Peer –Assessment
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Transcript of Peer –Assessment
Peer –Assessment
Some sports have experienced violence, both on and off the field of play, involving both players and spectators. 1. How does the law and sports legislation help to ensure that performers are protected during sporting contests?
(3 marks)2. Explain the consequences of spectator violence, for example hooliganism, for the clubs and the sporting authorities. (4 marks)
Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example football, both on and off the pitch.
3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)
4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the law during their sporting careers.
(4 marks)
Elite sports performers are expected to be role models and to maintain high standards of behaviour during their preparation and competition.
5. Suggest possible reasons why an elite performer may display behaviour which is deemed'unacceptable' by coaches, managers and officials. (3 marks)
6. The media often report on many aspects of a performers behaviour. Explain the potential impact on a sport of any negative publicity. (3 marks)
1. 3 marks for 3 of:A. Protect against violent playB. Employment contracts with clubs/Sponsorship/commercial
contracts/avoid burnoutC. Ensure duty of care from officials/negligence of poor refereesD. Safe playing environment/stadiums are suitable for purposeE. Protection from violent spectators/hooligans/terrorist threatsF. Ensure opponents using doping methods are bannedG. Equality legislation/racism act/sexism act/disability acts/age or
weight categories/gender
Any links to private life and media intrusion is irrelevant Link to rules is irrelevantE – Focus not on method
2. 4 marks for 4 of:A. Negative image of sport causes decline in participation rates/smaller
foundation baseB. Spectator attendance declinesC. Supporters banned from travelling/attending/matches played behind
closed doorsD. All supporters treated as hooligansE. Teams banned from competing/loss of points/finedF. Sponsors/commercial deals withdrawnG. Additional cost to police events/provide more stewardsH. Relationship with local community/other countries declines /negative
impact for hosting future events
The focus of the question is on the consequences and not the strategies usedA – negative image too vague, need consequenceDo NOT accept lose money – have to say how money is lostG – Has to be reference to increase need
3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)1. Over-strong desire to win/over arousal/pressure2. May be encouraged/asked to do so by coach/team mates/pressure fromsponsors/crowds3. Player loses control due to action of opponents/refereedecisions/retaliates/frustration4. Player lacks moral/ethical restraints on personal behaviour5. Financial rewards6. Importance of game/cup final/equivalent
4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the lawduring their sporting careers. (4 marks)1. Opposition player fouls/protection from violence2. Off field of play – contracts with employers/administration of wages/assets/Bosmanruling3. Sponsorship deals/commercial deals4. Protection from media intrusion into private life5. Protection from hooligans during and after games6. Maintenance of restricted areas during training/competitions7. Protection from racism/equal opportunities
5. 3 marks for 3 of:• Pressure from media;• High expectation of supporters;• Financial rewards;• Fear of losing contract/hire and fire culture;• Retaliation due to foul play;• Officials decisions;
6. 3 marks for 3 of:• Less media coverage/reduced media income;• Loss of sponsorship deals;• Fewer spectators;• Reduction in participation rates;• Increased pressure on NGBs to eliminate poor behaviour;• Money could be spent in more productive areas such as player
development;
Good progress Outstanding progress
Target Grade A &
B
• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed
• Achieve target grade on exam questions recalling information from the lesson
Target Grade C &
D
• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed
• Achieve target grade on exam questions using your notes/book where needed
The effect that violence has on individuals, sport & wider society
Violence brings sport into disrepute & damages its ability to encourage children, young people & families to participate
Violence of any kind brings a sport into disrepute & damages its ability to encourage children, young people & families to participate
Parents are unlikely to let their children participate if:• If they believe the sport is likely to bring their children into
contact with violence & put their well-being at risk• If children are encouraged to play inappropriately • If parents & other supporters abuse officials, opponents or each
other
Violence on the football field can have a far-reaching effect
• • • • •
Violence on the football field can have a far-reaching effect• Fan violence may lead to poor treatment of legitimate fans &
supporters• Players injured as a result of foul play may have their livelihoods &
careers curtailed• players may have their chance at international recognition damages
if whole team is not allowed to play in the competition • Huge cost of policing & stewarding • Reputation of the country can be affected when football fans travel
abroad or is seen on television • Banning of teams can have economic effects that go beyond club or
the individual • Effect national morale
Sport & the use of Drugs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4G8C-vercw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okw3y2h-I-s&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x9KsBkUBzo&feature=related
Drugs that produce an ergogenic effect or act as an ergogenic aid - they improve performance above what might be achieved normally
Good progress Outstanding progress
Target Grade A &
B
• Suggest 5 points of why performers may take drugs
• Suggest 6+ points of why performers may take drugs
Target Grade C &
D
• Suggest 3-4 points of why performers may take drugs
• Suggest 5 points of why performers may take drugs
Why do performers use drugs?
Why do performers use drugs?
Lack moral & ethical
boundaries
Believe that ‘everybody else is doing
it’
Lack physical & psychological
attributes to get to the top
without the use of banned drugs
May not be fully aware that they are using drugsRewards of
winning are so great
Receive the wrong guidance or educational
programmes or have wrong role models
Not fully aware of the long-
term health risks
Pressured by coaches or
team managers
May be tempted to use them to speed recovery
from injury
PED’s DO NOT guarantee success Performer still needs psychological & physiological qualities to train hard – no drug can replace that!
BUT clear that PED’s can make the difference from fourth to GOLD!
PED’s are most common in sports that have a high proportion of closed skills – where the relationship between psychological attributes & success is most clearly linked & direct
Less evidence of PED’s in highly interactive sports with many open-skill situations BUT this could also be as a result of weaker testing regimes
Battle against the use of drugs
Every sport and every national and international governing body is engaged in trying to FIND, PUNISH & PREVENT the use of PED’s by performers & coaches
How do they do this?
• Testing regimes & laboratory facilities to test performers• Taking punitive action against those who have
been proved to have used banned substances or have them within their body • Trying to educate young performers in the ethical
& moral case against the use of drugs & ensuring that they are aware of the consequences as a performer & on their health• Ensure performers are aware of what is allowed
& not allowed & what there responsibilities are
Home learning
• What ergogenic effects do these drugs have on a performer/body?
• Research the drug control measure for your own sport. What sanctions are you likely to face should you be tested positive? Prepare your findings as a bullet-point revision sheet for the rest of the class
• Look at WADA, NADO & UK Sport to see how they are involved in the battle against drugs
DRUG EFFECTErythropoietin (EPO)
It increases production of red blood cells and haemoglobin, resulting in improved movement of oxygen to the muscles.
Anabolic steroids (testosterone)
Increase muscle mass & strength
Human growth hormone (HGH)
Stimulates the growth of muscle, cartilage, and bone.
Beta Blockers
Decrease anxiety, reduce HR
Diuretics Their purpose is to remove excess water from the body. Firstly to loose weight rapidly in sports which require the athlete to be within a set weight limit.
Stimulants speed up the messages to and from the brain. They can make the user feel more awake, alert or confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure. Other effects include reduced appetite, dilated pupils, talkativeness, agitation and sleep disturbance
Exam questions
Drug testing of elite sports performers is expensive and often ineffective. Discuss the suggestion that performance-enhancing drugs should be allowed in competitive sport.
(4 marks)
4 marks for 4 of: (sub max 2 per section)(For)1. Spectators / sponsors / media want to see the best performance possible;2. Drugs are just another training aid;3. Used correctly there is limited health risk;4. Individual choice / aware of the consequences;5. Performers don’t ask to be role models;6. Level playing field for all performers;7. Saves money/time on expensive testing/money could be used for education of younger athletes;8. Testing always one step behind the cheats/chemists/technology. (Against)9. Proven health risks / side effects;10. Not all performers have access to doping methods/can afford drugs;11. Against nature of sport / unethical / cheating / contract to compete/ not use of natural ability;12. Negative role model for children / wider implication for society;13. Other athletes pressurised into taking drugs / fear of failure / pressure from coaches.