself, based on trends, taste, quality of the paint layer, and the protective function of the paint.


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Four scenarios will be drafted: - Indoor wall paint (products 1,2,3) - Outdoor wall paint (product 5) - Waterborne trim paint (product 4) - Solventborne trim paint (product 6)

As described in section 2.3.3, the repaint scenarios will be based on a lifetime of the building of 60 years.

4.5 Step 5 - Waste handling: waste products / unused paint During the use phase paint is either applied or becomes waste. A lot of people also save some paint in their shed in order to make touch-ups. Depending on the country there are different systems for left-over paint, empty cans and used paint auxiliary products (like brushes). Based on currently available European data, approximately 10% of paint is left-over in the can. This assumption will be used in the PEF screening study. Precise statistics on the fate (end of life handling) of left-over paints are not available. Getting precise statistics would be very time consuming and not manageable within the timing of this project. The technical secretariat has decided to use the worst case end of life treatment: “100% left-overs in landfill”, in opposition to also having a percentage of paint used for energy recovery, for the screening to see if it is a hotspot or not. If it proves to be an important hot spot, a more detailed analysis could follow to draft a more realistic downstream scenario.

4.6 Step 6 - End of life: Decommissioning of building The dried coating is typically not scraped off the building material before the decommissioning of the whole building. The fate of the dried coating is then the same as the fate of the building material. As indicated in section 2.4, the technical secretariat estimates that the impact of the end of life of the paint compared to the impact of the end of life of the substrate is negligible. Additionally, the difference of impact between the different types of paints would be minimal, making this parameter not relevant to our product category.


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Annex 1 - Decorative paint sector background 1. Motivation of the decorative paint sector

The Decorative paint-producers of Europe are participating in the pilot project on Product Environmental Footprint to demonstrate that relevant and robust footprint criteria can be delivered and communicated so that consumers or professionals that purchase decorative paints can distinguish between various environmental grades of decorative paints. Additionally the decorative coatings sector is seeking to create an industry methodology for product footprints (PEFCR) to be used across Europe, in order to lower the compliance efforts by companies and facilitate the communication towards end costumers

2. Description and choice-determinants of decorative paints

The paints for which the decorative paint industry proposes to define footprint criteria comprise the so called decorative or architectural paints. These paints are applied on-site, where a building or a house is located, as differentiated from paints that are applied on production lines. The main choice-determinants for decorative paints are (on top of economic considerations):

- Indoor / outdoor use - Type of substrate (mineral / wood / metal / plastic) - Colour (taste and trend) - Efficacy (m2 / kg or litre) - Decorative performance (color; aesthetics) - Technical performance (protection level, durability)

Typical examples of substrates to be painted, indoor or outdoor, are: walls ceilings; floors; window frames; doors, radiators etc. A first application of paint is done on a virgin (untreated) substrate. Subsequent layers are typically applied on top of the previous layers, with or without a sanding operation prior to the application of the fresh layer. Subsequent layers will be applied when:

- For both types, the decorative performance has deteriorated: the coating has become soiled or marked and needs to be refreshed.

- For exterior paints, the protective function has deteriorated. - For interior paints, the paint is deteriorated or the inhabitant wishes to change to a

new color (trend), or moves into a new house.


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3. Existing work within the Coatings Industry

During the last years, more and more questions regarding EPDs and life cycle information were addressed to the coatings industry. In 2010, the coating companies, joined in CEPE, have decided to take serious action in this field and created the sustainability task force in order to determine the industry’s stance on sustainability and work harmoniously on environmental issues. The Sustainability Taskforce has drafted a Sustainability charter mentioning Life Cycle Thinking: “CEPE members will be encouraged in future to also identify and analyse the broader environmental effects of their products (carbon footprint, water usage etc.) over the product’s Life Cycle (from cradle to grave).” Since 2010 CEPE has run an ambitious program to map the value chain and enable members to make calculations on the life cycle of their products. CEPE has developed a Life Cycle Inventory (Emissions profile) database which includes around 300 raw materials that are used in coatings production, and the three main production processes to make a coating/paint. CEPE has also developed an Eco footprint tool that performs LCI calculations via a simple web interface in order to help CEPE members to calculate and communicate environmental information. As harmonization between the coatings companies has been one of the main goals of the current work, the PEF pilot project was a logical step to continue working on alignment of LCI calculations.


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Annex 2 – DeCo Paints directive subcategories of paint

ANNEX I of the DIRECTIVE 2004/42/CE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 21 April 2004

For the purposes of this Directive, paints and varnishes means products listed in the subcategories below, excluding aerosols. They are coatings applied to buildings, their trim and fittings, and associated structures for decorative, functional and protective purpose.

- 1.1. Subcategories: a) ‘matt coatings for interior walls and ceilings' means coatings designed for application to indoor walls and ceilings with a degree of gloss ˜ 25@60°. b) ‘glossy coatings for interior walls and ceilings' means coatings designed for application to indoor walls and ceilings with a degree of gloss > 25@60o. c) ‘coatings for exterior walls of mineral substrate' means coatings designed for application to outdoor walls of masonry, brick or stucco; d) ‘interior/exterior trim and cladding paints for wood, metal or plastic' means coatings designed for application to trim and cladding which produce an opaque film. These coatings are designed for either a wood, metal or a plastic substrate. This subcategory includes undercoats and intermediate coatings; e) ‘interior/exterior trim varnishes and woodstains' means coatings designed for application to trim which produce a transparent or semi-transparent film for decoration and protection of wood, metal and plastics. This subcategory includes opaque woodstains. Opaque woodstains means coatings producing an opaque film for the decoration and protection of wood, against weathering, as defined in EN 927-1, within the semi-stable category; f) ‘minimal build woodstains' means woodstains which, in accordance with EN 927-1:1996, have a mean thickness of less than 5μm when tested according to ISO 2808: 1997, method 5A; g) ‘primers' means coatings with sealing and/or blocking properties designed for use on wood or walls and ceilings; h) ‘binding primers' means coatings designed to stabilise loose substrate particles or impart hydrophobic properties and/or to protect wood against blue stain; i) ‘one-pack performance coatings' means performance coatings based on film-forming material. They are designed for applications requiring a special performance, such as primer and topcoats for plastics, primer coat for ferrous substrates, primer coat for reactive metals such as zinc and aluminium,


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anticorrosion finishes, floor coatings, including for wood and cement floors, graffiti resistance, flame retardant, and hygiene standards in the food or drink industry or health services; j) ‘two-pack performance coatings' means coatings with the same use as one-performance coatings, but with a second component (e.g. tertiary amines) added prior to application; k) ‘multicoloured coatings' means coatings designed to give a two-tone or multiple-colour effect, directly from the primary application; l) ‘decorative effect coatings' means coatings designed to give special aesthetic effects over specially prepared pre-painted substrates or base coats and subsequently treated with various tools during the drying period.

PEF pilot project Decorative Paints - mpit.gov.pl · 1. PCR 2010:18 Version 1.0 for paints and...

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