Peace Corps Using PACA: 2005

8/21/2019 Peace Corps Using PACA: 2005

1/178

Zboab Alrps

Kibo Gll`

Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi BxamohebZugdkaotklh Hl. C::=>

Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlrAlccuhkty Oatklh

ZOAO


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Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb

Ymb Zboab Alrps Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb (KAB), o uhkt ln tmbLnab ln Lvbrsbos Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Qupplrt (LZOYQ), cò bsovokdogdb tmb strotbekbs ohi tbamhldlekbs ibvbdlpbi gy Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs,tmbkr al-wlr̀ brs, ohi tmbkr aluhtbrports tl ibvbdlpcbht lreohkzotklhs ohiwlr̀ brs wml ckemt hi tmbc usbnud. KAB wlr̀ s wktm Zboab Alrps tbamhkaod ohitrokhkhe spbakodksts tl kibhtkny ohi ibvbdlp khnlrcotklh ln odd ̀ khis tl supplrtl̂duhtbbrs ohi lvbrsbos stonn. KAB odsl alddbats ohi ikssbckhotbs trokhkhe

eukibs, aurrkaudo, dbsslh pdohs, prlfbat rbplrts, cohuods, ohi ltmbr Zboab Alrps-ebhbrotbi cotbrkods ibvbdlpbi kh tmb bdi. Qlcb cotbrkods orb rbprkhtbi —os ks–0ltmbrs prlvkib o slurab ln bdi-gosbi khnlrcotklh nlr tmb prliuatklh ln cohuods

lr nlr rbsboram kh portkaudor prleroc orbos. Cotbrkods tmot ylu sugckt tl KABgbalcb port ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ dorebr alhtrkgutklh tl ibvbdlpcbht.

Ymks pugdkaotklh wos prliuabi gy Zboab Alrps LZOYQ. Kt ks ikstrkgutbitmrluem tmb KAB uhkt. Nlr nurtmbr khnlrcotklh oglut KAB cotbrkods (pbrklikaods,gll̀ s, vkibls, bta.) ohi khnlrcotklh sbrvkabs, lr nlr oiiktklhod alpkbs ln tmkscohuod, pdbosb alhtoat KAB ohi rbnbr tl tmb KAB aotodle hucgbr tmot oppborslh tmb pugdkaotklh.

Zboab AlrpsLnab ln Lvbrsbos Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Qupplrt

Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi Bxamoheb???? 7:tm Qtrbbt, HU, Qkxtm Ndllr

Uosmkhetlh, IA 7:27> Ybd6 7:7.>;7.7>9:Nox6 7:7.>;7.7>9?

Ogrkiebi Ibwby Ibakcod Adosskaotklh (IIA) Hucgbr6 1:5.?

Qmorb ylur bxpbrkbhab!

Oii ylur bxpbrkbhab tl tmb KAB Wbslurab Abhtbr. Qbhi ylur cotbrkods tl ussl wb aoh smorb tmbc wktm ltmbr ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs. [lur tbamhkaod khskemtssbrvb os tmb gosks nlr tmb ebhbrotklh ln KAB cotbrkods, rbprkhts, ohi trokhkhe

cotbrkods. Ymby odsl bhsurb tmot KAB ks prlvkikhe tmb clst up-tl-iotb khhlvotkvbprlgdbc-sldvkhe tbamhkqubs ohi khnlrcotklh ovokdogdb tl ylu ohi ylur nbddlwibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs.


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ZOAO6Rskhe

Z ortkakZotlry o hodysks

nlr

alccRhkty o atklh

Zoa Alrps

7::2

Khnlrcotklh Alddbatklh ohi BxamohebZugdkaotklh Hl. C::=>

Wbprkhtbi Oprkd 7:?:


4/178

ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh

7 Zboab Alrps

Oalwdiects

Hucbrlus nkbdi ohi mboiquortbrs stonn wlr̀ bi tl alcpdbtb tmks

pugdkaotklh, ZOAO6 Rskhe Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty

Ibvbdlpcbht K ibo Gll` . Umkdb kt alhtokhs lrkekhod alhtbht ohi upiotbi

bxocpdbs, kt ks odsl gosbi lh bdi tbstbi rbslurabs, khaduikhe tmbZOAO6

Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe Cohuod

PKAB Hucgbr C::21S ohi tmb sbrkbs ln gll̀ dbts tmot alcprksb tmb

Ebhibr ohi Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe ohi Ekrd s‛ Biuaotklh Cohuod PKAB Hucgbr C::29S. Ymb Zboab Alrps opprbakotbs tmb alhtrkgutklhs

ln ortkadbs, kibos ohi pmltleropms gy ̂ lduhtbbrs, aluhtbrports ohi stonn

tmrluemlut tmb wlrdi0 ohi tmb bnnlrts ln odd tmlsb wml portkakpotbi kh

tmks prlabss.


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1

Altts

Khtrliuatklh ....................................................................................2

Amoptbr ?6 Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht ............=

Umot Ks Qustokhogdb Ibvbdlpcbht< .........................................?:

Ymb Wldb ln Zortkakpotlry Oatkvktkbs kh Ibvbdlpcbht .............?>

Umot ks ZOAO ohi Mlw Iki kt Bvldvb< ..................................?=

Umy ks tmb Ebhibr Alhhbatklh sl Kcplrtoht< ........................7:

Umot orb Ebhibr Wldbs< ...................................................7:

Umot ks Ebhibr Ohodysks ...................................................7?

Mlw tl Rsb ZOAO nlr Ebhibr Ohodysks ...........................79

Quccory .................................................................................7=

Amoptbr 76 Umot Orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds7

Q k̀dds Hbbibi tl Kcpdbcbht ZOAO .........................................>7 Zroatkakhe ZOAO6 Alccuhkty Zrbporotklh ohi Nlddlw-up .....52

Amoddbhebs nlr ̂ lduhtbbrs ........................................................=:


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9 Zboab Alrps

Amoptbr 26 Mlw tl Rsb tmb Clst Alcclh Yllds ......................=2

Alccuhkty Coppkhe ..............................................................=2 Iokdy Oatkvkty Qambiudbs .........................................................;2

Qboslhod Aodbhiors ................................................................?:1

Zrklrkty Woh̀ khe ....................................................................??7

Amoptbr >6 Rskhe Ltmbr Zortkakpotlry Yllds ............................?7?

Ymb Ebhibr Alhhbatklh ohi @bbpkhe @hlwdbieb kh tmb Alccuhkty .................................?7?

Ltmbr Yllds ohi Wbslurabs .....................................................?77

Qlakod Hbtwlr̀ Coppkhe Ylld ................................................?71

Mlusbmldi Dkvbdkmlli Ohodysks ..............................................?7>

Rskhe o Norckhe Qystbcs Ikoeroc Ylld

nlr Mlusbmldi Dkvbdkmlli Ohodysks ........................................?1:

Oppbhikabs ..................................................................................?12

K. Grkhekhe tmb Yllds Ylebtmbr6

Umot kt Wboddy Dll̀ s Dk`b ..............................................?15

KK. Nrlc Yllds tl OKIQ Oatklh ............................................?2:

KKK. Oioptotklh ln tmb Hkebr ZOAO Yrokhkhe Mohigll̀ .......?25

Wbslurabs ....................................................................................?59


7/178

2

Ktrliatkl Ymks kibo gll̀ oiirbssbs ̀ by alhabpts kh twl bordkbr Zboab Alrps‛

pugdkaotklhs, Zortkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh (ZOAO)

Cohuod PKAB Hl. C::21S, ohi tmbEbhibr ohi Ibvbdlpcbht Yrokhkhe

Cohuod PKAB Hl. C::29S. Ymbsb prbvklus rbslurabs wbrb doreb

trokhkhe cohuods tmot khtrliuabi ZOAO tl stonn ohi ̂ lduhtbbrs kh tmb

alhtbxt ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ opprloam

tl ibvbdlpcbht. Qkhab ZOAO hlw

mos gbbh usbi kh tmb oebhay nlr cohy

ybors, tmks kibo gll̀ wos ibskehbi tl

ekvb o nlausbi mkstlry ohi ibsarkptklh

ln ZOAO, wmkdb smorkhe bxabddbht

bxocpdbs nrlc tmb bdi tmot kddustrotb

mlw ̂ lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr alccuhktkbs,

mlst aluhtry lreohkzotklhs ohi Zboab

Alrps prlfbats movb usbi tmbsb tllds

suaabssnuddy. K t ks odsl khtbhibi tl

suppdbcbht bxbraksbs kh tmb alrb prb-

sbrvkab trokhkhe cohuod Wldbs ln tmb

^lduhtbbr kh Ibvbdlpcbht PKAB Hl.

Y:::2S0 lr rbkhnlrab nluhiotklhod s̀ kdds iurkhe lr prklr tl kh-sbrvkab

trokhkhe’alcpdbcbhtkheYmb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht

(ZIC ) Yrokhkhe Cohuod PKAB Hl. Y:?:5S.

Odtmluem ZOAO6 Rskhe Zor tkakpotlry Ohodysks nlr Alccuhkty Oatklh

wos wrkttbh nlr Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs, tmbkr aluhtbrports, ohi stonn,

tmb ebhibr-sbhsktkvb portkakpotlry opprloam aoh gb usbi gy ohy erlup

lr lreohkzotklh. Kh noat, tmluem Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs orb slcbtkcbsrbnbrrbi tl os tmb prkcory —ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs,– tmb kcpoat ln tmbkr

wlr̀ aoh movb o wkibr kcpoat kn ltmbr alccuhkty dboibrs, lnab coho-

ebrs, ylutm erlups, oickhkstrotlrs, biuaotlrs, lr HELs odsl uhibrstohi

mlw tl usb o aopoakty-gukdikhe nrocbwlr̀ tl strbhetmbh erlups wktm

wmlc ̂ lduhtbbrs dkvb ohi wlr̀ .

Khtrliuatklh


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> Zboab Alrps

Qccory ln Altts

Amoptbr lhb sbts tmb alhtbxt wktm o ibsarkptklh ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛aopoakty-gukdikhe opprloam tl ibvbdlpcbht, tmb rldb ln portkakpotlry

oatkvktkbs kh tmot opprloam, ohi khnlrcotklh lh mlw tl gbttbr uhibrstohi

tmb kcpoat ln ebhibr rldbs ohi rbdotklhs kh alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht.

Amoptbr twl ibsarkgbs tmb nlur prkcory portkakpotlry tllds usbi kh

ZOAO odlhe wktm o vorkbty ln bxocpdbs tmot kddustrotb mlw tmby movb

gbbh usbi.

Amoptbr tmrbb ohswbrs tmb

qubstklh6 —Umot il ylu il

ontbr tmb ohodysks


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5

Amoptbr nkvb ibsarkgbs kh

ibtokd mlw tl alhiuat tmb nlur

clst alcclhdy usbi tllds6

alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy

oatkvkty sambiudbs,sboslhod

aodbhiors, ohihbbis ossbss-

cbht/prklrkty roh k̀he.

Ibsarkptklhs khaduib bxoc-

pdbs ln mlw qubstklhs ohi

ibgrkbnkhe ckemt gb vorkbi

ibpbhikhe uplh tmb erlup

ohi tmb purplsb nlr uskhe tmb

tlld. Wbkhnlrakhe tmb alhtbht

kh amoptbr tmrbb, o ibsarkptklh

ln prklrkty roh̀ khe smlws mlw

tl trohsktklh nrlc ohodysks tl

oatklh.

Nkhoddy,amoptbr skxibsarkgbs

oiiktklhod oatkvktkbs ohi

rbslurabs nlr portkakpotlry

ohodysks, ohi iksaussbs b̀y

noatlrs tl mbdp bhsurb ylu usb

ohy tlld kh o ebhibr-sbhsktkvbwoy. Ymb Oppbhikabs khaduib

twl ibtokdbi bxocpdbs ln mlw tmb usb ln ZOAO-typb tllds mos dbi tl

skehkaoht nlddlw-up prlfbats ibtbrckhbi gy tmb alccuhkty.

Ymb portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs

^lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr mlst

aluhtbrports alhiuat lr al-

noakdktotb kh ZOAO orb lntbh

rbnbrrbi tl os —tllds– gbaousb

tmby orb usbi dk`b tllds nlr

spbaknka purplsbs, suam os6

• Yl mbdp iknnbrbht erlups

smorb khnlrcotklh ohipbrspbatkvbs oclhe

tmbcsbdvbs0

• Yl bhogdb o alccuhkty tl

kibhtkny tmbkr lwh rbslurabs

ohi hbbis0

• Yl prlvkib o woy ln

prklrktkzkhe sbvbrod hbbis lribskrbs0 lr

• Yl bhsurb oh oatkvkty ks

pdohhbi ot oh opprlprkotb

tkcb nlr tmb khtbhibi

portkakpohts.

Khtrliuatklh


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= Zboab Alrps

Ykes tl Alskir os [l WoiAoptr ?Y Zoa Alrps‛ Opprloatl Idlpct

Ymb Zboab Alrps ibsarkgbs ibvbd-

lpcbht kh mucoh, pblpdb-tl-pblpdb,tbrcs’mbdpkhe pblpdb ibvbdlp tmb

aopoakty tl kcprlvb tmbkr lwh dkvbs.

Gy wlr̀ khe wktmkh o mucoh aopo-

akty-gukdikhe nrocbwlr̀ , tmb nlaus

ln ^lduhtbbrs‛ wlr̀ ks lh strbhetm-

bhkhe tmb aopoakty ln cbh, wlcbh,

ekrds ohi glys tl oatkvbdy portkakpotbkh tmbkr lwh ibvbdlpcbht.

Gbaousb ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs

lntbh oiirbss spbaka hbbis, ot rst

edohab tmby coy sbbc tl nlaus lh

bxpohikhe scodd guskhbssbs, bstog-

dksmkhe trbb hursbrkbs, khktkotkhe

amkdi kccuhkzotklhs, lr kcprlvkhe

oerkaudturod prliuatklh, oclhe

cohy ltmbr plsskgkdktkbs. [bt, o

aopoakty-gukdikhe opprloam nlausbs

lh bcplwbrkhe dlaod pblpdb tl

gb tmbkr lwh ibaksklh-cò brs ohi

ibvbdlp tmb s̀ kdds tl aorry lut tmlsb

ibaksklhs ohi kcprlvb tmbkr dkvbs.

Ymb nlddlwkhe ks o ibsarkptklh ln

tmb Zboab Alrps‛ aopoakty-gukdikhe

nrocbwlr̀ .

Ymb kibo gll`, Qcodd

Zrlfbat Osskstohab6

Qupplrtkhe Qustokhogdb

Alccuhkty Ibvbdlp-

cbht PKAB Hl. C::=7S

elbs tmrluem tmb

prlabss ln pdohhkhe,

cohoekhe ohi

bvoduotkhe o dlaod

alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht

oatkvkty lhab prklrktkbs

movb gbbh kibhtkbi.


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;

Aopoakty-Gkdike Nrocwlr

Yl gb oh bnnbatkvb opprloam tl ibvbdlpcbht, aopoakty gukdikhe

hbbis tl moppbh ot o hucgbr ln dbvbds.

Kikkiod ccgrs ln t alcckty, prlfat portk-akpots6 Ymbsb aludi gb tmb stuibhts kh o adossrllc, norcbrs kh oallpbrotkvb, lr adkbhts sbrvbi gy o hlhelvbrhcbhtod lreohkzotklh

(HEL). Gukdikhe aopoakty ot tmbsb dbvbds ks usuoddy o coflr nlaus

ln ^lduhtbbrs.

Zrlnssklods, srka prlkirs6 Ymbsb aludi khaduibtboambrs kh tmb samlld, dboibrs ln tmb HEL, lr cohoebrs ln tmb

norcbrs‛ allpbrotkvb. Umkdb boam ^lduhtbbr mos oh kibhtkbi

alccuhkty porthbr wml coy lr coy hlt gb o sbrvkab prlvkibr,

tmbrb orb ltmbrs ot tmb socb dbvbd ln dboibrsmkp os ̂ lduhtbbrs wml

prlvkib sbrvkabs tl tmb khikvkiuod cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty.

Qtrbhetmbhkhe aopoaktkbs ot tmks dbvbd mbdps bhsurb dlaod dboibrsmkpnlr alhtkhukhe oatkvktkbs khtl tmb nuturb. Aopoakty-gukdikhe oatkvktkbs

ckemt khaduib wlr`smlps, clibdkhe kcprlvbi cbtmlis, trokhkhes,

cbhtlrkhe, lr supplrt kh o alccuhkty oatkvkty.

Lreokzotkls6 Ymbsb aludi khaduib tmb samlld, oh HEL, lr tmbnorcbrs‛ allpbrotkvb wmbrb tmb ̂ lduhtbbr ks pdoabi. Qtrbhetmbhkhe

lreohkzotklhod aopoaktkbs, suam os cohoebcbht s`kdds wktmkh oh

HEL, ibvbdlpkhe cotbrkods wktm tboambrs nlr usb kh o samlld, lr

mbdpkhe mbodtm wlr`brs ibvbdlp o rbalri-`bbpkhe systbc nlr oadkhka, odd mbdp rllt ltmbr oatkvktkbs kh oh lhelkhe, nuhatklhkhe, ohi

supplrtkvb bhvkrlhcbht.

Alccktks6 Ymbsb aludi khaduib tmb vkddoeb lr hbkemglrmllikh wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr dkvbs, lr tmb orbo sbrvbi gy tmb prlfbat

kh wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr ks wlr`khe, lr ohy samlld, HEL, adkhka lr

ltmbr lreohkzotklh wktm wmkam tmb ^lduhtbbr wlr`s. Wboamkhe

lut khtl alccuhktkbs ohi gukdikhe aopoaktkbs wktm oatkvktkbs

suam os arbotkhe o alccuhkty mbodtm alcckttbb, o porbht-tboambr osslakotklh, lr mbdpkhe stuibhts tl lreohkzb oh Bortm

Ioy adboh-up aocpokeh, mbdps grloibh tmb gosb ln portkakpotklh

ohi bhsurb alhtkhukty.

Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ Opprloam tl Ibvbdlpcbht


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?: Zboab Alrps

Uot ks Qstokogd Idlpct<

Ibvbdlpcbht ks soki tl gb sustokhogdb wmbh kt ks ogdb tl alhtkhub lhkts lwh wktmlut lutskib supplrt. Nlr tmb Zboab Alrps, sustokhogdb

ibvbdlpcbht ks o prlabss kh wmkam cbh ohi wlcbh dborh tl gukdi

lh tmbkr lwh strbhetms, tl tò b amoreb ln tmbkr dkvbs, ohi tl oiirbss

tmbkr bxprbssbi hbbis. Cohy iknnbrbht kssubs hbbi tl gb alhskibrbi

kh wlr̀ khe nlr sustokhogkdkty nrlc hotklhod sbatlr-gosbi prlfbats tl

khikvkiuod ̂ lduhtbbr ohi alccuhkty oatkvktkbs. Yl iksalvbr wmkam kssubs

coy gb ot pdoy, os̀ ylursbdn tmb qubstklh6 Ks tmb bnnlrt...

Audturoddy sustokhogdb< Ks tmb goska opprloam lr alhabpt audturoddy

sustokhogdb< Ilbs kt t wktmkh ohi gukdi lh dlaod gbdkbns ohi troiktklhs,

lr wkdd kt gb sbbh os hlt oaabptogdb wmbh ̂ lduhtbbrs dbovb<

Zldktkaoddy sustokhogdb< Umbh tmbrb ks hl dlhebr o nlrbkeh

ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ br kh tmb prlfbat, wkdd kt gb sustokhogdb wktmkh tmb

slaklpldktkaod alhtbxt<

Balhlckaoddy sustokhogdb


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??

Orb wb gukdikhe aopoakty ohi mbdpkhe tl arbotbsustokhogkdkty<

Wboi tmb nlddlwkhe tmrbb sktuotklhs aorbnuddy. Ymb rst port ln boam

sktuotklh wkdd plsb o rbodkstka sabhorkl skckdor tl tmlsb ylu coy

bhaluhtbr wmkdb wlr̀ khe wktm ylur alccuhkty kh tmb bdi. Ymkh̀

oglut boam sktuotklh ohi alhskibr wmot ylu ckemt movb ilhb iknnbrbhtdy.

Ymb sbalhi port ln boam sktuotklh kddustrotbs mlw tmb oppdkaotklh ln

portkakpotlry ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO) tllds aoh dboi tl

clrb khnlrcbi ibaksklh-cò khe ohi clrb suaabssnud prlfbats. Lhabylu movb oh uhibrstohikhe ln wmy ZOAO tllds aoh gb sl plwbrnud, kt‛s

boskbr tl dborh mlw tl oppdy tmbc kh ylur lwh wlr̀ . [lu wkdd dborh clrb

oglut tmb ZOAO tllds’alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs,

sboslhod aodbhiors, ohi hbbis ossbsscbht/prklrkty roh̀ khe’kh tmb

amoptbrs tmot nlddlw.

QKYuOYKLh Lhb

Kh o rbeklh ln tmb Zmkdkppkhbs wmbrb nockdkbs orb rkab

norcbrs lh scodd dohi mldikhes, ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs

dll̀ bi nlr woys tl kharbosb nockdy khalcb. Odd nockdy

cbcgbrs moi tmbkr lwh rldbs kh rkab prliuatklh, morvbst,

ohi plst-morvbst. Oiiktklhod khalcb-borhkhe sambcbs

khaduibi tmb cò khe ohi sbddkhe ln strow gos̀ bts gywlcbh ohi amkdirbh. Qtkdd, tmbrb wos hlt sunakbht nockdy

khalcb tl pbrckt odd amkdirbh tl ottbhi samlld ohi tl

prlvkib oibquotb mbodtm aorb.

Yl kharbosb nockdy khalcb, tmb khtbrvbhtklh ibakibi uplh

wos tl kharbosb rkab prliuatklh tmrluem oh kcprlvbi

mkem-ykbdi strokh, os kt oppborbi tl gb tmb dbost iksruptkvb

tl tmb rkab audturb odrboiy kh bxkstbhab ohi wludi hlt

rbqukrb clrb dohi. O hbw —clibrh rkab– (sbb Nkeurb ?)

wos khtrliuabi ohi, lvbr sbvbrod ybors, kt wos oaabptbi.

Gy tmb bhi ln vb ybors, prliuatklh moi clrb tmoh

ilugdbi. Mlwbvbr, nockdy khalcb wbht ilwh.

?



14/178


?7 Zboab Alrps

Nker ?. O w —clir rka– wos ktrliai….


15/178

?1

Umot wbht wrlhe< Rsb ylur arbotkvb tmkh`khe s̀ k d ds tl ebhbrotb o dkst

ln plsskgdb kcpoats lh khikvkiuods, mlusbmldis, ohi tmb alccuhkty ln

tmb khtrliuatklh ohi suaabssnud prliuatk lh ln clibrh rkab.

Alhskibr6 Umot nockdy nuhis orb usbi nlr mbodtm ohi biuaotklh< Umot

ibcohis lh tkcb ohi hohakod rbslurabs ckemt movb amohebi


16/178


?9 Zboab Alrps

QKYuOYKLh YUL

Kh tmks sktuotklh, biuaotklh l̂duhtbbrs wbrb os̀ bi tl

pdoh oatkvktkbs nlr tmb succbr clhtms wmbh samlld wos

hlt kh sbssklh. Ymby ibakibi tmot tmb succbr wludi gb

o elli tkcb tl mldi wlr̀ smlps nlr tboambrs, ossuckhe

tmot tmb tboambrs, clstdy wlcbh, wludi movb clrb tkcb

iurkhe tmb succbr.

Uludi tboambrs ottbhi tmbkr wlr`smlps< Umy lr wmy hlt


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?2

1QKYuOYKLh YmWbb

Wbi Arlss wlr̀ brs kh Clzocgkqub wbrb oworb tmot

portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO) wos kharboskhedy

vkbwbi os o cbtmli bhogdkhe HELs ohi tmbkr adkbhts

tl pdoh prlerocs flkhtdy tl rbiuab alccuhkty vudhbr-

ogkdkty. Ymb alccuhkty ln Ybtb, Clzocgkqub, wos kh

tmb prlabss ln rbbstogdksmkhe ktsbdn ontbr sbvbrod ybors

kh rbnuebb aocps kh hbkemglrkhe aluhtrkbs. Os port lntmb rbmogkdktotklh prlabss, o hucgbr ln lutskib lreohk-

zotklhs moi ibvbdlpbi prlerocs tl mbdp tmb alccuhkty

gbekh nuhatklhkhe oeokh kh kts mlcb aluhtry. Mlwbvbr,

cohy ln tmb prlerocs wbrb aorrkbi lut wktmlut o

alcpdbtb ohodysks ln tmb orbo‛s rks̀ prldb (bspbakoddy

tmb noat tmot kt ks irluemt-prlhb).

Uos tmks wbdd-k htbhibi prleroc os bnnbatkvb os kt ckemt movb gbbh kh

rbiuakhe tmb vudhbrogkd k ty ln tmb alccuhkty< Umy lr wmy hlt


18/178


?> Zboab Alrps

Kh tmbsb bxocpdbs, tmb usb ln portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs wktm tmb prlfbat

portkakpohts noakdktotbi o ibbpbr uhibrstohikhe ln mlusbmldi rldbs ohi

rbsplhskgkdktkbs. Ymb portkakpohts aludi ohodyzb tmb pltbhtkod bnnbats

ln ibvbdlpcbht kibos nlr tmbcsbdvbs. Quam bnnlrts mbdp ibvbdlp tmb

aopoakty nlr sbdn-ohodysks ohi ibaksklh-cò khe, ohi supplrt sustokhogdb

ibvbdlpcbht.

Y Wld ln Zortkakpotlry Oatkktks k Idlpct

Zdohhkhe nlr pblpdb-abhtbrbi ibvbdlpcbht rbqukrbs cbohkhenud

khnlrcotklh oglut wml tmb pblpdb orb ohi mlw tmby khtbroat. Erlups

ln pblpdb orb rorbdy mlclebhblus. —Zblpdb– ot tmb clst ebhbrod dbvbd

khaduib wlcbh ohi cbh, yluhe ohi ldi, ohi khikvkiuods ln iknnbrbht

btmhka erlups, aostbs/adossbs, ogkdktkbs, oppborohab ohi rbdkeklus

ondkotklh.

Bvbrywmbrb, ohi wktmkh bvbry

slaklbalhlcka erlup, tmb woys

mlusbmldis nuhatklh orb strlhedy

khubhabi gy audturb, wktm ikn-

nbrbht rldbs, rkemts, ohi rbsplh-

skgkdktkbs nlr cbh ohi wlcbh,ekrds ohi glys. Bxtbhibi nockdkbs

coy khaduib oiiktklhod pblpdb ln

gltm sbxbs ohi vorklus oebs.

Mlusbmldis coy movb iknnbrbht

alcgkhotklhs ln rbslurabs,

khaduikhe tkcb, dohi, khalcb,

h̀lwdbieb0 ohi iknnbrbht dbvbds

ln hbbi, khaduikhe nlli, smbdtbr,

biuaotklh, mbodtmaorb. Lntbh, tmlsb rbslurabs orb oddlaotbi gy sbx ohi

oeb (os wbdd os btmhkakty, adoss/aostb, rbdkeklh, bta.), os orb tmb rbsplhsk-

gkdktkbs kh prlvkikhe nlr hbbis.

Qtratr Oh lreohkzotklh

wktm rkemts, rldbs,

rbsplhskgkdktkbs

(tmb —1Ws–)

his• alhsucptklh

• khalcb

• mbodtm

• biuaotklh

• bta.

Wslras• dohi

• doglr

• aopktod

• `hlwdbieb

• tkcb

Y mlsldi

os o Qystc


19/178

?5

Iksalvbrkhe tmks typb ln khnlrcotklh oglut mlusbmldis aoh gb khvoskvb

uhdbss kt ks ilhb aorbnuddy. Ymot ks wmy portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs movb

gbbh usbi nlr cohy ybors tl mbdp ibvbdlpcbht wlr b̀rs ohi ltmbrs

gbttbr uhibrstohi tmbsb kssubs. Kh noat, ZOAO prlvkibs ̂ lduhtbbrs ohi

aluhtbrports wktm oh khaduskvb opprloam tmot usbs spbaka tllds tl mbdp

bheoeb o wkib vorkbty ln khikvkiuods ohi erlups tl smorb wktm boam

ltmbr kh ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs.


Osst-gosi lr Qtret-gosi Opprloas tl Idlpct

Ymb strbhetm-gosbi opprloam bcpmoskzbs tmb plsktkvb ottrkgutbs

ln tmb alccuhkty ohi wmot mos wlr`bi wbdd kh tmb post. Kt prlvkibs

cltkvotklh ohi mbdps pblpdb dborh mlw tl rbpbot suaabssbs. Ymus,

khnlrcotklh eotmbrkhe gbekhs gy oa`hlwdbiekhe wmot ks wlr`khe

ot tmb prbsbht tkcb, wmot rbslurabs orb odrboiy ovokdogdb kh tmb

alccuhkty ohi wmot ossbts orb prbsbht nlr arbotkhe amoheb.Ymb kibo ks tmot portkakpohts, kh ohswbrkhe tmbsb qubstklhs, stkr

up cbclrkbs ohi stlrkbs ln bhbrekzkhe clcbhts ln suaabss ohi

ibvbdlp o plsktkvb, proatkaod opprloam tl amoheb.

Nrlc poeb 5, Zrlerocckhe ohi Yrokhkhe Gll`dbt 76 Mlw tl Ibskeh lr Wbvksb o

Zrlfbat PKAB Hl. C::>5S.

Bxpbrts kh o vorkbty ln bdis movb, kh tmb dost ?: tl 7: ybors, gbbh

bxpdlrkhe ossbt-gosbi ( strbhetm-gosbi) woys ln ilkhe khikvkiuodohi alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht. Ymks opprloam bcpmoskzbs

bxockhkhe strbhetms ohi kibhtknykhe wmot wlr`s. Kt mos gbbh

ibclhstrotbi kh tmb dog ohi bdi tmot pblpdb lntbh dkvb up tl

tmb bxpbatotklhs ln tmb lutskibr alckhe kh tl osskst tmbc. Kn oh

lutskibr dll`s nlr plsktkvb ospbats, tmks bxpbatotklh wkdd gb cbt0

kn tmks pbrslh dll`s nlr hbeotkvbs, sl tll wkdd tmks bxpbatotklh

gb cbt. Lhb erlup ln tmblrksts kh tmks —strbhetm-gosbi samlld–

strbssbs tmot tmb oat ln os`khe qubstklhs khubhabs tmb erlup ohi

tmb lutalcbs. Ymbrbnlrb, oaalrikhe tl tmks tmblry, kn tmb elod ks tlkcprlvb o sktuotklh ohi dbovb kt strlhebr, lhb smludi odwoys stort

plsktkvbdy. Ymb prleroc cohoebr ln tmb ylutm prlfbat kh Ylheo

(Alhtkhubi lh poeb ?=)


20/178


?= Zboab Alrps

Uot Ks ZOAO oimlw Iki Kt bld<

Bordy systbcs, suam os portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO) ohi ropki

rurod opproksod (WWO) usbi tllds suam os alccuhkty coppkhe ohi

iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs wktm rbprbsbhtotkvb khikvkiuods kh tmb alc-

cuhkty. Ymbh, o tboc alhskstkhe ln vorklus bxpbrts, suam os balhlcksts,

ohtmrlpldleksts, slakldleksts, ohi ibvbdlpcbht spbakodksts wludi

ohodyzb tmb ioto nrlc tmb vorklus portkakpotlry tllds ohi ibvbdlp

strotbekbs tl mbdp tmb alccuhkty kcprlvb kts sktuotklh.

Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ portkakpotlry ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO)

wos ibvbdlpbi nrlc tmbsb bordkbr opprloambs. Mlwbvbr, ZOAO nlausbi

lh twl ospbats tmot wbrb hlt lrkekhoddy o port ln tmb ltmbr cbtmlildlekbs.

Lhb wos tlalhiuat oatkvktkbs wktm sbporotb erlups cò khe up ohy

alccuhkty.? Ymbsb erlups ckemt gb cbh ohi wlcbh, glys ohi ekrds,

(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb ?5)

? Cohy ibvbdlpcbht lreohkzotklhs usb vorkotklhs ln ZWO ohi WWO, ohi slcb hlw alhiuat

oatkvktkbs wktm sbporotb erlups os tmb Zboab Alrps ilbs wktm ZOAO. O b̀y iknnbrbhab nlr

slcb ks o nlaus lh kibhtknykhe alccuhkty ossbts ohi strbhetms tl gukdi lh os ZOAO ilbs,

rotmbr tmoh prlvkikhe lutskib nuhikhe tl alcpdbtb prklrktkzbi prlfbats.

hltkabi o irocotka kharbosb kh rbabptkvbhbss tl tmb Zboab Alrps

gy tmb dlaod pblpdb wmbh stonn ohi ̂ lduhtbbrs bhtbrbi o alccuhkty

ohi stortbi gy os`khe wmot odd tmb —elli stunn– wos.

Nrlc poeb 1=, Amoptbr 7 ln Ulr`khe wktm [lutm6 Opprloambs nlr ^lduhtbbrs PKAB

Hl. C::>5S.

Qbatklh 7 ln tmb Alccuhkty Alhtbht-Gosbi Khstruatklh (AAGK) Cohuod (KAB Hl.

Y:??7) ks bhtkrbdy ibikaotbi tl ZOAO ohi ossbt-gosbi opprloambs tl ibvbdlpcbht

kh ebhbrod ohi biuaotklh spbakaoddy.

Qbb odsl poebs 1;-2? ln Oh HEL Yrokhkhe Eukib nlr Zboab Alrps ^lduhtbbrs (KAB

Hl. C::5:)0 Gll`dbt ?6 Ymb ^lduhtbbr os Dborhbr kh Ymb Wldbs ln tmb ^lduhtbbr

kh Ibvbdlpcbht (KAB Hl. Y:::2)0 ohi poeb ?> ln Ymb Hbw Zrleroc Ibskeh ohi

Cohoebcbht (ZIC) Cohuod (KAB Hl. Y:?:5).


21/178

?;

pblpdb ln iknnbrbht btmhka erlups, tboambrs ohi supbrvkslrs, lr rurod

ohi urgoh stuibhts, ohi sl lh.

Lhab tmb iknnbrbht erlups alcpdbtb oh oatkvkty, suam os o cop lr iokdy

sambiudbs, tmby prbsbht tmbkr prliuats tl boam ltmbr, ohitlebtmbr tmby

il tmb ohodysks.7 Kh tmks woy, tmb ohodysks plrtklh ln tmb bxbraksbs stoys

wktm tmb alccuhkty, ekvkhe cbcgbrs tmb lpplrtuhkty tl sbb wmot ks

kcplrtoht tl boam cbcgbr ohi bhogdkhe tmb alccuhkty tl irow kts lwh

alhadusklhs. Ymb oatkvktkbs hlt lhdy rbvbod kcplrtoht khnlrcotklh nlr

ibvbdlpcbht wlr b̀rs ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs, gut tmby odsl smlwalccuhkty cbcgbrs woys tl bxpdlrb ohi ohodyzb tmbkr lwh sktuotklh’

lntbh alccuhkaotkhe oarlss troiktklhod gorrkbrs (nlr bxocpdb, o erlup

ln yluhe uhcorrkbi wlcbh‛s prklrktkbs nlr tmb nuturb gbkhe mbori gy

ldibr ebhbrotklhs). Aopoakty-gukdikhe ot tmb dlaod dbvbd ks odsl bhmohabi

nlr nuturb oatkvktkbs wmbh tmb alccuhkty kibhtkbs kts lwh rbslurabs

ohi tmb strbhetms tl irow uplh kh cbbtkhe kts elods.

Qtkdd, ZOAO ks hlt lhdy oglut ohodysks ohi kt ibhktbdy ks hlt oglut

lgtokhkhe khnlrcotklh sl ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs aoh arbotb tmbkr lwh

kibos nlr prlfbats. Wotmbr kt ks oglut gukdikhe o porthbrsmkp gbtwbbh

ibvbdlpcbht wlr̀ brs (Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs) ohi alccuhkty cbc-

gbrs, ohi oclhe alccuhkty cbcgbrs tmbcsbdvbs. Kh tmb prlabss ln

ibvbdlpkhe khnlrcotklh tlebtmbr, ohodyzkhe kts kcpdkaotklhs nlr tmb

alccuhkty, ohi pdohhkhe nlr oatklh, alccuhkty cbcgbrs ohi tmb

Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs alddoglrotb tl bhsurb tmot tmb vlkabs ln wlcbh

ohi cbh, ekrds ohi glys, ldi ohi yluhe, orb khaduibi kh ibakikhe mlw

tmby wkdd alcckt tmbkr clst prbaklus rbslurabs6 tmbkr tkcb, tmbkr bhbrey,

ohi tmbkr alcclh nuturb.

7 Ymb Zboab Alrps mos o uhkqub prbsbhab kh mlst alccuhktkbs tmot noakdktotbs dlhe-tbrc smorbi

pdohhkhe ohi ohodysks wktm dlaod erlups.



22/178


7: Zboab Alrps

Uy ks t Eir Alatkl

Ql Kcplrtot<Bxpbrkbhab ohi rbsboram smlw tmot poykhe ottbhtklh tl ohi uhibrstohikhe

ebhibr rldbs cò bs ibvbdlpcbht prlfbats clrb sustokhogdb. Rskhe tmb

typbs ln ohodytkaod tllds tmot orb o port ln ZOAO, ebhibr rldbs kh rurod

ohi urgoh mlusbmldis ohi alccuhktkbs orb grluemt tl dkemt ohi orb

noatlrs kh smorbi ibaksklh-cò khe.

Umot orb Ebhibr Wldbs<

Ebhibr rldbs orb ibhbi os

tmb rldbs ln khikvkiuods gosbi

lh tmbkr sbx os wbdd os ltmbr

slakod noatlrs suam os oeb,

btmhkakty, ohi adoss. Qkhab

ebhibr rldbs orb slakoddyibtbrckhbi, tmby iknnbr gb-

twbbh ohi oclhe audturbs

ohi amoheb lvbr tkcb. Nlr

bxocpdb6

?. Kh Mlhiuros, oerkaudturb

ks alhskibrbi cbh‛s wlr̀ 0

wmkdb kh tmb Alhel, kt

ks alhskibrbi wlcbh‛s

wlr̀ .

7. Kh tmb mkemdohis ln Ymok-

dohi, tmb Mclhe cbh ohi

wlcbh movb sbporotb ohi

ikstkhat rldbs6 wlcbh mohidb mlusbmldi amlrbs, ohi cbh orb khamoreb ln dohi ohi troib. Kh tmb updohis ln tmb socb aluhtry,

@orbh cbh ohi wlcbh il oerkaudturod wlr̀ tlebtmbr ohi smorb

mlusbmldi amlrbs.

Ebhibr Wldbs orb6

• Qlakoddy Alhstruatbi

• Dborhbi

• Iyhocka (tmby amoheb lvbr

tkcb)

• Cudtk-noabtbi (tmby iknnbr

wktmkh ohi gbtwbbh audturbs)

Qbx ks6

• Gkldlekaoddy Ibtbrckhbi

• Rhkvbrsod

• Rhamohekhe


23/178

7?

Gy uhibrstohikhe ebhibr rldbs ohi tò khe tmbc khtl oaaluht kh prlfbat

pdohhkhe ohi ibskeh, l̂duhtbbrs aoh wlr̀ clrb bnnbatkvbdy wktm

alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl bhsurb tmot odd cbcgbrs‛ hbbis orb rbprbsbhtbi

ohi alhskibrbi. Ymks aoh gb ilhb tmrluem ebhibr ohodysks.

Umot ks Ebhibr Ohodysks<

Ebhibr ohodysks bxockhbs tmb rldbs ln wlcbh ohi cbh kh ohy ekvbh

slakbty lr alccuhkty tl prlvkib o alcpdbtb pkaturb ln tmb noatlrs

tmot onnbat6

Ykcb

Ikvksklh ln doglr

Oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi khnlrcotklh

Zlwbr rbdotklhs

Ebhibr hbbis

Ymbsb noatlrs khubhab wml portkakpotbs kh, ohi wml gbhbts nrlc,

ohy ibvbdlpcbht pdohhkhe lr oatkvkty. Kibhtknykhe ohi uhibrstohikhe

tmbsb noatlrs iurkhe tmb bordy stoebs aoh mbdp tl bhsurb oh oatkvkty‛s

suaabss. Ymb amort gbdlw kddustrotbs o roheb ln plwbr khikvkiuods lr

erlups ckemt movb kh ibvbdlpcbht prlfbats. ZOAO, os usbi gy Zboab

Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs ot tmb dlaod dbvbd, sbb̀ s tl movb alccuhkty cbcgbrs

oatkvbdy pdohhkhe ohi kcpdbcbhtkhe oatkvktkbs tmby kibhtkny os hbbis,

wmkam ebhbroddy nodds wktmkh tmb roheb ln cbikuc tl mkem plwbr. Kn

l̂duhtbbrs orrkvb kh tmbkr alccuhktkbs wktm oatkvktkbs odrboiy kh ckhi,

lr ibvbdlp oatkvktkbs lh tmbkr lwh gy lgsbrvkhe hbbis’bvbh kn tmlsb

oatkvktkbs orb voduogdb ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs gbhbt’dlaod pblpdb

iki hlt movb o rldb kh pdohhkhe ohi prklrktkzkhe wmot wludi moppbh.

Ymot puts tmbc kh o dlw-tl-cbikuc plwbr sktuotklh.



24/178


77 Zboab Alrps

Zlwr Altkc

Dlw Zlwr Cikc Zlwr mke Zlwr

Oaabss tl sbrvkabs0 Khikvkiuod oaabss tl Ogkdkty tl khktkotb

gbhbt ikrbatdy ibaksklh-co`khe oatklh ohi tl arbotb

prlabssbs tmot wbrb ibaksklh-co`khe

ibskehbi gy ltmbrs prlabssbs tmot

khubhab slakod,balhlcka ohi

pldktkaod systbcs

Zlwbr alhtkhuuc eropmka rbprkhtbi wktm pbrckssklh nrlc Zor̀ br O. W., K. Dlzohl, D. Cbsshbr.

Ebhibr Wbdotklhs Ohodysks6 O Eukib nlr Yrokhbrs . Ubstplrt, AY6 Qovb tmb Amkdirbh, ?;;2.

Ymb nlddlwkhe ks o ebhibr ohodysks nrocbwlr̀ ibvbdlpbi gy Qovb tmb

Amkdirbh, wmkam ks o usbnud tlld kh doreb prlfbat lr scodd oatkvkty pdoh-

hkhe, ibskeh, ohi kcpdbcbhtotklh. Umkdb tmb wlri —nrocbwlr̀ – coy

sluhi tbamhkaod, kt ks skcpdy oh ottbcpt tl kddustrotb tmb khtbrrbdotbi

kssubs tmot gltm khubhab wmot ebhibr rldbs orb, ohi ibtbrckhb wmot

pblpdb hbbi tl nuddd tmlsb rldbs. Os ylu wkdd hltb kh tmb eropmka,

iknnbrbht b̀y alcplhbhts rbkhnlrab boam ltmbr kh tmks prlabss, ohi

ZOAO tllds aoh gb usbi tl gltm eotmbr tmks khnlrcotklh ohi gbttbr

uhibrstohi wmot kt cbohs.

?. Ebhibr rldbs orb wmot o slakbty ibtbrckhbs os opprlprkotb gbmov-

klr, oatklh, irbss, bta., gosbi lh lhb‛s sbx, oeb, adoss, ohi ltmbr

arktbrko. Ymot ks, wmot orb tmb rldbs ohi rbsplhskgkd k tkbs ln cbh,

wlcbh, ekr ds, ohi glys


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71

9. Kh turh, ebhibr rldbs, ikvksklh ln doglr ohi oaabss ibtbrckhbplwbr

rbdotklhs. Uml mos plwbr lvbr, plwbr wk tm, plwbr tl, plwbr

wktmkh < Uml cò bs ibaksklhs lvbr wmot< Uml ks ogdb tl amoheb

mks lr mbr lwh dknb nlr tmb gbttbr<

2. Yò khe khtl oaaluht tmb rst nlur alcplhbhts rbsudts kh iknnbrbht

ebhibr hbbis ln cbh ohi wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys. Oiirbsskhe

proatkaod ebhibr hbbis cò bs lhb‛s ebhibr rldb boskbr (nlr

bxocpdb, prlvkikhe wotbr slurabs adlsbr tl tmb mlcb bosbs tmb

wlr̀ dloi ln wlcbh ohi ekrds wmbh tmby orb rbsplhskgdb nlr wotbralddbatklh). Oiirbsskhe strotbeka ebhibr hbbis aoh odtbr ebhibr

rldbs (suam os, biuaotklh nlr ekrds plstplhbs tmbkr corrkoeb oeb

ohi tmb oeb ot wmkam tmby movb tmbkr rst amkdi).

Ymb ikoeroc gbdlw kddustrotbs mlw tmbsb alcplhbhts rbkhnlrab

boam ltmbr.

Wbprkhtbi wktm pbrckssklh nrlc Zor̀ br O. W., K. Dlzohl, D. Cbsshbr.Ebhibr Wbdotklhs Ohodysks6

O Eukib nlr Yrokhbrs. Ubstplrt, AY6 Qovb tmb Amkdirbh, ?;;2.

Eir Wlds

Ikkskl ln Doglr

Oaass

Zlwr Wdotkls

Eir his



26/178


79 Zboab Alrps

Kibhtknykhe ohi uhibrstohikhe tmbsb alcplhbhts mbdp ̂ lduhtbbrs

uhibrstohi tmb ebhibr-rbdotbi kssubs tmot kcpoat tmbkr prlfbats

ohi oatkvktkbs.

Mlw tl Rsb ZOAO nlr Ebhibr Ohodysks1

Ymb tllds ibsarkgbi kh tmks mohigll̀ orb usbnud kh o wkib vorkbty

ln sbttkhes ohi kh bvbry tbamhkaod sbatlr’khaduikhe iksostbr rks̀

ossbsscbht. Ymbsb tllds bhogdb l̂duhtbbrs ohi alccuhktkbs tl

dborh oglut mlw ebhibr rldbs kcpoat mlusbmldi ohi alccuhktyibvbdlpcbht, ohi mlw khikvkiuod ibvbdlpcbht oatkvktkbs onnbat cbh

ohi wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys, ldi ohi yluhe, ohi ltmbr sugerlups

iknnbrbhtdy. Gy rbalehkzkhe ohi kibhtknykhe tmbsb iknnbrbhabs, ylu wkdd

kharbosb tmb pltbhtkod nlr suaabssnud prlfbat pdohhkhe, kcpdbcbhtotklh,

clhktlrkhe, ohi bvoduotklh.

Nlr bxocpdb, kn ylu woht tl bhaluroeb clrb pblpdb tl usb tmb

alccuhkty mbodtm adkhka, smludi tmb bstogdksmbi ebhibr rldbs kh tmb

alccuhkty movb oh kcpoat lh ylur pdohs tl rboam tmb pblpdb<

Ks kt kcplrtoht tl dborh wmot sbrvkabs wkdd cbbt iknnbrbht hbbis nlr

cbh, wlcbh, ekrds ohi glys<

Kn o grbost lr prlstotb aohabr biuaotklh aocpokeh ks pdohhbi, orb

plstbrs, gkddgloris ohi grlamurbs tmot ibsarkgb tmb kssubs bnnbatkvb

kn ;: pbrabht ln wlcbh aohhlt rboi gbaousb tmby tò b aorb ln tmb

mlcb ohi iki hlt ottbhi samlld< Lr, wmot kn tmb coflrkty ln cbh

kh tmot audturb his pugdka ikspdoy ln suam sbhsktkvb mbodtm-rbdotbi

cotbrkods lnnbhskvb, ohi tmby troiktklhoddy cò b odd ibaksklhs rbdotbi

tl tmbkr nockdkbs‛ mbodtmaorb<

1 Qbb odsl poebs 2?-2> kh tmbHbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht (ZIC) Cohuod PKAB Hl.

Y:?:5S nlr o ibsarkptklh ohi bxocpdb ln o ebhibr ohodysks cotrkx, amortkhe mlw o doreb prlfbat

lr scodd oatkvkty ckemt onnbat iknnbrbht erlups gosbi lh b̀y bdbcbhts, suam os boam erlup‛s

doglr, tkcb, rbslurabs ohi audturb kh rbdotklh tl tmb kssub uhibr iksaussklh.


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72

Il cbh ohi wlcbh ln slcb btmhka erlups trovbd bxtbhskvbdy ohi

ltmbrs il hlt< Il tmby movb iknnbrbht mbodtm rks̀ s, lr bheoeb kh

troiktklhod proatkabs tmot onnbat tmbkr mbodtm<

Mlw orb sbrvkabs prlvkibi< Nlr bxocpdb, aoh gltm cbh ohi wlcbh

gb trbotbi gy codb ilatlrs< Ilbs tmb adkhka lhdy oaabpt clhby os

poycbht< Uml ks rbsplhskgdb nlr nockdy hohabs<

Ymb alrb ZOAO bxbraksbs odsl prlvkib o struaturb nlr portkakpohts tl

bxprbss, ohodyzb, ohi uhibrstohi tmb hbbis ohi prklrktkbs ln iknnbrbhtalccuhkty erlups ohi cbcgbrs. Ymks bhmohabs alccuhkty cbcgbrs‛

alccuhkaotklh ohi ohodytka s̀ kdds, wmkam kharbosbs tmbkr aopoakty tl gb

oatkvb portkakpohts kh tmbkr lwh ibvbdlpcbht. Kt odsl mbdps bhsurb tmot o

ibvbdlpcbht prlfbat tmot gbhbts sbvbrod erlups wktmkh tmb alccuhkty

ilbs hlt hbeotkvbdy onnbat ltmbrs.

Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln mlw tmb nlur goska ZOAO tllds aoh

prlvkib tmb khnlrcotklh hbbibi nlr ebhibr ohodysks.

ALCCuhKY[

COZZKhE

Ymb alccuhkty cop aoh prlvkib khnlrcotklh lh ebhibr rldbs,ikvksklh ln doglr, oaabss ohi ebhibr hbbis. Ymks ks o vbry elli

woy tl kibhtkny6

wmot iknnbrbht erlups tmkh̀ orb dlaod ossbts ohi rbslurabs’

dkvbstlà , erokh stlroeb, aorts lr aors, coamkhbry, goh̀ s,

mlcbs, wllidlts, eross nlr wbovkhe, nluhirkbs, bta.

wmbrb pblpdb el kh tmb alccuhkty’kn iknnbrbht erlupsspbhi clst ln tmb ioy kh spbaka pdoabs, tmby coy irow tmlsb

ohi dbovb lnn dbssbr trovbdbi orbos ln tmb alccuhkty.


(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 7>)


28/178


7> Zboab Alrps

wmot iknnbrbht erlups lr pblpdb il kh tmb alccuhkty’

gukdikhes, bdis, rlois, amurambs, wotbr slurabs, bta.,’

wkdd lntbh gb rbprbsbhtbi iknnbrbhtdy lh cops arbotbi gy

iknnbrbht erlups kh wktmkh tmb socb alccuhkty ibpbhikhe

lh wml usbs tmlsb rbslurabs lr wlr s̀ kh tmlsb orbos ln tmb

alccuhkty kh hbbi ln ottbhtklh. Nlr bxocpdb, doà ln o

dlaod samlld lh o tbbhoeb ekrds‛ cop coy rbvbod tmot ekrds

orb hlt biuaotbi post o abrtokh oeb kh tmot alccuhkty,

ohi tmbrbnlrb tmb samlld ks hlt o prlckhbht nboturb kh

tmbkr dkvbs.

IOKD[

OAYKvKY[

QAmbIuDbQ

Ymks tlld prlvkibs khnlrcotklh lh ebhibr rldbs, ebhibr ikvksklh

ln doglr, oaabss ohi plwbr rbdotklhs, suam os6

lut-ln-samlld ibcohis lh ekrds‛ ohi glys‛ tkcb, ekvbh tmbkr

iknnbrbht sambiudbs ohi rbsplhskgkdktkbs.

wlcbh‛s ohi cbh‛s tkcb. Kn wlcbh‛s mlusbmldi amlrbsprbvbht tmbc nrlc ottbhikhe pdohhkhe cbbtkhes mbdi ot

spbaka tkcbs lr dlaotklhs, tmby wkdd hlt movb khput khtl

ibaksklh-cò khe prlabssbs. Kn cbh orb wlr̀ khe kh tmbkr

bdis iurkhe tmb ioy, tmby prlgogdy wlh‛t ottbhi o trokhkhe

lh rbpokrkhe tmb alccuhod wotbr pucp kn kt ks kh tmb cki-

clrhkhe.

mlw ldibr ohi yluhebr cbh ohi wlcbh nrlc iknnbrbht

btmhka erlups coy movb iknnbrbht rbsplhskgkdktkbs nlr

dkvbstlà , aronts, amkdiaorb, bdi wlr̀ , sodbs, lr ltmbr tos̀ s

(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 72)

(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 75)


29/178

75

tmot cboh iknnbrbht oaabss tl rbslurabs ot spbaka tkcbslr pdoabs.

mlw amohekhe lhb erlup‛s iokdy rlutkhb aoh onnbat ohltmbr

erlup‛s rbsplhskgkdktkbs’khaduikhe kn wlcbh alddbat dlhe

eross, gut cbh wbovb kt nlr nbhakhe lr rlpb0 lr kn cbh

aotam tmb sm gut wlcbh adboh ohi prlabss tmbc0 lr kn

yluhe cbh mbri aottdb, gut ldibr wlcbh cò b ambbsb ohiguttbr nrlc tmbkr ckd̀ , wmot ilbs kt cboh tl tmb nockdy lr

alccuhkty tl kcprlvb lr ibarbosb tmb bnakbhay ln ohy

lhb erlup‛s wlr̀ <

QbOQLhOD

AODbhIOWQ

Ymbsb aoh gb usbi tl kibhtkny ebhibr rldbs, ikvksklh ln doglr

ohi oaabss. [bordy pottbrhs ln wlr̀ , rbslurab ovokdogkdkty ohi

wbotmbr khikaotb wmbh alccuhkty cbcgbrs ohi erlups movb

tkcb ovokdogdb tl portkakpotb kh trokhkhe lr ltmbr oatkvktkbs. Ymks

ks bspbakoddy trub kh rurod alccuhktkbs.

hbbIQ OQQbQQCbhY

OhI

ZWKLWKY[ WOh`KhE

Hbbis ossbsscbht ohi prklrkty roh̀ khe aoh prlvkib khnlrcotklh

lh plwbr rbdotklhs ohi ebhibr hbbis. Kh tmks alhtbxt, tmks ks

gltm tmb prlabss ln ibtbrckhkhe tmb ibskrbs, wohts, ohi hbbis

ln iknnbrbht erlups, ohi alckhe tlebtmbr tl dll̀ ot tmlsb hbbis

alddbatkvbdy ohi ossbss (lr roh̀ ) tmbkr dbvbd ln prklrkty kh tmb

erbotbr alccuhkty.


(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 7>)


30/178


7= Zboab Alrps

Umbh ZOAO tllds orb usbi tlebtmbr, tmby prlvkib tmb ioto hbabssory tl

alhiuat ebhibr ohodysks, rokskhe oworbhbss kh tmb alccuhkty ln ebhibr

alhskibrotklhs kh ohy ibaksklhs. Ymks rbsudts kh clrb sustokhogdb ohi

bnnbatkvb lutalcbs tmot cbbt tmb hbbis ln odd alccuhkty cbcgbrs.

Qccory

Ymb Zboab Alrps‛ opprloam tl

ibvbdlpcbht khvldvbs wlr̀ -khe ikrbatdy wktm dlaod khik-

vkiuods, sbrvkab prlvkibrs,

lreohkzotklhs ohi alccuhk-

tkbs tl mbdp tmbc gukdi tmb

aopoakty tl kcprlvb tmbkr

lwh dkvbs. Gy wlr̀ khe wktmkh

o mucoh aopoakty-gukdikhenrocbwlr̀ , tmb s̀ kdds, ̀ hlw-

dbieb ohi uhibrstohikhe

ln ovokdogdb strbhetms ohi

rbslurabs stoy wktmkh tmb

alccuhkty, cò khe aurrbht

ohi nuturb ibvbdlpcbht clrb

sustokhogdb.

Ebhibr rldbs orb slakoddy alhstruatbi, audturb-gosbi rkemts, rbsplh-

skgkdktkbs, bxpbatotklhs ohi rbslurabs wktmkh nockdkbs ohi alccuhktkbs

tmot coy vory erbotdy gy oeb, sbx, khalcb dbvbd, btmhkakty, rbdkeklh

ohi cohy ltmbr noatlrs. Ymbsb rldbs rbsudt kh iknnbrkhe dbvbds ln plwbr

ohi oaabss tl cohy lpplrtuhktkbs, noakdktkbs, biuaotklh ohi gbhbts

nlr pblpdb wktmkh o alccuhkty. Zortkakpotlry prlabssbs, suam osZWO ohi WWO wbrb ibvbdlpbi lvbr tkcb tl prlvkib dbss khtruskvb

tllds nlr eotmbrkhe, smorkhe ohi tò khe tmot khnlrcotklh khtl oaaluht

kh pdohhkhe, alhiuatkhe ohi bvoduotkhe prlfbats. Ymb Zboab Alrps

ibvbdlpbi ZOAO gosbi lh tmbsb bordkbr cbtmlis tl prlcltb wlr̀ khe

wktm odd erlups kh tmb alccuhkty, tl bhsurb tmot smorkhe ohi ohodysks

K Dsltl

Ebhibr ohodysks ohi usb

ln ZOAO tllds (b.e., ossbt

coppkhe, alccuhkty coppkhe,

ohi ebhibr ohi ibvbdlpcbht

kssubs) orb alvbrbi kh prb-

sbrvkab trokhkhe tl bhmohab

^lduhtbbr oatkvktkbs. Gbttbr

noakdktotklh ln alccuhkty

opprloambs wktm ^lduhtbbrs ohi

ibbpbr khvldvbcbht wktm tmbkr

alccuhktkbs wbrb kibhtkbi

os rbsudts ln tmks ZOAO trokhkhe

iurkhe prb-sbrvkab trokhkhe.


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7;

ln khnlrcotklh wos ilhb wktm ohi oclhe tmbsb erlups, ohi tl utkdkzb

plsktkvb opprloambs tl kibhtkny dlaod rbslurabs ohi strbhetms tl supplrt

ibvbdlpcbht bnnlrts.

Y Zoa Alrps‛ Arktrkonlr Qtrle Zrlfats

(sbatlr-gosbi prlfbats tl wmkam ^lduhtbbrs orb osskehbi)

Ln tmb Zboab Alrps‛ ?: arktbrko nlr strlhe prlfbats ( Zrleroc ckhe

ohi Yrokhkhe Gll`dbt Lhb6 Ymb Goskas, KAB Hl. Y:??1), ZOAO

ikrbatdy oiirbssbs tmb rst vb ohi khubhabs clst ltmbrs6

?. Kharbosbs dlaod aopoakty.

7. Qtrkvbs tl oiirbss bxprbssbi hbbis ln tmlsb wml movb dkcktbi

oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi lpplrtuhktkbs.

1. Qbb`s sustokhogdb rbsudts tmot alcpdbcbht ltmbr ibvbdlpcbht

bnnlrts.

9. Mos dlaod portkakpohts os porthbrs kh ibvbdlpkhe, kcpdb-

cbhtkhe, ohi ossbsskhe tmb prlfbat.

2. Alhskibrs ebhibr rbdotklhsmkps ohi prlcltbs wlcbh‛s

portkakpotklh tl kharbosb tmbkr stotus ohi lpplrtuhktkbs.

>. Zdoabs ^lduhtbbrs ot tmb dlaod dbvbd wmbrb hbbis laaur.

5. Ilbs hlt ikspdoab quodkbi ohi ovokdogdb dlaod wlr`brs wktm

^lduhtbbrs.

=. Rsbs tmb typbs ohi hucgbrs ln ̂ lduhtbbrs tmot orb alhskstbht

wktm ovokdogdb oppdkaohts.

;. Mos dlaod Zboab Alrps stonn ohi rbslurabs tl trokh ohi supplrt

^lduhtbbrs tl alcpdbtb tmbkr osskehcbhts suaabssnuddy.

?:. Mos mlst oebhakbs ohi alccuhktkbs os porthbrs tmot supplrt

tmb prlfbat ohi tmb ^lduhtbbrs.



32/178


1: Zboab Alrps

Ymb nlur prkcory ZOAO tllds orb alccuhkty coppkhe, iokdy oatkvkty

sambiudbs, sboslhod aodbhior ohi hbbis ohodysks/prklrkty roh̀ khe. Ymbsb

tllds coy gb usbi tlebtmbr lr khikvkiuoddy gosbi lh tmb sktuotklh, wmkam

wkdd gb ibsarkgbi kh clrb ibptm kh tmb nlddlwkhe amoptbr.


33/178

1?

Aoptr 7 Uot or tAlr ZOAO Yllds<

ZOAO usbs nlur goska tllds

irowh nrlc ltmbr portkakpo-tlry opprloambs. Ymks ilbs

hlt kcpdy tmot tmbsb orb tmb

lhdy tllds tmot aoh gb usbi tl

nlaus ottbhtklh lh sugerlups

suam os sbx, oeb, btmhkakty,

ohi wktm tmb ohodysks ilhb

gy tmb alccuhkty cbcgbrstmbcsbdvbs. Lhab ̂ lduhtbbrs

orb nockdkor wktm tmb prlabss

ln uskhe tllds kh tmks cohhbr,

tmby aoh sbdbat ohi usb ltmbr

tllds kh skckdor woys (sbb

amoptbr skx).

AlccktyCoppke

Alccuhkty coppkhe ks oh bnnbatkvb woy tl dlaotb iknnbrbht spmbrbs

ln oatkvkty lvbr tmb dohisaopb. Kt aoh gb usbi kh vorklus sbttkhes tl

dlaotb aurrbht rbslurabs, oatkvkty abhtbrs, khstktutklhs, ohi ltmbr orbos

nrbqubhtbi gy tmb erlups ibvbdlpkhe tmb cop. Kt aoh gb usbi kh scodd

ebleropmkaod alccuhktkbs, hbkemglrmllis ln dorebr aktkbs, wlr̀ pdoabs,

trokhkhe abhtbrs, adossrllcs, ohi lreohkzotklhs. Kt mbdps tl kibhtkny

iknnbrbhabs kh pbrabptklh, hbbis, oaabss tl rbslurabs ohi plwbr abhtbrs,

K Yokdoi

Cohy ^lduhtbbrs movb usbi

alccuhkty coppkhe wktm dlaod

porthbrs tl survby tmb tlwh

lr vkddoeb kh wmkam tmby dkvb,

ohi tl bstogdksm rbdotklhsmkps

wktm dlaod dboibrs ohi ltmbrs.

Ymbsb alhtoats odsl grkhe dlaod

wksilc, mkstlry ohi audturb khtl

tmb adossrllc.

Hltb6 Zoebs ?7-7: ln Alccuhkty

Alhtbht-Gosbi Khstruatklh Cohuod (KAB

Hl. Y:??7) oiirbss tmb khtbrsbatklh ln

ZOAO ohi AAGK. O socpdb ZOAO trokhkhe

sbssklh gbekhs lh poeb 52 ln tmb socb

gll` ohi nurtmbr alhhbats ZOAO ohi

AAGK nlr biuaotklh ^lduhtbbrs.

Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds


34/178


17 Zboab Alrps

ohi sl lh. Ymb sbttkhe ohi tmb sugerlups (cbh, wlcbh, glys, ekrds,

cohoebrs, bta.) khvldvbi wkdd hbabssktotb vorkotklhs kh tmb khstruatklh,

tmb vksuodkzotklh, ohi tmb ibgrkbhe.

Lhab tmb cops orb irowh, oiiktklhod khstruatklhs aoh gb ekvbh tl

bhmohab tmb khnlrcotklh. Nlr bxocpdb, alccuhkty cbcgbrs coy gb

os̀ bi tl khikaotb pdoabs tmby nrbqubht iokdy, wbb̀ dy, dbss lntbh0 pdoabs

tmby dk̀ b tl gb ohi tmlsb tmby iksdk̀ b0 wmot tmby wludi dk̀ b tl movb tmot

ks hlt tmbrb (clrb dohi, samlld, adkhka, stlrb, trohsplrtotklh, rbpokrbi

rlois, ohi sl lh). Lreohkzotklhod cops ckemt khaduib dlaotklhs lnsbrvkabs, abhtbrs ln ibaksklh-cò khe ohi plwbr, ohi sl lh.

Ontbr sugerlups movb alcpdbtbi tmbkr cops, tmby orb ikspdoybi ohi

boam erlup bxpdokhs kts cop. Cudtkpdb cops prlvkib o clrb alcpdbtb

pkaturb ln tmb —alccuhkty,– os boam pbrspbatkvb oiis tl tmb wmldb.

Ymb iksaussklh ln tmb cops aoh dboi tl kibhtkaotklh ln kssubs tl gb

oiirbssbi, pltbhtkod prlfbats tl uhibrtò b, lr skcpdy o gosbdkhb nlr

cbosurkhe tmb kcpoat ln nuturb oatkvktkbs.

Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln alccuhkty coppkhe usbi kh vorklus

sbttkhes…

Wurod Alccuhktkbs

Kh o alccuhkty khZoroeuoy, cbh‛s alhabrh oglut movkhe prlpbrtytl poss lh tl tmbkr amkdirbh wos rbbatbi kh tmb lgdlhe pkbabs ln

norckhe dohi tmby irbw, wktm tmb hucgbr ln sugikvksklhs nlr tmbkr

amkdirbh. Ulcbh irbw kh ibtokd tmb orbo orluhi tmbkr mlcbs, ltmbr

struaturbs kh tmbkr tlwh, ohi tmb cokh rloi lut ln tlwh, wmkam,

oclhe ltmbr pdoabs, dboi tl tmb hborbst sbalhiory samlld. Ymb iksaus-

sklh rbvbodbi lhdy glys wbrb oddlwbi tl trovbd tl tmb sbalhiory

samlld, sl ekrds‛ biuaotklh stlppbi ontbr prkcory samlld.

Kh o tlwh khQurkhocb ibstrlybi gy akvkd wor, alccuhkty cbcgbrs

irbw o aurrbht cop wktm tmb khtbhtklh ln alcporkhe kt tl o cop

ln tmb nlrcbr tlwh tl ibakib wmot tl rbpdoab ohi tmb dlaotklh ln

nuturb struaturbs.


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11

Aktkbs

Kh o tlwh kh Euyoho, cbh,wlcbh, ohi ekrds nlrcbi

sugerlups tl cop tmbkr alc-

cuhkty. Ymbrb wbrb lhdy vb

cbh, gut tmby rbprbsbhtbi

sbvbrod iknnbrbht btmhka

erlups. Ymbkr coppkhe bxpbr-

kbhab, kh tmb wlris ln lhbcoh, —wos tmb clst kcplrtoht

tmkhe mb moi bvbr ilhb.– Ymby

dborhbi tmb hocbs ln strbbts

kh tmb port ln tlwh wmbrb

ltmbr btmhka erlups dkvbi,

irbw kh gukdikhes ohi ltmbr

rbprbsbhtotklhs tmby prbvklus-dy moi hlt `hlwh oglut, ohi

rbvbodbi tmbkr lwh pottbrhs ln

usb ln, ohi ottktuibs tlworis,

khstktutklhs kh tmbkr tlwh. Ymb

pkaturb ln tmb tlwh gbaocb clrb alcpdbtb wktm tmb smorkhe ln tmb

cops ln tmb wlcbh ohi ekrds.

Glys‛ ohi ekrds‛ cops kh tmb @yreyz Wbpugdka rbvbodbi tmbkr iknnbrbht

pbrabptklhs ln tmb orbos wktmkh tmbkr mlcbs-tl-samlld roikus. Ymb

glys irbw o vbry struaturbi cop, wmkdb tmb ekrds vksuodkzbi tmbkr

dkvbs kh clrb vorkbi woys. Ymbkr iknnbrbhabs lpbhbi amohhbds nlr

alccuhkaotkhe tmbkr khtbrbsts, alhabrhs, ohi hbbis.

Ulr` Qktbs

Umbh bcpdlybbs kh Bauoilr coppbi tmbkr trokhkhe abhtbr, tmb cops

smlwbi iknnbrbht orbos ln oatkvktkbs ohi vbry iknnbrbht pbrabptklhs

gbtwbbh tmb cbh ohi wlcbh oglut tmbkr nrbqubhay kh, ohi bvbh

Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds<

K tIlckkao Wpgdka

Os o rbsudt ln uskhe ZOAO,

^lduhtbbrs movb bhmohabi

`hlwdbieb ohi s`kdds kh6

alccuhkty ikoehlstkas0

prlfbat pdohhkhe0 nboskgkdkty

stuikbs0 alccuhkty coppkhe0

ohi strbhetm, wbo`hbss,

lpplrtuhktkbs, tmrbots (QULY)

ohodysks. Ymby odsl movb

kharbosbi tmbkr uhibrstohikhe

ln tmb kcplrtohab ln

ossbsscbht gbnlrb gbekhhkhe

tl wlr` lr bheoeb kh o

ibvbdlpcbht prlfbat.


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19 Zboab Alrps

rkemts tl gb kh, abrtokh dlaotklhs, suam os abhtbrs ln plwbr ohi

rbarbotklh orbos.

Kh o trokhkhe bxbraksb wktm iksostbr prbvbhtklh ohi rbalvbry bxpbrts

ohi wlr̀ brs ot o mltbd alcpdbx kh sugurgoh Dkco, Zbru, gltm

erlups wbrb os̀ bi tl alhstruat o —vudhbrogkdkty cop– kh lribr tl

kharbosb prbporbihbss nlr oh bortmquò b lr dohisdkib. Ymb kibo ln

suam o cop wos tl stort wktm ebleropmka ohi pmyskaod dohicor̀ s

ohi tmbh kibhtkny gltm pltbhtkod mozoris (b.e., hlh-bortmquò b

rbskstoht struaturbs) ohi tmb aopoaktkbs lr ossbts tmot wludi gbovokdogdb kh tmb bvbht ln o iksostbr (b.e., wotbr suppdy, ebhbrotlrs,

gottbrkbs, bta.). Ymb mltbd wlr̀ brs (khaduikhe cohoebrs, aotbrkhe

stonn, mlusb̀ bbpkhe ohi erluhis stonn) alcpdbtbi o alcpdbx cop

tmot moi erbot ibtokd oglut tmb sbrvkab orbos ln tmb mltbd, khaduikhe

uhibrerluhi stlroeb orbos, gut nokdbi tl smlw bvbh o skhedb eubst

rllc. Ymb iksostbr bxpbrts‛ cop, lh tmb ltmbr mohi, smlwbi

khtrkaotb ibtokd oglut tmb eubst rllcs ohi slakod orbos ln tmb mltbd. Ymb strk k̀he alhtrost gbtwbbh tmb cops stkcudotbi oh khtbrbstkhe

iksaussklh oglut tmb hbbi tl uhibrstohi odd rks̀ s ohi aopoaktkbs tl

gbst prbporb nlr hoturod iksostbrs.

Qamllds

Zblpdb kh Qlutm Onrkao usbi alccuhkty coppkhe tl uhibrstohi

dlaod samllds‛ ohi alccuhktkbs‛ strbhetms ohi tmb amoddbhebs tmby

noabi. O ikvbrsb erlup ln alccuhkty cbcgbrs aocb tlebtmbr,

cohy nlr tmb rst tkcb, tl portkakpotb kh tmb coppkhe oatkvkty.

Qamlld stonn ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs, portkaudordy tmlsb nrlc

tmb samlld elvbrhkhe glikbs, gbeoh tl ortkaudotb tmb ckssklh

ohi vksklh stotbcbhts nlr tmb samllds, ibhb tmbkr smorbi rbsplh-

skgkdktkbs, ohi ibvbdlp wlr̀ pdohs. Alccuhkty ibvbdlpcbht

alcckttbbs wbrb arbotbi, wktm cbcgbrs ln tmb samllds ohi tmb

alccuhktkbs rbprbsbhtbi.

Kh @ozò mstoh, alccuhkty cops wbrb usbi os opproksod tllds tl

prlvkib shopsmlts ln tmb stuibhts‛ ohi alccuhktkbs‛ iokdy alhabrhs.


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12

Cops odsl prlvkibi tmb stortkhe plkht nlr o ikodleub wktm stuibhts

oglut tmbkr pbrabptklhs ln ohi ospkrotklhs nlr tmbkr alccuhktkbs. Ymb

purplsb ln uskhe tmb cops wos tl bxpdlrb tmb typbs ln khnlrcotklh

tmot bcbreb kh o alccuhkty coppkhe oatkvkty ohi tl prlvkib

bxocpdbs ln qubstklhs tmot orb mbdpnud kh prlabsskhe o alccuhkty

cop. Os o rbsudt ln tmb coppkhe bxbraksb, kt wos iksalvbrbi tmot tmb

stuibhts wbrb alhabrhbi oglut tmbkr rbdotklhsmkps ohi cohy wbrb

sunnbrkhe nrlc sbdn-bstbbc kssubs.

Lreohkzotklhs (Guskhbssbs)

Os o rbsudt ln o alccuhkty coppkhe bxbraksb khQdlvò ko, o dlaod

hlhelvbrhcbhtod lreohkzotklh wos os̀ bi tl portkakpotb kh o pkdlt

prlfbat cohoebi gy tmb Qdlvò Ckhkstry ln tmb Bhvkrlhcbht. Ymb

purplsb ln tmb pkdlt prlfbat wos tl kharbosb pugdka portkakpotklh

kh dohi-usb pdohhkhe skhab nbw aktkzbhs oatuoddy portkakpotbi kh

pugdka mborkhes ohi alhsbqubhtdy iki hlt portkakpotb kh dlaod tlwhohi dohi-usb pdohhkhe. Ymks pkdlt prlfbat rbprbsbhtbi o porthbrsmkp

gbtwbbh o dlaod lreohkzotklh ohi tmb Oebhay nlr tmb Bhvkrlhcbht

wml wkdd cohoeb tmb prlfbat nlr tmb Ckhkstry.

KhQlutm Onrkao, cohy alccuhktkbs wmbrb Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbrs

dkvb nlrcbi alcckttbbs ohi usbi coppkhe os port ln tmb trokhkhe.

Gltm hbw ohi bxkstkhe alcckttbbs kcprlvbi cohoebcbht s̀ kdds,kharbosbi cbcgbrsmkp, ohi nlrebi hbw dkh̀ s wktm alccuhkty

ohi hotklhod rbslurabs (suam os wktm elvbrhcbht ckhkstrkbs, dlaod

alccuhkty-gosbi lreohkzotklhs, hlhprlts, guskhbssbs, ltmbr

alcckttbbs, ohi ilhlrs). Kh odd khstohabs, alcckttbbs eokhbi

khskemts khtl tmbkr ogkdkty tl kibhtkny ohi rbsldvb alccuhkty

prlgdbcs os oh odtbrhotkvb tl woktkhe nlr lutskib osskstohab.

Kh Zoroeuoy, tboambrs usb alccuhkty ohodysks ohi coppkhe khporbhts‛ cbbtkhes ohi adossrllcs. Qtuibhts bhfly movkhe o erbotbr

vlkab tmrluem portkakpotlry rurod opproksod (ZWO). Lrkekhoddy,

tboambrs trkbi tl ikrbat tmb portkakpotlry oatkvktkbs tlworis tmb rbsudts

tmot tmby wohtbi tl sbb. Hlw, tmby movb rbodkzbi tmb vodub ln mborkhe



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1> Zboab Alrps

wmot tmb portkakpohts woht tl soy ohi dkstbhkhe tl tmb sldutklhs tmot

orb prlplsbi.

Qocpd Alcckty Cop


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15

Qoslod

AodiorsQboslhod aodbhiors troab sboslhod vorkotklhs kh doglr oatkvktkbs, khalcb

lw, ohi bxpbhikturb pottbrhs, oclhe ltmbr tmkhes. Ymby aoh odsl

khaduib6 wbotmbr pottbrhs0 arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh0 ohkcod ohi

pdoht iksbosbs0 ayadkaod rbslurab ovokdogkdkty0 mucoh mbodtm pottbrhs0 ohi

slakod lgdkeotklhs ohi bvbhts. Cohy mlusbmldis bxpbrkbhab pbrklis ln

balhlcka lr ltmbr strbssbs, ohi tmbsb vorkotklhs coy movb iknnbrbhtkod

kcpoats lh pblpdb gosbi lh sbx, oeb, ohi ltmbr amoroatbrkstkas.

Alccuhkty cbcgbrs orb ikvkibi khtl sugerlups, os opprlprkotb, ohi

boam erlup ibvbdlps kts lwh sboslhod aodbhior. Ymb noakdktotlr sueebsts

wmot tl khaduib ibpbhikhe lh tmb purplsb ln tmb erlups‛ bxbraksb.

Odd sugerlups plst ohi ibsarkgb tmbkr aodbhiors tl arbotb o gbttbr

uhibrstohikhe ln tmb ybor nrlc bvbrylhb‛s pbrspbatkvb.

Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln sboslhod aodbhiors usbi kh vorklus

sbttkhes…

Ot o wlr̀ smlp kh Uosmkhetlh, I.A., eroiuotb stuibhts wbrb

os̀ bi tl alhstruat o sboslhod aodbhior cbosurkhe sdbbp ibprkvotklh

iurkhe iknnbrbht tkcbs ln tmb oaoibcka aodbhior. Ymby arbotbi o

aodbhior tmot rbvbodbi tmb dbost sdbbp laaurrbi iurkhe cki-tbrcs,

hods, ohi smlrtdy gbnlrb eroiuotklh. Ymbh, portkakpohts alcporbitmbkr aodbhiors wktm iksostbr bvbht aodbhiors prbporbi gy tmb

Hotklhod Labohka ohi Otclspmbrka Oebhay (HLOO) wmkam prbikat

shlwstlrcs, kab stlrcs, tlrhoilbs, ohi sbvbrb tmuhibrstlrcs.

Zortkakpohts wbrb tmbh ogdb tl kibhtkny wmkam iksostbrs wbrb clst

dk̀ bdy tl onnbat tmbc ot prbaksbdy tmb tkcb tmby orb dbost prbporbi

tl rbsplhi. Ymby sugsbqubhtdy coib rbalccbhiotklhs tl tmbkr

uhkvbrskty‛s oickhkstrotklh oglut mlw tmb iksostbr prbporbihbsslnab lh aocpus ckemt rbsplhi. (Qkckdor aodbhiors aludi gb

ibvbdlpbi kh alccuhktkbs vudhbrogdb tl hoturod iksostbrs.)



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1= Zboab Alrps

Kh o alccuhkty wlr̀ smlp kh Hockgko, o wlcbh‛s arbikt erlup

alcpdbtbi o sboslhod aodbhior kh lribr tl oiirbss nlli sbaurkty ohitmb pltbhtkod nlr tmb hoturod iksostbr ln irluemt. Ymb aodbhior gbeoh

wktm tmb clhtm ln tmb smlrt rokhs, gbaousb tmot ks tmb gbekhhkhe ln

tmb oerkaudturod ayadb. Zortkakpohts rbalribi usuod wbotmbr pottbrhs,

arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh, ohi pottbrhs ln doglr ckerotklh lh

tmbkr aodbhiors. Ontbr alcpdbtkhe tmb ohodysks, tmb wlcbh rbodkzbi

tmot twl clhtms ln tmb ybor wbrb portkaudordy strbssnud nlr clst

nockdkbs iub tl dlw rokhnodd, dlw arlp prliuatklh, ohi mkem dbvbdsln codb ckerotklh tl Qlutm Onrkao nlr ckhkhe flgs. Ymby ibakibi

tmot tmbsb clhtms wludi gb tmb clst opprlprkotb tl rbabkvb nlli

oki lr hbw ckarl-arbikt dlohs ohi tmb wlrst tkcb tl bxpbat wlcbh

tl poy goà dlohs.

Ymb Yur̀ cbhkstoh wlcbh‛s tboamkhe aodbhior (sbb aodbhior

lh poeb 1;) rbvbodbi tmbkr cudtkpdb tos̀ s’kh samlld ohi lut’

tmrluemlut tmb sboslh. Kt prlvkibi tmb biuaotklh l̂duhtbbrs ohitboambrs o nlruc nlr iksausskhe tmb gbst tkcbs nlr kh-sbrvkab trokhkhe

ohi plsskgdb succbr prlfbats nlr tmb ̂ lduhtbbrs.


41/178

1;

Nker 7. Qoslod Aodior ‑ Yrcksto



42/178


9: Zboab Alrps

Iokdy Oatkkty

Qaids Ymb alhstruatklh ln iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs prlvkibs khnlrcotklh lh

bxoatdy wmot khikvkiuods ohi erlups il tmrluemlut boam ioy’wmkam

lntbh smlws iknnbrbhabs gy oeb, ebhibr, laaupotklh, ohi sl lh. Clst

mlusbmldis movb wbb̀ dy ohi sboslhod vorkotklhs kh tos̀ s, ohi sambiudbs

nlr iknnbrbht tkcbs ln ybor coy gb hbbibi tl ebt o alcprbmbhskvb

pkaturb. Ymks khnlrcotklh coy gb kcplrtoht wmbh ibtbrckhkhe wml

hbbis trokhkhe nlr o portkaudor prlfbat, wmbh kh tmb ioy (lr sboslh)

cbbtkhes ohi trokhkhe bvbhts aoh tò b pdoab, wmot typb ln doglr-sovkhe

khtbrvbhtklhs ckemt gb plsskgdb, ohi mlw amohebs ckemt kcpoat

iknnbrbht nockdkbs ohi nockdy cbcgbrs.

Alccuhkty cbcgbrs wlr̀ kh sugerlups, os opprlprkotb. Ymb sugerlups

ibvbdlp typkaod iokdy sambiudbs nlr iknnbrbht pbrklis6 tboambrs ohi

stuibhts iurkhe tmb samlld ybor ohi voaotklh0 oerkaudturod nockdkbsiurkhe iknnbrbht plrtklhs ln tmb pdohtkhe, erlwkhe, ohi morvbstkhe

sboslhs0 guskhbssbs iurkhe iknnbrbht tkcbs ln tmb ybor. Kn portkakpohts

orb wlr̀ khe kh sbx-iksoeerbeotbi erlups, tmby ckemt try ohi arbotb

tmb iokdy sambiudb ln tmb ltmbr erlup. Qugerlups smorb tmbkr wlr̀

wktm boam ltmbr.

Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs usbi kh vorklussbttkhes…

O alccuhkty khReohio usbi iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs tl kibhtkny,

ohodyzb ohi oiirbss sbxuod proatkabs tmot put pblpdb ot rks̀ ln MK^

khnbatklh. Ymb iokdy oatkvktkbs rbvbodbi tmot cbh movb o nokr ocluht

ln dbksurb tkcb kh wmkam tmby aoh ohi il bheoeb kh rks̀ y gbmovklrs

ohi tmot wlcbh movb o iksprlplrtklhotb guribh ln wlr̀ . Ymks dbi

tl o erluhigrbò khe iksaussklh gbtwbbh tmb cbh ohi wlcbh oglutwlr̀ dlois ohi sbxuod alhiuat tmot onnbatbi tmbkr nockdkbs‛ mbodtm

ohi wbdnorb.


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9?

Rppbr bdbcbhtory samlld glys ohi ekrds khEuyoho arbotbi iokdy

oatkvkty sambiudbs nlr o samlld ioy ohi o wbb̀ bhi ioy. O alcporkslh

ln tmbkr sambiudbs smlwbi tmb doreb ocluht ln mlusbmldi amlrbs

ekrds moi alcporbi tl glys. O iksaussklh oglut o clrb bquktogdb

smorkhe ln mlusbmldi rbsplhskgkdktkbs dbi glys tl kibhtkny sbvbrod

tos̀ s tmot tmby aludi boskdy il.

Bcpdlybbs ln oh lreohkzotklh kh ohurgoh orbo ikvkibi khtl erlups

ln cbh ohi wlcbh tl alcpdbtb iokdy sambiudbs ln o wlr̀ ioy.

Ymbkr iksaussklh ohi socpdb sambiudbs smlwbi vbry iknnbrbht nlausorbos. Ymb cbh‛s sambiudb smlwbi clrb ibtokd ln wlr̀ tos̀ s, ohi

tmb wlcbh‛s sambiudb rbvbodbi tmb usb ln tkcb gbnlrb wlr̀ , iurkhe

duham pbrklis, ohi tmrluemlut bvbhkhes nlr nockdy tos̀ s dk̀ b smlp-

pkhe, wosmkhe adltmbs, all̀ khe cbods ohi ltmbr oatkvktkbs.

Nker 1. Qocpd Iokdy Oatkkty Qaid

Umot orb tmb Alrb ZOAO Yllds<

DoAlsto

Ioy6 Ulcoh OC 96:: Ebt up

Qwbbp `ktambh ohi rllcs

Qtort rb

Uosm ohi irbss

961: Alddbat wotbr nlr ioy

Zut wotbr lh nlr alnnbb

26:: Zrbporb grbo`nost ohi duham

261: Qbrvb grbo`nost

Qtort irykhe sm

>6:: Ebt amkdirbh up

Uosm, irbss, ohi nbbi amkdirbh (Amkdirbh alddbat bees)

Hllh ?76:: Wbturh mlcb

Movb duham ohi hop

ZC 76:: Alddbat rbwlli

16:: Cbbt smkhe glots

Aorry sm mlcb

96:: Qtort prbporkhe ikhhbr

Adboh sm

Qodt lr stort irykhe sm

>6:: Qbrvb ikhhbr

Adboh-up ikhhbr Il mohiwlr`, cbhi adltmbs,

wmkdb dkstbhkhe tl hbws

;6:: Qmlwbr

;61: El tl gbi

DoAlsto

Ioy6 Coh OC 26:: Ebt up ohi irbss

Alddbat tllds/smkhe

bqukpcbht

261: Bot grbo`nost

>6:: Amba` hbts, prbporb/rbpokr

glots

Amba`/cbhi sokds

Yo`b duham

El smkhe

ZC 16:: Wbturh nrlc smkhe

Qbdd bxabss sm Adboh-up glots, hbts

Zut owoy bqukpcbht

26:: Qmlwbr ohi irbss

Cbbt wktm ltmbr cbh

>6:: Wbturh mlcb nlr ikhhbr

Adboh-up ikhhbr

Dkstbh tl lr wotam hbws

;61: El tl gbi


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97 Zboab Alrps

his

OssssctAlcpdbtkhe o hbbis ossbsscbht, lr oh ohodysks ln tmbkr sktuotklh, mbdps

alccuhkty cbcgbrs kibhtkny tmbkr ibskrbs, hbbis, lr prlgdbcs ohi

roh ̀tmbc kh lribr ln

prklrkty. O dkst ln kssubs

coy gb ibvbdlpbi nrlc

o iksaussklh lr nrlc

ohodyzkhe tmb rbsudts ln

uskhe ltmbr tllds, suam

os alccuhkty coppkhe

lr sboslhod aodbhiors. Zrklrktkzbi dksts arbotbi gy iknnbrbht sugerlups

orb kcplrtoht, os tmbsb dksts wkdd rbbat boam erlup‛s lwh tos̀ s ohi

pbrspbatkvbs. Ymb dksts orb tmbh prbsbhtbi tl tmb wmldb erlup. Os o

doreb erlup, alccuhkty cbcgbrs rboam o alhsbhsus lh tmb wmldb

erlup‛s alddbatkvb prklrktkbs.

Iksaussklh ln ktbcs lh tmb dkst dbois tl gbttbr uhibrstohikhe ln tmb

strbssbs lh cbh, wlcbh, ylutm, ohi ltmbr sugerlups wktmkh tmb

alccuhkty. Dll̀ khe nlr alcclh hbbis, lr prklrktkzkhe odd dksts, aoh

mbdp tl khspkrb oatklh lh ktbcs ln kcplrtohab nlr bvbrylhb.

Ymb nlddlwkhe orb bxocpdbs ln hbbis ossbsscbhts usbi kh vorklussbttkhes…

Kh tmb ontbrcotm ln Murrkaohb Cktam khAbhtrod Ocbrkao, o vorkbty

ln portkakpotlry hbbis ossbsscbhts wbrb alcpdbtbi gy HELs

wlr̀ khe kh sbvbrod aluhtrkbs. Rskhe iknnbrbht portkakpotlry cbtmlis

ohi wlr̀ khe wktm o vorkbty ln sugerlups nrlc oarlss tmb rbeklh,

o roheb ln slakod erlups wbrb kibhtkbi tmot wbrb portkaudordy

vudhbrogdb tl tmb iksostbr. Quam erlups khaduibi6 tmb hlh-dktbrotbgbaousb tmby wbrb uhogdb tl rboi bordy-worhkhe ohhluhabcbhts

ohi khstruatklhs kh tbcplrory smbdtbrs0 scodd oerkaudturod prliuabrs

gbaousb tmby wbrb iksprlplrtklhotbdy dlaotbi lh brlibi mkddskibs ohi

clst dlst tmbkr —khsurohab– kh tmb nlrc ln sbbis ohi kcpdbcbhts0

Dll`khe nlr alcclh hbbis, lr

prklrktkzkhe odd dksts, aoh mbdp tl

khspkrb oatklh lh ktbcs lnkcplrtohab nlr bvbrylhb.


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91

strbbt amkdirbh kh urgoh abh-

tbrs skhab tmby wbrb hlt

oaalccliotbi kh smbdtbrs0

nbcodb-mboibi mlusbmldis,

wmkam orb clrb dk b̀dy tl dlsb

mlusbmldi ossbts ohi orb

sdlwbr tl rbturh tl balhlcka

prliuatkvkty0 ohi khikebhlus

pblpdbs iub tl dkheukstka

ohi audturod alccuhkaotklh

gorrkbrs. Ymb alcpdbtklh ln

tmks hbbis ossbsscbht dbi tl

gbttbr torebtkhe ln iksostbr

rbsplhsb ohi gbttbr ibvbdlp-

cbht pdohhkhe tl oiirbss tmb

rllt aousbs ln slakod vudhbro-

gkdkty tl iksostbr.

Nlddlwkhe wor kh Clzoc-

gkqub, cohy rbnuebbs rb-

turhbi tl tmbkr vkddoebs tl

gbekh tmb prlabss ln rbgukdi-

khe tmbkr alccuhktkbs. Ymb

cbcgbrs ln lhb alccuhktyusbi o —hbbis cotrkx– tl

prklrktkzb tmb alccuhkty‛s

clst urebht hbbis nlr nlli,

wotbr ohi cbikakhb.

Irluemt cktkeotklh

odsl wos oiirbssbi,

os tmks wos oirluemt-strbssbi

orbo.

K Gdkz

Bcpmosks lh kibhtknykhe ohi

ossbsskhe o alccuhkty‛s

strbhetms khstboi ln kts

wbo`hbssbs gbttbr bhogdbs

^lduhtbbrs tl bstogdksm

plsktkvb dkh`oebs wktm tmbkr

alccuhktkbs. Ymks opprloam

mos kcprlvbi ottktuibs ohi

rbdotklhsmkps tmot sbrvb

gltm tmb alccuhkty ohi tmb

^lduhtbbr kh ibvbdlpkhe ohi

kcpdbcbhtkhe sustokhogdb

prlfbats tmot cbbt rbod hbbis

kibhtkbi gy tmb alccuhkty.

O nlaus lh portkakpotlry

proatkabs odsl oddlws nlr

ebhibr-sbhsktkvb alccuhkty

hbbis ossbsscbht ohi

khvktbs ylutm tl vlkab tmbkr

alhabrhs ohi bxprbss uhkqub

woys tl portkakpotb ohi to`b

lwhbrsmkp kh bhvkrlhcbhtod

prlerocs.



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99 Zboab Alrps

Kh o alccuhkty khBauoilr, erlups ln cbh ohi wlcbh wlr̀ khe

sbporotbdy roh̀ bi pbrabkvbi prlgdbc orbos iknnbrbhtdy. Umbh sbbh

tlebtmbr, tmb dksts sbbcbi cutuoddy bxaduskvb. Nlr bxocpdb, wlcbh

hltbi oaabss tl wotbr os o prlgdbc, gut cbh iki hlt. O iksaussklh

rbvbodbi tmot wlcbh wbrb rbsplhskgdb nlr tò khe tmb dkvbstlà tl

wotbr ohi nlr moudkhe wotbr goà tl tmbkr mlusbmldis. Cbh moi hl

ikrbat rbsplhskgkdktkbs nlr wotbr kh tmks alccuhkty ohi tmbrbnlrb

moi hlt nlausbi lh wotbr-rbdotbi prlgdbcs.

Kcoekhb ylu orb ot o wlr`smlp ohi

prklrktkzkhe ylur erlup‛s hbbis. Ymb

dkst aludi gb ibprbsskhe kn cohy ln

tmb amoddbhebs sbbc lut ln ylur

alhtrld’suam os hbeotkvb dbeksdotklh

lr doreb khnrostruaturb hbbis. Kh alc-

cuhkty prlfbats, tmks ks tmb tkcb wmbh

erlups aoh rb-prklrktkzb oaalrikhe tl

wmot tmby aoh il slcbtmkhe oglut

ohi nbbd bcplwbrbi tl kcprlvb tmbkr

sktuotklh kh proatkaod ybt kcplrtoht

woys.


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92

mkts nlr urgo uss ln ZOAO YlldsIlh‛t try tl cop lr —hi lut– bvbrytmkhe. Ymks ks bspbakoddy trub kh

urgoh sbttkhes gbaousb tmbrb ks fust tll cuam elkhe lh. Umot ks

kcplrtoht tl tmb alccuhkty kh wmkam ylu orb wlr`khe<

Uot ks o rgo alcckty<

O erlup lr alccuhkty wktmkh o doreb urgoh orbo

Erlups gy ibhogdb orbo, uhkt lr onhkty6

sug-hbkemglrmlli, stuibhts, tboambrs, cor`bt wlr`brs lr

smlppbrs, wmldbsodbrs, HELs, pbbr biuaotlrs, oportcbht

tbhohts, cuhkakpod bcpdlybbs.

mlw aldi ZOAO tllds g si wkt o rgo alcckty<

Alccuhkty cops

‑ Coppkhe tmb ossbts ohi orbos ln kcplrtohab kh tmb

hbkemglrmlli

‑ Coppkhe kcplrtoht orbos ln lvbrdoppkhe usb lr prklrkty nlr

onhkty erlups

‑ Coppkhe cor`bt sbrvkabs

‑ Coppkhe tmb orbos sbrvbi gy pbbr biuaotlrs, ylutm

lutrboam lr HEL wlr`

Yrohsbat cops

‑ Ymks aoh gb clrb torebtbi kh ^lduhtbbr ohi aluhtbrport

—survbykhe.–

‑ Umbrb orb trohsplrtotklh abhtbrs, cor`bts, bhtbrtokhcbht

abhtbrs, khiustry, bta.<

‑ Bspbakoddy wmbh wlr`khe wktm o samlld lr ylutm erlup6

wmbrb orb tmb pdoy orbos kh rbdotklh tl samlld ohi

mlcb, botkhe pdoabs, splrts suppdkbs lr spoab, dborhkhe

lpplrtuhktkbs lr dkgrorkbs, opprbhtkabsmkp lpplrtuhktkbs,

ohi vkskgdb rldb clibds<

(Alhtkhubi lh poeb 9>)



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9> Zboab Alrps

‑ Cbohibr vbrsus strokemt dkhb tl sbb kn hborgy orbos movb

skckdorktkbs lr iknnbrbhabs. Umy<

‑ Oddlws nlr lhb-lh-lhb iksaussklh lh tmb woy, rbod

khtbrprbtotklh gy dlaod rbskibhts lr lgsbrvotklh lh tmb

dlaotklh ln dbss ibskrogdb orbos (cuhkakpod trosm dohidds,

orbos ln mkem uhbcpdlycbht, hlhnuhatklhod cuhkakpod

sbrvkabs, iohebrlus pdoy orbos nlr amkdirbh, mbovy trona

pottbrhs) kh rbdotklh tl clrb plsktkvb bdbcbhts (por` dohi,

nuhatklhkhe cuhkakpod sbrvkabs suam os trosm rbclvod, sonb

smlppkhe ohi pdoy zlhbs, lgvklus aopktod khvbstcbht kh

mlcbs ohi guskhbssbs).

Qboslhod Aodbhiors

‑ Qamlld lr ioy aorb pottbrhs ln alst, tkcb ohi rbsplhskgkdktkbs

lvbr tkcb

‑ Mldkioys, abdbgrotklhs lr tlurkst sboslhs

‑ Guskhbss ayadbs ln pdohhkhe, ohhuod guiebtkhe, lgfbatkvb

ohi pbrklika gbhamcor` pdohhkhe

‑ Adkcotb ohi coflr ayadkaod pottbrhs ln prbakpktotklh, stlrcs

lr vbebtotklh

‑ Doglr ibcohi aurvb gy sbx, oeb ohi ltmbr erlup

‑ Ovokdogkdkty ohi prkab ln nlli ohi ltmbr `by mlusbmldi lr

erlup bxpbhikturbs

‑ Bdbatklhs lr ltmbr kcplrtoht pldktkaod lr lreohkzotklhod

bvbhts

‑ HEL, prlnbssklhod ohi lreohkzotklhod wlr`, lutrboam,

nuhirokskhe ohi ltmbr oatkvktkbs (@kwohks, Wltory, cbh‛s ohi

wlcbh‛s erlups)

Ltmbr tllds

‑ Iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs nlr cbcgbrs ln erlups pdohhkhe

prlfbats

‑ Hbtwlr` ohodysks gbtwbbh khikvkiuods ohi lreohkzotklhs

(slakod, pldktkaod, nockdy, wlr`, biuaotklhod, bta.)




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95

‑ Dkvbdkmlli ossbsscbht (suam os noatlrs alhtrkgutkhe tl

tmrkvkhe lr survkvod ln o slakod erlup, wlr` lreohkzotklh lr

hbkemglrmlli)

‑ Zrklrkty roh`khe (tmks ks bspbakoddy kcplrtoht wmbh wlr`khe

wktm onnkhkty erlups skhab tmby movb cohy iknnbrbht

osslakotklhs ohi rbdotklhsmkps, ln wmkam tmb kibhtkbi erlup

ks fust lhb)

Uot or alskirotkls oi plsskgkdktks nlr ske ZOAO

k rgo sttkes<

ZOAO aoh gb usbi kh l̂duhtbbr oatkvktkbs, ^lduhtbbr supplrt

ohi prlfbat pdohhkhe.

Ks tmb urgoh alccuhkty vbry ikvbrsb< Il cbcgbrs ln tmb

erlup `hlw boam ltmbr wbdd< Orb bxtbhibi nockdkbs vkskgdb

ohi khvldvbi<

[lur urgoh alccuhkty coy gb ikstrustnud ln strohebrs os`khe

qubstklhs0 usb trustbi noakdktotlrs.

Rrgoh poab aoh gb —nost– ohi ropkidy amohekhe sl portk-

akpohts coy movb ltmbr alccktcbhts lr khtbrbsts. Ymby coy

hlt movb cuam tkcb lr wkddkhehbss tl alddoglrotb nlr dlhe

pbrklis ln tkcb.

Ulcbh‛s rldbs orb clrb ikvbrsb wktm plsskgdb bcpdlycbht

lpplrtuhktkbs ohi khibpbhibhab.

[lu coy hbbi clrb tkcb tl eokh trust gbnlrb ilkhe ZOAO

oatkvktkbs.

Wurod-tl-urgoh ckerohts6 wmot wbrb bxpbatotklhs wmbh tmby

aocb, wmot orb tmby hlw, wmot orb tmbkr mlpbs ohi ospkrotklhs

nlr tmbkr amkdirbh<

Ymbrb coy gb stotkstkaod khnlrcotklh ohi cops ovokdogdb nrlc

elvbrhcbht lr ltmbr slurabs tl suppdbcbht alccuhkty

khnlrcotklh.

(Alhtk hubi nrlc poeb 9>)



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9= Zboab Alrps

Amoptbr 1 Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks

Lhab o cop mos gbbh ilhb, lr lhb ln tmb

ltmbr tllds usbi, wmot alcbs hbxt< Ymbsb

tllds aoh mbdp alccuhktkbs alcb tlebtmbr,

smorb khnlrcotklh, prklrktkzb tmbkr hbbis,

ohi gbekh tl sbb alharbtb plsskgkdktkbs nlr

kcprlvkhe tmbkr dkvbs. [bt lhab tmb hbbis movb

gbbh bxprbssbi, mlw il tmby oamkbvb tmbkr

elods< Umbrb ks tmb —nlr alccuhkty oatklh– port ln portkakpotlry

ohodysks nlr alccuhkty oatklh (ZOAO)<

Hbxt stbps aoh vory. Qlcbtkcbs tmb usb ln lhb tlld wkdd clvb tmb

alccuhkty tl oatklh. Qlcbtkcbs sbvbrod tllds orb usbi tl ebt o clrb

alcpdbtb pkaturb ln tmb sktuotklh.

Ibvbdlpcbht ln Oatkvktkbslr Dorebr Zrlfbats

Ohodysks coy dboi tl skcpdb oatklhs tmot il hlt rbqukrb bdoglrotb

pdohhkhe tl kcpdbcbht. Ltmbrs coy hlt gb sl skcpdb. Kn tmb oatklh ks

elkhe tl gb o nokrdy alcpdbx alccuhkty prlfbat, ̂ lduhtbbrs wkdd hiYmb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi Cohoebcbht Cohuod PKAB Hl. Y:?:5S

oh bxabddbht slurab ln stbp-gy-stbp eukiohab lh mlw tl wlr̀ tmrluem

tmb portkakpotlry ibskeh, cohoebcbht ohi bvoduotklh prlabss wktmaluhtbrports ohi alccuhkty cbcgbrs. Ymb Hbw Zrlfbat Ibskeh ohi

Cohoebcbht Cohuod ks odsl ovokdogdb kh Qpohksm PKAB Hl. Y:?75S

ohi Nrbham PKAB Hl. Y:?7=S ohi aoh gb ilwhdloibi nrlc tmb Zboab

Alrps‛ lhdkhb dkgrory (www.pboabalrps.elv).


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9;

Clvkhe nrlc Ohodysks wktm Lhb Ylld tl Oatklh

Rskhe tmb nlrcudotklh6 Umot< Ql Umot< Hlw Umot< tmb amort gbdlwsmorbs bxocpdbs ln mlw uskhe ZOAO tllds mos dbi tl oatklh kh vorklus

alccuhktkbs. Ymb hbxt sbatklh ibsarkgbs alcpdbx prlfbats tmot movb

usbi clrb tmoh lhb ZOAO tlld.

Wbdlaotklh ontbr hoturod iksostbrZbru

Umot< ^katkcs ln o cosskvb lli irbw o cop tl mbdp wktm

tmb iksostbr rbalhstruatklh prlabss. Ymbkr alccuhkty

cop ibpkatbi hlt lhdy tmbkr mlcbstbois (wmkam moi

gbbh ibstrlybi gy tmb lli) gut odsl tmbkr troiktklhod

oerkaudturod ohi posturb dohis.

Ql Umot< Lutskib iksostbr-rbalvbry bxpbrts moi khtbhibi tl

rbdlaotb tmb vkddoebrs ohi prlvkib hbw dlts ohi mlcbslutskib ln tmb lli pdokh ohi hbor o scodd urgoh abhtbr.

Hlw Umot< Ontbr sbbkhe tmb cop, ohi khtbrvkbwkhe dlaod pblpdb

oglut tmbkr sugskstbhab pottbrhs, tmb bxpbrts rbodkzbi

tmot rbdlaotklh tl oh urgoh orbo wludi aut vkddoebrs

lnn nrlc tmbkr bdis ohi posturb dohis. Os o rbsudt,

rbdlaotklh pdohs wbrb rbibskehbi ohi o iknnbrbht

dlaotklh wos sbdbatbi.

Ulcbh‛s arbikt erlupHockgko

Umot< Kh o alccuhkty wlr`smlp, o wlcbh‛s arbikt erlup

alcpdbtbi o sboslhod aodbhior tl oiirbss nlli sbaurkty

ohi tmb pltbhtkod nlr irluemt. Ymb aodbhior gbeoh wktmtmb clhtm ln smlrt rokhs, gbaousb tmot ks tmb gbekhhkhe ln

tmb oerkaudturod ayadb. Zortkakpohts khaduibi usuod wbotmbr

pottbrhs, arlps ohi ohkcod prliuatklh, ohi pottbrhs ln

doglr ckerotklh lh tmbkr aodbhiors.

Umot Moppbhs Ontbr Ohodysks


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2: Zboab Alrps

Ql Umot< Ontbr alcpdbtkhe tmb ohodysks, tmb wlcbh rbodkzbi

tmot twl clhtms ln tmb ybor wbrb portkaudordy strbssnudnlr clst nockdkbs gbaousb ln dlw rokhnodd, dlw arlp

prliuatklh, ohi mkem dbvbds ln codb ckerotklh tl Qlutm

Onrkao nlr ckhkhe flgs.

Hlw Umot< Ymby ibakibi tmot nlr tmbsb clhtms kt wludi gb tmb clst

opprlprkotb tl rbabkvb nlli oki lr hbw ckarl-arbikt dlohs

ohi tmb wlrst tkcb tl bxpbat wlcbh tl poy goa` dlohs.

Yorebtkhe erlups nlr wlr`smlpsBost Onrkao

Umot< Kh Bost Onrkao, postlrodkst cbh ohi wlcbh wbrb os`bi tl

alcpdbtb iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs os port ln o portkakpotlry

iksostbr-prbvbhtklh prlabss. Gbaousb dkvbstla` sbrvbos tmbkr cokh slurab ln khalcb, tmb gbst nlrc ln iksostbr

prbvbhtklh kh tmbsb orbos ks lntbh tmb prltbatklh ln

dkvbstla` nrlc nockhb, iksbosb, ohi ltmbr mozoris.

Ql Umot< Ibvbdlpcbht wlr`brs usbi tmb iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs

ln cbh ohi wlcbh tl gbekh uhibrstohikhe tmb ebhibr-

gosbi ikvksklh ln doglr kh tmb alccuhkty. Ymby nluhi, nlr

bxocpdb, tmot wlcbh orb ebhbroddy rbsplhskgdb nlr scoddstla` (elots, smbbp) ohi ska`, prbehoht, lr doatotkhe

ohkcods ln odd skzbs0 wmkdb yluhe cbh orb ebhbroddy

rbsplhskgdb nlr mbrikhe ohi oaalcpohykhe oiudt aottdb

ohi aocbds.

Hlw Umot< Ybocs usbi tmks khnlrcotklh tl ibskeh opprlprkotb trokhkhe

cotbrkods nlr o sbrkbs ln alccuhkty wlr`smlps nlausbi lh

ohkcod mbodtm, voaakhotklh, ohi ohkcod ckiwknbry.


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2?

Ibskrb nlr s`kdd-gukdikhe ohi bcplwbrcbhtAltb i‛Kvlkrb

Umot< O Zboab Alrps ̂ lduhtbbr alddoglrotbi wktm tmb wlcbh

kh mbr vkddoeb tl mbdp tmbc lreohkzb tmbkr kibos ohi

rbslurabs tl oiirbss alhabrhs wktmkh tmbkr alccuhkty.

Ymb wlcbh moi tmb pltbhtkod tl mbdp tmbkr alccuhkty

gbylhi tmb hlrcod salpb ln tmbkr nuhirokskhe oatkvktkbs

nlr alccuhkty nbstkvods, corrkoebs ohi nuhbrods. Ymb

nuhiocbhtod bdbcbhts prbvklusdy doa`khe kh tmb erlup

wbrb tmb `hlwdbieb ohi s`kdds tl lreohkzb tmbcsbdvbs

ohi o strlhe sbhsb ln bcplwbrcbht.

Ql Umot< Gy uskhe ZOAO tbamhkqubs, tmb wlcbh‛s erlup gbeoh

tl arbotb o sambiudb ln clhtmdy cbbtkhes gosbi lh

tmb duhor aodbhior ohi vkddoeb cor`bt ioys. Ot boam

cbbtkhe, tmby aludi iksauss tmb prlerbss ln tmbkr wlr`

ohi alhtrkgutb 72: ANO (opprlxkcotbdy 11 abhts) khtl tmb

erlup nuhi.

Hlw Umot< Gbaousb ln tmb ropki kharbosb kh tmbkr prlfbat oatkvktkbs,

tmb erlup sbaurbi o eroht nrlc tmb Ulrdi Goh`, wmkam

oddlwbi tmbc tl portkakpotb kh o sbrkbs ln trokhkhes lh

allpbrotkvb cohoebcbht, skcpdkbi oaaluhtkhe, ohi

kcprlvbi oerkaudturod prliuatklh. Gy Coy 7:::, tmb

erlup sovbi clrb tmoh 2::,::: ANO (opprlxkcotbdy$>5:). Uktm tmbsb rbslurabs, tmb wlcbh orb gukdikhe

wbdds, wmkam wbrb tmbkr clst kccbikotb arktkaod hbbi

os kibhtkbi gy uskhe ZOAO tllds. Qlcb ln tmb erlup‛s

cbcgbrs movb portkakpotbi kh alccuhkty mbodtm wlr`br

trokhkhe ohi hlw cohoeb —pmorcoay glxbs,– ikspbhskhe

alcclh cbikakhbs kh tmb vkddoeb. Kh Qbptbcgbr 7:::,

tmby rbabkvbi o ilhotklh nrlc tmb R.Q. Ocgossoilr‛s

sbdn-mbdp prlfbat tl alhstruat tmb mluskhe nlr o hbw ckdd.



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27 Zboab Alrps

Zrklrktkzkhe Mbodtm Zrlgdbcs

Gur`kho Nosl

Umot< Alccuhkty mbodtm wlr`brs alhiuatbi o portkakpotlry

hbbis ossbsscbht wktm tmbkr aluhtbrports ohi

alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl kibhtkny ohi prklrktkzb mbodtm

prlgdbcs kh tmb alccuhkty.

Ql Umot< Ylpkas tmot bcbrebi nrlc tmb stuiy khaduibi sbxuoddy

trohsckttbi khnbatklhs (QYKs)/OKIQ, Eukhbo wlrc, lrodrb-myirotklh trbotcbht (LWY), nbcodb akraucaksklh, gogy

nbbikhe, ohi kccuhkzotklhs, oclhe ltmbrs.

Hlw Umot< Ymb hikhes ln tmb alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbhts dbi

tl oatklh pdohs nlr tmb mboi hursbs, tmb cohoebcbht

alcckttbbs, ohi tmb ^lduhtbbrs. Kh oiiktklh, tmb

rbplrts orb gbkhe usbi gy tmb mbodtm abhtbr nlr ltmbr

khtbrvbhtklhs ohi nuturb prlfbat bvoduotklhs.

Zortkakpotlry Hbbis OssbsscbhtZbru

Umot< ^lduhtbbrs noakdktotbi o alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbht

ohi mbdpbi o alccuhkty co`b tmb amlkab tl khktkotb

o dotrkhb-alhstruatklh prlfbat. Ymb alccuhkty moi hldotrkhbs lr tlkdbts ot tmb tkcb, gut moi o plpudotklh ln =:

nockdkbs ohi opprlxkcotbdy 9:: pbrslhs.

Ql Umot< Ymb l̂duhtbbrs pdoybi o aruakod rldb kh bheoekhe tmb

alccuhkty ohi ibvbdlpkhe o alcclh stbworismkp btmka

oclhe alccuhkty cbcgbrs tl oiirbss tmbkr smorbi

ibvbdlpcbht hbbis.

Hlw Umot< Ontbr alhiuatkhe tmb rst portkakpotlry cbbtkhe kh tmb

alccuhkty, tmb sbalhi cbbtkhe odclst ilugdbi tmb

hucgbr ln portkakpohts, ohi bhibi wktm tmb alccuhkty



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21

rbqubstkhe o tmkri cbbtkhe tl oivohab tmbkr pdohhkhe os

sllh os plsskgdb. Odlhe wktm tmb dotrkhb alhstruatklh,

cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty dborhbi prlpbr wostb

iksplsod, pbrslhod myekbhb proatkabs, pugdka sohktotklh,

ohi pugdka oworbhbss ln tmb kcplrtohab ln dotrkhbs.

Alccuhkty Hbbis OssbsscbhtAopb ^brib

Umot< ^lduhtbbrs clgkdkzbi ohi trokhbi o tboc ln slakod

wlr`brs tl alhiuat o alccuhkty hbbis ossbsscbht wktm

o erlup ln strbbt ylutm.

Ql Umot< Ymb hbbis ossbsscbht bxbraksb bcplwbrbi tmb ylutm

tl ortkaudotb tmbkr lwh prklrktkbs ohi bheoeb kh plsktkvbpdohhkhe tl kcprlvb tmbkr dkvbs.

Hlw Umot< Ymb ohodysks rbsudtbi kh tmb ibvbdlpcbht ln vorklus

prlfbats tmot oiirbssbi tmb ylutm‛s sbdn-kibhtkbi

prklrktkbs ohi gbeoh tl cbbt tmbkr clst prbsskhe hbbis.




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29 Zboab Alrps

Ibsarkptklh ln Yrkoheudotklh

Ontbr lhb portkakpotlry tlld mosgbbh usbi, kt ks lntbh mbdpnud tl

usb lhb lr clrb oiiktklhod tllds

tl alcpdbcbht tmb khnlrcotklh

eokhbi gy tmb rst. Ymks ks aoddbi

trkoheudotklh. Nlr bxocpdb, kn

o portkaudor hbbi ks ibtbrckhbi

gy tmb alccuhkty, rbslurabcoppkhe coy mbdp kibhtkny wmot

ossbts kt mos tl stort wktm lr dbvbr-

oeb, suam os oh orbo ln dohi0

khstktutklhs hborgy0 oaabss tl

row cotbrkods, doglr, lr ltmbr

ktbcs. Iokdy oatkvkty sambiudbs

ckemt rbvbod wml mos tmb tkcbtl il slcb ln tmb tos̀ s rbqukrbi,

ohi wmbh tl sambiudb cbbtkhes

tl bhsurb wkib portkakpotklh kh

pdohhkhe. O sboslhod aodbhior

ckemt rbvbod tkcb pbrklis wmbh

tmb doglr ovokdogkdkty lr elli

wbotmbr pbrckts tmb alcpdbtklhln tos̀ s, lr wmbh tmbrb ckemt gb

tmb khalcb hbbibi tl poy nlr

rbqukrbi ktbcs.

Kh Ylel

Norcbrs‛ allpbrotkvbs

alhiuatbi wlr`smlps

oiirbsskhe khtberotbi

oerkaudturb. Cbbtkhes

khaduibi ZOAO oatkvktkbs,

suam os alccuhktycoppkhe, sboslhod

aodbhiors ohi prklrkty

roh`khe tl mbdp portkakpohts

alhabptuodkzb tmbkr

rbslurabs ohi hbbis,

ohi rbodkzb tmb kcpoat

tmbkr bvbryioy dkvbs ohi

oerkaudturod proatkabs movb

lh tmbkr bhvkrlhcbht. Ot

tmb bhi ln tmbsb cbbtkhes,

^lduhtbbrs moi bstogdksmbi

rbdotklhsmkps ohi sbt up

vkskts tl norcbrs wml wbrb

khtbrbstbi kh wlr`khe lh

oerlnlrbstry, khtberotbi

oerkaudturb ohi/lr

bhvkrlhcbhtodcohoebcbht. Clrb tmoh

7,=:: norcbrs portkakpotbi

kh cbbtkhes, 17 pbrabht ln

wmlc wbrb wlcbh.


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22

Clvkhe nrlc Ohodysks wktmQbvbrod Yllds tl Oatklh

Rskhe tmb nlrcudotklh6 Umot< Ql Umot< Hlw Umot< tmb amort gbdlw

ibsarkgbs mlw iknnbrbht erlups movb usbi sbvbrod ZOAO tllds tlebtmbr,

dboikhe tl oatklh.

Oh Rhnkhksmbi Adossrllc

Zoroeuoy

Umot< O portkakpotlry hbbis ossbsscbht rbvbodbi biuaotklh

tl gb o alccuhkty alhabrh. Nurtmbr iksaussklh hltbi

tmot tmbrb wos oh uhhksmbi sbalhi adossrllc ln tmb

dlaod samlld.

Ql Umot< O sboslhod aodbhior bxbraksb rbvbodbi wmbh doglr

wludi gb ovokdogdb tl alcpdbtb tmb adossrllc.

Hlw Umot< Alccuhkty cbcgbrs gbeoh alddbatkhe tmb cotbrkods sl

tmby wludi gb lh mohi wmbh tmb doglr wos ovokdogdb.

Oatklh Zdohhkhe Qbhbeod

Umot< ^lduhtbbrs ohi tmbkr mlst aluhtry aluhtbrports usbi

sbvbrod ZOAO tllds tl noakdktotb o alccuhkty-gukdikhe

wlr`smlp.

Ql Umot< Dlaod aluhtbrports wbrb touemt ZOAO opprloambs

ohi nbdt tmot tmby wludi gb usbnud kh alccuhkty

cbbtkhes. ^kddoeb bdibrs rbodkzbi tmot odd erlups

aludi flkh kh cbbtkhes kh audturoddy opprlprkotb woys

ohi prlvkib kcplrtoht pbrspbatkvbs tmot wludi

gbhbt tmb alccuhkty.

Hlw Umot< Zortkakpohts ibvbdlpbi o vb-ybor oatklh pdoh0 ohi tmb

rldb ln tmb ^lduhtbbrs wos ibhbi nlr bvbrylhb.



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2> Zboab Alrps

Ibodkhe wktm ^udhbrogdb Erlups

KOZ Wbeklh

Umot< O plst-iksostbr hbbis ossbsscbht rbvbodbi tmot slcb

cbcgbrs ln tmb alccuhkty wbrb clrb vudhbrogdb tl

iksostbrs ohi tmbkr kcpoat tmoh ltmbrs kh tmb alccuhkty.

Ql Umot< O alcgkhotklh ln o coppkhe bxbraksb ohi iokdy oatkvkty

sambiudbs wktm iknnbrbht alccuhkty cbcgbrs (cbh,

wlcbh, amkdirbh, btmhka ckhlrktkbs) smlwbi tmotplvbrty, ebhibr, ohi btmhkakty wbrb tmb cokh vorkogdbs

tmot wbrb dkh`bi tl slakod vudhbrogkdkty.

Hlw Umot< Ymb alccuhkty ibakibi tl arbotb godohabi —iksostbr

alcckttbbs– tl co`b surb tmot tmb clst vudhbrogdb

pblpdb wbrb prltbatbi iurkhe nuturb hoturod iksostbrs.

Hbbis Ossbsscbht Codk

Umot< ^lduhtbbrs osskstbi vkddoebrs kh alhiuatkhe portkakpotlry

hbbis ohodysbs ohi arbotkhe opprlprkotb oatklh pdohs

iurkhe o ZOAO kh-sbrvkab trokhkhe kh twl alccuhktkbs.

Ql Umot< Lhb alccuhkty ibvbdlpbi o ibtokdbi vb-ybor pdoh os

o rbsudt ln oh kh-ibptm hbbis ossbsscbht prlabss.

Hlw Umot< Ymb hbbis ossbsscbht prlabss rbkhnlrabi tmb rldb ln

tmb sohktotklh alcckttbb kh lhb alccuhkty o

Peace Corps Using PACA: 2005

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