Submitted to : Dr. Pardeep Kumar Presented by : Ajay Chauhan

Production Technologyof

Peas

Botanical Name : Pisum sativum L.

Chromosome number : 2n=2x=14

Family : Leguminosae

Primary Centre of Origin : Central Asia

Secondary centre of origin : Near East Important off-season cash crops of zone-II, III & IV of HP. Area in HP: >21000 hectare with production of 202621MT

Zone-II: Winter Zone-III & IV: Summer

INTRODUCTION

USES OF PEA Rich source : protein (25%) amino acids sugars(12%)

carbhohydrates vitamin A and C

Ecological advantage : fixing atmospheric nitrogen Leaves used as pot herb in Myanmar.

Oil from ripened seed – antisex hormonic effect

Seeds should be used for contraceptive, fungistatic & spermicide.

Green peas are the number one processed vegetable specifically in UK and USA.

VARIETIES

Early Varieties: Arkel: Dwarf variety suitable for growing in all the agro-climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh having 8-9 seeds per pod.. Average yield is 55 q/ha.

VL -7: Dwarf, light green wrinkled seeded with 6-8 seeds per pod. Average yield is 50 q/ha.

Matar Ageta: Dwarf variety, mature one week earlier to Arkel and productivity is 10-15 percent higher than Arkel.

Punjab 89: This is a high yielding variety with attractive and shining pods of 10-12 cm long having 9-12 seeds per pod. the average yield of the variety is 140 q/ha. Palam Priya (DPP-68): The variety is released from CSKHPKV, Palampur having yield (125 q/ha) and resistance to powdery mildew disease.

Solan Nirog: It is released from Dr. YS Parmar UHF and resistant to powdery mildew disease. Average yield is 130 q/ha. Suitable for Zone II and Zone III.

GC-477: Pods are dark green with 7-8 seeds per pod. It is susceptible to powdery mildew but tolerant to Aschochyta blight and Bacterial blight diseases.

Palam Smool: This is recently released variety from CSKHPKV, Palampur, having big size pods (12-14 cm in length) and average productivity is 140 q/ha.

The other main season varieties of pea recommended for cultivation in Himachal Pradesh are Bonneville, VL-3 and Kinnauri.

MAIN SEASON VARIETIES

CLIMATE

Pea is typically a cool season crop

Optimum temperature for seed germination is 22˚C

Even though seeds germinate at 5˚ C, speed of germination is less

Early stage of crop is tolerant to frost, but flowering and fruit development are adversely affected by frost

Optimum monthly mean temperature for growth of plants is 10-18.3o C.

As temperature increases the maturity is hastened and yield is reduced

Quality of pods produced is also low at high temperature due to conversion of sugars to hemicellulose and starch.

SOIL TYPE

• Crop prefers well drained, loose and friable loamy soil for early crop and clayey soil for high yield

• Ideal pH is 6.0-7.5 and it grows under alkaline soil

• If soil is acidic, liming is recommended

In Himachal Pradesh Early varieties:

Low Hills: September –October Mid Hills: September (first fortnight) High Hills: March –June in high hills. Main Season Varieties:

Low & Mid Hills: November High Hills: October-November and March-June

SOWING TIME

Early Varieties : 140-150Kg/ ha Main Season Varieties : 80-90Kg/ha

Early Varieties : 30 x 5 cm2 Main Season Varieties : 45-60 x 10 cm2

SEED RATE

SPACING

10 tonnes of farmyard manure

25 kg N , 70 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O are recommended for one hectare.

Entire dose is drilled at the time of seed sowing.

If fertilizers are coming in contact with seeds, there will be severe injury to seeds.

Fertilizer should be applied in bands at 7-8 cm away and 2.5 cm deeper from seeds.

Application of sodium molybdate @ 40 kg/ha either as per or post emergence spray is reported to increase yield and collar rot resistance in peas.

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

IRRIGATION

Optimum moisture at the time of sowing: For proper germination

Irrigate at 10-12 days interval

Water stress at the time of flowering and pod filling stage reduces the yield drastically.

• Lasso (alachlor) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha or tribunal @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha or pendemethalin 0.5 kg a.i. / ha as pre emergence spray along with one hand weeding at 25-45 days after sowing is very effective for weed control.

• Inter-culture when plants are 15 cm high, tall varieties should be stacked with wooden sticks or twigs for trailing.

• A single row of stakes fixed in middle of raised bed will support both rows of plants in each bed.

INTERCULTURE AND WEEDING

Pods should be harvested at proper stage and time for getting higher market prices

Pods should be properly filled at the time of harvesting

Delay in picking of pods adversely affects the quality of pods and colour of pods also fades

Normally pods are harvested 4-5 times at an interval of 7-10 days

However, in dry temperate areas, the entire crop is harvested in 2-3 pickings only

Under organic farming conditions, the average productivity of early varieties is 50-60 q/ha and main season varieties is 120-150 q/ha.

HARVESTING AND YIELD

PESTS AND DISEASES

Major pests : Stem fly Pea aphid Leaf miner Pod borer

Major diseases : Wilt Root-rot, Powdery mildew Rust Ascochyta blight Pod rot

THANK YOU