Peerto Peer File Sharing
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Transcript of Peerto Peer File Sharing
Peer to Peer File SharingKatherine WhelanCopyright, Commerce and CultureFall 2009
Napster Inc.
•1999•Shawn Fanning
•Sharing Files▫Centralized
network•15,000 users in first week
RIAA vs. Napster Inc.
Recording Industry Association of America
Free trade of copyrighted material
Assisting in illegal file transfers
2.79 Billion Violations
Zero Tolerence
Artists Speak Out…
“dr.dre said-”
•Dr. Dre and Metallica against P2P▫“Common
Theives”•Limp Bizkit supporting P2P▫Napster
sponsoring LB’s tour
Kazaa and Grokster•Early 2000s•Used new model
▫No centralized network▫Reduced Liability
•Overseas▫Try to avoid U.S.
Copyright Laws•Grokster shut down in
2005 for encouraging the sharing of illegal files.
Sharing Models - Napster
Sharing Models – Kazaa and Grokster
P2P Technology and Record SalesPositive Negative
• Top Artist of 2008 only sold 3 million records in comparison to 30 million in 1998
• $12.5 Billion in losses• Loss of Jobs
• Before iPod it encouraged CD purchases
• Today it encourages concert tickets and merchandise purchases
• Gives the listeners the right to choose which songs are “worthy”
Positive Affects
•Remixing▫Garl Talk▫Mashups
•Parodies▫Weird Al
•Sharing other files besides music
“…allows them to ignore all the other extraordinarily creative and productive uses of this technology, which the “war on piracy” will also make impossible.”
– Lawrence Lessig
ControversyThe Entertainment Industry and Copyright Law Culture and Creativity
• P2P infringes owners’ rights
• Loss of profit• Without profit and
protection creativity will decline▫ No Motivation to
continue
• Copyright law is delaying creativity
• Copyright law is controlling the way artists/distributors get paid
• Paying for songs would deter innovators
• We will never see the full potential of computing
Changes in what Copyright Protects
Past Present
• 18th Century• Physical Copy of Books• To Promote thought,
expansion of culture and creativity
• “usemonopoly”▫ Owner completely
controls work has almost unlimited rights Fair use works case by
case and is very unclear▫ This monopoly is now
restricting culture
Inflicting Fear• RIAA going after the
individual• Students, Parents and
Employers being notified of P2P risks
• Spring of 2003 four college students paid between $12,500 to $17,000 each in settlements
• Parents were at risk for what their kids were sharing
• Employers at risk for what their employees were sharing
Inflicting Fear
Joel Tenenbaum Lawsuit• August of 2009• Admitted to downloading
and Sharing 30 songs through Kazaa
• Settled at 22,500 per song▫ That’s a grand total of
675,000 30 songs for free or a
nice house…• Argued Fair Use
▫ Private enjoyment Judge explained it was
too broad
Dutch Government Advocates P2P•January 2009•Report found P2P
technology is now a “good-thing.”
•those who download are more likely to attend concerts, and purchase CDs than those who don’t
New Online Models
Future Business Model• EFF has proposed a
potential business model
• Keep the “all-you-can-eat” model
• Pay small monthly fee ($5-$10)
• Free from copyright infringement risks
• Money distributed to artists depending on popularity
Works Consulted• Barlow, John. “The Economy of Ideas.” 1993-2003. Web. 7 Nov 2009.
• <http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/economy.ideas_pr.html>.
• Bauwens, Michel. "P2P and Human Evolution: Placing Peer to Peer Theory in an Integral Framework, Michel Bauwens." Integral World : Exploring Theories of Everything. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.integralworld.net/bauwens2.html>.
• Coronado, Kristin. "Napster Ordered to Log Off." ProQuest. Richmond Newspapers, 28 July 2000. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=57348747&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&&cfc=1>.
• "Dangers of file sharing programs such as Limewire |." UNC-Chapel Hill Help and Support. 30 Mar. 2009. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. <http://help.unc.edu/6428>.
• "Economy Profits From File-Sharing, Report Concludes | TorrentFreak." TorrentFreak | Torrent News, Torrent Sites and the latest Scoops. 19 Jan. 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://torrentfreak.com/economy-profits-from-file-sharing-report-concludes-090119/>.
• "File Sharing: Pros and Cons for Independent Artists - ArtistshouseMusic." Artists House Music: A learning resource for music and the music business. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. <http://www.artistshousemusic.org/videos/file+sharing+pros+and+cons+for+independent+artists>.
• Good Copy, Bad Copy. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.goodcopybadcopy.net/>.
• Harvey, Fiona. "Employers Need to Keep Their Eyes and Ears Open." ProQuest. Financial Times Ltd., 13 Apr. 2004. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=617967551&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&>.
• Healy, Jon. "An opportunity missed to apply 'fair use' to file sharing | Opinion L.A. | Los Angeles Times." Opinion L.A. | Joe Lieberman, Medicare expansion and healthcare reform | Los Angeles Times. LA Times, 7 Dec. 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2009/12/an-opportunity-missed-to-apply-fair-use-to-file-sharing.html>.
• Helprin, Mark. “A Great Idea Lives Forever. Shouldn’t Its Copyright?.” New York Times 20May 2007. Web. 8 Nov 2009.
• <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/20/opinion/20helprin.html?_r=1>.
• Henderson, Mark. "IT for UM." Benefits and Consequences to Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Spring (2004). Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.oit.umd.edu/ITforUM/2004/Spring/Marks/CIOsMessage.pdf>.
• "Kazaa Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia." Technology Product Reviews, News, Prices & Downloads | PCMag.com | PC Magazine. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. <http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=Kazaa&i=45734,00.asp>.
• Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.
• Lethem, Jonathan. “The Ecstasy of Influence: A Plagiarism.” Harpers Magazine Feb. 2007: Web. 8 Nov 2009.
• <http://www.harpers.org/archive/2007/02/0081387>.
• Litman, Jessica. "Exclusive Right to Read." U-M Personal World Wide Web Server. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jdlitman/papers/read.htm>.
• Mennecke, Thomas. "Slyck News - Grokster Launches Fear Campaign." Slyck.com - File Sharing, Digital Media and Tech News. 2 Jan. 2006. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.slyck.com/story1047_Grokster_Launches_Fear_Campaign>.
• Moody, Glyn. "Why Creativity needs Shorter Copyright Terms." Web log post. 9 Oct. 2009. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://opendotdotdot.blogspot.com/2009/10/why-creativity-needs-shorter-copyright.html>.
• MusicUnited.org. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.musicunited.org/>.
• Patry, William. Copyright Law and Practice. Bureau of National Affairs Inc., 2000
• Riedel, Sarah. "A Brief History of Filesharing: From Napster to Legal Music Downloads -." Associated Content - associatedcontent.com. 24 Feb. 2006. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/20644/a_brief_history_of_filesharing_from.html?cat=15>.
• Silverthorne, Sean. "Music Downloads: Piratesor Customers? HBS Working Knowledge." HBS Working Knowledge - Faculty Research at Harvard Business School. 21 June 2004. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. <http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/4206.html>.
• Smith, Seagrumn. "FROM NAPSTER TO KAZAA: THE BATTLE OVER PEER-TO-PEER FILESHARING GOES INTERNATIONAL." Duke University School of Law. 28 Mar. 2003. Web. 12 Dec. 2009. <http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/dltr/articles/2003dltr0008.html>.
• Tehranian, John. “INFRINGEMENT NATION: COPYRIGHT REFORM AND THE LAW/NORM GAP.” Web. 7 Nov 2009.
• <http://www.epubs.utah.edu/index.php/ulr/article/view/7/11>.
• United States. Congress. Web. 14 Dec. 2009. <http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html>.