PEDIGREE CHARTS - Ms. Bustos · 2019-03-14 · Pedigree charts offer an ethical way of studying...
Transcript of PEDIGREE CHARTS - Ms. Bustos · 2019-03-14 · Pedigree charts offer an ethical way of studying...
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PEDIGREE CHARTSA FAMILY HISTORY OF A GENETIC CONDITION
EQ: HOW DO YOU ORGANIZE THE INHERITANCE OF A GENETIC DISEASE?
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What is a pedigree chart?▪A record of the family of an individual
▪Used to study the transmission of a hereditary condition
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Studying human genetics▪You cannot make humans of different types breed together
▪Pedigree charts offer an ethical way of studying human genetics
▪Today genetic engineering has new tools to offer doctors studying genetic diseases
▪A genetic counsellor will still use pedigree charts to help determine the distribution of a disease in an affected family.
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Symbols used in pedigree charts
Normal male
Affected male
Normal female
Affected female
Marriage.
A marriage with five children, two
daughters and three sons. The middle
son is affected by the condition
Eldest child Youngest child
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Other Symbols
Divorced, separated
Deceased
Identical twins
Fraternal twins
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Organising the pedigree chart▪Generations are identified by Roman numerals.
I
II
III
IV
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Organising the pedigree chartIndividuals in each generation are identified by Arabic numerals numbered from the left
Therefore the affected individuals are II3, IV2 and IV3.
I
II
III
IV
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Reading Pedigree Charts▪If two affected individuals give rise to an unaffected child the condition is dominant
▪Is tongue rolling dominant or recessive?
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Tongue rolling
rr
rr
rrrr
rr
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Tongue rolling
rr
rr
rrrr
rr Rr
Rr
Rr
Rr
Rr Rr
▪If a roller parent has a non-roller child the parent must be heterozygous.
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Albinism- recessive or dominant?
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Albinism - a recessive condition▪If two unaffected individuals give rise to an affected child, the allele for the affected condition is recessive
▪The unaffected parents are carriers (heterozygous)
▪Thus recessive conditions can skip severalgenerations
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Polydactyly- recessive or dominant?
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Brachydactylyrecessive or dominant?