Peace Research 1096 (2)

8/9/2019 Peace Research 1096 (2)

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PEACERESEARCHE

P.OBOX

19683,

CHRISTCHURCH

CHER

No.

10,

1986

ANTARTICHER

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MTARY BUREAUCRAYSORATlO A EVASOTHE BAK BRH SROE

by Dennis mallHowever competent the people in our armed

serices or the Defence and Foreign ffais Departments may be they are human lke the rest of us andcan be the victims of illusions, false assumptionsmistken interpretations biased or distorted viewpoins or js strghtforwrd ctu! eors.Crnlyhe ruh s always proemac and ony a rexchge of information can help reduce te chancesof serious policy mistakes This is all the moreimportant and urgent when the nuclear warfightinginfrastructure continues to spread worldwide, drawing small and nominally independent nations likeNew Zealand into its maw (1)

To quote William rin (who has been caled theUnited tates leading nuclear weapons expert) andhis assstant, ichard Fieldhouse: "The tetacles ofthe nuclear infrastucture are so obscure that mostcountries, even nonnuclear countries where facilitiesare located, do not understand their own contribution t o the arms race(2) Indeed rkin's andFieldhouses research indicates that the so-callednuclear deterrent is growing too complcated tocontol.

Deinitions of national security derived in the pastdo ot necessarily have the same impot in thepresent or immediate future eace esercher'believes that the concept of national security shouldbe constantly open to critical scrutiny and the

application of new knowledge and information Yett has ofen proved very difcult for us and fellowNew Zealanders to get adequate information fromour own Defence Department despite repeatedrequests under the Ofcial Information ct and evenappeals to the Obudsman

al SlenceFar too much information is currently suppressed

which should be made available in a demoracy.nexample of obviously unnecessary secrecy is theocial silence associated with the adford-Collinsgreement despite the fact that information relatingo this agreement is openly available in ustralia

another signatory nation This particular agreementhas had a very significant impact upon our defenceposture and yet remains shrouded in secrecy Itevidently commits us, as does the NZUMgreement, to participation as a unior partner in anallied system of maritime sueillance and nuclearnti-ubmarine Warfare (W)(3)

Independent support for eace esearchers interpretation of the prime signicance of the adfordCollins agreement for New Zealand come from amost interesting quarter Ironicay enough,ThomasDurrell Young, an cademic named as aember of a pro-NZU think tank headed by ex

CI Deputy Director Dr ay Cline, places a similaremphasis on the adfordCollins greement( Heoo indicates the farreaching implication of this

agreement for New ZealandThe people of New Zealand are entitled to a

general understanding of the tes of the agreementsinto which the Government enters in their nameMilitary agreements with foreign powers can profoundly affect our sovereignty and, therefore, theexact extent of our commitments should be madeclear What sort of obligations does New Zealandhave to meet in relation to the other partners? Foriscc, dcs h grmt rquire y hgo ntegence or ar our ards and pors o beopen to foreign military aircraf and ships?

Te Cse of Black BrhIf our Defence Department has remained silent or

evasive on many important issues, its track record ofwhat it has said publicly on nuclear issues in recentyears also gives us little cause for comfort The casehistory to date of the Black Birch affair is illustrativeand revealing of Departmental policyIt is now well

documented.Our Defence Department has consistently deniedclaims that the Black Birch atronomical facility ispart of the U nuclear infrastructure.Yet there ismuch evidence in fact that the information on starpositions and motions obtained from Black Birch willbe used for the guidance of nucear ballistic missiles

Ts evidence even includes a specic reference tothe major military research funcion of Black Birch inan ofcial U government document (5). It is amusingtht U emassy pkmn, ommntng hireference, said that nothing could be read into" asimple case of bureaucratic language(6) ince our

Defence Department accepted ts merican explanation the obvious lesson for us would seem to be totreat with great care any ofcial communication fromthe New Zealand or merican defence bueaucracies

Various damning evidence as accumulated overthe years on the military role of Black Birch(7) Itwas reported in The Dominion in anuary 982 thata radio report from Washington stated that the BlackBirch project was receiving miltary funding and wasregarded in the U as a mlitay instalation(8)ccording to the U enate Construction ppropriations for 1982 the U Naval Observatory wouldobtain the location of stars in the sou the hemisphere

" with the increased accuray that is required formilitary purposes The merican tate Departmentconrmed that Naval observatory work was fundedin the military budget " and justied onmilitary grounds

few days later, The Dominion quoted from apublic information pamphlet prepared by the UNaval Observatoy for visitors: "vailability of suchobsevations soon is important for many Departmentof Defense users particularly strategic systems incethere are 0 nations in the souhern hemisphere thatprovide such accurate positions mission requirementske it imperaive for the Nava Obseratory to makethese obserations(9)

Despe these ofcial statements the then Ministerof Foreign ffairs, Mr Coope, stated that he wassatised with the contradictory merican explanationabout the strictly civilian purpose of Black Birch.( 0)


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v, M p y v th m s tht th cty s t t r mtrybcts bt pimi r cv sctc s th ck t st sm mtry ctr th cty , pbcy rcz thct tht . mtry s s mtry srsmy vty bt rm t

St tr 83 th th Mstr DcMr Thms m thr rvt t th ct

tht " t ty US mtry prcts pprtrr t Mt Jh ck rch r t y mprtt h t b cr trts! rchr hv vr cm hs cts r cr trts bt th cm mtry cts s ty crm by thmst

pp s ss h vy r sch rsrch t . t b bsc rsrch r th s Dr tht th Trt sbmch mss b by str vt systm

Othrhhy rr cr r trts hvcrm Dr s ssssmt Ark hshv rprt tht th ck rch cy s prt th Amrc cr rstrct ] 4 A

thr r th s s th th Amrcrctr th ck rch Obstry Mr Dsbs th Z crry Dc Ms Mcc sct s rrt 4 Mr Mcs tht th rsrch s ck Brch b vb t vr s prt trtprrmm strmc rsrch!

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ts nal that th ata wll b of immeite ltas) ncats fth santc a-plan on thpat of th Dpatnt an a nal fnsvposton on Acan faclts n Nw Zalann 'Str Wr, oo

n aton to sbans th wll b oth ssof th Black Bch ata Th nns wll b sflfo th latst on n th as ac th RaaAnstaons stablzn Sta Was' poaAs D Patca Lws a b of SANA an aAcklan phscst has sa, Black Bh s not jstpart the nul ifastuu, It s pa o thSta Was nfastct( l)

ntstnl Akn an lhos onstathow Black Bch s not th onl US Naval bsvatolta sach poa to sha nfoaton wthth Rssans Th ocnt a all bza lnk nth ncla nfastct bsvatons collct bphotoaphc znth tb nstnts a to knowl of th "th otatonal attt an spnaxsontaton of th Eath wth spct to a stllafnc sst() Ths knowl has . aw an of applcatons ncln os satlltnavaton an wepon eivery n 98 thUS Navl bsvao not that ts own obsvatonsH hav otnl bn snt an a stll bn sntto th Ba ntnatonal l'H fo avanwth sla ata fo 75 oth obsvaos 0 ofwhch a locat n const onts Sch ath coplx acatons toa of th lobalncla nfastct a ltha ctops wthntcatl ntanl ttacls

All n all Nw Zalan tslf hasshown a akabl llnnss ov th as to assst n sach on

fst stk' tchnolos. Th Nap otc satllttnal 975978) was a Nw Zalan sctcontbton to pov CB accac 8) whlpocts Pss' an ant (a b th US Dpz bas at Hawoo apot Chstchch) havalso bn conc wth ncla ssl anctho ASW sach contns owas thnnn of ncla tnc an th nhancnt of Acan st stk plns At th sa tNw Zalan patcpats n sct ants lkth RafoCollns ant whch ot ocont to actal lta acton as ctat bsppow patvs

The Bk Birh SynromeTh Nw Zalan Dfnc Dpatnt has aopta pblc latons appoach to th oth US bass nths cot whch s sla to that takn to thBlack Bch faclt n th Dpatnt nsthat th a an US lta bass o statcfaclts n Nw Zalan( ) t ns th ltaol of th US Naval an A oc faclts atHawoo whch ostnsbl pov sppot onl focvlan Antactc sach n th na patonDp z Ths nal pssts spt all thacclat sach nns of th Ctzns fo thDltasaton of Haoo an oths onstatn th bas's lta ol(19n lk fashon th Dpatnt has n(thoh vaos nsts) that Tanoaa has anthn to o wth th Acan ocan svllancsst an th tatn of ncla waons Aants cla s n th fac of ch vnc to th

conta vnc so sto that th Dpatntsposton spcall vn ts co on sss lkBlack Bch can aslb sss asanothsplcas of bacatc lana(0 Yt th Dpatnt bacac tslf aks no spcc nton ofTanoana n ts Assssnt an ths no ctnal of ths bass tatn ol Af all, anathot on ct b th Dpatt, D Ball anxpt on US bass n Atala s on co as

patl clan that th Tanoaa bas s patof th Acan ocan svllanc an nclatan ss (

Th yndm bcc dil BlckBch an oth sss st povok stons as towhth as ncat b Akn an lhos ofnc ofcals a fll awa of th plcaonsofpttn fclts n Nw Zalan whch contbtto th ncla asac

Th Dpatnt can at ts onstat a contot loc o nstanc t ss to tst th SovtUnon to sa Nw Zalan as a potntal nclatatWh Bcas to tat s wol b llocal

an conta to ts oftn stat polc not to tatnonncla wapon cots sas th Dpant ofDfnc(l) Sl accon to th Dpatnt'sv own assptons s not th Dpatnt ofDfnc bn absl nav n spct of ovlnablt o ncla tatn At all on 0toccasons t potas th Sot Unon asa anosthat to Nw Zalan Wn t cos to nclasss th Dpatnt's cltvat a of haha als can ssolv to sh wshwashnssa t pnav asp an an bolsta sspct stanc.

Phaps n th nal analss w a n toaopt th x of that at Acan onalst Ston who sa All vnts a las annothn th sa shol b blv Lt s hop wa not vn to that xt stat of stst of oocatc nsttons an that th cnt Laboovnnt can xtcat slf fo th boslac lft b pvos Nw Zalan ovnts

REFERENCES( l )Arkin W nd R Fieldhause1985 "ucler Bttlefield; Globl Lk n the rm ce Inttute orPolicy tudie h D.

(2) The Pre June 20 1985(3) ED. h vlble pper ($1) on the dfordoin greement ubmitted prt o it ubmiion to theDeence Enqury, The ente umiion i vilble or 3Alo s s o 5 nd 7.(4) Young ThomDurre! 1985 ew Zelnd'Demm U v Proceedng Augut Young loemphzed the mpct o the Rdford-olin Agreement onZ deence poture pper preented to the PcificForum/Atrlin tudie entre conerence in ydney913 Februy 1986 ee lo hi ticle in Pcic Deenceeporter Mrch 1986 pp 1515) 1982 Finncil Yer ilitr ontruction Budge Hermg o the ongrenl omtee on Approprition,V! pp 123-124(6) ew Zelnd Time' n3 1982,() A brie hitory up to mid-1983 i gien n oernment Doublethin on Blck Brch. Z ucler Free Zoneommttee PO Box 18541 rtcch tlogue Itemo. 1-44

(8) The Domnion' Jn, 3 192.


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(9 The Domnon' Feb 2 1921 he Sa' Ap 1 1982.(11) he Sa May 2 1983.(12 isamament and Ams Conol: Repo of he SeleCommee on oegn Aas and eence (NZ) 198 p-

(1) he S Aprl 1 1981

(14) he Sa and The Pess June 18 198) Te lassfed daa goes no

he Dahlgen Geneal

Caaloue mananed y e ahlgen Nava WonLaboaoy. Se ale by CACZ n NZ Monhl 9 The $$ une 81) Se e 1) pp 13-14(18 Peae eseahe No 8 19819 Czens o he emaon of Haewood, POBox228 hshuh See he newsee, Base See alspevos Peae eseahes espeay Nos 2 and 2) Wlkes, Owen 1984. "Tangmona Ou Mo Impoan

Base Peaelk Apl; Pee Wlls 198 Spy vs SpyNew ulook Mah/Apl JT helson and Ba198 The Ts ha Bnd negene Coopeaon bewee

he UKUSA Counes. Aen and Unwn, Sydney pp 194 2921 See lso pevos Peae Reseahes des-ng he losely elaed mm oean sellane and ASageemns21 Se, fo eample, The omon Apl 1984 Bahad eale made he lam n a pape o he May 198oeg Po?y ShooCoeene a Oago Unesy Sealso he Tes 1a Bmd ef. 2 ) o a een dealedsaemn

NEW RESOURES

AVAIBLE

FRO 'PEAE RESEARHER

T foowg c commdd dvb fom PEACE RSEARCHER 1c. g u ogCningency Oerseas Deymens f Nuceareans: A Ro, by Wm M Ak 2 gThe

Sie Unin as a Pacific Miiary Pwer by

om d cd Au fc yPu Dbb 6 g'Australi Bites Off More Than The RN Can Chewby Thomas-Durrel Young. On Australia's commitmen(s throug the Radford-Collins Agreement 3gNuclear Wa at Sea' byDesmondBall oftheAustral-ian National University. An analysis of the currenthjgh risks ofnuclearwarby accident at sea 1 pages.

WOULD THE S. VIOLATE NULEAR fREE ZONES?

Yes according to new infomation about

secret nucear wepons deployment pans

I buy 1985 o w d o ubjc of Cogcy Ov Doym of

Nuc Wo T o by Wm Ak, of Iu fo Pocy Sud Wgo Dvd Pd Auozo d bgv o US my o doy uc wdo g cou gvm o cQucudg Cd Icd P d S d o b coud I oug Ak vo cud om ofcovy d goou objco fom dd uc o o

Pc Rc v obd coy of mo d offg o ou d u g of w ouc w

u) T mo fo Nw Zdo d d o ubc wdy dug m fdfc db. T foowg om ky ofom wc gy v o NwZd Vuy of uod doym 0

g o vov -ubm ucd bomb T my mo dv fc fo Nw Zd o od Ouubm O cf cuy udgog v modo w s-of--coc d wo ym T modobg bfo ANZUS ow bg o vovcoc d um fo dy o ucd bomb, cy vovd g fo doym of uc wd wou kowdg of o o gv mco fo NwZd uc oc P o doyuc wo Cd, cd d S ffo o o-uc oc of o

cou Ak Nuc doym vd ofy o gob co of US c gyAoug Nw Zd w o d mog g cou 985 w c v o codcwov ou couy o o uc ody


10/12

NS DCMNS

QSD

Issue 9 PEACE RESEARCHER' used te my m gemets bdg e ANZUSptes but tee ests te set gemetseted dety t te ANZUS Tety tse Te

4 eg Ppes peped t -mgMste Deee desbes sees geedANZUS dumets' estbs py gudees pg ANZUS ttes d ttgmbed e tepebty'

Te dumets ete t geemets gstd equpmet mttes pet peduess tts d tg PEACERESEARCHR t beg t s equsted udete O mt At stg tesegeed dumet f ped 9 Tme te ete yet te ye te subste ANZUS em dde m pub e

S FSS LS

DLS N

982 MMNDMWe te USS u s eused ety t

Ne Zed pts Ne Zed Msty Deees ee te mdst egttg t teUS utepts ees t te 92 Mmdum

Udestdg Lgst Suppt Ts ptu geemet ped tes e tsued sme mts te Ne Zed beme sgty beuse t pded t et dana U mt acraf dug ss s e s te pe-psg US mtyde

Negtts te ees et tpet mmuts d eets se s ettg d det te pedues eebded g Wsgts des t utdeee pet t Ne Zed.Te NeZed Msty Deee s tte t PEACE

RESEARCHER sttg tt te US Deptmet Deee s t peped t eese y te dtstt ee ude dsuss Adgy teNZMD s ed e me Set teO mt At Subjet sed but tgtte. 10

364 AGREEENTSPEACE RESEARCER s py st

sme 34 US/Cd deee gemets eg su us subes s A Deee Cmmuts Lgsts Mtme Opets NueWeps Rese d Deepmet d SedLesed ses

Su gemets equety tet ptte t US es d besde tse by 9 CREERE, re es v det ppt t Ne Zed Amgst tesee

* A Ageemet te Mtee USAFAt* Ageemet At Opets Requed USMty Opets* Ege Ntes equest e USDeee Mppg Agey t stbs gedet

psts

MOU Ceg NAVSTAR Gb PstgSystem d;* Seet-See Ageemet At-SubmeWe OpetsPEACE RESEARCER' s g tese up

t m equests mt m te ZMsty Deee

Te mst sgt te 34 geemets ee t Ne Zed g mty emet s geemet egg tegegteed m ets AtSubme WeASW ese d depmet Te geemet me t e Juy 24 974 s dete dut d es s te UKAust d te US

CECN ssue 9 pg 8Te st pgp ude t edg Subme

Suee' sud ed t te g etedetee . te S N Oe Sueemt System ptes et

ud 40 t 5 g-equey detdgstts udg te NZ ty t Tgmt te dP sub-system JT Resd D Te Tes Tt d' p 202 ge gue sme 20 stts te dP subsystem ae.)


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USSIE LESSNS

fOR NEW ZELND?

OH uclea issues Australia as had a y rerd

o breaucratic sabotage, poliUcally cntrived

secrecy ad manipulation of the public. In particular

one should ask whether its history of disinforationwith regard to American basesand facilities has any

lessons forNew Zealand? Thereis certainly plentytopder

I y 197 the tr ter DeeeJ e ty dmtted tht he t begkept rmed by h deprtmet t bt theSbe mgy, tr pb ertere ttemptg t te tme t thhd rmt

rm the demrty eeted repreette thetr pepe

deed exI get, Vtr rhett, eted tee tere tht te tr Itegee Sere rked th the I medg thetr Prme ter O eer theS h mde gt ddt t me therbe tr tht the tr germetkedge Regry ed drmt thetr pb h b tety ept thedrk bt the er rtrgetg d mmt prpe the mer be

rety, the tete grd tt t Nrrgr Sth tr beg pgrded t py r re the Reg dmtrt' p tght d " er t ery gt tht the tr Prmet t eeded bt th pgrdg Irmt bt thepgrdg rt ert rm dmet pbrerd the S

The tr Deee Deprtmet h eered t germet tht mer be tr d be ed tht tr kedge t tte d prt S t dde

Hw " WE oN SAM w ND W R Y" 'L

?T ? 1, =t -..',":;: 11

t r mer e tr dg Deep Freee hrthrh ere pt "rd_) ert the 3 dde t rse tht thkedge r t the geret eed

Lte t yer ter g htry e thetr Feder Germet td the trpb rthe rt tme tht the t Strte t Nrth Wet pe, Pe Gp d Nrrgrhe er rghtg re t he thegemet hd y treed the rm tr dert t he be thgh t hd

eety me t dmt the t tht the Sbe mke the tr pepe er trgett reety te e S trtegy g

r preempte trke gt erbt me bme t the trt et r h g mde tetr gemet h hd repetedy deedy pbe re r the be S rt trke p Nrth et pe d t be the rey ttr trt r the S t t ttk hterker bmre

e the dgery rte pe theS y the P d t r err

reg er r derbed by tg

Nt Reerh etre reerher Peter Hye dLyb rky, e mt me tht Tgm prt the S e ee d trgetgytem deepy mpted the S prgrmmerpreempt d er r Ne edmt get tr th be r te d dte rm the er mde reg perper

l C; e, M

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12/12

.

NUCLEAR-FEE KIWIS

" !

-

- 4 ,

---- - -"' -

GYOUR TOES IN, NWZALDR Preseve our Nclear Free Zone

,- i g n o re ra de hatsS op U.S me ng n N Z. a ffa rRess subverson of our emocracy

Wok for srong ncear free egsaon.

Don't le bu y tacis scae yu.

Dg your s, New Zeland!

We ek u sppoDonn gaefu Iy aceped ohep py s advet and:

ue ades ogou N Z eseach an moo g omed a pbcy nd nmato ales

1- - NU C LEA R FR EE K W S

P.O. BOX 2 LNLN COLLEG E II TRBRY (Name) . : . . . . . . . 1 -d) .

. . . .

.

. . .

. . .

I , . , . I

Dto $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L _ _ _

Peace Research 1096 (2)

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