PEE5830 - Processamento Digital de Imagensroseli/pee5830/pee5830_aula01.pdf2 © Copyright RMR / RDL...

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© Copyright RMR / RDL - 1999.1 PEE5830 - Processamento Digital de Imagens 1

PEE5830 - Processamento Digital deImagens

Rangaraj Mandayam RangayyanRoseli de Deus Lopes


Course Content

• Introduction

• Digital Image Fundamentals

• Image Transforms

• Image Enhancement

• Image Restoration

• Image Compression

• Image Segmentation

• Image Reconstruction from Projections *

• Representation and Description

• Recognition and Interpretation

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Recommended Text

• R. C. Gonzalez and R.E. Woods, “Digital ImageProcessing”, Reading, MA, 1992 (reprinted 1993).

• N. D. A. Mascarenhas and F. R. D. Velasco, “ProcessamentoDigital de Imagens”, IV Escola de Computação, IME-USP,1984.

• E. L. Hall, “Computer Image Processing and Recognition”,Academic Press, New York, 1979.

• A. Rosenfeld and A. C. Kak, “Digital Picture Processing” 2nd.Ed., v. 1 and 2, Academic Press, New York, 1982.

• K. R. Castleman, “Digital Image Processing”, Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1982.

• P. M. Embree and B. Kimble, “C Language Algorithms forDigital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1991.


Evaluation and Grading

• Exercices

• Project reportProject involving the development of algorithms for DigitalImage Processing, computer programming, and workingon real images from any application area of your choice(such as medical imaging, remote sensing, robotics, andgeophysical exploration). The algorithm need not beoriginal.

– half page proposal (March 25th, 1999)– report on a conference paper format– seminar

• One written exam (1,5 hours at the last class)

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Introduction

• It has been estimated that 75% of the informationreceived by a human is VISUAL !!!!

• Computer Processing of Visual Information - theDigital Image Processing Revolution - wastriggered by processing needs in developmentssuch as lunar and other space missions, remotesensing, medical imaging, picture phone & digitaltelevision, and entertainment.


Introduction

?????

Image Processing

Computer Graphics

Computer Vision

Pattern Recognition

Scientific Visualization

Volume Visualization

Visual Computing

…...

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Introduction

ImageManipulation

Acquisition orSimulation

ImageDisplay

Images andAttributes

GeometricRepresentationand Attributes

ImageAnalysis

• Image Processing


Introduction

Knowledgebasis

ImageManipulation




ImageAnalysis

• Pattern Recognition

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Introduction

ImagesGeometric

Representationand Attributes

Acquisition,Simulation or

Modeling

• Computer Graphics

ImageSynthesis

ImageManipulation

ImageDisplay


Introduction

Manipulation

VolumeRendering


Volumes andAttributes


Analysis

Synthesis

• Volume Visualization

ImageDisplay

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Introduction

• Visual Computing = IP + PR + CG + VV

– faster, bigger storage & cheaper computers

– engineering, medical imaging, geosciences,physics modeling, archeology

Manipulation

VolumeRendering


Discreet DataRepresentationand Attributes


Acquisition,Simulation or

Modeling

Analysis

Synthesis

Knowledgebasis

Applicabilty

Viabilty

ImageDisplay


Introduction

• This course will concentrate on Digital Image Processing

ImageManipulation


ImageDisplay



ImageAnalysis

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Introduction

• Introduction

• Digital Image Fundamentals

• Image Transforms

• Image Enhancement

• Image Restoration

• Image Compression

• Image Segmentation

• Image Reconstruction from Projections *

• Representation and Description

• Recognition and Interpretation


Introduction

• Applications

– Medical• Chromossome classification• blood cell analysis• chest radiograph analysis• computed tomography• digital radiography

– Remote Sensing• land use & resource study• detection of forest fires• iceberg movements• weather prediction

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Introduction

• Applications

– Geology• Oil & Mineral Exploration• Seismic Imaging

– Oceanography• Ocean bed analysis• Plate Tectonics

– Astronomy• Study of atmosfere• Brightness Patterns of Stars


Introduction

• Applications

– Consumer Electronics• Optical Character Recognition• Picture Phone

– Automation• Robot vision• Inspection & control quality systems

– Entertainment

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Introduction

– Examples


Introduction

– Examples

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Introduction

Digital ImageRepresentation


Introduction

A Typical DigitalImage ProcessingSystem

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Introduction

• Considerations in Image Digitalization:

– Scanner Types• Flying Spot - C.R.T, L.E.D.

– Spot illumination• Flying Aperture - TV Cameras, Photodiode Arrays

– Object illumination

– Dynamic Range• Dark Threshold to Saturation Threshold

– Signal Linearity• A-D Conversion relationship may be modified to

correct nonlinearities


Introduction

• Considerations in Image Digitalization:

– Geometric linearity• May be verified by the use of grids and fiducial marks

– Spatial resolution• May be expressed in terms of

– spacing of sampling grid,– size of sampling spot,– smallest object capable of being discriminated.

– Gray Scale Resolution• depends on number of A-D conversion levels, dynamic

range of sensor, mapping of A-D converter thresholdsto range of signal

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Introduction

• THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM AND PERCEPTION

Retina

– 75-150 million rode:sensitive to very low levelsof light intensity,provide scotopic vision.

– 5-7 million cones:color sensing,and acute or photopic vision.

Retina adapts to ambient light levels.

The HVS - bandpass system.

This behavior is responsible forsome visual illusions

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