Pear Physiological Disorders A

Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By

Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM

KPK MINFAL Pakistan

Pear Core Breakdown

Symptoms

•A senescent disorder resulting from storing fruit beyond its postharvest life. A brown, soft breakdown of the core and surrounding tissues. May develop in storage or soon after transfer to warm temperatures. In Bosc, symptoms may be preceded by vascular browning as the fruit ripens. In Bartlett, the watery, brown tissue separates easily from the healthy tissue.

Core Breakdown. Pear, Bartlett

Pears: Flesh Spot Decay

Symptoms •

Partial browning of spots and/or development of cavities in Asian pear flesh. It appears along and around the vascular bundles when the symptoms are severe, but there is no external indication of the disorder. Generally, FSD is more pronounced above the equator of the fruit (towards the stem end), but it can also be observed all the way down to the calyx. Cavities are usually dry and surrounded by apparently healthy tissue. This disorder can occur in fruit while still on the tree. It is more obvious, however, after 2-6 week cold storage

Pears: Internal Browning

Symptoms •

Development of brown to dark brown water-soaked areas in the core and/or flesh occur during storage. There is no visible external indication of internal browning.

Pears: Senescent Scald

Symptoms •

Brown to black discoloration of the skin associated with fruit which have become yellow in storage and lost their capacity to ripen normally. Browning is initially restricted to the skin but progresses rapidly into the flesh, particularly upon transfer of the fruit to warm temperatures. Browned skin becomes weak and is easily sloughed off in later stages of senescence. Often associated with core breakdown. Decay may follow secondarily. Taste and odor of the fruit are very disagreeable even before discoloration

Pears: Watery Breakdown

Symptoms •

Watery breakdown, as the name implies, is a soft, watery deterioration of affected tissue. When the affected tissue is cut or punctured, juice flows out of the fruit. Typically, the involved tissue is in the outer portions of the flesh, but in severe cases can move into the core tissue. The affected tissue is not discolored during early stages, but becomes brown with time

Bartlett Pear: Watery Breakdown

• PotassiumDeficiency SymptomsChlorosis along the edges of leaves (leaf margin scorching) occurs first in older leaves. Plants lacking K will have slow and stunted growth. Stems are weak. The size of seeds and fruits and the quantity of their production is reduced

• Correction MeasureSoil application of Potassium@2kg/tree/year

• CalciumDeficiency SymptomsSymptoms first appear on the younger leaves and leaf tips. The growing tips of roots and leaves turn brown and die. Newly emerging leaves may stick together at the margins, which causes tearing as the leaves expand and unfurl. Younger leaves may be cupped and crinkled, with the terminal bud deteriorating.

• Correction MeasureSoil application of gypsum@20kg/ha

• MagnesiumDeficiency SymptomsThe deficiency symptom of interveinal chlorosis first appears in older leaves. Leaf tissue between the veins may be yellowish, bronze or reddish, while the leaf veins remain green. In severe cases, symptoms may appear on younger leaves and cause premature leaf drop.

• Correction MeasureSoil application of MgSO4

• BoronDeficiency SymptomsStunted growth, first showing symptoms on the growing point and younger leaves. The leaves tend to be thickened and may curl and become brittle.

• Correction MeasureSoil application of borax 25kg/tree/year

• IronDeficiency SymptomsInterveinal chlorosis in younger leaves. The youngest leaves become yellowish.

• Correction MeasureSoil application of FeSO4@0.5kg/tree.

• ManganeseDeficiency SymptomsSymptoms first appear as chlorosis in young tissues. Unlike Fe chlorosis symptoms, Mn chlorosis shows up as tiny yellow spots.

• Correction MeasureSoil application of MnSO4@10kg/ha