Peer Review Report Phase 2

8/13/2019 Peer Review Report Phase 2

1/138

LIANBI CA^WH AK T^BKUVB^GKEZ BKD G]EMBKLG

AC JKCA^HBTJAK CA^ TB] VW^VAUGU

Vggr ^gvjgw ^gpartVmbsg >Jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg Utbkdbrdjk Vrbetjeg

MAKL OAKL, EMJKB


2/138


3/138

Lianbi Caruhak Trbkspbrgkey

bkd Gxembklgac Jkcarhbtjak car Tbx

Vurpasgs Vggr ^gvjgws0Makl Oakl, Emjkb

>625VMBUG >0

JHVIGHGKTBTJAK AC TMG UTBKDB^D JK V^BETJEG

Kavghngr >625(rgcigetjkl tmg iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro

bs bt Bulust >625)


4/138

Tmjs waro js punijsmgd ak tmg rgspaksjnjijty ac tmg Ugergtbry-Lgkgrbi ac tmg AGED.

Tmg apjkjaks gxprgssgd bkd brluhgkts ghpiaygd mgrgjk da kat kgegssbrjiy rgciget

tmg accjejbi vjgws ac tmg AGED ar ac tmg lavgrkhgkts ac jts hghngr eauktrjgs ar

tmasg ac tmg Lianbi Caruh ak Trbkspbrgkey bkd Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak car Tbx

Vurpasgs.

Tmjs daeuhgkt bkd bky hbp jkeiudgd mgrgjk brg wjtmaut prg`udjeg ta tmg stbtus ac

ar savgrgjlkty avgr bky tgrrjtary, ta tmg dgijhjtbtjak ac jktgrkbtjakbi craktjgrs bkd

naukdbrjgs bkd ta tmg kbhg ac bky tgrrjtary, ejty ar brgb.

JUNK :-34->632>-6 (prjkt)JUNK :-34->6325-< (VDC)

Ugrjgs0 Lianbi Caruh ak Trbkspbrgkey bkd Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak car Tbx Vurpasgs Vggr ^gvjgwsJUUK >>2:-43=2 (prjkt)JUUK >>2:-43:] (akijkg)

Earrjlgkdb ta AGED punijebtjaks hby ng caukd ak ijkg bt0 www.aged.arl/punijsmjkl/earrjlgkdb.

AGED >625

Zau ebk eapy, dawkiabd ar prjkt AGED eaktgkt car yaur awk usg, bkd yau ebk jkeiudg gxegrpts crah AGED

punijebtjaks, dbtbnbsgs bkd huitjhgdjb praduets jk yaur awk daeuhgkts, prgsgktbtjaks, nials, wgnsjtgs bkdtgbemjkl hbtgrjbis, pravjdgd tmbt sujtbnig beokawigdlhgkt ac AGED bs saureg bkd eapyrjlmt awkgr js ljvgk.

Bii rgqugsts car punije ar eahhgrejbi usg bkd trbksibtjak rjlmts smauid ng sunhjttgd ta rjlmtsFaged.arl.^gqugsts car pgrhjssjak ta pmataeapy partjaks ac tmjs hbtgrjbi car punije ar eahhgrejbi usg smbii ng bddrgssgd

djrgetiy ta tmg Eapyrjlmt Eigbrbkeg Egktgr (EEE) bt jkcaFeapyrjlmt.eahar tmg Egktrg crbkbjs dgxpiajtbtjak du

drajt dg eapjg (ECE) bteaktbetFeceapjgs.eah.

Vigbsg ejtg tmjs punijebtjak bs0

AGED (>625),Lianbi Caruh ak Trbkspbrgkey bkd Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak car Tbx Vurpasgs Vggr

^gvjgws0 Makl Oakl, Emjkb >6250 Vmbsg >0 Jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg Utbkdbrd jk Vrbetjeg, AGED

Vunijsmjkl.

mttp0//dx.daj.arl/26.2


5/138

VGG^ ^GSJG\ ^GVA^T VMBUG > MAKL OAKL, EMJKB AGED >625

TBNIG AC EAKTGKTU 5

Tbnig ac Eaktgkts

Bnaut tmg Lianbi Caruh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Gxgeutjvg Uuhhbry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Eahpijbkeg wjtm tmg Utbkdbrds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >5

B. Bvbjibnjijty ac Jkcarhbtjak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >5

Avgrvjgw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >5B.2. Awkgrsmjp bkd jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >7B.>. Beeauktjkl rgeards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 MAKL OAKL, EMJKB AGED >625

4 TBNIG AC EAKTGKTU

Uuhhbry ac Dgtgrhjkbtjaks bkd Cbetars Wkdgriyjkl ^geahhgkdbtjaks. . . .2>2

Bkkgx 20 @urjsdjetjaks ^gspaksg ta tmg ^gpart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2>0 Ijst ac Bii Gxembklg-ac-Jkcarhbtjak Hgembkjshs jk Careg . . . . . . 256Bkkgx 50 Ijst ac Bii Ibws, ^gluibtjaks bkd Atmgr ^gigvbkt Hbtgrjbi . . . . . . .25>

Bkkgx 40 Ijst ac Butmarjtjgs Jktgrvjgwgd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254


7/138


BNAWT TMG LIANBI CA^WH 7

Bnaut tmg Lianbi Caruh

Tmg Lianbi Caruh ak Trbkspbrgkey bkd Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak car TbxVurpasgs js tmg huitjibtgrbi crbhgwaro wjtmjk wmjem waro jk tmg brgb ac tbxtrbkspbrgkey bkd gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak js ebrrjgd aut ny avgr 2>6 ùrjsdje-tjaks, wmjem pbrtjejpbtg jk tmg Lianbi Caruh ak bk gqubi caatjkl.

Tmg Lianbi Caruh js embrlgd wjtm jk-dgptm hakjtarjkl bkd pggr rgvjgw actmg jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg jktgrkbtjakbi stbkdbrds ac trbkspbrgkey bkd gxembklgac jkcarhbtjak car tbx purpasgs. Tmgsg stbkdbrds brg prjhbrjiy rgcigetgd jk tmg>66> AGED Hadgi Blrgghgkt ak Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak ak Tbx Hbttgrsbkd jts eahhgktbry, bkd jk Brtjeig >3 ac tmg AGEDHadgi Tbx Eakvgktjak akJkeahg bkd ak Ebpjtbibkd jts eahhgktbry bs updbtgd jk >664. Tmg stbkdbrdsmbvg bisa nggk jkearparbtgd jkta tmg WKHadgi Tbx Eakvgktjak.

Tmg stbkdbrds pravjdg car jktgrkbtjakbi gxembklg ak rgqugst ac cargsggbniyrgigvbkt jkcarhbtjak car tmg bdhjkjstrbtjak ar gkcareghgkt ac tmg dahgstje tbxibws ac b rgqugstjkl pbrty. Cjsmjkl gxpgdjtjaks brg kat butmarjsgd nut bii carg-

sggbniy rgigvbkt jkcarhbtjak hust ng pravjdgd, jkeiudjkl nbko jkcarhbtjakbkd jkcarhbtjak mgid ny cjduejbrjgs, rglbrdigss ac tmg gxjstgkeg ac b dahgstjetbx jktgrgst.

Bii hghngrs ac tmg Lianbi Caruh, bs wgii bs ùrjsdjetjaks jdgktjcjgd ny tmgLianbi Caruh bs rgigvbkt ta jts waro, brg ngjkl rgvjgwgd. Tmjs praegss js ukdgr-tbogk jk twa pmbsgs. Vmbsg 2 rgvjgws bssgss tmg qubijty ac b ùrjsdjetjaks iglbibkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro car tmg gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak, wmjig Vmbsg > rgvjgwsiaao bt tmg prbetjebi jhpighgktbtjak ac tmbt crbhgwaro. Uahg Lianbi Caruhhghngrs brg ukdgrlajkl eahnjkgd Vmbsg 2 bkd Vmbsg > rgvjgws. Tmg Lianbi

Caruh mbs bisa put jk pibeg b praegss car suppighgktbry rgparts ta caiiaw-up akrgeahhgkdbtjaks, bs wgii bs car tmg aklajkl hakjtarjkl ac ùrjsdjetjaks caiiawjkltmg eakeiusjak ac b rgvjgw. Tmg uitjhbtg labi js ta mgip ùrjsdjetjaks ta gccgetjvgiyjhpighgkt tmg jktgrkbtjakbi stbkdbrds ac trbkspbrgkey bkd gxembklg ac jkcarhb-tjak car tbx purpasgs.

Bii rgvjgw rgparts brg punijsmgd akeg bdaptgd ny tmg Lianbi Caruh.

Car harg jkcarhbtjak ak tmg waro ac tmg Lianbi Caruh ak Trbkspbrgkey bkdGxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak car Tbx Vurpasgs, bkd car eapjgs ac tmg punijsmgd rgvjgwrgparts, pigbsg rgcgr ta www.aged.arl/tbx/trbkspbrgkeybkd www.gaj-tbx.arl.
http://www.oecd.org/tax/transparencyhttp://www.eoi-tax.org/http://www.eoi-tax.org/http://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency


8/138


9/138


G]GEWTJSG UWHHB^Z 66: ta 56 @ukg >62>).

>. Makl Oakl js b hbàr jktgrkbtjakbi cjkbkejbi egktrg bkd b mjlmiydgvgiapgd geakahy. Jt js bk jhpartbkt saureg ac tmg Vgapigs ^gpunije acEmjkb (VÊ)s cargjlk djrget jkvgsthgkt jkc iaw. Makl Oakl mbs bk jktglrbtgdkgtwaro ac jkstjtutjaks bkd hbrogts, wmjem pravjdg b wjdg rbklg ac praduetsbkd sgrvjegs ta iaebi bkd jktgrkbtjakbi eustahgrs bkd jkvgstars. Bs suem, MaklOakl mbs nggk suppartjvg ac gccarts ny tmg jktgrkbtjakbi eahhukjty ta pra-hatg trbkspbrgkey jk tbx bdhjkjstrbtjak. Jk >667, Makl Oakl eahhjttgd tatmg jktgrkbtjakbiiy blrggd stbkdbrd car jktgrkbtjakbi gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak(GAJ) jk tbx hbttgrs.

5. Jk Cgnrubry >66:, tmg Cjkbkejbi Ugergtbry ac Makl Oakl bkkaukegdtmg Lavgrkhgkts dgejsjak ta put carwbrd igljsibtjvg bhgkdhgkts ta ijcttmg dahgstje tbx jktgrgst rgqujrghgkt. Tmg igljsibtjvg bhgkdhgkts ebhgjkta apgrbtjak jk Hbrem >626 bkd gkbnigd Makl Oakls eahpgtgkt butmar-jty ta beegss jkcarhbtjak car GAJ purpasgs wjtmaut b dahgstje tbx jktgrgst.Caiiawjkl tmjs igljsibtjvg bhgkdhgkt, Makl Oakl mbs betjvgiy saulmt taupdbtg bkd gxtgkd jts GAJ kgtwaro, sjlkjkl >3 blrgghgkts ar prataeais

jkearparbtjkl tmg jktgrkbtjakbiiy blrggd stbkdbrd car GAJ. Jk bddjtjak, MaklOakl mbs 26 trgbty kglatjbtjaks jk vbrjaus stblgs ac pralrgss. Makl Oaklbutmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt tmgy mbvg nggk jk eaktbet wjtm bppraxjhbtgiy 24 atmgrùrjsdjetjaks, jkeiudjkl AGED hghngrs, L>6 hghngrs bkd hbàr trbdjklpbrtkgrs, ta gxpiarg tmg passjnjijty ac eahhgkejkl trgbty kglatjbtjaks wjtm bkgxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak brtjeig ta tmg jktgrkbtjakbiiy blrggd stbkdbrd.

4. Makl Oakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro lgkgrbiiy gksurgs tmbtbeeurbtg, bdgqubtg bkd rgbsakbniy eurrgkt jkcarhbtjak eakegrkjkl iglbi awk-grsmjp bkd eaktrai ac eahpbkjgs, pbrtkgrsmjps, bkd trusts js hbjktbjkgd jk

Makl Oakl. Nbko jkcarhbtjak bkd beeauktjkl rgeards, jkeiudjkl ukdgriyjkl


10/138


= G]GEWTJSG UWHHB^Z

daeuhgktbtjak, brg bisa rgqujrgd ta ng hbjktbjkgd. Mawgvgr, sahg jhpravg-hgkts brg kggdgd ta Makl Oakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro ta gksurggccgetjvg GAJ, katbniy wjtm rgspget ta tmg bvbjibnjijty ac awkgrsmjp bkdjdgktjty jkcarhbtjak ac awkgrs ac smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr, eahpbkjgs wmgrg

smbrgs brg mgid ny kahjkggs, bkd prjvbtg gxprgss trusts wjtm rgspget ta wmjem btrustgg js rgsjdgkt jk Makl Oakl. \jtm rgspget ta smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr, tmgkgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, wmjem mbs nggk gkbetgd ak 26 Bulust >62> nut jskat ygt jk apgrbtjak, rgpgbis tmg pawgr ac b eahpbky ta jssug tmgsg wbrrbkts.

7. Eahpijbkeg wjtm bii gktjtjgs anijlbtjaks ta hbjktbjk awkgrsmjp,beeauktjkl bkd nbkojkl jkcarhbtjak js hakjtargd ny tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkugDgpbrthgkt, tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry bkd atmgr punije butmarjtjgs, suem bs tmgMakl Oakl Hakgtbry Butmarjty bkd tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Eahhjssjak.Ubketjaks brg sgt bt tmg bppraprjbtg igvgi ta gksurg eahpijbkeg wjtm jkcar-

hbtjak oggpjkl rgqujrghgkts bkd suem sbketjaks brg rgluibriy gkcaregd jkprbetjeg. Beeardjkl ta tmg cggdnbeo rgegjvgd crah Makl Oakls GAJ pbrtkgrs,ka jssugs mbvg brjsgk wjtm rgspget ta antbjkjkl awkgrsmjp, beeauktjkl arnbkojkl jkcarhbtjak durjkl tmg tmrgg-ygbr pgrjad ukdgr rgvjgw.

3. Bs b rgsuit ac tmg igljsibtjvg bhgkdhgkts ta tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkugArdjkbkeg jk >626, Makl Oakls tbx butmarjtjgs mbvg gxtgksjvg pawgrs tabeegss nbko, awkgrsmjp, jdgktjty bkd beeauktjkl rgeards bnsgkt b dahgstjetbx jktgrgst bkd mbvg hgbsurgs ta eahpgi tmg praduetjak ac suem jkcarhb-tjak car GAJ purpasgs. Car tmg tmrgg blrgghgkts sjlkgd ngcarg tmg pbssblg ac

tmgsg bhgkdhgkts, Makl Oakl rgqujrgs b dahgstje tbx jktgrgst jk tmg hbttgrjk ardgr ta gxgrejsg tmgsg pawgrs. Makl Oakls eahpgtgkt butmarjty rgpartstmbt jt mbs nggk jk eaktbet wjtm tmgsg ùrjsdjetjaks ak b kuhngr ac aeebsjaksjk ardgr ta updbtg tmg rgspgetjvg blrgghgkts jk ijkg wjtm tmg stbkdbrd. MaklOakl mbs ka dahgstje ibw rgstrjetjaks nbsgd ak dubi erjhjkbijty ar nbkosgergey ruigs. ^jlmts bkd sbcglubrds (g.l. katjcjebtjak, bppgbi rjlmts) jk MaklOakl da kat rgstrjet ar dgiby gccgetjvg GAJ jk prbetjeg.

: daunig tbxbtjak eakvgktjaks (DTEs),>3 ac wmjem hggt tmg jktgrkbtjakbiiy blrggd stbkdbrd. Twgkty-twa ac Makl OaklsDTEs tmbt hggt tmg stbkdbrd brg eurrgktiy jk careg. Tmg rbtjcjebtjak praegss carakg bddjtjakbi DTE tmbt hggts tmg stbkdbrd mbs nggk eahpigtgd jk Makl Oakl.

=. Makl Oakl mbs sjlkgd blrgghgkts tmbt hggt tmg jktgrkbtjakbi stbkd-brd wjtm gjlmt ac jts hast sjlkjcjebkt trbdjkl pbrtkgrs, sgvgk ac wmjem brgjk careg, bkd mbs sjlkgd blrgghgkts wjtm b kuhngr ac atmgr geakahjebiiysjlkjcjebkt ùrjsdjetjaks. Uahg ùrjsdjetjaks mbvg bpprabemgd Makl Oaklak b kuhngr ac aeebsjaks ta kglatjbtg tbx jkcarhbtjak gxembklg blrgghgkts(TJGBs) wjtmaut sueegss, bs Makl Oakl wbs bt tmbt tjhg ukbnig ta gktgr

jkta suem blrgghgkts. Makl Oakls ibws mbvg nggk bhgkdgd rgegktiy bkd


11/138


G]GEWTJSG UWHHB^Z :

kaw biiaw car tmg gstbnijsmhgkt ac TJGBs. Bs b rgsuit, Makl Oakl js kawjk b pasjtjak ta kglatjbtg bkd gktgr jkta TJGBs wjtm jts rgigvbkt pbrtkgrs. Jtjs rgeahhgkdgd tmbt Makl Oakl da sa gxpgdjtjausiy bkd gksurg tmbt bii jtsrgigvbkt GAJ pbrtkgrs mbvg beegss ta cuii gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak.

:. Makl Oakl mbs lbjkgd prbetjebi gxpgrjgkeg wjtm gxembkljkl jkcarhb-tjak avgr tmg ygbrs. Hast ac tmg GAJ rgqugsts rgegjvgd ny Makl Oakl ta dbtgmbvg eahg crah Makl Oakls hbjk trbdjkl pbrtkgr, tmg VÊ. Ljvgk tmg gktryjkta careg ac b kuhngr ac GAJ blrgghgkts jk rgegkt ygbrs, jkeiudjkl GAJ blrgg-hgkts wjtm hbàr trbdjkl pbrtkgrs, bkd tmg eaktjkugd gxpbksjak ac Makl OaklsGAJ kgtwaro, tmg kuhngr ac jkeahjkl GAJ rgqugsts mbs stbrtgd ta jkergbsg.

26. Makl Oakls eahpgtgkt butmarjty js wgii prgpbrgd ta dgbi wjtm jkergbs-jkl dghbkd bkd mbs bdgqubtg rgsauregs ta gxembklg jkcarhbtjak gccgetjvgiy.Tmgrg js b succjejgkt kuhngr ac pracgssjakbi stbcc wjtm eigbr rgspaksjnjijty car

praegssjkl rgqugsts bkd rgtrjgvjkl ar antbjkjkl tmg rgqugstgd jkcarhbtjak. Tmgstbcc hghngrs bisa passgss tmg rgqujsjtg gxpgrtjsg bkd mbvg ukdgrlakg trbjk-jkl spgejcje ta jktgrkbtjakbi GAJ. Eahprgmgksjvg lujdgijkgs mbvg nggk jssugdeavgrjkl bii rgigvbkt stgps jk tmg GAJ praegss. Caiiawjkl tmg gktry jkta caregac tmg kgw igljsibtjak, Makl Oakls paijejgs bkd prbetjegs wjtm rgspget ta tmgtghparbi seapg ac bppijebtjak ac trgbtjgs mbvg nggk bdùstgd ta hggt tmg jktgr-kbtjakbi stbkdbrds.

22. Jkputs rgegjvgd crah Makl Oakls pggrs eakcjrh tmbt Makl OaklsGAJ prbetjegs brg bdgqubtg bkd tmgy eaksjdgr Makl Oakl ta ng bk gccjejgkt

bkd ea-apgrbtjvg pbrtkgr. Aut ac 32 jkeahjkl rgqugsts ak djrget tbxbtjak hbt-tgrs rgegjvgd crah 2 @uiy >66: ta 56 @ukg >62>, Makl Oakl bkswgrgd . Makl Oakl mbs nggk bssjlkgd b rbtjkl2car gbem ac tmg 26 gssgktjbigighgkts bs wgii bs bk avgrbii rbtjkl. Tmg rbtjkls car tmg gssgktjbi gighgktsbrg nbsgd ak tmg bkbiysjs jk tmg tgxt ac tmg rgpart, tbojkl jkta beeaukt tmg

Vmbsg 2 dgtgrhjkbtjaks bkd bky rgeahhgkdbtjaks hbdg jk rgspget ac MaklOakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro bkd tmg gccgetjvgkgss ac jts gxembklgac jkcarhbtjak jk prbetjeg. Ak tmjs nbsjs, Makl Oakl mbs nggk bssjlkgd tmgcaiiawjkl rbtjkls0 Eahpijbkt car gighgkts B.5, N.2, N.>, E.5, E.4 bkd E.7,Ibrlgiy Eahpijbkt car gighgkts B.> bkd E.2 bkd Vbrtjbiiy Eahpijbkt car gig-hgkts B.2 bkd E.>. Jk vjgw ac tmg rbtjkls car gbem ac tmg gssgktjbi gighgktstbogk jk tmgjr gktjrgty, tmg avgrbii rbtjkl car Makl Oakl js Ibrlgiy Eahpijbkt.

2. Tmjs rgpart rgcigets tmg iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro bs bt tmg dbtg jkdjebtgd ak

pblg 2 ac tmjs punijebtjak. Bky hbtgrjbi embklgs ta tmg ejreuhstbkegs bccgetjkl

tmg rbtjkls hby ng jkeiudgd jk Bkkgx 2 ta tmjs rgpart.


12/138


26 G]GEWTJSG UWHHB^Z

25. B caiiaw up rgpart ak tmg stgps ukdgrtbogk ny Makl Oakl ta bkswgrtmg rgeahhgkdbtjaks hbdg jk tmjs rgpart smauid ng pravjdgd ta tmg V^Lwjtmjk twgivg haktms ac tmg bdaptjak ac tmjs rgpart.


13/138


JKTÂDWETJAK 22

Jktraduetjak

Jkcarhbtjak bkd hgtmadaialy usgd car tmg pggr rgvjgw ac Makl Oakl,Emjkb

24. Tmg bssgsshgkt ac tmg iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro ac Makl Oaklbkd tmg prbetjebi jhpighgktbtjak bkd gccgetjvgkgss ac tmjs crbhgwaro wbsnbsgd ak tmg jktgrkbtjakbi stbkdbrds car trbkspbrgkey bkd gxembklg ac jkcar-hbtjak bs dgserjngd jk tmg Lianbi Caruhs Tgrhs ac ^gcgrgkeg ta Hakjtar bkd^gvjgw Vralrgss Tawbrds Trbkspbrgkey bkd Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak CarTbx Vurpasgs, bkd wbs prgpbrgd usjkl tmg Lianbi CaruhsHgtmadaialy carVggr ^gvjgws bkd Kak-Hghngr ^gvjgws.

27. Tmg bssgsshgkt mbs nggk eakduetgd jk twa stblgs0 Vmbsg 2, ebrrjgdaut jk >622, bkd Vmbsg >, ebrrjgd aut jk >625.

23. Tmg >622 Vmbsg 2 ^gpart ac Makl Oakl, wmjem wbs bdaptgd bkd pun-ijsmgd ny tmg Lianbi Caruh jk Aetangr >622, wbs nbsgd ak tmg ibws, rgluibtjaks,bkd GAJ hgembkjshs jk careg ar gccget bs bt 2: Bulust >622, atmgr hbtgrjbissuppijgd ny Makl Oakl, bkd jkcarhbtjak suppijgd ny pbrtkgr ùrjsdjetjaks.

2 bssgsshgkt iaaogd bt tmg prbetjebi jhpighgktbtjak acMakl Oakls iglbi crbhgwaro, bs wgii bs bky bhgkdhgkts hbdg ta tmg iglbibkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro sjkeg tmg Vmbsg 2 rgvjgw. Tmg bssgsshgkt wbsnbsgd ak tmg ibws, rgluibtjaks, bkd GAJ hgembkjshs jk careg ar gccget bs bt2: Bulust >625. Jt bisa rgcigets Makl Oakls rgspaksgs ta tmg Vmbsg 2 bkd

Vmbsg > qugstjakkbjrgs, atmgr jkcarhbtjak, gxpibkbtjaks bkd hbtgrjbis sup-pijgd ny Makl Oakl durjkl bkd bctgr tmg Vmbsg > ak-sjtg vjsjt tmbt taao pibegjk Makl Oakl crah 7 ta < Hbrem >625 bkd jkcarhbtjak suppijgd ny pbrtkgr

ùrjsdjetjaks. Durjkl tmg ak-sjtg vjsjt, tmg bssgsshgkt tgbh hgt wjtm accjejbisbkd rgprgsgktbtjvgs ac Makl Oakls Jkibkd ^gvgkug Dgpbrthgkt, CjkbkejbiUgrvjegs bkd tmg Trgbsury Nurgbu, Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Accjeg, Eahpbkjgs^gljstry, Dgpbrthgkt ac @ustjeg, Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Eahhjssjak, MaklOakl Hakgtbry Butmarjty, Tmg Ibw Uaejgty ac Makl Oakl, tmg Makl OaklJkstjtutg ac Egrtjcjgd Vunije Beeauktbkts, Makl Oakl Trustggs Bssaejbtjakbkd Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg ac Embrtgrgd Ugergtbrjgs. B ijst ac bii tmasg jktgr-

vjgwgd durjkl tmg aksjtg vjsjt js bttbemgd ta tmjs rgpart bt Bkkgx 4.


14/138


2> JKTÂDWETJAK

2=. Tmg caiiawjkl bkbiysjs rgcigets tmg Vmbsg 2 bkd Vmbsg > bssgss-hgkts ac tmg iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro ac Makl Oakl jk gccget bs bt2: Bulust >625 bkd tmg prbetjebi jhpighgktbtjak bkd gccgetjvgkgss ac tmjscrbhgwaro durjkl tmg tmrgg-ygbr rgvjgw pgrjad ac 2 @uiy >66: ta 56 @ukg >62>.

2:. Tmg Tgrhs ac ^gcgrgkeg nrgbo dawk tmg stbkdbrds ac trbkspbrgkeybkd gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak jkta 26 gssgktjbi gighgkts bkd 52 gkuhgr-btgd bspgets ukdgr tmrgg nrabd ebtglarjgs0 (B) bvbjibnjijty ac jkcarhbtjak?(N) beegss ta jkcarhbtjak? bkd (E) gxembkljkl jkcarhbtjak. Tmjs rgvjgwbssgssgs Makl Oakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro bkd tmg jhpighgktb-tjak bkd gccgetjvgkgss ac tmjs crbhgwaro blbjkst tmgsg gighgkts bkd gbem actmg gkuhgrbtgd bspgets. Jk rgspget ac gbem gssgktjbi gighgkt b dgtgrhjkbtjakjs hbdg rglbrdjkl Makl Oakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro tmbt gjtmgr0(j) tmg gighgkt js jk pibeg, (jj) tmg gighgkt js jk pibeg nut egrtbjk bspgets ac tmg

iglbi jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg gighgkt kggd jhpravghgkt, ar (jjj) tmg gighgkt jskat jk pibeg. Tmgsg dgtgrhjkbtjaks brg beeahpbkjgd ny rgeahhgkdbtjaks carjhpravghgkt wmgrg rgigvbkt. Jk bddjtjak, ta rgciget tmg Vmbsg > eahpakgkt,rgeahhgkdbtjaks brg hbdg eakegrkjkl Makl Oakls prbetjebi bppijebtjak acgbem ac tmg gssgktjbi gighgkts bkd b rbtjkl ac gjtmgr0 (j) eahpijbkt, (jj) ibrlgiyeahpijbkt, (jjj)pbrtjbiiy eahpijbkt, ar (jv) kak-eahpijbkt js bssjlkgd ta gbemgighgkt. Bk avgrbii rbtjkl js bisa bssjlkgd ta rgciget Makl Oakls avgrbiiigvgi ac eahpijbkeg wjtm tmg stbkdbrds.

>6. Tmg Vmbsg 2 bkd Vmbsg > bssgsshgkts wgrg eakduetgd ny tgbhs eah-

prjsjkl gxpgrt bssgssars bkd rgprgsgktbtjvgs ac tmg Lianbi Caruh Ugergtbrjbt.Car tmg Vmbsg 2 bssgsshgkt, tmgsg wgrg0 Hs. Bjsijkk \biwyk ac tmg BustrbijbkTbxbtjak Accjeg? Hs. Thgb Naro ac tmg Muklbrjbk Djvjsjak ac JktgrkbtjakbiTbxbtjak? bkdHr. Utgwbrt Nrbkt crah tmg Lianbi Caruh Ugergtbrjbt. Jk tmgVmbsg > bssgsshgkt, tmg bssgsshgkt tgbh eahprjsgd Hs. Bjsijkk \biwyk actmg Bustrbijbk Tbxbtjak Accjeg? Hs. Thgb Naro ac tmg Muklbrjbk Djvjsjakac Jktgrkbtjakbi Tbxbtjak? bkd Hs. ^gkbtb Tgjxgjrb crah tmg Lianbi CaruhUgergtbrjbt.

>2. Tmg rbtjkls bssjlkgd jk tmjs rgpart wgrg bdaptgd ny tmg Lianbi Caruhjk Kavghngr >625 bs pbrt ac b eahpbrbtjvg gxgrejsg dgsjlkgd ta gksurg tmgeaksjstgkey ac tmg rgsuits. Bk gxpgrt tgbh ac bssgssars wbs sgigetgd ta pra-

pasg rbtjkls car b rgprgsgktbtjvg sunsgt ac 76 ùrjsdjetjaks. Eaksgqugktiy, tmgbssgsshgkt tgbhs tmbt ebrrjgd aut tmg Vmbsg 2 bkd Vmbsg > rgvjgws wgrg katjkvaivgd jk tmg bssjlkhgkt ac rbtjkls. Tmgsg rbtjkls mbvg nggk eahpbrgd wjtmtmg rbtjkls bssjlkgd ta atmgr ùrjsdjetjaks car gbem ac tmg gssgktjbi gighgkts tagksurg b eaksjstgkt bkd eahprgmgksjvg bpprabem.


15/138


JKTÂDWETJAK 25

Avgrvjgw ac Makl Oakl, Emjkb

>>. Makl Oakl js b Upgejbi Bdhjkjstrbtjvg ^gljak ac tmg Vgapigs^gpunije ac Emjkb (VÊ). Caiiawjkl Nrjtjsm ruig crah 2=4> ta 2::5. Makl Oakl js iaebtgd ak tmg sautm-gbstgrk tjp ac Emjkb bkd eavgrsMakl Oakl Jsibkd, Ibktbu Jsibkd, tmg Oawiaak Vgkjksuib bkd tmg KgwTgrrjtarjgs, jkeiudjkl >3> autiyjkl jsibkds. Makl Oakl mbs bk brgb ac 2 266squbrg ojiahgtrgs bkd b papuibtjak ac bppraxjhbtgiy < hjiijak.>Makl Oakljs akg ac tmg hast dgksgiy papuibtgd pibegs jk tmg warid. Tmg ibkd papuibtjakdgksjty staad bt 3 4=6 pgrsaks pgr squbrg ojiahgtrg jk >626 bkd rghbjkgd bt

sjhjibr igvgis jk >62>. Vgapig ac Emjkgsg dgsegkt eahprjsg tmg vbst hbàrjtyac tmg papuibtjak, wjtm cargjlk kbtjakbis eahprjsjkl 7%. Gklijsm bkd Emjkgsgbrg Makl Oakls accjejbi ibklublgs. Tmg Ebktakgsg djbiget js tmg hast eah-hakiy spaogk vgrsjak ac Emjkgsg jk tmg tgrrjtary.

>4. Makl Oakls geakahy js embrbetgrjsgd ny crgg trbdg, iaw tbxbtjak bkdhjkjhuh lavgrkhgkt jktgrvgktjak. Jt js tmg warids :tmibrlgst trbdjkl geakahyjk hgrembkdjsg trbdg jk >62>, wjtm tmg VÊ bs jts hast sjlkjcjebkt trbdjklpbrtkgr. Jk >62>, Makl Oakls atmgr hbàr trbdjkl pbrtkgrs wgrg, jk ardgr acsjlkjcjebkeg0 tmg Wkjtgd Utbtgs, @bpbk, Emjkgsg Tbjpgj, Ujklbparg, tmg gpunije ac

Oargb, Jkdjb, Lgrhbky, Tmbjibkd, Hbibysjb, tmg Wkjtgd Ojkldah, Uwjtzgribkd,Sjgtkbh, Crbkeg, Jtbiy, tmg Wkjtgd Brbn Ghjrbtgs, tmg Kgtmgribkds, tmgVmjijppjkgs, Bustrbijb bkd Ngiljuh. 5 Makl Oakls lrass dahgstje praduet (LDV)wbs MOD > 646 njiijak (GW^ >62.4 njiijak) jk >62>. Tmg Makl Oakl daiibr(MOD) js Makl Oakls eurrgkey. Bs bt >6 Bprji >625, MOD 26.258 GW^ 2.4

Lgkgrbi jkcarhbtjak ak iglbi systgh bkd tmg tbxbtjak systgh

>7. Makl Oakls iglbi systgh js nbsgd ak tmg ruig ac ibw bkd tmg jkdg-pgkdgkeg ac tmg ùdjejbry. Tmg eakstjtutjakbi crbhgwaro js pravjdgd ny tmg

Nbsje Ibw. TmgNbsje Ibwwbs gkbetgd ny tmg Kbtjakbi Vgapigs Eaklrgss jkbeeardbkeg wjtm tmg Eakstjtutjakac tmg VÊ. Jt js bojk ta b hjkj-eakstjtutjakcar Makl Oakl. Jt wbs prahuilbtgd ak 4 Bprji 2::6 bkd taao gccget ak 2 @uiy2::< ak tmg trbkscgr ac savgrgjlkty avgr Makl Oakl crah tmg Wkjtgd Ojkldahta tmg VÊ. Bii tmg systghs bkd paijejgs prbetjsgd jk Makl Oakl brg nbsgd ak

>. Utbtjstjes Makl Oakl, www.egkstbtd.lav.mo/maklQoaklQstbtjstjes/stbtjstjesQnyQ

sun`get/jkdgx.`sp, beegssgd >> @ukg >622.

5. Makl Oakls Vrjkejpbi Trbdjkl Vbrtkgrs jk >62>, www.tjd.lav.mo/gklijsm/

trbdgQrgibtjaks/hbjkibkd/trbdg.mthi, beegssgd ak >7 @uiy >625.

4. www.xg.eah/, beegssgd >6 Bprji >625.
http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsphttp://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsphttp://www.tid.gov.hk/english/trade_relations/mainland/trade.htmlhttp://www.tid.gov.hk/english/trade_relations/mainland/trade.htmlhttp://www.xe.com/http://www.xe.com/http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/trade_relations/mainland/trade.htmlhttp://www.tid.gov.hk/english/trade_relations/mainland/trade.htmlhttp://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsphttp://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsp


16/138


24 JKTÂDWETJAK

tmg pravjsjaks ac tmgNbsje Ibw. Tmgsg jkeiudg tmg saejbi bkd geakahje sys-tghs? tmg systgh car sbcglubrdjkl tmg cukdbhgktbi rjlmts bkd crggdahs ac jtsrgsjdgkts? tmg gxgeutjvg, igljsibtjvg bkd ùdjejbi systghs? bkd rgigvbkt paijejgs.

Ka ibw gkbetgd ny tmg igljsibturg ac Makl Oakl hby eaktrbvgkg tmgNbsje Ibw.

>3. Wkdgr tmgNbsje Ibw, bii tmg ibws prgvjausiy jk careg jk Makl Oakl(tmbt js, tmg eahhak ibw, ruigs ac gqujty, ardjkbkegs, sunardjkbtg igljsib-tjak bkd eustahbry ibw) brg hbjktbjkgd, sun`get ta bky bhgkdhgkt ny MaklOakls igljsibturg, gxegpt car bky tmbt eaktrbvgkg tmg Nbsje Ibw. Kbtjakbiibws ac tmg VÊ brg kat bppijgd jk Makl Oakl gxegpt car b kuhngr ac suemibws rgibtjkl ta dgcgkeg bkd cargjlk bccbjrs, wmjem brg ijstgd jk Bkkgx JJJ tatmgNbsje Ibw.

>=. Tmg Nbsje Ibw mbs tmg mjlmgst stbtus jk tmg mjgrbremy ac ibw acMakl Oakl. Wkdgr Brtjeig 2< ac tmg Nbsje Ibw, Makl Oakl js vgstgd wjtmigljsibtjvg pawgr. Ibws gkbetgd ny tmg igljsibturg ac Makl Oakl hust ngrgpartgd ta tmg Utbkdjkl Eahhjttgg ac tmg Kbtjakbi Vgapigs Eaklrgss carrgeard. Wkdgr Brtjeig :. Wkdgr Brtjeig 25(5) ac tmgNbsje Ibw, tmg Egktrbi Vgapigs Lavgrkhgktbutmarjsgs Makl Oakl ta eakduet rgigvbkt gxtgrkbi bccbjrs ak jts awk jkbeeardbkeg wjtm tmg Nbsje Ibw. Wkdgr Brtjeig 272, Makl Oakl hby, ak jtsawk, eakeiudg bkd jhpighgkt blrgghgkts wjtm cargjlk stbtgs bkd rgljaks bkdrgigvbkt jktgrkbtjakbi arlbkjsbtjaks jk brgbs jkeiudjkl tmg geakahje, trbdg,cjkbkejbi bkd hakgtbry, smjppjkl, eahhukjebtjaks, taurjsh, euiturbi bkdsparts cjgids. Ak tmjs nbsjs, Makl Oakl hby eakeiudg blrgghgkts wjtm cargjlkstbtgs bkd rgljaks ak tmg bvajdbkeg ac daunig tbxbtjak.


17/138


JKTÂDWETJAK 27

56. Tmg hbàr eaurts jk Makl Oakl jkeiudg tmg Hbljstrbtgs Eaurts,tmg Djstrjet Eaurt (jkeiudgs tmg Cbhjiy Eaurt), tmg Mjlm Eaurt (eahprjsgstmg Eaurt ac Cjrst Jkstbkeg bkd tmg Eaurt ac Bppgbi) bkd tmg Eaurt ac CjkbiBppgbi wmjem js tmg mjlmgst bppgiibtg eaurt jk Makl Oakl. Tmg ùdjejbry js

rgspaksjnig car tmg bdhjkjstrbtjak ac ùstjeg jk Makl Oakl. Jt mgbrs bii pras-geutjaks bkd ejvji djsputgs (jkeiudjkl tbx djsputgs).

Tmg tbx systgh

52. Tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkeg (Ebp.22>) lavgrks tmg tbxbtjak acjkdjvjdubis, earparbtjaks, pbrtkgrsmjps, saig-praprjgtarsmjps ar trustggs,wmgtmgr jkearparbtgd ar ukjkearparbtgd. Tmjs ardjkbkeg pravjdgs car tmgigvyjkl ac tmrgg sgpbrbtg djrget tbxgs jk Makl Oakl0 pracjts tbx, sbibrjgstbx, bkd prapgrty tbx. Tmg stbkdbrd tbx rbtg js 27% car sbibrjgs tbx, prapgrtytbx, bkd pracjts tbx car ukjkearparbtgd nusjkgssgs, wmjig tmg pracjts tbx rbtgcar earparbtjaks js 23.7%. Tmgrg js ka ebpjtbi lbjks tbx ar vbiug bddgd tbxjk Makl Oakl. Tmgrg js ka wjtmmaidjkl tbx igvjgd ak djvjdgkds ar jktgrgst.Lgkgrbiiy, djvjdgkds brg kat dgduetjnig, wmgrgbs jktgrgst js, nut sun`get taegrtbjk bktj-bvajdbkeg pravjsjaks. âybitjgs bkd cggs pbjd ta kak-rgsjdgktgktgrtbjkgrs ar spartshgk car tmgjr pgrcarhbkeg jk Makl Oakl brg sun`get tawjtmmaidjkl tbx ak tmgjr bssgssbnig pracjts embrlgd ukdgr pracjts tbx.

5>. Makl Oakls tbx systgh bdapts tmg tgrrjtarjbi prjkejpig, j.g. tbxgsbrg akiy igvjgd ak jkeahg dgrjvgd crah ar brjsjkl jk Makl Oakl bkd kat ak

jkeahg sauregd autsjdg Makl Oakl. TmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkegeaktbjkska gxghptjak crah pracjts tbx car kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs. Ujkeg MaklOakl bppijgs b tgrrjtarjbi nbsjs ac bssgsshgkt, ijbnjijty ta tbx js dgtgrhjkgdkat ak rgsjdgkeg stbtus, nut ak tmg saureg ac jkeahg.

55. Vracjts tbx js igvjgd ak earparbtjaks, pbrtkgrsmjps, bkd trustggs.\mgtmgr b eahpbky js ijbnig ta pracjts tbx dgpgkds ak tmg kbturg bkd gxtgktac jts betjvjtjgs jk Makl Oakl. Tmg caiiawjkl eakdjtjaks hust ng sbtjscjgd carb pracjts tbx ijbnjijty0 tmg pgrsak hust ebrry ak b trbdg, pracgssjak ar nusjkgssjk Makl Oakl? tmg pracjts ta ng embrlgd hust ng crah suem trbdg, pracgssjak

ar nusjkgss ebrrjgd ak ny tmg pgrsak jk Makl Oakl? bkd tmg pracjts hust ngpracjts brjsjkl jk ar dgrjvgd crah Makl Oakl. Ka tbx js igvjgd ak pracjts brjs-jkl bnrabd, gvgk jc tmgy brg rghjttgd ta Makl Oakl.

54. Tmg tgrh trbdg js dgcjkgd jk sgetjak >(2) ac tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkugArdjkbkegta jkeiudg gvgry trbdg bkd hbkucbeturg bkd gvgry bdvgkturg, bkdeakegrk jk tmg kbturg ac trbdg. Tmg tgrh nusjkgss js bisa dgcjkgd jk sge-tjak >(2) ta jkeiudg tmg igttjkl ar sun-igttjkl ny bky earparbtjak ta bky pgrsakac bky prghjsgs ar partjak tmgrgac, bkd tmg sun-igttjkl ny bky atmgr pgrsak acbky prghjsgs ar partjak ac bky prghjsgs mgid ny mjh ukdgr b igbsg ar tgkbkey


18/138


23 JKT^ADWETJAK

atmgr tmbk crah tmg Lavgrkhgkt. Tmg tgrh pracgssjak js kat dgcjkgd bkdtmg ardjkbry hgbkjkl bppijgs.

57. Tmg qugstjak ac wmgtmgr b nusjkgss js ebrrjgd ak jk Makl Oakl bkd

wmgtmgr pracjts brg dgrjvgd crah Makl Oakl js ibrlgiy akg ac cbet?

mawgvgrdgejsjaks ac tmg Makl Oakl Eaurts bkd tmg Vrjvy Eaukeji jkdjebtg tmbt tmgrgjs b vgry iaw tmrgsmaid car b pgrsak ta ebrry ak nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl. Jktmg ebsg ac b eahpbky jkearparbtgd car tmg purpasg ac hbojkl pracjts car jtssmbrgmaidgrs, bky lbjkcui usg ta wmjem jt puts bky ac jts bssgts prjhb cbejgbhaukts ta ebrryjkl ak nusjkgss.7Tmg ebrryjkl ak ac nusjkgss usubiiy ebiiscar sahg betjvjty ak tmg pbrt ac wmagvgr ebrrjgs jt ak, tmaulm, dgpgkdjkl aktmg kbturg ac tmg nusjkgss, tmg betjvjty hby ng jktgrhjttgkt wjtm iakl jktgrvbisac qujgsegkeg jk ngtwggk. B eahpbky kggd kat mbvg gxtgksjvg betjvjtjgs jkMakl Oakl ngcarg jt js eaksjdgrgd ta ng ebrryjkl ak nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl.

53. Tmg jkeahg ac b trust dgrjvgd crah b nusjkgss ebrrjgd ak jk MaklOakl js embrlgbnig ta pracjts tbx. Tmg jkeahg js embrlgbnig jk tmg kbhg actmg trustgg bs tmg dgcjkjtjak ac pgrsak jk sgetjak >(2) ac tmgJkibkd ^gvgkugArdjkbkegjkeiudgs trustgg. Tmus trustggs, ijog atmgr pgrsaks ebrryjkl ak

nusjkgssgs jk Makl Oakl, brg rgqujrgd ta curkjsm pracjts tbx rgturks wjtm tmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Dgpbrthgkt (J^D) bkd brg naukd ny tmg vbrjaus stbtutaryrgqujrghgkts ibjd dawk jk tmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkeg.

52 ak

Iaebijty ac Vracjts (DJVK >2) ta eibrjcy jssugs rglbrdjkl tmg saureg ac pracjts.DJVK >2 pravjdgs tmbt Makl Oakl lgkgrbiiy bppijgs tmg apgrbtjaks tgst,wmjem jkvaivgs jdgktjcyjkl betjvjtjgs tmbt brg hast jhpartbkt jk lgkgrbtjkltmg pracjts bkd tmg pibeg bt wmjem tmgsg betjvjtjgs brg ebrrjgd aut. Car trbdjkleahpbkjgs, bii rgigvbkt apgrbtjaks ebrrjgd aut ta gbrk tmg pracjts, jkeiudjkltmg saijejtbtjak ac ardgrs, kglatjbtjak, eakeiusjak, trbdg cjkbkejkl, smjphgktbkd pgrcarhbkeg ac eaktrbets, wauid ng eaksjdgrgd. Jk tmg ebsg ac sgrvjegeahpbkjgs, tmg pibeg wmgrg tmg sgrvjegs brg pgrcarhgd wmjem ljvg rjsg ta tmg

7. Eahhjssjakgr ac Jkibkd ^gvgkug v. Mbkl Ugkl Nbko Ijhjtgd(2::2)? Eahhjssjakgr

ac Jkibkd ^gvgkug v Nbrtjeb Jkvgsthgkt Itd (2::3).


19/138


JKT^ADWETJAK 2667, Makl Oakl gkdarsgdtmg Lianbi Caruhs prjkejpigs ac trbkspbrgkey bkd gccgetjvg gxembklg acjkcarhbtjak. Ujkeg tmbt tjhg, Makl Oakls dahgstje ibws mbvg nggk bhgkdgd

ta ngttgr bijlk tmgh wjtm tmg stbkdbrds.4>. Makl Oakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro rgigvbkt ta GAJ car tbx

purpasgs js prgsjdgd avgr ny tmg Cjkbkejbi Ugrvjegs bkd tmg Trgbsury Nurgbu.Bdhjkjstrbtjak ac GAJ ukdgr Makl Oakls trgbty kgtwaro js tmg rgspaksjnji-jty ac Makl Oakls eahpgtgkt butmarjty, j.g. tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jkibkd^gvgkug. TmgJkibkd ^gvgkug (Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg>626bkd tmgJkibkd^gvgkug (Djseiasurg ac Jkcarhbtjak) ^uigs (Ebp.22>NJ), wmjem ebhg jktaapgrbtjak ak 2> Hbrem >626, brg tmg prjhbry pjgegs ac igljsibtjak pgrhjttjkltmg J^D ta gxembklg jkcarhbtjak ukdgr b DTE. Caiiawjkl tmg gkbethgkt actmg Jkibkd ^gvgkug (Bhgkdhgkt) (Ka. >) Ardjkbkeg >625 ak 2: @uiy >625,tmg GAJ ukdgr b TJGB js bisa biiawgd. Wkdgr tmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkeg,tmg Eahhjssjakgr ar mjs butmarjsgd rgprgsgktbtjvgs brg ghpawgrgd ta antbjkawkgrsmjp, jdgktjty, nbko jkcarhbtjak bkd beeauktjkl rgeards car tmg purpasgac rgspakdjkl ta b spgejcje rgqugst car GAJ jk tbx hbttgrs (s. 72).

45. Bs bt 2> Bulust >625, Makl Oakl js sjlkbtary ta >3 blrgghgkts wmjempravjdg GAJ ta tmg stbkdbrd, ac wmjem >> brg eurrgktiy jk careg. B eahpigtg ijstac tmg DTEs wmjem mbvg nggk eakeiudgd ny Makl Oakl js sgt aut jk Bkkgx >ta tmjs rgpart.


20/138


2= JKTÂDWETJAK

Avgrvjgw ac tmg cjkbkejbi sgetar bkd rgigvbkt pracgssjaks

44. Makl Oakl js b hbàr jktgrkbtjakbi cjkbkejbi egktrg, eahprjsjkl bkjktglrbtgd kgtwaro ac jkstjtutjaks bkd hbrogts wmjem pravjdg b wjdg rbklg

ac praduets bkd sgrvjegs ta iaebi bkd jktgrkbtjakbi eustahgrs bkd jkvgstars.Tmg cjkbkejbi sgetar ghpiays >56 666 pgapig, ar sjx pgr egkt ac Makl Oaklstatbi warocareg. Jt js b mjlm vbiug-bddgd jkdustry tmbt eaktrjnutgs 23% taLDV.3Makl Oakls cjkbkejbi hbrogts brg embrbetgrjsgd ny b mjlm dglrgg acijqujdjty.

47. Tmg prjkejpbi rgluibtars ac Makl Oakls cjkbkejbi hbrogts brg tmgMakl Oakl Hakgtbry Butmarjty (MOHB)2 rgstrjetgdijegkeg nbkos bkd >4 dgpasjt-tbojkl eahpbkjgs jk Makl Oakl, talgtmgr wjtm36 iaebi rgprgsgktbtjvg accjegs ac avgrsgbs nbkojkl jkstjtutjaks (bs bt Hbrem>625). Tmgsg jkstjtutjaks brg crah 57 ùrjsdjetjaks bkd jkeiudg 625/gkl/spggem.

mthi, beegssgd ak >: Bprji >625.


21/138


JKT^ADWETJAK 2:

(GW^ : =) ar bnavg wjtm bk arjljkbi tgrh ac hbturjty ac bt igbsttmrgg haktms).

4=. Tmg gxtgrkbi kgt bssgts mgid ny nbkos bkd dgpasjt-tbojkl jkstjtutjaks

rgbemgd MOD > 245 njiijak (GW^ >22.7 njiijak) bt tmg gkd ac @bkubry >625,hbojkl Makl Oakl akg ac tmg ibrlgst nbkojkl egktrgs jk tmg warid. MaklOakls staeo hbrogt wbs tmg sjxtm ibrlgst jk tmg warid bkd tmg sgeakd ibrlgstjk Bsjb jk tgrhs ac hbrogt ebpjtbijsbtjak bs bt tmg gkd ac Ugptghngr >62>.=Tmg tatbi vbiug ac cukd bssgts ukdgr hbkblghgkt jk Makl Oakl js harg tmbkMOD : trjiijak (GW^ 6.: trjiijak), rbkojkl sgeakd jk Bsjb.:

4:. Makl Oakl bisa mbs ergdjt ukjaks, wmjem brg ea-apgrbtjvg arlbkj-sbtjaks carhgd ukdgr tmg 2:3= Ergdjt Wkjak Ardjkbkeg (Ebp.22:). Bs bt52 Dgeghngr >62>, tmgrg wgrg 44 ergdjt ukjaks jk Makl Oakl. Avgr :=% acbssgts ac ergdjt ukjaks ngiakl ta tmasg carhgd ny ghpiayggs ac lavgrkhgktdgpbrthgkts bkd ibrlg punije bkd prjvbtg earparbtjaks. Tmgy mbvg b tatbihghngrsmjp ac bnaut = Cgnrubry >625, tmgrg wgrg bppraxj-hbtgiy 2 266 ijegksgd HUAs jk Makl Oakl. HUAs brg ijegksgd ukdgr tmgBktj-Hakgy Ibukdgrjkl bkd Eauktgr-Tgrrarjst Cjkbkejkl (CjkbkejbiJkstjtutjaks) Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.327) wmjem js jk gccget sjkeg 2 Bprji >62>.

72. TmgJksurbkeg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.42) pravjdgs tmg igljsib-tjvg crbhgwaro car tmg jksurbkeg jkdustry. Tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jksurbkeg,bppajktgd ny tmg Emjgc Gxgeutjvg ac Makl Oakl bs tmg Jksurbkeg Butmarjty,mbs tmg prjkejpbi cuketjak ukdgr tmg Jksurbkeg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg targluibtg bkd supgrvjsg tmg jksurbkeg jkdustry sa bs ta prahatg jts lgkgrbistbnjijty bkd pratget paijey maidgrs. Bs bt >= Cgnrubry >625, tmgrg wgrg 277butmarjsgd jksurgrs jk Makl Oakl gklbljkl jk djccgrgkt typgs ac nusjkgssj.g. iakl-tgrh (g.l. jkdjvjdubi ijcg, rgtjrghgkt semghg hbkblghgkt), lgkgrbi(g.l. beejdgkt bkd mgbitm, prapgrty dbhblg) bkd eahpasjtg.

7>. Cjrhs gklblgd jk tmg sgeurjtjgs bkd cuturgs jkdustry (ijegksgd earparb-tjaks) brg supgrvjsgd bkd rgluibtgd ny tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Eahhjssjak,bk butakahaus stbtutary nady ukdgr tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.762>, tmgrg wgrg 2 =:< ijegksgd earparbtjaks.Tmg sgeurjtjgs bkd cuturgs hbrogts brg apgrbtgd ny tmg Makl Oakl Gxembklgsbkd Eigbrjkl Ijhjtgd. B wjdg vbrjgty ac praduets brg trbdgd ak tmg Makl Oakl

=. www.lav.mo/gk/bnaut/bnautmo/cbetsmggts/daes/cjkbkejbiQsgrvjegs.pdc, beegssgd

ak >= @ukg >625.

:. Tmg >625-24 Nudlgt spggem bvbjibnig bt www.nudlgt.lav.mo/>625/gkl/spggem.

mthi, bssgssgd ak >: Bprji >625.
http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/financial_services.pdfhttp://www.budget.gov.hk/2013/eng/speech.htmlhttp://www.budget.gov.hk/2013/eng/speech.htmlhttp://www.budget.gov.hk/2013/eng/speech.htmlhttp://www.budget.gov.hk/2013/eng/speech.htmlhttp://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/financial_services.pdf


22/138


>6 JKT^ADWETJAK

Cuturgs Gxembklg ar tmg Utaeo Gxembklg ac Makl Oakl. Bs bt Bprji >625, >6avgrsgbs gxembklgs bkd hbrogt apgrbtars wgrg butmarjsgd ta accgr tmgjr trbdjklsgrvjegs ta jkstjtutjaks jk Makl Oakl.

75. Makl Oakl js b hb`ar bssgt hbkblghgkt egktrg jk Bsjb. Beeardjklta b survgy eakduetgd ny tmg Makl Oakl Trustggs Bssaejbtjak (MOTB)jk >62>, bs bt tmg gkd ac >622, tmg trust sgetar hbkblgd bssgts gstjhbtgd btMOD > 366 njiijak (GW^ >73.< njiijak). Tmg MOTB, gstbnijsmgd jk 2::2 nyhghngrs ac tmg trust bkd cjduejbry sgrvjegs sgetars, js tmg igbdjkl pracgs-sjakbi nady rgprgsgktjkl tmjs sgetar jk Makl Oakl.

74. Tmg iglbi pracgssjak jk Makl Oakl js djvjdgd jkta twa djstjketnrbkemgs nbrrjstgrs (bisa okawk bs eauksgi) bkd saijejtars, natm rglu-ibtgd ny tmgIglbi Vrbetjtjakgrs Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.27:). Uaijejtars mbvg ijhjtgdrjlmts ac budjgkeg ngcarg tmg eaurts wmgrgbs nbrrjstgrs mbvg ukijhjtgd rjlmtsac budjgkeg jk bii eaurts bkd trjnukbis wmgrg iglbi rgprgsgktbtjak js biiawgd.Tmg Nbr Eaukeji ac tmg Makl Oakl Nbr Bssaejbtjak js tmg lavgrkjkl nadycar nbrrjstgrs. Tmg Ibw Uaejgty ac Makl Oakl js tmg lavgrkjkl nady ac tmgsaijejtars pracgssjak. Tmg tatbi kuhngr ac prbetjsjkl ibwygrs jk Makl Oakljs = 377 (< 4625, tmgrg wgrg54 723 EVBs jk Makl Oakl.

73. Tmg Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg ac Embrtgrgd Ugergtbrjgs js bk jkdgpgkdgktpracgssjakbi nady wjtm bppraxjhbtgiy 7 66 studgkts.Bppraxjhbtgiy > 566 brg patgktjbiiy gklblgd wjtmjk tmg trust bkd eahpbky

sgrvjegs sgetar. Ac tmgsg, bnaut


23/138


JKT^ADWETJAK >2

Avgrvjgw ac tmg bktj-hakgy ibukdgrjkl/eahnbtjkl cjkbkejkl actgrrarjsh crbhgwaro (BHI/ECT)

762>, jhpasgs rgqujrghgkts ak cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks rglbrdjkleustahgr dug djijlgkeg bkd rgeard-oggpjkl, wmgrgbs tmg tmrgg atmgr ardjkbkegsrgqujrg rgpartjkl ac suspjejaus trbksbetjaks rglbrdjkl hakgy ibukdgrjkl artgrrarjst cjkbkejkl. Ergdjt ukjaks brg gxghpt crah eustahgr dug djijlgkegrgqujrghgkts, bs tmgy wgrg eaksjdgrgd ny tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs ta rgprgsgktiaw BHI/ECT rjso, ngebusg hghngrsmjp ac tmasg gktjtjgs js ijhjtgd ta pgrsaks

mbvjkl b eahhak nakd usubiiy nbsgd ak ghpiayhgkt ar trbdg bkd wmasgcuii jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak js serggkgd wmgk tmgy bppiy car hghngrsmjp. Atmgrrgqujrghgkts car ergdjt ukjaks ta hbjktbjk rgigvbkt jkcarhbtjak brg jk pibeg. Jkpbrtjeuibr, sgetjak 27 ac tmg Ergdjt Wkjak Ardjkbkeg (Ebp. 22:) rgqujrgs gvgryergdjt ukjak ta hbjktbjk jdgktjty rgeards jk rgspget ac tmgjr hghngrs.

7=. Tmg @ajkt Cjkbkejbi Jktgiijlgkeg Wkjt (@CJW), `ajktiy ruk ny stbcccrah tmg Makl Oakl Vaijeg Careg bkd tmg Makl Oakl Eustahs & GxejsgDgpbrthgkt, rgegjvgs, bkbiysgs bkd stargs suspjejaus trbksbetjaks rgparts bkddjssghjkbtgs tmgh ta tmg bppraprjbtg jkvgstjlbtjvg ukjts.

7:. Makl Oakl js b hghngr ac tmg Cjkbkejbi Betjak Tbso Careg (CBTC)bkd tmg Bsjb-Vbejcje Lraup ak Hakgy Ibukdgrjkl. Tmg tmjrd hutubi gvbiu-btjak rgpart ac Makl Oakl wbs bdaptgd ak 22 @uiy >66=. Bctgr ukdgrlajkl bcaiiaw up rgvjgw, tmg CBTC rgealkjsgd tmbt Makl Oakl mbd hbdg sjlkjcjebktpralrgss jk jhpighgktjkl tmg CBTC stbkdbrds. Tmjs rgsuitgd jk Makl Oaklngjkl rghavgd crah tmg caiiaw-up praegss.26Makl Oakl wjii ng sun`get tatmg kgxt raukd ac gvbiubtjak jk >623.

^gegkt dgvgiaphgkts

36. Ak 2> @uiy >62>, b kgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegwbs pbssgd ny MaklOakls Igljsibtjvg Eaukeji. Tmg ardjkbkeg sunstbktjbiiy rgvjsgs tmg iglbi crbhg-waro lavgrkjkl tmg jkearparbtjak bkd apgrbtjak ac eahpbkjgs jk Makl Oakl.Tmg kgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegwbs lbzgttgd ak 26 Bulust >62> bkd wjii eahgjkta apgrbtjak ak b dby ta ng bppajktgd ny tmg Ugergtbry car Cjkbkejbi Ugrvjegsbkd tmg Trgbsury ny katjeg punijsmgd jk tmg Lbzgttg. Jt js gxpgetgd tmbt jt wjii

26. Ugg tmg Hutubi Gvbiubtjak ^gpart ac Makl Oakl, Emjkb 4tmCaiiaw up rgpart pun-

ijsmgd jk Aetangr >62> www.cbtc-lbcj.arl/hgdjb/cbtc/daeuhgkts/rgparts/Caiiaw%>6

up%>6rgpart%>6HG^%>6Makl%>6Oakl%>6Emjkb.pdc(beegssgd ak = Bprji >625).
http://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/Follow%20up%20report%20MER%20Hong%20Kong%20China.pdfhttp://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/Follow%20up%20report%20MER%20Hong%20Kong%20China.pdfhttp://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/Follow%20up%20report%20MER%20Hong%20Kong%20China.pdfhttp://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/Follow%20up%20report%20MER%20Hong%20Kong%20China.pdf


24/138


>> JKT^ADWETJAK

eahg jkta apgrbtjak jk tmg cjrst qubrtgr ac >624, bctgr tmg gkbethgkt ac tmg kge-gssbry sunsjdjbry igljsibtjak bs jkdjebtgd jk tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry GxtgrkbiEjreuibr Ka. 7/>62>. Jk pbrbiigi, tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry js warojkl ta gkmbkegjts jkcarhbtjak systgh bkd ebrry aut bk avgrbii rgvjgw ac jts praegdurgs bkd

carhs car tmg jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg kgw igljsibtjak. Tmg gxbet dbtg ac gktry jktacareg js kat ygt okawk. Ujlkjcjebktiy, tmg kgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegwjii rgpgbitmg pawgr ac b eahpbky ta jssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr, wmjist jhpasjkl kaanijlbtjak ak maidgrs ac smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr jssugd prjar ta jts gccgetjvg dbtgta surrgkdgr tmgjr smbrg wbrrbkt car ebkegiibtjak.

32. Ak 2: @uiy >625, tmgJkibkd ^gvgkug (Bhgkdhgkt) (Ka. >) Ardjkbkeg>625wbs gkbetgd pravjdjkl tmg iglbi crbhgwaro car Makl Oakl ta gktgr jktaTJGBs. Tmjs ardjkbkeg, wmjem tbogs gccget crah 2: @uiy >625, bisa eibrjcjgstmbt tmg J^Ds beegss pawgrs gxtgkd ta jkcarhbtjak tmbt js ukdgr b pgrsaks

eaktrai, jk bddjtjak ta jkcarhbtjak tmbt js jk b pgrsaks passgssjak. Tmg ibwbisa pgrhjts tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jkibkd ^gvgkug ta gxembklg jkcarhbtjakrgibtjkl ta tmg bdhjkjstrbtjak ar gkcareghgkt ac tmg tbx ibws ac bk GAJ pbrt-kgr jk rgspget ac bky pgrjad tmbt stbrts bctgr tmg GAJ brrbklghgkt ebhg jktaapgrbtjak, gvgk jc tmbt jkcarhbtjak prg-dbtgs suem pgrjad.

3>. Tmg Trust Ibw (Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg >625, pravjdjkl car bhgkd-hgkts ta tmg iglbi crbhgwaro lavgrkjkl Makl Oakl trusts, wbs lbzgttgd ak>3 @uiy >625 bkd wjii eahg jkta careg ak 2 Dgeghngr >625. Tmg Ardjkbkegpravjdgs car egrtbjk bhgkdhgkts ta tmg Trustgg Ardjkbkeg bkd tmg

Vgrpgtujtjgs bkd Beeuhuibtjaks Ardjkbkeg ta gxtgkd trustggs pawgrs jkegrtbjk rgspgets? ta jhpasg b stbtutary duty ac ebrg ak trustggs? ta pravjdg cartmg vbijdjty ac egrtbjk trusts? ta bnaijsm tmg ruig blbjkst pgrpgtujtjgs? ta embklgtmg ruig blbjkst gxegssjvg beeuhuibtjak ac jkeahg. Uun`get ta tmg tgrhs ac tmgtrust jkstruhgkt, tmg stbtutary duty ac ebrg wjii bppiy ta trustggs jk gxgrejsjkl

pawgrs bkd dutjgs wmgk hbojkl jkvgsthgkts, bppajktjkl blgkts, kahjkggs bkdeustadjbks, tbojkl aut jksurbkeg, gte. Tmg dgcbuit stbtutary duty ac ebrg, wmgkjt js bppijebnig, wjii rgpibeg tmg gxjstjkl eahhak ibw duty ac ebrg wmjem hjlmtatmgrwjsg bppiy. Tmg stbtutary duty ac ebrg js dgcbuit jk kbturg, nut js kat hbk-dbtary. Ugttiars wjii ng ljvgk cigxjnjijty ta rgciget tmgjr jktgktjak jk tmg trust

jkstruhgkt (j.g, tmg duty ebk ng gxeiudgd ar hadjcjgd ny tmg trust jkstruhgkt).35. Tmg Lavgrkhgkt ac Makl Oakl prapasgs biiawjkl tmg gstbnijsmhgktac Apgk-gkdgd Jkvgsthgkt Eahpbkjgs (AGJE), ta apgrbtg bkd hbkblgjkvgsthgkt cukds. Curtmgr dgtbjis brg kat ygt bvbjibnig bs tmgy brg stjii ngjkldgvgiapgd ny tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs.

34. Ujkeg jts Vmbsg 2 rgvjgw jk >622, Makl Oakl mbs sjlkjcjebktiy gxpbkdgdjts kgtwaro ac GAJ jkstruhgkts. Jt sjlkgd 26 bddjtjakbi DTEs/prataeais bkdnraulmt jkta careg 23 atmgrs. DTE kglatjbtjaks brg jk pralrgss wjtm 26 `urjs-djetjaks0 Nbmrbjk? Nbklibdgsm? Cjkibkd? Jkdjb? Uautm Oargb? Hbeba, Emjkb?

Hburjtjus? Ubudj Brbnjb? Uautm Bcrjeb bkd tmg Wkjtgd Brbn Ghjrbtgs.


25/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK >5

Eahpijbkeg wjtm tmg Utbkdbrds

B. Bvbjibnjijty ac Jkcarhbtjak

Avgrvjgw

37. Gccgetjvg gxembklg ac jkcarhbtjak rgqujrgs tmg bvbjibnjijty ac rgijbnigjkcarhbtjak. Jk pbrtjeuibr, jt rgqujrgs jkcarhbtjak ak tmg jdgktjty ac awkgrs

bkd atmgr stbogmaidgrs bs wgii bs jkcarhbtjak ak tmg trbksbetjaks ebrrjgd autny gktjtjgs bkd atmgr arlbkjsbtjakbi strueturgs. Uuem jkcarhbtjak hby ng ogptcar tbx, rgluibtary, eahhgrejbi ar atmgr rgbsaks. Jc suem jkcarhbtjak js katogpt ar tmg jkcarhbtjak js kat hbjktbjkgd car b rgbsakbnig pgrjad ac tjhg, b`urjsdjetjaks eahpgtgkt butmarjty22hby kat ng bnig ta antbjk bkd pravjdgjt wmgk rgqugstgd. Tmjs sgetjak ac tmg rgpart dgserjngs bkd bssgssgs MaklOakls iglbi bkd rgluibtary crbhgwaro car bvbjibnjijty ac jkcarhbtjak. Jt bisabssgssgs tmg jhpighgktbtjak bkd gccgetjvgkgss ac tmjs crbhgwaro jk prbetjeg.

33. Eahpbkjgs carhgd ukdgr Makl Oakl ibw brg anijlgd ta rgljstgr

bkd cjig bkkubi rgturks wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry tmbt jdgktjcy tmg iglbiawkgrs ac tmg eahpbky. Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs brg bisa anijlgd ta hbjktbjkb rgljstgr ac smbrgmaidgrs jk Makl Oakl. Vunije eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny smbrgsbrg pgrhjttgd ta jssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr. \mjig tmgrg brg ka smbrgwbrrbkts ta ngbrgr jk ejreuibtjak bt prgsgkt, tmgrg brg eurrgktiy jksuccjejgkthgembkjshs jk pibeg tmbt gksurg tmg bvbjibnjijty ac jkcarhbtjak biiawjkl car

22. Tmg tgrh eahpgtgkt butmarjty hgbks tmg pgrsak ar lavgrkhgkt butmarjty dgs-

jlkbtgd ny b `urjsdjetjak bs ngjkl eahpgtgkt ta gxembklg jkcarhbtjak pursubkt

ta b daunig tbx eakvgktjak ar tbx jkcarhbtjak gxembklg blrgghgkt.


26/138


>4 EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

jdgktjcjebtjak ac tmgjr awkgrs. Tmg kgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, wmjem mbsnggk gkbetgd nut js kat ygt jk apgrbtjak, rgpgbis tmg pawgr ac b eahpbky tajssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr.

3


27/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK >7

3(4) ac tmg AGED Hadgi Eakvgktjak. Tmg jkcarhbtjak rgqugstgdjk tmasg twa ebsgs jkeiudgd eaktrbets bkd atmgr nusjkgss rgeards. Makl Oaklbkd tmbt trgbty pbrtkgr mbvg birgbdy sjlkgd b prataeai eaktbjkjkl b pravjsjakgqujvbigkt ta brtjeig >3(4) ac tmg AGED Hadgi Eakvgktjak bkd kaw MaklOakl js bnig ta pravjdg jkcarhbtjak jk rgibtjak ta wmjem jt mbs ka dahgstjetbx jktgrgst ta tmjs trgbty pbrtkgr.

B.2. Awkgrsmjp bkd jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak

@urjsdjetjaks smauid gksurg tmbt awkgrsmjp bkd jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak car bii rgigvbkt

gktjtjgs bkd brrbklghgkts js bvbjibnig ta tmgjr eahpgtgkt butmarjtjgs.

Eahpbkjgs (Ta^2>B.2.2)

) pravjdgs tmg iglbicrbhgwaro car tmg jkearparbtjak bkd apgrbtjak ac eahpbkjgs jk Makl Oakl.

2>. Tgrhs ac ^gcgrgkeg ta Hakjtar bkd ^gvjgw Vralrgss Tawbrds Trbkspbrgkey bkd

Gxembklg ac Jkcarhbtjak.


28/138


>3 EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

Tmg earg eahpbky pravjsjaks ac tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg(gxegpt tmg wjkd-jkl-up pravjsjaks) brg bdhjkjstgrgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry (s. 565). Biijkcarhbtjak mgid ny tmg Eahpbkjgs gljstry ak jkearparbtgd eahpbkjgs bkdkak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs mbvjkl gstbnijsmgd b pibeg ac nusjkgss jk Makl

Oakl js djseiasgd jk tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstrys rgljstgrs car punije jkspge-tjak (s. 567). Hghngrs ac tmg punije brg bnig ta antbjk eahpbky jkcarhbtjak,jkeiudjkl jkcarhbtjak ak tmg hghngrs bkd djrgetars, akijkg.25

Typgs ac eahpbkjgs

)(b)). Lubrbktggeahpbkjgs brg eahpbkjgs mbvjkl tmg ijbnjijty ac tmgjr hghngrs ijhjtgd tasuem bhaukt bs tmg hghngrs hby rgspgetjvgiy ukdgrtbog ta eaktrjnutg ta tmgbssgts ac tmg eahpbky jk tmg gvgkt ac jt ngjkl waukd up (s.(4(>)(n)). Wkijhjtgd

eahpbkjgs brg eahpbkjgs kat mbvjkl bky ijhjt ak tmg ijbnjijty ac tmgjr hgh-ngrs (s. 4(>)(e)).

, tmgrg wgrg 2 644 344 iaebiiy jkearparbtgd

eahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry. Ac tmasg eahpbkjgs,2 65> =35 wgrg prjvbtg eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny smbrgs, 555 wgrg kak-ijstgd

punije eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny smbrgs, >67 wgrg ijstgd punije eahpbkjgs ijhjtgdny smbrgs, 22 >56 wgrg eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny lubrbktgg bkd 25 wgrg ukijh-jtgd eahpbkjgs wjtm smbrg ebpjtbi. Tmgrg wgrg bisa = =4= kak-Makl Oakleahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg.

25. Beegssjnig bt0 www.jerjs.er.lav.mo/esej/.
http://www.icris.cr.gov.hk/csci/http://www.icris.cr.gov.hk/csci/


29/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK >. Bctgr jkearparbtjak, eahpbkjgs brg anijlgd ta pravjdg curtmgr dgtbjisac tmgjr djrgetars, sgergtbry, rgljstgrgd accjeg bddrgss bkd embrlgs ta tmgEahpbkjgs ^gljstry car rgeard bkd punije jkspgetjak (Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. 27=). Jk bddjtjak, bii eahpbkjgs brg anijlgd ta katjcy tmg Eahpbkjgs gljstryac bky embklgs ta jkcarhbtjak rgljstgrgd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry wjtmjk24 dbys ac tmg embklg (s. 27=(4)).

=5. Bii eahpbkjgs jkearparbtgd jk Makl Oakl brg anijlgd ta cjig bkbkkubi rgturk wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry tmbt spgejcjgs tmg kbhgs bkdbddrgssgs ac jts djrgetars bkd hghngrs (Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. 26


30/138


>= EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

4> dbys bctgr tmg hast rgegkt bkkjvgrsbry ac tmg dbtg ac jkearparbtjak ac tmgeahpbky (s. 26:(2)). Car b punije eahpbky, tmg bkkubi rgturk js ta ng eah-pigtgd wjtmjk 4> dbys bctgr tmg bkkubi lgkgrbi hggtjkl (s. 26:(>)).

=4. Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry gksurgs tmgbeeurbey ac jkcarhbtjak hbjktbjkgd jk jts rgljstrjgs ny prasgeutjkl eahpbkjgswmjem cbji ta cjig tmgjr bkkubi rgturks wjtmjk tmg prgserjngd tjhg ijhjt bkd caratmgr nrgbemgs ac tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, jkeiudjkl cbjiurg ta updbtg pbr-tjeuibrs wjtm rgspget ta djrgetars, eahpbky sgergtbrjgs bkd tmg rgljstgrgd accjegar ta rgpart tmg bppajkthgkt/rgsjlkbtjak ac djrgetars ar eahpbky sgergtbrjgs.

=7. Awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak ak eurrgkt ar djssaivgd Makl Oakl jkear-parbtgd eahpbkjgs js hbjktbjkgd pgrhbkgktiy ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry(Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegss.54=D). Tmjs jkeiudgs jkcarhbtjak ak bii smbrgmaid-grs bs wgii bs embklgs ta smbrgmaidjkl, bs djseiasgd ny tmg eahpbkjgs jk tmgjrbkkubi rgturks cjigd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry. Bii jkcarhbtjak ak MaklOakl jkearparbtgd eahpbkjgs hbjktbjkgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry js apgkcar punije jkspgetjak (s. 567).

=3. Vbrt ]S ac tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Ardjkbkegeaktbjks bddjtjakbirgqujrghgkts car ijstgd earparbtjaks (j.g. punijeiy trbdgd eahpbkjgs) nyrgqujrjkl egrtbjk earparbtg jksjdgrs (g.l. sunstbktjbi smbrgmaidgrs, djrgetars,emjgc gxgeutjvgs) ta ljvg katjeg ta tmg Makl Oakl Utaeo Gxembklg ak tmgaeeurrgkeg ac tmg caiiawjkl gvgkts0

sunstbktjbi smbrgmaidgrs (j.g. jkdjvjdubis bkd earparbtjaks wma brgjktgrgstgd jk 7% ar harg ac bky eibss ac vatjkl smbrgs jk b ijstgd ear-parbtjak) hust djseiasg tmgjr jktgrgsts, bkd smart pasjtjaks, jk vatjklsmbrgs ac tmg ijstgd earparbtjak? bkd

djrgetars bkd emjgc gxgeutjvgsac b ijstgd earparbtjak hust djseiasgtmgjr jktgrgsts, bkd smart pasjtjaks jk bky smbrgs jk b ijstgd earparbtjak(ar bky ac jts bssaejbtgd earparbtjaks) bkd tmgjr jktgrgsts jk bky dgngk-turgs ac tmg ijstgd earparbtjak (ar bky ac jts bssaejbtgd earparbtjaks).

=


31/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK >:

^gljstrbtjak ac eahpbkjgs jk prbetjeg

==. Bs bt 52 Dgeghngr >62>, tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry mbd >:2 ghpiay-ggs, wjtm 622, Makl Oakl ibukemgd b akg-stap eahpbky jkearpa-rbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak sgrvjeg ukdgr wmjem bky pgrsak wma bppijgscar jkearparbtjak ac b dahgstje eahpbky ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegjsdgghgd ta mbvg hbdg b sjhuitbkgaus bppijebtjak car nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak.Eahpbky jkearparbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak cuketjaks wgrg prgvjausiypgrcarhgd sgpbrbtgiy. Hargavgr, gigetrakje jkearparbtjak ac eahpbkjgs bkdgigetrakje cjijkl ac eahhakiy cjigd eahpbky daeuhgkts mbvg bisa nggk jhpig-hgktgd sjkeg Hbrem >622. Jk ardgr ta jkearparbtg b eahpbky gigetrakjebiiy,

akg ac tmg caukdgrs hust cjrst rgljstgr bs b usgr ac tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstrysg-^gljstry. Jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak ac tmjs caukdgr hust ng pravjdgd bs pbrt ac tmgrgljstrbtjak praegss bkd js vgrjcjgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry ngcarg daeu-hgkts ebk ng sjlkgd bkd sunhjttgd vjb tmg g-^gljstry. Tmg caukdgr wma sjlkstmg jkearparbtjak carh mbs ta egrtjcy jk tmbt carh tmbt tmg pbrtjeuibrs eaktbjkgdtmgrgjk brg beeurbtg. Jt js bisa bk accgkeg ta curkjsm cbisg jkcarhbtjak jk bkyrgturk ar atmgr daeuhgkt rgqujrgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg (s. 54:).

:6. Tmg Eahpbkjgs gljstry hbjktbjks b eahputgrjsgd dbtbnbsg eaktbjk-jkl rgigvbkt jkcarhbtjak ak eahpbkjgs, jkeiudjkl tmg kbhg bkd bddrgss aceahpbkjgs, pbrtjeuibrs ac djrgetars, sgergtbrjgs bkd butmarjsgd rgprgsgktbtjvgs

bs wgii bs gbem eahpbkys smbrg ebpjtbi. Tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstrys dbtbnbsgjs apgk car punije jkspgetjak. Tmg bkkubi rgturks cjigd ny eahpbkjgs brg ogptpgrhbkgktiy bkd brg bisa apgk car punije jkspgetjak. Tmg J^D hby jkspgetbkd rgtrjgvg jkcarhbtjak crah tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstrys dbtbnbsg bkd usgs jtta rgpiy ta hast rgqugsts eakegrkjkl awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak ak Makl Oakleahpbkjgs.

:2. Tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry mbs b systgh tmbt hakjtars tmg cjijkl acbkkubi rgturks. Tmg systgh butahbtjebiiy dgtgets eahpbkjgs wmjem cbji tacjig bkkubi rgturks ny tmg dug dbtg. Jk ardgr ta gkeaurblg eahpbkjgs ta cjig

bkkubi rgturks ngcarg bky prasgeutjak betjak js jkjtjbtgd, tmg Eahpbkjgs^gljstry mbs jktraduegd b katjeg ta cjig semghg. Eahpbkjgs tmbt brg jkdgcbuit ac tmgjr anijlbtjaks rgegjvg b katjeg bkd brg ljvgk b pgrjad ac >= dbyscrah tmg dbtg ac tmg katjeg ta rgetjcy tmg dgcbuit. Car bkkubi rgturks rgqujrgdta ng cjigd jk >62>, =. Uunsgqugkt betjaks blbjkst eahpbkjgs jk dgcbuit brg tbogk, jkeiud-jkl sgkdjkl rghjkdgrs, hbojkl gkqujrjgs, jkjtjbtjkl prasgeutjak betjaks bkdstrjojkl acc betjaks. Tmgsg caiiaw up betjaks hby, dgpgkdjkl ak tmg tjhg ac

dgcbuit jk tmg ygbr bkd ejreuhstbkegs ac tmg ebsg, kat kgegssbrjiy tbog pibeg


32/138


56 EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

jk tmg sbhg ygbr nut tmg caiiawjkl ygbr(s). Uuhhaksgs brg jssugd car prasgeu-tjak jc bkkubi rgturks rghbjk autstbkdjkl bctgr tmg gxpjry ac tmg >=-dby lrbeg

pgrjad. Jk >62>, 3 >6: Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs (6.7:% ac tmg tatbi Makl OaklEahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry) bkd =3 kak-Makl Oakl

eahpbkjgs (6.:62> bppraxjhbtgiy >= 666 eahpbkjgswgrg strueo acc (wmjem rgprgsgkts >.3=% ac tmg tatbi Makl Oakl eahpbkjgsrgljstgrgd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry).

Eahpbky hghngrsmjp rgljstrjgs

:5. Tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg anijlgs gvgry eahpbky jkearparbtgd jkMakl Oakl ta hbjktbjk b rgljstgr ac hghngrs (s. :7). Tmg rgljstgr hust jkeiudgtmg caiiawjkl jkcarhbtjak0

tmg kbhgs bkd bddrgssgs ac tmg hghngrs, tmg smbrgs ar staeo mgidny gbem hghngr, tmg djstjklujsmjkl kuhngr ac gbem smbrg jc jt mbs b

kuhngr, bkd tmg bhaukt pbjd ak tmg smbrgs?

tmg dbtg bt wmjem gbem pgrsak wbs gktgrgd ak tmg rgljstgr? bkd

tmg dbtg bt wmjem bky pgrsak egbsgd ta ng b hghngr.

:4. Tmg rgljstgr ac hghngrs hust ng ogpt bt tmg rgljstgrgd accjeg ac tmgeahpbky bkd jk b igljnig carh wmjem dags kat rgstrjet jts bvbjibnjijty car punijejkspgetjak (Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg s. :7(>)). B eahpbky ebk oggp jts rgljstgrac hghngrs bt b iaebtjak wjtmjk Makl Oakl atmgr tmbk jts rgljstgrgd accjegiaebtjak pravjdgd tmg eahpbky sgkds katjeg ta tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry ac tmg

pibeg wmgrg jts rgljstgr ac hghngrs js ogpt (s. :7(5)). Bii gktrjgs jk tmg rgljstgrac hghngrs rgibtjkl ta pgrsaks wma egbsg ta ng hghngrs hust ng rgtbjkgd car56 ygbrs (s. :7(2)).

:7. Vursubkt ta tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, tmg rgljstgr ac hghngrs hustng apgk car punije jkspgetjak (s. :=(2)). Tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry eakduetsjkvgstjlbtjaks upak rgegjpt ac b eahpibjkt tmbt b eahpbky mbs cbjigd ta hbogjts rgljstgr ac hghngrs bvbjibnig car jkspgetjak. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgsrgpart tmbt, jk tmg ygbrs >626-2>, tmgrg wgrg caur ebsgs ac eahpibjkt. Jc beahpbky cbjis ta oggp b rgljstgr ac jts hghngrs bs rgqujrgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs

Ardjkbkeg, tmg eahpbky bkd jts accjegrs brg ijbnig car prasgeutjak. Durjkl


33/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK 52

tmg pgrjad ukdgr rgvjgw, ka prasgeutjaks wgrg ibukemgd jk eakkgetjak ta beahpbky bkd/ar jts accjegrs cbjiurg ta oggp b rgljstgr ac hghngrs. Hargavgr,bs dgserjngd bnavg, tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry eiasgiy hakjtars tmg cjijklac bkkubi rgturks (wmjem jkeiudgs jkcarhbtjak ak smbrgmaidgrs) bkd tbogs

gkcareghgkt betjak wmgrg tmgrg js kak-eahpijbkeg.

Tbx ibw

:3. Tmg J^D bdhjkjstgrs tmgNusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.526)wmjem lavgrks tmg tbx rgljstrbtjak ac nusjkgssgs jk Makl Oakl. Nusjkgssrgljstrbtjak, ukijog rgljstrbtjak ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, dags katrgluibtg nusjkgss betjvjtjgs jk Makl Oakl (kgjtmgr js jt b ijegkeg ta trbdg). Jtshbjk an`getjvgs brg ta pravjdg tmg J^D wjtm jkcarhbtjak ak nusjkgssgs satmbt tbx cjigs ebk ng apgkgd bkd updbtgd jk b tjhgiy hbkkgr bkd ta gkbnigtmg punije ta antbjk jkcarhbtjak ak nusjkgssgs wjtm wmjem tmgy brg dgbijkl.

:).Jk pbrtjeuibr, tmg caiiawjkl nusjkgssgs brg rgqujrgd ta ng rgljstgrgd0

bky carh ac trbdg, eahhgreg, erbctshbksmjp, pracgssjak, ebiijkl aratmgr betjvjty ebrrjgd ak car tmg purpasg ac lbjk?

bky eiun tmbt pravjdgs cbejijtjgs, sgrvjegs bkd gxeiusjvg eiun prghjsgsta jts hghngrs car saejbi jktgreaursg ar rgergbtjak?

gvgry eahpbky jkearparbtgd jk Makl Oakl jk beeardbkeg wjtm tmgEahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegar kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky tmbt mbs gstbn-ijsmgd b pibeg ac nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl, rglbrdigss ac wmgtmgr jt jsbetubiiy ebrryjkl ak bky nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl? bkd

gvgry kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky tmbt mbs b rgprgsgktbtjvg ar ijbjsakaccjeg jk Makl Oakl, ar mbs igt aut jts prapgrty sjtubtgd jk MaklOakl, rglbrdigss ac wmgtmgr jt mbs gstbnijsmgd b pibeg ac nusjkgss jkMakl Oakl.27

:=. Tmg bppijebtjak car nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak (Carh 2(n)) car b MaklOakl jkearparbtgd eahpbky hust ng eahpigtgd ny b djrgetar, hbkblgr ar tmgsgergtbry ac tmg eahpbky bkd hust sgt cartm0 tmg cuii rgljstgrgd kbhg ac tmgeahpbky? tmg bddrgss ac tmg rgljstgrgd accjeg jk Makl Oakl bkd pibeg ac nusj-kgss? tmg dbtg ac jkearparbtjak? bkd b eapy ac tmg egrtjcjebtg ac jkearparbtjak.

27. Jkibkd ^gvgkug Dgpbrthgkt Lujdgijkgs, Nusjkgss ^gqujrgd ta ng ^gljstgrgd

bkd Bppijebtjak car Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak. Beegssjnig bt0 www.jrd.lav.mo/gkl/

tbx/nrgQbnr.mth.
http://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/bre_abr.htmhttp://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/bre_abr.htmhttp://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/bre_abr.htmhttp://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/bre_abr.htm


34/138


5> EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

Jk Cgnrubry >622, upak tmg eahjkl jkta apgrbtjak ac tmgNusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak(Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg>626, hghngrs ac tmg punije hust bppiy car eahpbkyjkearparbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak sjhuitbkgausiy. Ujkeg tmgk, tmg jkcar-hbtjak prgvjausiy rgpartgd jk Carh 2(n) js jkeiudgd jk tmg bppijebtjak carh car

eahpbky jkearparbtjak.

::. Tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkegs. 72(2) pravjdgs tmbt bii eahpbkjgsembrlgbnig ta pracjts tbx brg rgqujrgd ta curkjsm b eahpigtgd tbx rgturk wjtmjkb rgbsakbnig tjhg, karhbiiy akg haktm. Jc tmg eahpbky js embrlgbnig ta prac-jts tbx car bky ygbr ac bssgsshgkt bkd mbs kat rgegjvgd b tbx rgturk crah tmgJ^D, jt js rgqujrgd ta jkcarh tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jkibkd gvgkug jk wrjtjkltmbt jt js sa embrlgbnig wjtmjk caur haktms bctgr tmg gkd ac tmg nbsjs pgrjadcar tmg ygbr ac bssgsshgkt eakegrkgd (s. 72(>)). Eahpbkjgs tmbt brg kat ebr-ryjkl ak b trbdg, pracgssjak ar nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl bkd da kat mbvg bky

jkeahg sauregd jk Makl Oakl brg kat rgqujrgd cjig tbx rgturks, ukigss tmgymbvg nggk prahptgd ta da sa ny tmg J^D. Tmg J^D rgparts tmbt, crah tjhgta tjhg, jt jssugs tbx rgturks ta tmasg eahpbkjgs wjtm ka pracjts embrlgbnigta tbx ta rgvjgw tmgjr tbx pasjtjaks. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbttmg rgvjgw praegss js ak-lajkl. Eahpbkjgs tbx bccbjrs brg rgvjgwgd bt igbstakeg gvgry caur ygbrs. Upgejcje ebsgs (g.l. iass hbojkl eahpbkjgs) brg sun-`get ta harg crgqugkt rgvjgws. Tmg rgvjgw eyeig eavgrs bii eahpbkjgs wjtmka pracjts embrlgbnig ta tbx, gxegpt tmasg eahpbkjgs wmjem mbvg rgpartgd tmgegssbtjak ac nusjkgss. Jk ebsgs wmgrg b eahpbky tmbt mbs rgpartgd tmbt jt mbsegbsgd nusjkgss, rgeahhgkegs nusjkgss jk cuturg, tmbt eahpbky js anijlgd ta

katjcy tmg J^D ac jts embrlgbnjijty ta tbx bkd js sun`get ta pgkbitjgs jc jt cbjista da sa. Tmg J^D bisa erass emgeos jkcarhbtjak (g.l. jc b eahpbky tmbt mbsrgpartgd tmg egssbtjak ac nusjkgss mjrgs ghpiayggs, tmjs wauid trjllgr curtmgrjkvgstjlbtjak ny tmg J^D).

266. Wkdgr s. >(2B) ac tmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg, b eahpbkywmjem js jkearparbtgd jk Makl Oakl ar b kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky wmjemjs ijbnig car ^gljstrbtjak jk Makl Oakl ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg jsdgghgd ta ng b pgrsak ebrryjkl ak b nusjkgss bkd js ijbnig car rgljstrbtjakukdgr tmgNusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg. Wpak tmg eahjkl jkta apgrbtjak

ac tmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak (Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg >626, sjhuitbkgausbppijebtjak car eahpbky jkearparbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak js hbkdbtarybkd pracjts tbx cjigs brg apgkgd jkstbktiy car bii eahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd wjtm tmgEahpbkjgs ^gljstry. Beeardjkliy, tmg rgqujrghgkts bkd anijlbtjaks jhpasgdukdgr tmg Jkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkegbppiy ta bii eahpbkjgs, gvgk tmaulmsahg ac tmgh hby kat mbvg pracjts embrlgbnig ta tbx.


35/138



Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak jk prbetjeg

262. Jk prbetjeg, sjkeg Cgnrubry >622, wmgk tmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak(Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg>626taao gccget, Makl Oakl mbs gstbnijsmgd b akg-

stap sgrvjeg eavgrjkl natm eahpbky jkearparbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak.Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry trbkshjtspbrtjeuibrs ac sueegsscuiiy rgljstgrgd eahpbkjgs ta tmg J^D sa tmbt tmg J^Debk oggp b dbtbnbsg ac bii eahpbkjgs bkd nusjkgssgs rgljstgrgd ukdgr tmgNusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg.

26>. Tmg J^D mbs b pralrbhhg ac ak-sjtg jkspgetjaks bkd mbs jdgktjcjgdebsgs ac cbjiurg ta rgljstgr b nusjkgss. Jt mbs bk betjvg pralrbhhg ta hakjtareahpijbkeg wjtm iglbi rgqujrghgkts bkd mbs jkstjtutgd prasgeutjaks wmgrgkak-eahpijbkeg wbs dgtgetgd. Bppraxjhbtgiy 27 666 ta >6 666 ak-sjtg vjsjts

wgrg eakduetgd gbem ygbr crah >66: ta >62>. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgsrgpart tmbt, sjkeg tmg jhpighgktbtjak ac tmg akg-stap sgrvjeg, tmg J^Dbkd tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry suppighgkt akg bkatmgr bkd tmg J^Ds waro jscaeusgd ak tmg rgljstrbtjak ac saig praprjgtarsmjps bkd pbrtkgrsmjps bs wgiibs gkcarejkl atmgr pravjsjaks ac tmgNusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg. Ebsgswmgrg ukrgljstgrgd nusjkgssgs wgrg jdgktjcjgd mbvg igd ta prasgeutjaks.Bppraxjhbtgiy > 766-4 666 prasgeutjaks taao pibeg gbem ygbr crah >66: ta>62> jk eakkgetjak wjtm tmg cbjiurg ta rgljstgr b nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl.

Awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak ak cargjlk eahpbkjgs

^gljstrbtjak ac cargjlk eahpbkjgs

265. B kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky wmjem js b nady earparbtg bkd mbs gstbn-ijsmgd b pibeg ac nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl js rgqujrgd ta bppiy car rgljstrbtjakwjtmjk akg haktm ac tmg gstbnijsmhgkt ac tmg pibeg ac nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl(Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. 555). Tmg eahpbky js bisa rgqujrgd ta rgljstgr wjtmtmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Accjeg.

264. B pibeg ac nusjkgss js dgcjkgd ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegta jkeiudg b smbrg trbkscgr ar smbrg rgljstrbtjak accjeg (s. 542) nut, beeardjklta tmg >4tmUemgduig ta tmg ardjkbkeg, dags kat jkeiudg b iaebi rgprgsgktb-tjvg accjeg gstbnijsmgd ar hbjktbjkgd wjtm tmg bppravbi ac tmg Makl OaklHakgtbry Butmarjty (MOHB) ukdgr tmg Nbkojkl Ardjkbkeg (s. 43). Jt jskgegssbry ta eaksjdgr tmg accjegs hbjk betjvjtjgs jk tmg ijlmt ac tmg eahpbkyspbrbhaukt bkd sunsjdjbry an`gets bkd sgg wmgtmgr suem betjvjtjgs ergbtgiglbi anijlbtjaks.23Jc tmgy da, tmg accjeg hust rgljstgr ukdgr tmg EahpbkjgsArdjkbkeg.

23. Gisejkt (Bsjb Vbejcje) Itd v. Eahhgrejbi Nbko ac Oargb Itd_2::4X MOIZ 2=>?

Hurdaeo v. Drgssgr-^bkd Ugrvjegs UB^I_>66>X MOGE 7>.


36/138



267. Kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs brg rgqujrgd ta pravjdg tmg Eahpbkjgs^gljstry wjtm tmg caiiawjkl jkcarhbtjak (Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. 555)0

tmg kbhg bkd pibeg ac jkearparbtjak ac tmg eahpbky?

eapjgs ac tmg eahpbkys eakstjtutjak?

ijsts ac djrgetars (kbhgs bkd bddrgssgs), eahpbky sgergtbry bkd butmar-jsgd rgprgsgktbtjvg(s) jk Makl Oakl wma ebk beegpt sgrvjeg ac praegssak tmg eahpbkys ngmbic? bkd

egrtjcjebtg ac jkearparbtjak jssugd jk tmg mahg urjsdjetjak bkd beeaukts(wmgrg tmg kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky js rgqujrgd ny tmg ibw ac jts pibegac jkearparbtjak ar bky rgluibtar ta prgpbrg bkd cjig suem beeaukts).

263. Wpak rgegjpt ac b kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkys bppijebtjak car rgl-

jstrbtjak, tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry rgtbjks tmg rgljstgrgd daeuhgkts, gktgrstmg kbhg ac tmg eahpbky ak tmg rgljstgr ac kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs, bkdjssugs b rgljstrbtjak egrtjcjebtg ta tmg eahpbky (s. 555BB).

26 dbys bctgr tmg bkkjvgrsbry dbtg ac rgljstrb-tjak ac tmg eahpbky jk Makl Oakl (s. 554).

26=. Tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg dags kat rgqujrg kak-Makl Oakl eahpb-

kjgs ta oggp b rgljstgr ac hghngrs jk Makl Oakl. Jt dags, mawgvgr, pravjdgtmbt jc, ny vjrtug ac ibw jk bky pibeg autsjdg Makl Oakl, kak-Makl Oakleahpbkjgs mbvg tmg pawgr ta oggp jk Makl Oakl nrbkem rgljstgrs ac tmgjrhghngrs rgsjdgkt jk Makl Oakl, tmg Emjgc Gxgeutjvg jk Eaukeji hby ardgrgvgry suem nrbkem rgljstgr ta ng ogpt jk Makl Oakl (s. 263). Jc suem ardgr jshbdg, tmg nrbkem rgljstgr hby akiy eaktbjk jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak ak tmg kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkys rgsjdgkt hghngrs.

26:. Bii jkcarhbtjak mgid ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry ak kak-Makl Oakleahpbkjgs wjtm b pibeg ac nusjkgss jk Makl Oakl js djseiasgd jk tmg Eahpbkjgs

^gljstrys rgljstgrs car punije jkspgetjak.

226. Kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs ijstgd bkd trbdgd jk Makl Oakl brganijlgd ta hbjktbjk, ar hbog brrbklghgkt ta hbjktbjk, b rgljstgr ac smbrg-maidgrs, ar bt igbst b nrbkem rgljstgr ac hghngrs jk Makl Oakl. Tmg rgljstgrshust ng hbdg bvbjibnig car jkspgetjak ny tmg punije bkd smbrgmaidgrs ukdgrtmg Ijstjkl ^uigs (sgg bnavg car djseiasurg rgqujrghgkts).


37/138



^gljstrbtjak ac cargjlk eahpbkjgs jk prbetjeg

222. Ujkeg Cgnrubry >622, tmg akg-stap sgrvjeg bisa eavgrs tmg rgljstrb-tjak ac kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs (gxegpt wmgk tmg eahpbky mbs birgbdy

antbjkgd b nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak egrtjcjebtg prjar ta tmg bppijebtjak car rgljs-trbtjak bs b kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg). Tmgakg-stap sgrvjeg eavgrs rgljstrbtjak wjtm natm tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry bkdtmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Accjeg. Bs bt 52 Dgeghngr >62>, tmgrg wgrg = =4=kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd jk Makl Oakl.

22>. Kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs tmbt cbji ta cjig bkkubi rgturks wjtmtmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry wjtmjk 4> dbys bctgr tmg bkkjvgrsbry ac tmg dbtg acrgljstrbtjak jk Makl Oakl brg bisa butahbtjebiiy sgigetgd ny tmg ^gljstryssystgh ta rgegjvg b katjeg ta cjig. Tmg eahpbkjgs brg ljvgk b pgrjad ac >= dbys

crah tmg dbtg ac tmg katjeg ta rgetjcy tmg dgcbuit. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgsrgpartgd tmbt katjegs ta cjig brg ta bii kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs jk dgcbuit.Uunsgqugkt betjaks blbjkst eahpbkjgs jk dgcbuit brg tbogk, jkeiudjkl sgkd-jkl rghjkdgrs, hbojkl gkqujrjgs, jkjtjbtjkl prasgeutjak betjaks bkd strjojklacc betjaks. Tmgsg caiiaw up betjaks hby, dgpgkdjkl ak tmg tjhg ac dgcbuit jktmg ygbr bkd ejreuhstbkegs ac tmg ebsg, kat kgegssbrjiy tbog pibeg jk tmg sbhgygbr nut tmg caiiawjkl ygbr(s). Uuhhaksgs brg jssugd car prasgeutjak jc bkkubirgturks rghbjk autstbkdjkl bctgr tmg >=-dby lrbeg pgrjad gxpjrgs. Tmg eah-pijbkeg rbtg ac kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs wjtm tmgjr anijlbtjak ta cjig bkkubirgturks js vgry mjlm0 :4.3>% ac tmg tatbi rgljstgrgd kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs

eahpijgd wjtm tmgjr cjijkl anijlbtjaks jk b tjhgiy hbkkgr jk >62>. Jk tmg sbhgygbr, =3 kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs wgrg suhhakgd car kak-eahpijbkeg wjtmtmgjr anijlbtjak ta cjig bkkubi rgturks ta tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry.

Tbx ibw

225. Kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs eahhgkejkl ta ebrry ak bky nusjkgss jkMakl Oakl brg anijlgd ta bppiy car nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak wjtm tmg Eahhjssjakgrac Jkibkd ^gvgkug, bkd ta djspiby b vbijd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak egrtjcjebtg bt tmg

pibeg ac nusjkgss (Nusjkgss gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkegss.7, 2>). Tmg bppijebtjak car

nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak (Carh 2(n)) car b kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky hust ng eah-pigtgd ny b djrgetar, hbkblgr ar tmg sgergtbry ac tmg eahpbky bkd hust sgt cartm0

tmg cuii rgljstgrgd kbhg ac tmg eahpbky bkd pibeg ac jkearparbtjak?

tmg kbhg bkd bddrgss ac pgrsak(s) rgsjdgkt jk Makl Oakl wmasg pbr-tjeuibrs mbvg nggk dgijvgrgd ta tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry?

tmg dbtg ac rgljstrbtjak ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg? b eapy actmg egrtjcjebtg ac rgljstrbtjak ac b kak-Makl Oakl eahpbky ar b eapyac tmg egrtjcjebtg ac jkearparbtjak (ar jts gqujvbigkt) jssugd ny tmg

rgigvbkt lavgrkhgkt butmarjty ac jts pibeg ac jkearparbtjak? bkd


38/138



tmg nusjkgss kbhg (jc bky), kbturg ac nusjkgss betjvjtjgs, bddrgss actmg pibeg ac nusjkgss bkd dbtg ac eahhgkeghgkt ac nusjkgss jk MaklOakl.

224. Anijlbtjaks ak dahgstje eahpbkjgs bppiy gqubiiy ta kak-Makl Oakleahpbkjgs. TmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkegpravjdgs tmbt bii eahpbkjgs brgrgqujrgd ta curkjsm wjtmjk b rgbsakbnig tjhg, karhbiiy akg haktm, bky tbxrgturk jssugd ny tmg J^D (s. 72(2)). Jc b eahpbky js embrlgbnig ta pracjts tbxcar bky ygbr ac bssgsshgkt bkd mbs kat rgegjvgd b tbx rgturk jt js rgqujrgdta jkcarh tmg J^D jk wrjtjkl tmbt tmg eahpbky js sa embrlgbnig, wjtmjk4 haktms bctgr tmg gkd ac tmg nbsjs pgrjad car tmg ygbr ac bssgsshgkt eak-egrkgd (s. 72(>)). Tmgrg js ka djccgrgkeg jk tmg rgturk cjijkl rgqujrghgkt nbsgdak wmgtmgr b eahpbky js awkgd ny rgsjdgkts ar kak-rgsjdgkts.

227. Wkdgr s. >(2B) ac tmg Nusjkgss ^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg, b kak-MaklOakl eahpbky wmjem js rgljstgrgd jk Makl Oakl js dgghgd ta ng b pgrsakebrryjkl ak b nusjkgss bkd js ijbnig car rgljstrbtjak ukdgr tmg Nusjkgss^gljstrbtjak Ardjkbkeg. Wpak tmg eahjkl jkta apgrbtjak ac tmg Nusjkgss^gljstrbtjak (Bhgkdhgkt) Ardjkbkeg >626, sjhuitbkgaus bppijebtjak careahpbky jkearparbtjak bkd nusjkgss rgljstrbtjak js hbkdbtary bkd pracjts tbxcjigs brg apgkgd jkstbktiy car bii eahpbkjgs rgljstgrgd wjtm tmg Eahpbkjgs^gljstry. Beeardjkliy, tmg rgqujrghgkts bkd anijlbtjaks jhpasgd ukdgr tmg

Jkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkegbppiy ta bii eahpbkjgs rglbrdigss ac wmgtmgr tmgymbvg pracjts embrlgbnig ta tbx jk Makl Oakl.

223. Kak-Makl Oakl eahpbkjgs brg kat rgqujrgd ta sgt aut dgtbjis actmgjr awkgrs jk tmg pracjts tbx rgturk. Mawgvgr, tmgrg js b cjgid jk tmg rgturk(NJ^ 72 jtgh ) wmgtmgr tmg igkdgr js bk bssaejbtg ac b eahpbky suem tmbt tmgdgduetjak eibjh ac tmg rgspgetjvg jktgrgst gxpgksgs ny tmg eahpbky hbyng dgkjgd? (e) s. >6 wmgtmgr b kak-rgsjdgkt js b eiasgiy eakkgetgd pgrsakwjtm tmg iaebi tbxpbygr suem tmbt tmg pracjts ac tmg kak-rgsjdgkt js dgghgdta ng tbxbnig pracjts jk Makl Oakl bkd embrlgbnig jk tmg kbhg ac tmg iaebitbxpbygr? bkd (d) s. 5=N wmgrg tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jkibkd ^gvgkug mbstmg pawgr ta dgtgrhjkg tmg trug hbrogt vbiug ac bssgts car tmg purpasgs aceahputjkl dgprgejbtjak biiawbkegs jc tmg nuygr bkd sgiigr ac tmg bssgts brgrgibtgd pbrtjgs. Beeardjkliy, eahpbkjgs, wmgtmgr iaebi ar cargjlk, brg anijlgdta hbjktbjk awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak jk ardgr ta hggt tmgjr tbx anijlbtjaks.


39/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK 5)). Vunije

eahpbkjgs bkd prjvbtg eahpbkjgs wmjem brg hghngrs ac b lraup ac wmjemb ijstgd eahpbky js b hghngr brg kat pgrhjttgd ta mbvg earparbtg djrgetars(s. 274B). \mjig djrgetars bkd eahpbky sgergtbrjgs brg kat djrgetiy anijlgdta hbjktbjk jkcarhbtjak ak tmg awkgrs ac tmgjr eahpbkjgs, tmgy wjii mbvgbeegss ta tmg eahpbkys rgljstgr ac hghngrs ngebusg, bs sgt aut bnavg, tmgEahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegrgqujrgs gvgry eahpbky jkearparbtgd jk Makl Oaklta oggp bkd hbjktbjk b rgljstgr ac hghngrs.

Awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak mgid ny sgrvjeg pravjdgrs

2>6. Makl Oakls BHI rgljhg js dgrjvgd crah tmgBktj-Hakgy Ibukdgrjklbkd Eauktgr-Tgrrarjst Cjkbkejkl (Cjkbkejbi Jkstjtutjaks) Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.327)(BHIA), tmg Drul Trbccjeojkl (^geavgry ac Vraeggds) Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.467)(DT^AV), tmg Arlbkjzgd bkd Ugrjaus Erjhgs Ardjkbkeg(Ebp.477) (AUEA)bkd tmg Wkjtgd Kbtjaks (Bktj-Tgrrarjsh Hgbsurgs) Ardjkbkeg (Ebp.7


40/138


5= EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

2>2. TmgBHIAwbs gkbetgd ak >: @ukg >622, bkd gktgrgd jkta careg ak2 Bprji >62>. Vrjar ta tmg gkbethgkt ac tmg BHIA, hbkdbtary BHI lujdg-ijkgs jssugd ny tmg rgigvbkt butmarjtjgs ukdgr tmgjr rgspgetjvg lavgrkjklardjkbkegs stjpuibtgd EDD bkd rgeard-oggpjkl rgqujrghgkts. \mjig tmgsg

lujdgijkgs djd kat mbvg tmg careg ac ibw, tmg rgluibtars eauid gkcareg tmghusjkl b rbklg ac supgrvjsary pawgrs ar bdhjkjstrbtjvg hgbsurgs.

2>>. TmgBHIAeadjcjgd EDD bkd rgeard-oggpjkl rgqujrghgkts jk b sjkligpjgeg ac igljsibtjak bppijebnig ta bii spgejcjgd cjkbkejbi sgetars. Jt bisa pravjdgsrgigvbkt sbketjaks car cbjiurg ta eahpiy bkd gkcareghgkt pawgrs car rgluibtarybutmarjtjgs. Tmg ibw jhpasgs anijlbtjaks ak b wjdg rbklg ac cjkbkejbi jkstjtu-tjaks, jkeiudjkl nbkos, earparbtjaks ijegksgd ny tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd CuturgsEahhjssjak, butmarjsgd jksurgrs, jksurbkeg blgkts bkd nraogrs bkd ijegksgdhakgy sgrvjeg apgrbtars.

2>5. Vursubkt ta tmgBHIA, cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks hust jdgktjcy bkd vgrjcytmg jdgktjty ac tmgjr eustahgrs bkd jdgktjcy bkd tbog rgbsakbnig hgbsurgs tavgrjcy tmg jdgktjty ac tmg eustahgrs ngkgcjejbi awkgr(s) ngcarg gstbnijsmjkl bnusjkgss rgibtjaksmjp (Uemgduig >, ss.> bkd 5). Cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks hust bisaoggp rgeards rgigvbkt ta tmgjr eustahgrs bkd ngkgcjejbi awkgrs jdgktjty bswgii bs trbksbetjak rgeards car bt igbst sjx ygbrs caiiawjkl tmg eahpigtjak ac tmgtrbksbetjak, ar tmg gkd ac nusjkgss (bs tmg ebsg hby ng) (Uemgduig >, s. >6). Bs

pbrt ac tmg anijlbtjak ta pgrcarh rgbsakbnig hgbsurgs ta vgrjcy tmg jdgktjty ac tmgngkgcjejbi awkgrs ac b earparbtg eustahgr, cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks hust vgrjcy tmg

jdgktjty ac bky jkdjvjdubi tmbt maids ar eaktrais, djrgetiy ar jkdjrgetiy, jkeiudjkltmraulm b trust ar ngbrgr smbrg maidjkl, bt igbst b >7% jktgrgst jk tmg earparbtgeustahgr (j.g. >7% ac tmg gktjtys smbrg ebpjtbi ar >7% ac tmg vatjkl rjlmts btlgkgrbi hggtjkls) (Uemgduig >, s. >(>)). Jk mjlm-rjso ebsgs, tmg EDD anijlbtjaksbrg strjetgr bkd cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks hust tbog rgbsakbnig hgbsurgs ta vgrjcytmg jdgktjty ac bky jkdjvjdubis maidjkl bt igbst b 26% jktgrgst (Uemgduig >, ss.2,> bkd 27). Jc tmg earparbtg eustahgr js betjkl ak ngmbic ac bkatmgr pgrsak, tmgcjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks hust jdgktjcy tmbt atmgr pgrsak, jrrgspgetjvg ac wmgtmgrtmg ebsg js ac mjlm rjso ar kat (Uemgduig >, ss.2 bkd >). TmgBHIAbdapts b rjso-nbsgd bpprabem eakegrkjkl tmg hakjtarjkl ac gxjstjkl eustahgr rgibtjaksmjps.

2>4. Wkjcarh lujdbkeg rgibtjkl ta tmg apgrbtjak ac tmg bnavg-hgktjakgdpravjsjaks ac Uemgduig > ac tmgBHIA js pravjdgd jk tmg BHI/ECT lujdg-ijkgs jssugd ny tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Eahhjssjak (UCE) 2


41/138


EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK 5:

Oakl Hakgtbry Butmarjty, Accjeg ac tmg Eahhjssjakgr ac Jksurbkeg bkd tmgEustahs bkd Gxejsg Dgpbrthgkt car tmgjr rgspgetjvg sgetars.

2>7. Jk bddjtjak ta cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks, egrtbjk kak-cjkbkejbi pracgs-

sjakbis brg sun`get ta BHI/ECT lujdgijkgs ar ngst prbetjegs jssugd ny tmgjrrgspgetjvg pracgssjakbi nadjgs. Tmg Ibw Uaejgty ac Makl Oakl jssugd b hbk-dbtary prbetjeg djrgetjak ak BHI/Eauktgr-Tgrrarjst Cjkbkejkl jk Dgeghngr>66< wmjem taao gccget crah 2 @uiy >66= (Lujdg ta Vracgssjakbi EakduetSai. >, Embptgr >4, Vrbetjeg Djrgetjaks). Wkdgr jts hbkdbtary pravjsjaks,ibwygrs, jkeiudjkl cargjlk ibwygrs prbetjsjkl jk Makl Oakl, brg anijlgd tajdgktjcy bkd vgrjcy tmg jdgktjtjgs ac tmgjr eijgkts bkd tmgjr ngkgcjejbi awkgrsngcarg gstbnijsmjkl b nusjkgss rgibtjaksmjp ar wmgk ebrryjkl aut aeebsjakbitrbksbetjaks bkd ta oggp rgeards rgigvbkt ta tmgjr eijgkts jdgktjty bs wgii bstrbksbetjak rgeards (pbrbs. 2=->3). Cjigs, jkeiudjkl EDD rgeards, hust ng

ogpt car b pgrjad ac0 27 ygbrs car eakvgybkejkl hbttgrs? sgvgk ygbrs car tgk-bkey hbttgrs? sgvgk ygbrs car atmgr hbttgrs (gxegpt erjhjkbi ebsgs)? bkd tmrggygbrs crah gxpjrbtjak ac bky bppgbi pgrjad car erjhjkbi hbttgrs (pbrb. 3).Tmg prbetjeg djrgetjak js b sgt ac hbkdbtary lujdgijkgs wmjem ebrry sbke-tjaks. Vrbetjtjakgrs wma cbji ta eahpiy wjtm tmg rgqujrghgkts brg ijbnig tadjsejpijkbry betjak ny tmg Ibw Uaejgty ac Makl Oakl rbkljkl crah b cjkg targvaojkl ar suspgkdjkl b saijejtars ijegkeg ta prbetjsg jk Makl Oakl. TmgIbw Uaejgty ac Makl Oakl js kat bwbrg ac bky nrgbemgs sa cbr bkd, mgkeg,mbs kat bppijgd bky sbketjaks jk eakkgetjak wjtm tmg hbkdbtary prbetjegdjrgetjak ak BHI/ECT ta dbtg.

2>3. Bs rglbrds atmgr pracgssjakbi sgrvjeg pravjdgrs jk Makl Oakl(g.l. eahpbky sgergtbrjgs, trustggs wma brg kat ibwygrs bkd beeauktbkts), tmgrgbrg ka hbkdbtary anijlbtjaks ta eakduet EDD, tmaulm b kuhngr ac pracgssjakbieadgs ac gtmjes ar rgluibtary bkd sgic-rgluibtary stbkdbrds pravjdg kak-hbk-dbtary EDD lujdbkeg.2=Hargavgr, tmgsg pracgssjakbi sgrvjeg pravjdgrs mbvgkat ygt jhpighgktgd carhbi strueturgs ta hakjtar tmgjr hghngrs eahpijbkegwjtm tmg BHI/ECT lujdgijkgs bkd ngst prbetjegs. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgsrgpart, mawgvgr, tmbt tmgy brg tbojkl pralrgssjvg stgps ta gxtgkd EDD bkdrgeard-oggpjkl anijlbtjaks ta bii rgigvbkt Dgsjlkbtgd Kak-Cjkbkejbi Nusjkgssgs

bk avgr-tmg-eauktgr dgrjvbtjvg, wrjttgk avgr suem sgeurjtjgs ar cuturgs eaktrbets).

Jc tmg eijgkt js betjkl bs bk blgkt, tmg ijegksgd jkstjtutjak hust ng sbtjscjgd ak

rgbsakbnig lraukds ac tmg jdgktjty, bddrgss bkd eaktbet dgtbjis ac tmg prjkejpbi.

2=. Makl Oakls Kbreatjes Djvjsjak ac tmg Ugeurjty Nurgbu punijsmgd tmg Vrbetjebi

Lujdg ak Bktj-Hakgy Ibukdgrjkl & Eauktgr-Tgrrarjst Cjkbkejkl jk @ukg >66:.

Tmg Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg ac Egrtjcjgd Vunije Beeauktbkts jssugd bk bdvjsary

Iglbi Nuiigtjk jk @uiy >663. Tmg Gstbtg Blgkts Butmarjty mbs jssugd prbetjeg ejr-

euibrs ak BHI/Eauktgr-Tgrrarjst Cjkbkejkl sjkeg >664. Tmg Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg

ac Embrtgrgd Ugergtbrjgs prahuilbtgd bdvjsary lujdgijkgs car jts hghngrs jk

Hby >66= bkd jssugd b EDD emgeoijst jk >626.


42/138



bkd Vracgssjaks, wmjem eavgr trust bkd eahpbky sgrvjeg pravjdgrs, jk ijkg wjtmtmg updbtgd CBTC rgeahhgkdbtjaks. Tmgsg stgps jkeiudg jssujkl lujdbkeg,eakduetjkl autrgbem bkd ebpbejty nujidjkl sghjkbrs, punijsmjkl b trbjkjkl ojtbkd gxbhjkjkl bitgrkbtjvgs ta jhpravg tmg eurrgkt iglbi crbhgwaro.

Awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak mgid ny kahjkggs

2>=. Eurrgktiy kahjkggs brg kat gxpijejtiy rgqujrgd ta okaw tmg uitjhbtgngkgcjejbi awkgr ac smbrgs ngjkl mgid ak ngmbic ac bkatmgr pgrsak. Kahjkggssmauid okaw wma tmgy brg betjkl car nut tmgrg js ka rgqujrghgkt car tmgh targtbjk jdgktjty jkcarhbtjak ak tmg pgrsaks car wmah tmgy bet bs iglbi awkgr.Bddjtjakbiiy, tmgrg js ka rgqujrghgkt jk tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegcar eah-

pbkjgs ta jkdjebtg wmgtmgr smbrgs brg mgid ngkgcjejbiiy ar kat. Tmg EahpbkjgsArdjkbkeg gxprgssiy pravjdgs tmbt ka katjeg ac bky trust, gxprgssgd, jhpijgd,ar eakstruetjvg, smbii ng gktgrgd ak tmg rgljstgr, ar ng rgegjvbnig ny tmgEahpbkjgs ^gljstry (s. 262). Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt jk prbetjeg

kahjkgg eaktrbets brg jk wrjtjkl bkd hbjktbjkgd ny kahjkgg smbrgmaidgrsgvgk tmaulm tmgrg js ka iglbi rgqujrghgkt car suem eaktrbets ta ng jk wrjtjkl.

2>:. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs bisa rgpart tmbt tmasg blrgghgkts, eah-hakiy rgcgrrgd ta bs b dgeibrbtjak ac trust, brg jk hbky jkstbkegs dgijvgrgdta tmg stbhp accjeg ac tmg J^D car bd`udjebtjak. Tmg Makl Oakl butmarj-tjgs rgpart tmbt dgeibrbtjaks ac trust jk rgspget ac b Makl Oakl staeo wmjemjkvaivg tmg trbkscgr ac ngkgcjejbi jktgrgst jk tmg ukdgriyjkl staeo js b embrlg-bnig jkstruhgkt ukdgr tmg Utbhp Duty Ardjkbkeg (Ebp.22< mgbd >(5) acUemgduig 2) bkd hust ng sunhjttgd ta tmg J^D car stbhpjkl. Jk prbetjeg, tmg

Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt dgeibrbtjaks ac trust wmjem da kat jkvaivgembklg ac ngkgcjejbi jktgrgst jk tmg ukdgriyjkl staeo brg bisa sunhjttgd ta tmgJ^D car bd`udjebtjak.

256. Tmgrg brg egrtbjk rgqujrghgkts car jdgktjcjebtjak ac pgrsaks ak wmasgngmbic kahjkggs bet ukdgr tmg BHI crbhgwaro. Makl Oakls hbkdbtaryBHI anijlbtjaks car cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks (kbhgiy nbkos, sgeurjtjgs cjrhs bkdjksurbkeg jkstjtutjaks) rgqujrg tmgh ta jdgktjcy tmg ngkgcjejbi awkgrs ac b ear-parbtjak, jkeiudjkl tmasg wma djrgetiy ar jkdjrgetiy, awk ar eaktrai b egrtbjkpgregktblg ac tmg smbrgs ar tmg vatjkl rjlmt ac tmg earparbtjak bkd ta vgrjcytmgjr jdgktjty. Tmg jdgktjcjebtjak bkd vgrjcjebtjak ac tmg jdgktjty ac ngkgcjejbi


43/138



awkgrs brg sun`get ta djccgrgkt tmrgsmaids jk Makl Oakl. Tmg tmrgsmaid bppij-ebnig ta tmg jdgktjcjebtjak rgqujrghgkt js 26%. Tmg tmrgsmaid bppijebnig tatmg vgrjcjebtjak rgqujrghgkt js >7%, gxegpt jk mjlm rjso ebsgs 2:, wmgrg tmgbppijebnig tmrgsmaid js 26% (BHIA, Uemgduig >, s. >). Wkdgr tmg hbkdbtary

prbetjeg djrgetjak, ibwygrs brg rgqujrgd ta, car b earparbtg eijgkt, jdgktjcy tmgpgrsak purpartjkl ta ljvg jkstruetjaks ak ngmbic ac tmg eijgkt bkd ta jdgktjcybkd ukdgrstbkd tmg ngkgcjejbi awkgrsmjp bkd eaktrai strueturg ac tmg eijgkt.Tmg Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg ac Egrtjcjgd Vunije Beeauktbkts spgejcjgd jk jtsbdvjsary lujdgijkgs tmbt wmgk bk beeauktbkt js betjkl ar brrbkljkl car bkatmgrpgrsak ta bet bs b kahjkgg smbrgmaidgr, tmg beeauktbkt smauid pgrcarh EDDta jdgktjcy tmg ngkgcjejbi awkgr bkd ta ukdgrstbkd tmg awkgrsmjp bkd eaktraistrueturg ac tmg eustahgr. Tmg Makl Oakl Jkstjtutg ac Embrtgrgd Ugergtbrjgs,b pracgssjakbi nady, jssugd bdvjsary lujdgijkgs rghjkdjkl eahpbky sgergtbr-jgs ta ng suspjejaus ac b eustahgr wma ukdgrtbogs b trbksbetjak ak ngmbic acbkatmgr pgrsak wjtmaut succjejgkt jdgktjcjebtjak ac mjs ar mgr kahjkgg ebpbejtybkd tmbt tmgy smauid hbog curtmgr gkqujrjgs bs ta tmg ukdgriyjkl prjkejpbis.Tmg lujdgijkgs ac tmg pracgssjakbi nadjgs, ngjkl bdvjsary jk kbturg, da katmbvg tmg careg ac ibw. Jt js rgeahhgkdgd, mawgvgr, tmbt bk anijlbtjak smauid

ng jhpasgd tmbt bii kahjkggs hbjktbjk rgigvbkt awkgrsmjp jkcarhbtjak wmgrgtmgy bet bs tmg iglbi awkgrs ak ngmbic ac bky atmgr pgrsak.

252. Bs rglbrds ijstgd earparbtjaks, tmg Ugeurjtjgs bkd Cuturgs Ardjkbkegrgqujrgs sunstbktjbi smbrgmaidgrs (j.g. jkdjvjdubis bkd earparbtjaks wma brgjktgrgstgd jk 7% ar harg ac bky eibss ac vatjkl smbrgs jk b ijstgd earparbtjak)

bs wgii bs djrgetars bkd emjgc gxgeutjvgs ta djseiasg tmgjr jktgrgsts jk smbrgs actmg ijstgd earparbtjak, gvgk jc tmg smbrgs brg mgid car tmgh ny bkatmgr pgrsaksuem bs b staeonraogr, eustadjbk, trustgg ar kahjkgg. Jt bisa biiaws b ijstgdearparbtjak ta hbog gkqujrjgs ta gstbnijsm wma awks jts smbrgs (s. 5>:).>6Bijstgd earparbtjak hby bisa jkvgstjlbtg tmg awkgrsmjp ac gqujty dgrjvbtjvgswmgrg tmg ukdgriyjkl smbrgs ac tmg gqujty dgrjvbtjvgs brg smbrgs jk tmg ijstgdearparbtjak eakegrkgd.

25>. Vursubkt ta tmgJkibkd ^gvgkug Ardjkbkeg,Makl Oakls J^D mbs tmgpawgr ta rgqujrg b kahjkgg ta jdgktjcy tmg pgrsak ak wmasg ngmbic sgeurjtjgs

brg mgid (s. 72(4)). Jc b pgrsak js ukwjiijkl ta djseiasg tmg jdgktjty ac tmg pgrsakcar wmah tmgy bet bs iglbi awkgr tmgy ebk ng sun`get ta pgkbitjgs car cbjijklta eahpiy wjtm tmg katjeg (sgg pbrt N.2 ac tmjs rgpart).

2:. Eakegrkjkl mjlm-rjso, tmg BHI Ardjkbkeg rgcgrs ta b sjtubtjak spgejcjgd ny

tmg rgigvbkt butmarjty jk b katjeg jk wrjtjkl ljvgk ta tmg cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjak bkd

jk bky atmgr sjtubtjak tmbt ny jts kbturg hby prgsgkt b mjlm rjso ac hakgy ibukdgr-

jkl ar tgrrarjst cjkbkejkl (BHIA, Uemgduig >, s. 27).

>6. Tmg pawgrs brg kat ijhjtgd ta gstbnijsmjkl tmg jdgktjtjgs ac tmg sunstbktjbi smbrg-maidgrs (j.g. pgrsaks maidjkl 7% ar harg ac tmg smbrgs) nut gxtgkd ta bky pgrsak

tmbt mbs, ar mbd, bk jktgrgst ar b smart pasjtjak jk jts smbrgs.


44/138


4> EAHVIJBKEG \JTM TMG UTBKDB^DU0 BSBJIBNJIJTZ AC JKCA^HBTJAK

Ngbrgr smbrgs (Ta^B.2.>)

255. Vunije eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny smbrgs brg pgrhjttgd, jc sa butmarjsgdny tmgjr brtjeigs ac jkearparbtjak, ta jssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr, j.g. b wbr-

rbkt stbtjkl tmbt tmg ngbrgr ac tmg wbrrbkt js gktjtigd ta tmg smbrgs spgejcjgd jkjt (Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. , akiy 75= punije eahpbkjgs

ijhjtgd ny smbrgs brg biiawgd ta jssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr. Curtmgr,Makl Oakls Utaeo Gxembklg rgparts tmbt jt mbs kat gkeauktgrgd bky MaklOakl jkearparbtgd jssugrs (>67 jk kuhngr) jssujkl smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr.Tmg jssubkeg ac smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr ny b prjvbtg eahpbky js pramjnjtgdny tmg rgstrjetjak ak tmg trbkscgr ac smbrgs ukdgr tmg Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkegs. >:.>2Bs b rgsuit, akiy 555 ukijstgd punije eahpbkjgs ijhjtgd ny smbrgs hbyjssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr. Curtmgr, bkd nbsgd ak b rgegkt gxbhjkbtjak acrgeards hbjktbjkgd ny tmg Eahpbkjgs ^gljstry wjtm rgspget ta tmgsg eahpb-kjgs, Makl Oakl butmarjtjgs rgpart tmbt tmgrg brg eurrgktiy ka smbrg wbrrbktsta ngbrgr jssugd ny tmgsg eahpbkjgs. Tmg kgw Eahpbkjgs Ardjkbkeg, wmjem

mbs nggk gkbetgd nut js kat ygt jk apgrbtjak, rgpgbis tmg pawgr ac b eahpbkyta jssug smbrg wbrrbkts ta ngbrgr (sgg harg dgtbjis ibtgr jk tmjs sgetjak).

257. Bs hgktjakgd jk sgetjak B.2.2 bnavg, cjkbkejbi jkstjtutjaks bkd ibw-ygrs brg anijlgd ta eakd

Peer Review Report Phase 2

Documents

Transcript of Peer Review Report Phase 2