Peace Corps Suriname Final Audit Report May 2010 PC Suriname Final Audit Report IG1006A

8/9/2019 Peace Corps Suriname Final Audit Report May 2010 PC Suriname Final Audit Report IG1006A

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Zbehb HgrzxGnnkhb gn Kdxzbh|gr Ibdbrec

ZH'Xrkdeab gnnkhb kd Zereaerkog E ^gcd|bbrx Fgab gd |fb Rzzbr Xrkdeab _k~br

Ncei gn Xrkdeab

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|=

Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab

Ae{ ?:5:


2/54


3/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab k

BVBHR\K^B XRAAE_[

Yb ngdl |fe| Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeabx nkdedhkec edl elakdkx|re|k~b gzbre|kgdx edl k|x

hgazckedhb yk|f eibdh{ zgckhkbx edl nblbrec rbice|kgdx dbblbl kazrg~babd|$ Yb dg|bllbnkhkbdhkbx kd |frbb gn |fb nk~b kd|brdec hgd|rgc x|edlerlx gn |fb Ig~brdabd|Ehhgd|eokck|{ Gnnkhb= x|edlerlx rbukrkdi e hgd|rgc bd~krgdabd|# hgd|rgc eh|k~k|kbx# edlbnnbh|k~b agdk|grkdi$ Xgab gn |fb agrb kazgr|ed| nkdlkdix erb xaaerk}bl obcgy$

Kazrbx| Ndl Aedeibabd|Kazrbx| ndl g~brxkif| o{ zgx| aedeibabd| yex kdelbue|b$ Agx| kazrbx| ndl~brknkhe|kgdx kd nkxhec {berx ?::6 edl ?::; ybrb zbrngrabl e| gr ergdl |fb bdl gn |fbagd|f# re|fbr |fed e| ~er{kdi |kabx lrkdi |fb agd|f$ Kd ellk|kgd# |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|grlkl dg| zbrngra gdb rbukrbl uer|brc{ ~brknkhe|kgd# edl ngr gdb agd|f# dg ~brknkhe|kgdyex zbrngrabl$ Nr|fbr# |fb ~brknkhe|kgdx lkl dg| kdhclb e hgazcb|b rb~kby gn

rbhgdhkckdi lghabd|x edl |fbkr zrgzbr rbhgrlkdi gd |fb hexf rbhgdhkcke|kgd x|e|babd|$\kabc{ edl hgazcb|b ~brknkhe|kgdx erb ed bxxbd|kec kd|brdec hgd|rgc g~br |fb zgx|x agx|ckukl exxb|$

^gcd|bbr Eccgyedhbx^gcd|bbrx ybrb dg| ecye{x zekl |fbkr ck~kdi edl xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhbx gd |kab# lb |g|fb ce|b errk~ec gn |fb eccgyedhb hfbh`x$ Ecxg# e gdb!ybb` babribdh{ ck~kdi eccgyedhbel~edhb |g ^gcd|bbrx yex dg| lblh|bl nrga |fb ^gcd|bbrx xoxbubd| ck~kdieccgyedhb ze{abd|x$ Kd ellk|kgd# yfkcb |fb xr~b{ le|e rbxc|kdi nrga |fb zgx|x ?::6xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb xr~b{ yex hgazkcbl gd e xzrbelxfbb|# |fb zgx|x nkcbx fel dgedec{xkx gn |fb rbxc|x dgr hgdhcxkgd rbierlkdi |fb eccgyedhbx elbueh{$ Agrbg~br# ed

kdlbzbdlbd| zrkhb xr~b{ yex dg| zbrngrabl$ \fb eog~b hgdlk|kgdx erb xkidknkhed| xkdhb^gcd|bbrx lbzbdl gd |kabc{ edl elbue|b eccgyedhbx ngr |fbkr fbec|f edl ybcc!obkdi$ Kdellk|kgd# |fb zgx| lkl dg| fe~b e abagredla gn eirbbabd| yk|f |fb oed` fedlckdi^gcd|bbr eccgyedhbx# bx|eockxfkdi edl lghabd|kdi |fb oed`x rbukrbabd|x edlrbxzgdxkokck|kbx$

Okcckdix edl Hgccbh|kgdx\fb zgx| lkl dg| |reh` edl okcc ngr zbrxgdec xeib gn gnnkhb cedlckdb zfgdbx0 |fb zfgdbhgazed{x okccx lkl dg| zrg~klb zfgdb daobr lb|ekc$ \fb okcckdi gnnkhbr lkl dg| rb|ekd ehgz{ gn |fb okcc gn hgccbh|kgd &OGH+ dgr rbhbk~b e hgz{ gn |fb ibdbrec rbhbkz|# |g agdk|gr|fb x|e|x gn okcckdix edl ngccgy z ex dbblbl$ \fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lkl dg| rb~kby

|fb OGH cgi# edl |fb cgix lbxhrkz|kgdx ybrb dg| ecye{x xnnkhkbd|c{ bvzcede|gr{ |gzbrak| ed kdngrabl rb~kby$

Gockie|kgdx edl Ckukle|kgdx\fb zgx| lkl dg| ecye{x rbhgrl |fb gockie|kgd e| |fb |kab |fb hgd|reh| gr lbo| yexbx|eockxfbl$


4/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab kk

Zrgzbr|{ Aedeibabd|Hgd|rgcx edl zrghblrbx g~br zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ ybrb lbnkhkbd|# edl |fb zgx|x zrgzbr|{kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb hgd|ekdbl dabrgx lkxhrbzedhkbx$ \fb xeab zbrxgd aekd|ekdbl |fbzgx|x zrgzbr|{ le|eoexb edl zbrngrabl |fb zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ ~brknkhe|kgd$ Nr|fbr# |fble|eoexb yex dg| zle|bl ngr hfedibx# kdhclkdi |fb rbnrbxf gn hgaz|br bukzabd| kd

Meder{ ?::;$ Ecxg# rbukrbl zbrkglkh rbhgdhkcke|kgdx o{ |fb zrgzbr|{ hgd|rgc gnnkhbr edl|fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr ybrb dg| zbrngrabl$ Kd ellk|kgd# hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ybrb dg|go|ekdbl ngr zrgzbr|{ fbcl kd |fb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrb rbxklbdhbx# edl ybrb dg| hgdxkx|bd|c{go|ekdbl ngr zrgzbr|{ fbcl o{ ^gcd|bbrx$

^bfkhcbx Aedeibabd|\fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix ybrb dg| rb~kbybl# kdk|kecbl# edl le|bl o{ ecc rbukrbl kdlk~klecx#|g ~brkn{ |fe| |fb zgx|x ~bfkhcbx ybrb obkdi ezzrgzrke|bc{ xbl$ Nr|fbr# |fb cgixhgd|ekdbl lkxhrbzedhkbx$ Kd ellk|kgd# xb~brec e|fgrk}e|kgdx ngr fgab!|g!gnnkhb xb gnzgx| ~bfkhcbx ybrb ik~bd grecc{ edl lghabd|bl e| e ce|br le|b$

Zbrxgddbc Aedeibabd|Zbrxgdec xbr~khbx hgd|reh|grx &ZXHx+ ybrb dg| ecye{x zekl gd |kab# lb |g |fb ce|b errk~ecgn |fb hfbh`x$ Nr|fbr# ZXHx |kabxfbb|x ybrb dg| ecye{x xoak||bl |kabc{ edl lkl dg|ecye{x kdlkhe|b |fb bv|re fgrx ygr`bl |fe| rbxc|bl kd hgazbdxe|gr{ |kab$ Agrbg~br#xzbr~kxgrx lkl dg| zbrkglkhecc{ rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx# yfkhfhgd|ekdbl lkxhrbzedhkbx$ Ecxg# xb~brec x|enn abaobrx bvhbblbl |fb zgx|x ?

\re~bc Aedeibabd|X|enn lkl dg| ecye{x xoak| |fbkr kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbrx yk|fkd nk~b le{x en|br |fb|rkzx hgazcb|kgd$ Ecxg# xb~brec kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbrx hgd|ekdbl lkxhrbzedhkbx#edl ngr gdb |re~bc ~ghfbr# |fb le|b xkidbl ex rb~kbybl yex berckbr |fed |fb le|b xkidblo{ |fb |re~bcbr$

Nkcb Aedeibabd|\fb zgx|x nkcbx hgd|ekdbl elakdkx|re|k~b# zrgirea# edl ^gcd|bbr lghabd|x le|kdi oeh`|g |fb kdhbz|kgd gn |fb zrgirea kd 5;;2$ Dg| elfbrkdi |g eibdh{ nkcb rb|bd|kgd iklbckdbxkazblbx bnnkhkbd| nkcb aedeibabd| edl |fb bnnbh|k~b xb gn |fb zgx|x gnnkhb xzehb$

Zrghrbabd|Gdb rbxklbd|kec cbexb xzbhknkbl ed kdhgrrbh| cbexb zbrkgl$ Nr|fbr# xb~brec cbexb gz|kgdrbdbyecx x|e|bl |fe| |fkx yex |fb nkdec gz|kgd# yfbd k| yex dg|# edl hbr|knkhe|bx gnehhbz|edhb ybrb dg| ecye{x hgazcb|bl$ Xgab x|e|babd|x gn ygr` ybrb bk|fbr akxxkdi

nrga |fb ZXHx nkcbx gr dg| kdhclbl yk|f |fb eh|ec hgd|reh|x$ Ecxg# gdb x|enn abaobrxxbhrk|{ hcberedhb zle|b hgcl dg| ob cghe|bl# edl e ZXHx dby hgd|reh| hgd|ekdbl gdc{|fb nkrx| |yg zeibx re|fbr |fed |fb hgazcb|b hgd|reh| ecgdi yk|f |fb x|e|babd| gn ygr`$

Ablkhec Xzzckbx\fb zgx| lkl dg| kazcbabd| |fb eibdh{x ablkhec xzzckbx zgckh{$ Hgd|rer{ |g zgckh{# |fbZbehb Hgrzx Ablkhec Gnnkhbr &ZHAG+ aekd|ekdbl ecc ablkhec xzzckbx kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx$Nr|fbr# |fb ablkhec exxkx|ed| zbrngrabl |fb zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ gn lrix gn e xzbhkecc{


5/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab kkk

lbxkide|bl de|rb# yfkhf xfgcl fe~b obbd fedlcbl o{ e zbrxgd g|xklb |fb ablkhec dk|#o| yex dg|$ Agrbg~br# e zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ gn hgd|rgccbl xox|edhbx yex dg| zbrngrablo{ |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr ngr gdb uer|br$ Kd ellk|kgd# |fb ablkhec exxkx|ed| re|fbr |fed ezbrxgd nrga g|xklb |fb ablkhec dk| gzbdbl# kd |fb zrbxbdhb gn |fb ZHAG# ablkhecxzzc{ rbhbkz|x e| |fb zgx|$ Nr|fbr# |fb ZHAG lkl dg| xb |fb rbukrbl lkxzbdxbl

ablkhec xzzckbx ngra$ Ellk|kgdecc{# |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr lkl dg| xoak| gd ed eddecoexkx |fb ablkhec kd~bd|gr{ hgd|rgc cgi |g Gnnkhb gn Ablkhec Xbr~khbx &GAX+$ Nkdecc{# ybngdl lkxhrbzedhkbx# kd ued|k|kbx edl bvzkre|kgd le|bx# ob|ybbd gr |bx| hgd|x edl |fbablkhec xzzckbx kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx$

\fb zgx|x derre|k~b |g k|x nkxhec {ber ?:5:!?:5? Kd|bire|bl Zceddkdi edl Olib|kdiX{x|ba &KZOX+ rbzgr| xoak||bl |g fbeluer|brx# x|e|bx ex e igec Kazrg~blelakdkx|re|k~b aedeibabd| edl kdhclbx e daobr gn gombh|k~bx yfkhf ygcl fbczrbxgc~b aed{ gn |fb kxxbx dg|bl eog~b$

Ezzbdlkv O kdhclbx hgaabd|x nrga zgx| x|enn edl ^gcd|bbrx kd|br~kbybl$ Gr rbzgr|

hgd|ekdx >5 rbhgaabdle|kgdx# yfkhf# kn kazcbabd|bl# xfgcl x|rbdi|fbd kd|brdec hgd|rgcxedl hgrrbh| |fb lbnkhkbdhkbx lb|ekcbl kd |fb ehhgazed{kdi rbzgr|$


6/54

\eocb gn Hgd|bd|x

BVBHR\K^B XRAAE_[ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ k

KD\_GLRH\KGD $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5

ERLK\ _BXRC\X $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5

E$ EXXBXXABD\ GN KD\B_DEC HGD\_GC$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?

O$ KAZ_BX\ NRDL AEDEIBABD\ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 8

H$ ^GCRD\BB_ ECCGYEDHBX $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

L$ OKCCKDIX EDL HGCCBH\KGDX $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6

B$ GOCKIE\KGDX EDL CKURKLE\KGDX$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5:

N$ Z_GZB_\[ AEDEIBABD\ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 55

I$ ^BFKHCBX AEDEIBABD\ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 52

F$ ZB_XGDDBC AEDEIBABD\$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 59

K$ \_E^BC AEDEIBABD\$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5;

M$ NKCBX AEDEIBABD\$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?:

@$ Z_GHR_BABD\$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?5

C$ ABLKHEC XRZZCKBX$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ??

URBX\KGDBL HGX\X EDL NRDLX \G OB ZR\ \G OB\\B_ RXB $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?2

ZGX\ X\ENNKDI $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?>

CKX\ GN _BHGAABDLE\KGDX $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?9

EZZBDLKV E= GOMBH\K^B# XHGZB# EDL AB\FGLGCGI[EZZBDLKV O= ERLK\ HGAZCB\KGD EDL GKI HGD\EH\


7/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5

KD\_GLRH\KGD

\fb Gnnkhb gn Kdxzbh|gr Ibdbrec hgdlh|bl ed elk| gn Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab Gh|gobr> ! 8:# ?::;$ Yb zrb~kgxc{ zbrngrabl ed kdxzbh|kgd gn |fb zgx| kd 5;;; &KI!;;!5?!?#

Nkdec _bzgr| gd Kdxzbh|kgd gn Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab kxxbl Aerhf ?:::+$

\fb Zbehb Hgrzx hgaabdhbl k|x zrgirea kd Xrkdeab kd 5;;2$ Xkdhb |fbd#ezzrgvkae|bc{ 8>: ^gcd|bbrx fe~b xbr~bl |fbrb$ E| |fb |kab gn gr ~kxk|# 8; ^gcd|bbrxybrb bdieibl kd |yg zrgmbh| erbex= hgaadk|{ fbec|f blhe|kgd# edl akhrg!bd|brzrkxbedl |grkxa lb~bcgzabd|$ \fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr errk~bl e| |fb zgx| kd Meder{ ?::9# edl|fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr errk~bl kd akl!Aerhf ?::;$ Ob|ybbd Eix| ?::6 edl Aerhf?::;# |fb nkdedhkec exxkx|ed| xbr~bl ex eh|kdi elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr$

Gr g~brecc gombh|k~b kd elk|kdi g~brxbex zgx|x kx |g lb|brakdb yfb|fbr |fb nkdedhkec edlelakdkx|re|k~b gzbre|kgdx ybrb ndh|kgdkdi bnnbh|k~bc{ edl hgazckbl yk|f Zbehb Hgrzx

zgckhkbx edl nblbrec rbice|kgdx lrkdi |fb zbrkgl dlbr elk|$ Ezzbdlkv E zrg~klbx encc lbxhrkz|kgd gn gr elk| gombh|k~b# xhgzb# edl ab|fglgcgi{$

ERLK\ _BXRC\X

Yb ngdl |fe| Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeabx nkdedhkec edl elakdkx|re|k~b gzbre|kgdx dbblblkazrg~babd| edl lkl dg| ncc{ hgazc{ yk|f eibdh{ zgckhkbx edl nblbrec rbice|kgdx$

Ngr bveazcb# yb ngdl |fe| |fb zgx| lkl dg|=

Aekd|ekd ed elbue|b x{x|ba gn kd|brdec hgd|rgc lbxkidbl |g zrb~bd| edl lb|bh|yex|b# nrel# edl eoxb$

Bvbrhkxb ezzrgzrke|b aedeibrkec g~brxkif| g~br |fb kazrbx| ndl$ Ze{ k|x ^gcd|bbrx edl k|x zbrxgdec xbr~khbx hgd|reh|grx &ZXHx+ gd |kab obhexb gn

|fb ce|b errk~ec gn |fbkr hfbh`x$

Hgdlh| zrgzbr xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb xr~b{x$ Ecye{x rbhgrl ed gockie|kgd e| |fb |kab |fb hgd|reh| gr g|fbr hgaak|abd| yex

bx|eockxfbl$

\reh` zbrxgdec xeib gn gnnkhb zfgdbx# edl okcc edl hgccbh| nrga x|enn$ Bx|eockxf elbue|b kd|brdec hgd|rgcx g~br zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ edl aekd|ekd

ehhre|b zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx$

Zbrngra ybb`c{ rb~kbyx gn ~bfkhcb xeib cgix o{ ecc rbukrbl zbrxgdx$ @bbz ehhre|b gnnkhkec |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx edl bdxrb |fbkr zbrkglkh

xzbr~kxgr{ rb~kby$

Zrbzerb edl aekd|ekd hgazcb|b edl ehhre|b cbexb edl ZXH lghabd|e|kgd$


8/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ?

Kazcbabd| |fb eibdh{x zgckh{ gd ablkhec xzzckbx edl `bbz ehhre|b kd~bd|gr{rbhgrlx$

Xkdhb fbr errk~ec kd Aerhf ?::;# |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr fex kdk|ke|bl eh|kgdx |g ellrbxxaed{ gn |fbxb erbex# kdhclkdi |fb fkrkdi kd Xbz|baobr ?::; gn e ibdbrec xbr~khbx

hggrlkde|gr yk|f rbxzgdxkokck|{ ngr# eagdi g|fbr |fkdix# zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ hgd|rgc$ \fbhgd|r{ lkrbh|gr edl |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr erb eyerb |fe| hgrrbh|k~b eh|kgdx erbrbukrbl kd |fb eog~b edl g|fbr erbex$

E$ EXXBXXABD\ GN KD\B_DEC HGD\_GC

5$ Kd|brdec hgd|rgc e| |fb zgx| yex lbnkhkbd|$

X|edlerlx ngr Kd|brdec Hgd|rgc kd |fb Nblbrec Ig~brdabd| kxxbl o{ |fb Ig~brdabd|Ehhgd|eokck|{ Gnnkhb &fbrben|br# IEG X|edlerlx+ x|kzce|bx nk~b x|edlerlx yfkhf lbnkdb

|fb akdkaa cb~bc gn ueck|{ ehhbz|eocb ngr kd|brdec hgd|rgc kd ig~brdabd|$\fbxbx|edlerlx ezzc{ |g ecc exzbh|x gn ed eibdh{x gzbre|kgdx= zrgireaae|kh# nkdedhkec# edlhgazckedhb$

Zbehb Hgrzx Aedec &ZHA+ xbh|kgd 96


9/54


Elbue|b kd|brdec hgd|rgc# ehhgrlkdi |g |fb IEG X|edlerlx# xbr~bx ex |fb nkrx| ckdb gnlbnbdxb kd xenbierlkdi exxb|x edl zrb~bd|kdi edl lb|bh|kdi brrgrx edl nrel$ Fe~kdix|rgdi kd|brdec hgd|rgcx kd zcehb# kdhclkdi kazcbabd|kdi zrgeh|k~b xzbr~kxkgd edlg~brxkif|# ygcl x|rbdi|fbd zgx| gzbre|kgdx$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

E$5$5 \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr x|rbdi|fbd |fb zgx|xkd|brdec hgd|rgc bd~krgdabd|# eh|k~k|kbx# edlagdk|grkdi kd e aeddbr |fe| ykcc xenbierl exxb|xedl zrb~bd| edl lb|bh| yex|b# nrel# edl eoxb$

E$5$? \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr lbxhrkob |fb eh|kgdx |e`bd|g ehfkb~b |fb hgd|rgc x|edlerlx lbxhrkobl kd E$5 kde rbzgr| |g |fb rbikgdec lkrbh|gr edl |fb eibdh{x

hfkbn hgazckedhb gnnkhbr$

O$ KAZ_BX\ NRDL AEDEIBABD\

5$ Zgx| aedeibabd|x g~brxkif| gn |fb kazrbx| ndl yex kdelbue|b$

G~brxbex Nkdedhkec Aedeibabd| Fedlogg` &GNAF+ xbh|kgd 58$?$5 x|e|bx= \fb Hgd|r{Lkrbh|gr# ex |fb Zgx| Aedeibr# fex rbxzgdxkokck|{ ngr kazrbx| aedeibabd| obhexb gn |fbxb gn hexf edl |fb hgdxbubd| zg|bd|kec ngr kd|brdec hgd|rgc zrgocbax$

\fb zgckh{ bdabre|bx xzbhknkh rbxzgdxkokck|kbx gn |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr# yfkhf kdhclbbdxrkdi |fe| ed deddgdhbl# agd|fc{ ~brknkhe|kgd gn |fb kazrbx| ndl kx hgdlh|bl$ K| xfgcl ob hgdlh|bl uer|brc{ o{ |fb Hgd|r{ Lkrbh|gr# edl kd |fb rbaekdkdiagd|fx k| ae{ ob lbcbie|bl |g |fb Elakdkx|re|k~b Gnnkhbr$

GNAF xbh|kgd 58$?2 &ckdb o{ ckdb+ edlhgazcb|kgd gn |fb Hfbh`ckx| ngr ^brkn{kdi Gnnkhbrx$

Aedeibrkec g~brxkif| gn |fb kazrbx| ndl lrkdi |fb zbrkgl dlbr elk| yex kdelbue|b#ex ngccgyx=

59 gn ?8 agd|fc{ edl uer|brc{ kazrbx| ndl ~brknkhe|kgdx kd nkxhec {berx &N[+ ?::6edl ?::; ybrb zbrngrabl e| gr yk|fkd |frbb le{x gn |fb bdl gn |fb agd|f re|fbr |fede| lknnbrbd| |kabx behf agd|f$


10/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab :$2$? x|e|bx= /\fb hexfkbr ax| zbrxgdecc{ xb| |fbhgaokde|kgd |g |fb xenb$ \fb Baoexx{ _bikgdec Xbhrk|{ Gnnkhbr &_XG+ gr |bhfdkhkedexxkx|kdi yk|f |fb hfedikdi gn |fb hgaokde|kgd kx dg| e|fgrk}bl |g xb| gr `dgy |fbhgaokde|kgd |g |fb xenb$

\fb zgckh{ rbncbh|x |fb hexfkbrx rbxzgdxkokck|{ ngr xenbierlkdi |fb kazrbx| ndl edl fbr

zbrxgdec ehhgd|eokck|{ ngr k|x hgd|bd|x$

\fb _bikgdec Xbhrk|{ Gnnkhbr &_XG+# re|fbr |fed |fb hexfkbr# hfedibl |fb hgaokde|kgd |g|fb kazrbx| ndl xenb$ K| yex cex| lgdb kd Eix| ?::;$ \fb hexfkbr |gcl x |fe| xfb yexdg| |rekdbl fgy |g lg k|$

Kd e abb|kdi yk|f |fb _XG edl |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr# |fb _XG x|e|bl |fe| |fbhexfkbrx xenb yex gcl edl k|x hgaokde|kgd yex lknnkhc| |g hfedib$ En|br bveakdkdi |fb


11/54


dbybr xenb gn |fb ec|brde|b hexfkbr# yfg lkl dg| aekd|ekd e xbzere|b ndl# |fb _XGrbhgaabdlbl |fe| |fb zgx| xyk|hf |fb xenbx gn |fb hexfkbr edl |fb ec|brde|b hexfkbr$

Xoxbubd| |g |fb elk|# |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr hgdnkrabl |g x |fe| |fb xenbx ybrbxyk|hfbl edl |fe| |fb _XG |rekdbl |fb hexfkbr |g hfedib |fb xenbx hgaokde|kgd$

O$?$5 \fe| |fb hexfkbr hfedib |fb kazrbx| ndl xenbhgaokde|kgd eddecc{# yfbd |fbrb kx e hfedib kdhexfkbrx# gr yfbdb~br |fb hgaokde|kgd obhgabx`dgyd |g e zbrxgd g|fbr |fed |fb hexfkbr$

8$ \fb x|enn lkl dg| ecye{x hcber |fbkr kd|brka hexf el~edhbx yk|fkd |frbb ygr`kdi le{x$

GNAF xbh|kgd 58$56$? rbukrbx |fe| kd|brka hexf el~edhbx ob ckukle|bl &ehhgd|bl ngr+

yk|fkd |frbb &8+ ygr`kdi le{x$ \fb zgckh{ nr|fbr x|e|bx= K| kx |fb rbxzgdxkokck|{ gn |fbhexfkbr |g agdk|gr |fb hcberedhb gn kd|brka el~edhbx edl |g dg|kn{ |fb Elakdkx|re|k~bGnnkhbr kn el~edhbx erb dg| hcberbl yk|fkd 8 le{x ngr lkrbh| ngccgy!z eh|kgd$

X|enn lkl dg| hgdxkx|bd|c{ hcber |fbkr kd|brka hexf el~edhbx yk|fkd |frbb ygr`kdi le{x$Agrbg~br# |fb zgx|x Agd|fc{ Hfbh`ckx| ngr ^brkn{kdi Gnnkhbr# yfkhf ehhgazedkbx |fbhexf rbhgdhkcke|kgd x|e|babd|# kdhgrrbh|c{ x|e|bl |fe| ngr Xrkdeab k| kx lgdb yk|fkd nk~bygr`kdi le{x$ \fb hexfkbr hgrrbh|bl |fkx lrkdi |fb hgrxb gn |fb elk|$

Hcberkdi kd|brka hexf el~edhbx yk|fkd |frbb ygr`kdi le{x x|rbdi|fbdx hgd|rgc g~br |fbkazrbx| ndl edl zbrak|x e |kabc{ ehhgd|kdi ngr |fb el~edhbx$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

O$8$5 \fe| zgx| x|enn hcber |fbkr kd|brka hexf el~edhbxyk|fkd |frbb ygr`kdi le{x$

O$8$? \fe| |fb hexfkbr agdk|gr |fb x|e|x gn kd|brkael~edhbx edl dg|kn{ |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr knel~edhbx erb dg| obkdi hcberbl yk|fkd |frbb le{x$

O$8$8 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr agdk|gr |fb x|e|x gng|x|edlkdi kd|brka el~edhbx kd grlbr |g bdxrb |fe||fb{ erb hcberbl yk|fkd |fb rbukrbl |kab zbrkgl$


12/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab >

H$ ^GCRD\BB_ ECCGYEDHBX

5$ ^gcd|bbrx lkl dg| ecye{x rbhbk~b |fbkr ck~kdi edl xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhbx gd |kab$

GNAF xbh|kgd ?$? x|e|bx |fe|# ngr xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhbx= Ze{abd|x# kd cghec hrrbdh{#

erb dgraecc{ aelb e| |fb bdl gn ZX\$ \kabckdbxx kx ecxg kazgr|ed| ngr ck~kdieccgyedhb ze{abd|x |g ^gcd|bbrx xg |fe|# ehhgrlkdi |g ZHA xbh|kgd ??5$2$5# |fb{ ae{xbr~b bnnbh|k~bc{ edl xenbc{ g~brxbex$ Kd |fb hexb gn Xrkdeab# |kabckdbxx kx hrk|khec exagx| ^gcd|bbrx |re~bc |g |fb hezk|ec# yfbrb |fb oed`x erb cghe|bl# |g rb|rkb~b |fbkreccgyedhbx edl |fb ndlx xfgcl ob kd |fbkr ehhgd|x yfbd |fb{ errk~b$

^gcd|bbrx lkl dg| rbhbk~b |fbkr ck~kdi edl xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhbx kd e |kabc{ aeddbr lb|g |fb ce|b errk~ec gn |fb rbce|bl hfbh`x# ex ngccgyx=

Dby ^gcd|bbrx lkl dg| rbhbk~b |fbkr xb||ckdi!kd edl kdk|kec ck~kdi eccgyedhbx yfbd|fb{ xygrb kd# xg |fb{ hgcl xfgz ngr nrdk|rb edl xzzckbx edl zrghbbl bvzblk|kgxc{

|g |fbkr xk|bx$ \fb zgx| rbubx|bl |fb xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb ndlx gd Mc{ ?# ?::; edl|fb ck~kdi eccgyedhb ndlx gd Mc{ 5


13/54


Yb rbhgaabdl=

H$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| rbubx| ck~kdi edl xb||ckdi!kdeccgyedhb hfbh`x yk|f xnnkhkbd| cbel |kab |g zbrak||fb eccgyedhbx |kabc{ ze{abd| |g ^gcd|bbrx$

H$5$? \fe| |fb zgx|# kd hgdxc|e|kgd yk|f |fb rbikgd#zbrngra e rb~kby |g klbd|kn{ og||cbdbh`x |grbhbk~kdi eccgyedhb hfbh`x gd |kab edl |e`b eh|kgd|g rbxgc~b |fbxb$

H$5$8 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr# kd hgdmdh|kgd yk|ffbeluer|brx edl |fb nkdedhkec xbr~khb hbd|br#lb|brakdb kn eccgyedhb ze{abd|x ae{ ob aelb o{BN\ edl# kn xg# kazcbabd| |fkx ze{abd| ~bfkhcb$

?$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| edec{}b |fb xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb xr~b{ rbxc|x dgr zbrngra ed

kdlbzbdlbd| zrkhb xr~b{$

E| |fb hgdhcxkgd gn zrb!xbr~khb |rekdkdi# dbyc{ xygrd!kd ^gcd|bbrx erb ik~bd e xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb |g zrg~klb ngr |fbkr dbblx yfbd errk~kdi e| |fbkr xk|bx$ ZHA xbh|kgd ??5$8$5x|e|bx |fe| |fb eccgyedhb kx ngr |fb zrhfexb gn dbhbxxer{ fgxkdi xzzckbx edlbukzabd|$

\g ~brkn{ |fe| |fb eccgyedhb kx elbue|b# ZHA xbh|kgd ??5$


14/54


H$?$? \fe| |fb zgx| hgdlh| kdlbzbdlbd| zrkhb xr~b{x kdhgdmdh|kgd yk|f xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb xr~b{x |ghgrrgogre|b |fb rbxc|x gn |fb xb||ckdi!kd xr~b{x$

8$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| fe~b e abagredla gn eirbbabd| yk|f |fb oed` fedlckdi^gcd|bbr eccgyedhbx$

ZHA xbh|kgd ??5$>$5 rbukrbx |fe| |fb zgx| bvbh|b e abagredla gn eirbbabd| &AGE+yk|f |fb oed` fedlckdi ^gcd|bbr ck~kdi eccgyedhbx# kd |fb ngra xzbhknkbl o{ E||ehfabd|L |g |fb zgckh{$

\fb zgx| lkl dg| fe~b ed AGE nrga k|x oed` fedlckdi ^gcd|bbr eccgyedhbx$ \fbelakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| xfb kd|bdlbl |g rbubx| |fb AGE nrga |fb oed`$

\fb AGE hcerknkbx |fb rbukrbabd|x edl rbxzgdxkokck|kbx gn |fb oed` kd k|x rbce|kgdxfkz

yk|f |fb Zbehb Hgrzx edl fbczx |fb zgx| ae`bx hbr|ekd |fe| k| kx go|ekdkdi ecc |fb xbr~khbxeirbbl zgd$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

H$8$5 \fe| |fb zgx| bvbh|b e abagredla gn eirbbabd|yk|f |fb oed` fedlckdi ^gcd|bbr ck~kdi eccgyedhbx$

L$ OKCCKDIX EDL HGCCBH\KGDX

5$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| |reh` edl okcc ngr zbrxgdec zfgdb heccx$

ZHA xbh|kgd 999$6$: x|e|bx= Lbo|x erb kdhrrbl |frgif |fb dgd!gnnkhkec xb gnIg~brdabd|!gydbl |redxzgr|e|kgd# hgaadkhe|kgd nehkck|kbx gr ck~kdi ehhgaagle|kgdx#cgxx gn ndlx# cgxx gr leaeib |g ig~brdabd|!gydbl bukzabd|# zrgzbr|{# b|h$ ZHAxbh|kgd 999$5>$< x|e|bx= Ed bazcg{bb kdlbo|bldbxx xfgcl ob xb||cbl zrgaz|c{$ \fkxrbukrbx |fe| |fb zgx| aekd|ekd e x{x|ba |fe| |reh`x edl okccx |fb x|enn ngr lbo|x# kdhclkdizbrxgdec heccx aelb gd zgx| zfgdbx$

Kd ellk|kgd# GNAF xbh|kgd 9$5$5 x|e|bx |fe| eibdh{ zgckh{ e|fgrk}bx HLx |g bx|eockxf

yrk||bd# zgx|!xzbhknkh zgckh{# ezzckheocb |g ecc x|enn &kdhclkdi NZ# NXD# edl ZXHx+ yfkhfxb|x e |frbxfgcl ngr okcckdi oexbl gd e hgdxklbre|kgd gn |fb hgx|x kdhrrbl kd |fb okcckdi edlhgccbh|kgd zrghbxx ! k$b$# kx k| hgx| bnnbh|k~b |g okcc ngr ed eagd| gn cbxx |fed v/$

\fb zgx| lkl dg| |reh` edl okcc ngr zbrxgdec xeib gn gnnkhb zfgdbx$ \fb elakdkx|re|k~bgnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| |fb zgx|x |bcbhgaadkhe|kgdx x{x|ba lkl dg| zbrak| zfgdb daobr|reh`kdi edl |fe| |fb zfgdb hgazed{ lkl dg| zrg~klb zfgdb daobr lb|ekc |g klbd|kn{


15/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ;

zbrxgdec heccx$ Lrkdi |fb hgrxb gn |fb elk|# |fb zgx| kdx|eccbl e dby zfgdb x{x|bayfkhf kx |g zbrak| |fb k|bak}e|kgd edl |reh`kdi gn zfgdb heccx o{ bv|bdxkgd$

Kd ellk|kgd# |fb zgx| fex dg| lb|brakdbl ed eagd| dlbr yfkhf k| ygcl dg| ob hgx|!bnnbh|k~b |g okcc ngr zfgdb hferibx$

\kabc{ okcckdi gn x|enn zbrxgdec zfgdb hferibx# ecgdi yk|f bnnbh|k~b g~brxkif|# kx bxxbd|kec|g |fb aedeibabd| gn zgx| exxb|x$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

L$5$5 \fe| |fb okcckdi gnnkhbr okcc x|enn ngr zbrxgdec zfgdbhferibx$

L$5$? \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr lb|brakdb ed eagd|

dlbr yfkhf k| ygcl dg| ob hgx|!bnnbh|k~b |g okccx|enn ngr zbrxgdec zfgdb xeib$

?$ \fb okcckdi gnnkhbr lkl dg| rb|ekd e hgz{ gn |fb okcc gn hgccbh|kgd dgr rbhbk~b e hgz{ gn

|fb ibdbrec rbhbkz|$

GNAF xbh|kgd 9$?$5 x|e|bx |fe| e hgz{ gn |fb OGH kx |g ob zcehbl kd |fb okcckdi gnnkhb nkcb$K| nr|fbr x|e|bx |fe| |fb ibdbrec rbhbkz| kx ecxg |g ob zcehbl kd |fb nkcb$

\fb okcckdi gnnkhbr lkl dg| `bbz e hgz{ gn |fb okcc gn hgccbh|kgd &OGH+ kd fbr nkcbx$Agrbg~br# xfb lkl dg| rbhbk~b nrga |fb hgccbh|kgdx gnnkhbr e hgz{ gn |fb ibdbrec rbhbkz|$\fbxb erb rbukrbl kd grlbr |g agdk|gr |fb x|e|x gn okcckdix edl nehkck|e|b ngccgy!z exdbblbl$ Xfb |gcl x |fe| xfb agdk|grbl |fb hgccbh|kgdx x|e|x xkdi |fb g|x|edlkdihgccbh|kgdx rbzgr|$

Aekd|ekdkdi okcckdi edl hgccbh|kgd lghabd|x kd |fb okcckdi gnnkhb nkcbx nehkck|e|bx rb~kbyedl ngccgy!z ex dbblbl |g hgccbh| |fb zgx|x lbo|x$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

L$?$5 \fe| |fb okcckdix gnnkhbr aekd|ekd hgzkbx gn okccx gnhgccbh|kgd edl ibdbrec rbhbkz|x kd fbr nkcbx$


16/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5:

8$ \fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lkl dg| rb~kby |fb okccx gn hgccbh|kgd cgi# yfgxb

lbxhrkz|kgdx ybrb dg| ecye{x kd xnnkhkbd| lb|ekc$

GNAF xbh|kgd 9$?$5 zrg~klbx e ckx|kdi gn |fb okcckdi zrghblrbx kdhclkdi |fb ehhre|bzrbzere|kgd gn |fb okcc gn hgccbh|kgd edl rbce|bl lghabd|x$ Ed dlbrc{kdi rbukrbabd| kx

|fe| |fb lbxhrkz|kgd gn |fb okcckdi ob xnnkhkbd|c{ hcber |g ob dlbrx|ggl o{ |fb lbo|gr edlo{ g|fbrx yfg xb |fb cgi edl ngccgy z lbnkhkbd| hgccbh|kgdx# edl |fe| |fb OGH cgi obzbrkglkhecc{ o{ aedeibabd|$

\fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lkl dg| rb~kby |fb OGH cgi gd e zbrkglkh oexkx |g bdxrb |fe|okcckdix edl hgccbh|kgdx ybrb obkdi aelb |kabc{ edl zgx|bl ehhre|bc{$

Kd ellk|kgd# |fb OGH cgix lbxhrkz|kgdx ybrb dg| ecye{x kd xnnkhkbd| lb|ekc |g zbrak| edkdngrabl rb~kby$ Ngr bveazcb# okcckdix |g R$X$ lkrbh| fkrb zbrxgddbc ngr zbrxgdec zfgdbxeib e| |fbkr rbxklbdhbx lkl dg| kdlkhe|b |fb agd|f gn |fb zfgdb okcc$

Hcber edl zrbhkxb lbxhrkz|kgdx gd OGHx# edl aedeibrkec rb~kby gn |fb OGH cgi# fbczexxrb |fe| okcckdix ehhre|bc{ rbncbh| |fb hgrrbh| k|bax edl eagd|x edl |fe| hgccbh|kgdxerb aelb kd e |kabc{ aeddbr

Yb rbhgaabdl=

L$8$5 \fe| |fb okcckdix gnnkhbr hcberc{ x|e|b |fb de|rb gn|fb okcckdix gd |fb okccx gn hgccbh|kgdx$

L$8$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr rb~kby |fb OGH cgigd e rbicer# zbrkglkh oexkx edl ngccgy!z dxecgr d|kabc{ okcckdix gr |fgxb g|x|edlkdi ngr edbv|bdlbl zbrkgl gn |kab$

B$ GOCKIE\KGDX EDL CKURKLE\KGDX

5$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| ecye{x rbhgrl gockie|kgdx kd e |kabc{ aeddbr$

GNAF xbh|kgd 8?$8 x|e|bx= Ed gockie|kgd kx e nkra rbxbr~e|kgd gn ndlx |fe| hrbe|bx ecbiec ckeokck|{ gd |fb Ig~brdabd| ngr |fb ze{abd| gn ndlx ngr igglx gr xbr~khbxgrlbrbl$ \fb gockie|kgd kx aelb xkdi ndlx e~ekceocb e| |fb |kab |fb grlbr kx zcehbl grhgd|reh| bvbh|bl# b~bd |fgif ze{abd| ae{ |e`b zcehb kd e n|rb nkxhec {ber$Lghabd|x xbl ngr gockie|kgd kdhclb hgd|reh|x# cbexbx# zrhfexb grlbrx# edl |re~bce|fgrk}e|kgdx$

Gd Ae{ 5?# ?::;# |fb Lkrbh|gr gn |fb Gnnkhb gn Ehukxk|kgdx edl Hgd|reh| Aedeibabd|&GEHA+ xbd| ed baekc |g hgd|r{ lkrbh|grx edl elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbrx# yk|f hgzkbx |grbikgdec aedeibabd| edl |fb eh|kdi ibdbrec hgdxbc# x|e|kdi |fe| |fb Gnnkhb gn Icgoec


17/54


Ehhgd|x Ze{eocb &GIEZ+ fel klbd|knkbl de|fgrk}bl hgaak|abd|x$ \fb baekc x|e|bl=\fb de|fgrk}bl hgaak|abd|x ybrb klbd|knkbl yfbd kd~gkhbx ybrb rbhbk~bl o| dghgd|reh| gr g|fbr ~eckl gockie|kdi lghabd| fel obbd bx|eockxfbl$ Yfbd |fkx ghhrx# |fbhgaak|abd| kx hgdxklbrbl de|fgrk}bl edl |fb kd~gkhb kx dg| zekl$/

Kd rbxzgdxb |g |fb baekc# |fb nkdedhkec exxkx|ed| zbrngrabl e rb~kby gn zgx| okcckdix edlzrbzerbl e xzrbelxfbb| xfgykdi |fb okccx yb heddg| Pze{Q e| |fb agabd|# lb |g |fb dbyrcbx'kdx|rh|kgdx nrga FU$ Dkdb|bbd gockie|kgdx ybrb ckx|bl# agx| yk|f |fb bvzcede|kgddg agdb{ kd |fb bvkx|kdi gockie|kgd gr gockie|kgd hrbe|bl en|br |fb neh| gr dgkdlk~klec gockie|kgd hrbe|bl {b|$

Gd Ae{ 58# ?::;# |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr# yfg e| |fb |kab fel obbd e| |fb zgx| eog||yg agd|fx# xbd| ed baekc |g |fb rbikgdec nkdedhkec aedeibabd| gnnkhbr edl |fb eh|kdihfkbn elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr x|e|kdi= /K| rbhbd|c{ heab |g a{ e||bd|kgd |fe| Zgx| fex dg|obbd gockie|kdi ndlx e| |fb |kab e hgd|reh| kx xkidbl$$$$K| yex zrghblrb e| Zgx| |g xkid|fb hgd|reh| edl |fbd gockie|b rkif| obngrb ze{abd|$$$$ G~br |fb dbv| agd|f# |fb

elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr ygr`bl yk|f GIEZ edl GEHA |g rbxgc~b gockie|kgdx ex dbblbledl |g fe~b |fba zrghbxxbl edl zekl$

\fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| xfb kd|bdlx |g rb~kby |fb x|e|x gn gockie|kgdx gd erbicer oexkx edl ~brkn{ |fe| k|bax erb gockie|bl hgrrbh|c{ edl e| |fb ezzrgzrke|b |kab$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

B$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| rbhgrl gockie|kgdx e| |fb |kab |fbhgaak|abd| kx aelb gr lbo| kx lb|brakdbl$

B$5$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr rb~kby |fb x|e|x gngockie|kgdx gd e rbicer oexkx edl ~brkn{ |fe|gockie|kgdx fe~b obbd hgrrbh|c{ edl |kabc{rbhgrlbl$

N$ Z_GZB_\[ AEDEIBABD\

5$ \fb zgx|x zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb yex kdelbue|bc{ aekd|ekdbl edl hgd|rgccbl$

ZHA xbh|kgd 255$2$2 rbukrbx |fe| |fb zgx| bdxrb |fe| ecc hfedibx P|g k|x zrgzbr|{kd~bd|gr{Q fe~b obbd bd|brbl kd |fb zrgzbr|{ aedeibabd| le|eoexb$

\fb zgckh{ ecxg x|e|bx= Obngrb obikddkdi kd~bd|gr{# |fb Zrgzbr|{ Gnnkhbr xfgcl hfbh`|fb zrgzbr|{ aedeibabd| rbhgrlx eiekdx| yrk||bd lghabd|e|kgd gn zrgzbr|{'bukzabd|hfedibx |g bdxrb |fe| ecc hfedibx fe~b obbd bd|brbl kd |fb zrgzbr|{ aedeibabd|le|eoexb$


18/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5?

Nr|fbr# ZHA xbh|kgd 255$>$5 rbukrbx |fe| |fb Elakdkx|re|k~b Gnnkhbr rbhgdhkcb |fbkd~bd|gr{ eiekdx| rbhbk~kdi rbzgr|x edl rbukxk|kgd ngrax e| cbex| gdhb e uer|br$Ellk|kgdecc{# |fb IEG X|edlerlx x|e|b= @b{ l|kbx gr rbxzgdxkokck|kbx dbbl |g ob lk~klblgr xbirbie|bl eagdi lknnbrbd| zbgzcb$Dg gdb kdlk~klec xfgcl hgd|rgc ecc `b{ exzbh|xgn e |redxeh|kgd gr b~bd|$

\fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb yex kdelbue|bc{ aekd|ekdbl edl hgd|rgccbl# ex ngccgyx=

\fb xeab zbrxgd aekd|ekdbl |fb le|eoexb edl zbrngrabl |fb zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{$ \fb le|eoexb yex dg| zle|bl ngr hfedibx xkdhb |fb cex| zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ kd

Dg~baobr ?::6# kdhclkdi |fb rbnrbxf gn hgaz|br bukzabd| kd Meder{ ?::;$

\fbrb yex dg b~klbdhb |fe| |fb ngrabr zrgzbr|{ hgd|rgc gnnkhbr rbhgdhkcbl |fble|eoexb |g bdxrb |fe| hfedibx ybrb rbhgrlbl obngrb |fb Dg~baobr ?::6 zf{xkheckd~bd|gr{ yex hgdlh|bl$

\fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lkl dg| rbhgdhkcb |fb kd~bd|gr{ eiekdx| rbhbk~kdi rbzgr|xedl rbukxk|kgd ngrax e| cbex| gdhb e uer|br$

\fb zgx| aekd|ekdbl kdelbue|b lghabd|e|kgd rbce|kdi |g k|x zrgzbr|{ lkxzgxecx o{eh|kgd |g zbrak| |fb zle|kdi gn |fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb$

\fb ceh` gn hgd|kdk|{ kd kd~bd|gr{ rbxzgdxkokck|kbx e| |fb zgx| ck`bc{ hgd|rko|bl |g xgabgn |fb hgd|rgc kxxbx abd|kgdbl eog~b$ \frbb zbrxgdx fedlcbl |fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{hgd|rgc ndh|kgd kd ?::;= |fb elakdkx|re|k~b exxkx|ed| d|kc fbr lbzer|rb Mdb 5# ?::;# |fbag|gr zggc xzbhkeckx| ngr eog| ngr agd|fx# edl |fb rbhbd|c{!fkrbl ibdbrec xbr~khbx

hggrlkde|gr obikddkdi Xbz|baobr ?9# ?::;$

Elbue|b edl zrgzbrc{ bvbh|bl kd~bd|gr{ hgd|rgcx edl elfbrbdhb |g zgckh{ rbukrbabd|xerb bxxbd|kec ngr bnnbh|k~b ehhgd|eokck|{ edl g~brxkif| g~br zgx| zrgzbr|{$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

N$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| aekd|ekd ed ehhre|b zrgzbr|{kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb kdhclkdi zle|kdi |fb le|eoexbgd e rbicer oexkx ngr hfedibx$

N$5$? \fe| |fb zrgzbr|{ hgd|rgc gnnkhbr rbhgdhkcb |fble|eoexb yk|f hfedibx |g bdxrb |fb{ erb rbhgrlblobngrb |fb zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ kx hgdlh|bl$

N$5$8 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr rbhgdhkcb |fbkd~bd|gr{ eiekdx| rbhbk~kdi rbzgr|x edl rbukxk|kgdngrax e| cbex| uer|brc{$


19/54


N$5$< \fe| lknnbrbd| x|enn abaobrx aekd|ekd |fb zrgzbr|{kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb edl zbrngra |fb zf{xkheckd~bd|gr{$

N$5$2 \fe| |fb zgx| zrg~klb xnnkhkbd|c{ lb|ekcblkdngrae|kgd rbce|kdi |g zrgzbr|{ lkxzgxec |g zbrak||fb zle|kdi gn |fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb$

?$ \fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb hgd|ekdbl dabrgx lkxhrbzedhkbx$

ZHA xbh|kgd 255$2$2 rbukrbx |fe| |fb zgx| aekd|ekd ehhre|b zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlxedl bdxrb |fe| ecc hfedibx P|g k|x zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{Q fe~b obbd bd|brbl kd |fb zrgzbr|{aedeibabd| le|eoexb$

\fb zgx|x zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb yex xzzgxbl |g kdhclb ecc kd~bd|gr{ ngr |fbgnnkhb &kdhclkdi |bhfdgcgi{+# |fb yerbfgxb# edl |fb rbxklbdhbx$ Gr |bx|kdi gn |fbkd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx lkxhcgxbl lkxhrbzedhkbx |frgifg| |fb gnnkhb$ \fb{ kdhclbl kdhgrrbh|xbrkec daobrx# kdhgrrbh| |ei daobrx# ac|kzcb |eix# dg |ei# lzckhe|b ckx|kdix# edl k|baxakxxkdi nrga |fb le|eoexb$ Lbnkhkbdhkbx kd |fb zgx|x hgd|rgcx edl rbhgrl`bbzkdi#lbxhrkobl kd N$5# lkl dg| zbrak| ed ehhgd|kdi ngr |fb zgx|x cez|gz hgaz|brx$ Kd gdbxk|e|kgd# |fb zgx|x rbhgrlx xfgybl e x|enn abaobr |g ob kd |fb hrrbd| zgxxbxxkgd gn ecez|gz0 |fb zbrxgd &e cgdi!x|edlkdi edl |rx|bl abaobr gn |fb x|enn+ x|e|bl |fe| xfb feldb~br fel dgr xbl e zgx| cez|gz$

\fb K\ Xzbhkeckx| &K\X+ aekd|ekdbl fkx gyd ckx|kdi gn K\ k|bax$ Yb ngdl |fe| ngr exox|ed|kec daobr gn k|bax# |fb zgx|)x kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb lkl dg| eirbb yk|f |fb K\X)ckx|kdi$ \fb zrkdhkzec rbexgd yex |fe| |fb zgx|x le|eoexb yex dg| zle|bl ngr |fbhgaz|br rbnrbxf kd Meder{ ?::; yfkcb |fb K\X zle|bl fkx ckx|kdi ngr |fb rbnrbxf$

Fgyb~br# |fb K\X) ckx|kdi yex dg| brrgr!nrbb$ Ngr bveazcb# |fb xheddbr cghe|bl kd |fbZHAGx gnnkhb yex rbhgrlbl dbk|fbr kd |fb zgx|x le|eoexb dgr gd |fb K\X ckx|kdi$Agrbg~br# yfkcb |fb K\X ckx|kdi yex |fb agx| ehhre|b# k| lkl dg| kdlkhe|b cghe|kgd#ae`kdi k| dbv| |g kazgxxkocb |g xb ex e |ggc |g ehhgd| ngr kdlk~klec zkbhbx gn hgaz|brbukzabd|# xhf ex hgaz|brx# agdk|grx# edl zrkd|brx# kd ac|kzcb cghe|kgdx$

\fkx xk|e|kgd aelb |fb zgx| zer|khcerc{ ~cdbreocb |g yex|b# nrel# edl eoxb yk|frbxzbh| |g k|x zrgzbr|{$ Yk|fg| ezzrgzrke|b hgd|rgcx kd zcehb# edl yk|fg| ehhre|b edl

rbckeocb kd~bd|gr{ le|e# zrgzbr|{ hgcl ybcc ig akxxkdi# kdel~br|bd|c{ gr el~br|ed|c{# edl|fb hgdlk|kgd dg| klbd|knkbl# yk|f e rbxc|kdi nkdedhkec cgxx |g |fb eibdh{$


20/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5$?$? rbukrbx |fe| hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ob kxxbl yfbd rbcbexkdi dgd!bvzbdleocb zrgzbr|{ |g ^gcd|bbrx# x|enn gr hgd|reh|grx |g xb eye{ nrga |fb Zbehb Hgrzxgnnkhb$

\fb zgx| lkl dg| kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ngr nrdk|rb edl bukzabd| aekd|ekdbl kd |fbrbxklbdhbx gn |fb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrb x|enn$ \fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| xfbkd|bdlbl |g kxxb |fbxb edl zcehb |fba kd |fb elakdkx|re|k~b nkcbx$

Kd ellk|kgd# |fb zgx| lkl dg| hgdxkx|bd|c{ kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x |g ^gcd|bbrx ngr zrgzbr|{zrg~klbl |g |fba ngr |fbkr xb$ ^gcd|bbrx yfg xygrb kd lrkdi ?::9 edl ?::6 rbhbk~blagrb zrgzbr|{ |fed yex ckx|bl gd |fb hx|gl{ rbhbkz| ngrax$ ^gcd|bbrx yfg xygrb kdlrkdi Mc{ ?::;# ehhgrlkdi |g |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr# rbhbk~bl zrgzbr|{ nrgalknnbrbd| xgrhbx &xenb|{ edl xbhrk|{# |fb ablkhec dk|# b|h$+# edl |fb k|bax ybrb ckx|bl gdac|kzcb ngrax# hgazckhe|kdi hgd|rgc$ \fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| xfb kd|bdlx|g kazcbabd| e xkdicb hx|gl{ rbhbkz| ngra |fe| ykcc kdhclb ecc k|bax kxxbl |g |fb^gcd|bbrx$

Hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x erb kazgr|ed| |g lghabd| |fb zgxxbxxkgd gn eibdh{ zrgzbr|{ edl |fbehhgd|eokck|{ ngr aekd|ekdkdi edl rb|rdkdi k|$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

N$8$5 \fe| |fb zgx| kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ngr zrgzbr|{fbcl kd |fb rbxklbdhbx gn |fb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrb x|enn


21/54


edl zcehb |fb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x kd |fb elakdkx|re|k~bnkcbx$

N$8$? \fe| |fb zgx| kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ngr zrgzbr|{zrg~klbl |g ^gcd|bbrx ngr xb lrkdi |fbkr Zbehb

Hgrzx xbr~khb edl bx|eockxf ed bnnbh|k~b hgd|rgcx{x|ba |g |reh` |fb zrgzbr|{$

I$ ^BFKHCBX AEDEIBABD\

5$ Ecc rbukrbl zbrxgddbc lkl dg| rb~kby# kdk|kec# edl le|b |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix

ybb`c{0 nr|fbr# xgab cgix hgd|ekdbl lkxhrbzedhkbx$

ZHA xbh|kgd 2?9$2$< rbukrbx |fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr# |fb x|enn abaobrrbxzgdxkocb ngr kdk|ke|kdi ~bfkhcb rbzekrx gr aekd|ekdkdi |fb ~bfkhcb rbhgrlx# edl |fb x|enn

abaobr rbxzgdxkocb ngr okcckdi e|fgrk}bl dgd!gnnkhkec ~bfkhcb xb rb~kby# kdk|kec# edlle|b |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix ybb`c{$

Yb ngdl |fe| yfkcb |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr yex rb~kbykdi |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix gd eybb`c{ oexkx# |fb ag|gr zggc xzbhkeckx| edl |fb okcckdi gnnkhbr ybrb dg|$ Yb ecxg ngdl|fe| xb~brec cgix fel dg| obbd kdk|kecbl edl le|bl xkidkn{kdi rb~kby$

Kd ellk|kgd# yb dg|bl lkxhrbzedhkbx kd |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix# xhf ex= dehhgd|bl!ngr`kcgab|brx gr dg bdlkdi `kcgab|brx# grkikd gr lbx|kde|kgd kdngrae|kgd akxxkdi# edlzgx|kdix aelb kd kdhgrrbh| hgcadx$ \fb lkxhrbzedhkbx akif| fe~b obbd heif| fel |fbezzrgzrke|b cgi rb~kbyx ghhrrbl$

Hgazcb|b edl rb~kbybl ~bfkhcb xeib cgix erb kazgr|ed| kd bdxrkdi |fe| |fb zgx|x~bfkhcbx erb obkdi xbl ezzrgzrke|bc{$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

I$5$5 \fe| |fb rbukrbl x|enn abaobrx rb~kby# kdk|kec# edlle|b |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix ybb`c{$

I$5$? \fe| x|enn rbhgrl ecc xeib gn zgx| ~bfkhcbx kd |fb~bfkhcb xeib cgix edl ncc{ hgazcb|b |fb rbukrblkdngrae|kgd$

?$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| zrg~klb |kabc{ yrk||bd e|fgrk}e|kgdx ngr fgab!|g!gnnkhb xb gn

~bfkhcbx$


22/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5>

ZHA xbh|kgd 2??$


23/54


F$ ZB_XGDDBC AEDEIBABD\

5$ ZXHx ybrb dg| ecye{x zekl gd |kab$

GNAF xbh|kgd 89$?$6 x|e|bx= Ze{abd|x gd cgdi!|bra hgd|reh|x &g~br xkv agd|fx+ ykcc ob

aelb ok!ybb`c{ ~ke F_AX PFaed _bxgrhbx Aedeibabd| X{x|baQ kd Gl{xxb{$

\fb zgx|x ZXHx ybrb dg| ecye{x zekl gd |kab$ Ed edec{xkx o{ |fb nkdedhkec exxkx|ed|xfgybl |fe| ZXHx rbhbk~bl |fbkr ok!ybb`c{ ze{ ce|b gd ngr ghhexkgdx kd ?::;$ \fbze{abd|x ybrb kdk|ke|bl kd fbeluer|brx# edl |fb zgx| lbzgxk|bl |fb hfbh`x zgd |fbkrrbhbkz|$

\fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr |gcl x |fe| xfb ygcl kd~bx|kie|b |fb rbexgd ngr |fb ce|bhfbh`x# ex ybcc ex zrxkdi yk|f fbeluer|brx edl |fb nkdedhkec xbr~khb hbd|br |fbzgxxkokck|{ gn ze{kdi k|x ZXHx o{ bcbh|rgdkh ndlx |redxnbr &BN\+$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

F$5$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lb|brakdb# kdhgdmdh|kgd yk|f fbeluer|brx# |fb rbexgd ngr |fbce|b rbhbkz| gn ZXH xecer{ hfbh`x edl |e`b |fbrbukrbl rbablkec eh|kgdx$

F$5$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lb|brakdb kn |fbze{abd| gn ZXHx o{ BN\ kx zgxxkocb edl# kn xg#kazcbabd| |fkx ze{abd| ~bfkhcb$

?$ \fb zgx|x |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx edl rbce|bl hgd|rgc zrghblrbx ybrb

lbnkhkbd|$

ZHA xbh|kgdx 9


24/54


\fb zgx|x hgazbdxe|gr{ |kab zgckh{ x|e|bl |fe| e aevkaa gn ?< fgrx ae{ obherrkbl g~br# yk|f ed bvhbz|kgd ngr zrb!xbr~khb |rekdkdi$ Fgyb~br# xgab x|enn feloecedhbx bvhbblkdi |fb ?

Xzbr~kxgrx lkl dg| rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx zbrkglkhecc{$ \kabxfbb|x ybrb dg| ecye{x xoak||bl |kabc{$ Ngr bveazcb# |fb |kabxfbb|x gn gdb

ZXH xbcbh|bl o{ x ngr rb~kby ybrb ce|b o{ agrb |fed xb~bd hecbdler le{x ngr bkif| gn|fb 5; ze{ zbrkglx |frgif Xbz|baobr ?;# ?::;$

Xgab |kabxfbb|x lkl dg| xfgy |fb bv|re fgrx ygr`bl |fe| rbxc|bl kd hgazbdxe|gr{|kab$

\fb rbukrbabd| ngr ehhre|b |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx ae`bx |fbkr hgdxhkbd|kgxzrbzere|kgd edl |kabc{ rb~kby bxxbd|kec$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

F$?$5 \fe| |fb |kab`bbzbr ~brkn{ |fe| |fb |kabxfbb|x erbxoak||bl |kabc{ edl zrbzerbl ehhre|bc{# edlngccgy z yk|f x|enn abaobrx ex dbblbl$

F$?$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr kdx|rh| x|enn gd |fbzrgzbr rbhgrlkdi gn cbe~b# fgckle{x# edlhgazbdxe|gr{ |kab gd |fb |kabxfbb|x# edl gdlghabd|e|kgd# xhf ex cbe~b edl hgazbdxe|gr{

|kab ngrax# yfkhf ax| ob e||ehfbl kd xzzgr| gn|fb |kabxfbb|x$

F$?$8 \fe| xzbr~kxgrx zbrngra herbnc edl hgdxhkbd|kgxrb~kbyx gn |fb |kabxfbb|x gn |fbkr x|enn edl ngccgyz kaablke|bc{ |g hgrrbh| lkxhrbzedhkbx$

F$?$< \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr rbakdl x|enn gn |fbzgx|x hgazbdxe|gr{ |kab zgckh{# kdhclkdi |fbaevkaa fgrx |fe| ae{ ob herrkbl g~br# edlagdk|gr |fb x|ennx hgazckedhb$

F$?$2 \fe| |fb |kab`bbzbr rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edle||bdledhb rbhgrlx ngr |fb cex| |yg {berx edl ~brkn{|fe| |fb{ rbncbh| |fb eh|ec fgrx ygr`bl edl eh|eccbe~b |e`bd ex kdlkhe|bl gd |fb |kabxfbb|x$


25/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 5;

F$?$> \fe| xzbr~kxgrx rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edle||bdledhb rbhgrlx kd e rbicer# zbrkglkh aeddbr#edl xkid edl le|b |fb rbhgrlx xkidkn{kdi rb~kby$

K$ \_E^BC AEDEIBABD\

5$ X|enn lkl dg| ecye{x xoak| |fbkr kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbrx yk|fkd nk~b le{x en|br

|fb |rkzx hgazcb|kgd$

ZHA xbh|kgd 65?$56$5: x|e|bx |fe| |re~bc ~ghfbrx ax| ob hgazcb|bl edl xoak||blyk|fkd nk~b ygr`kdi le{x en|br hgazcb|kgd gn |re~bc$

Gn |fb nk~b kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbrx yb xbcbh|bl ngr rb~kby# ngr ybrb xkidbl o{ |fb|re~bcbr ce|br |fed nk~b ygr`kdi le{x en|br |fb |re~bc hgazcb|kgd le|b$ \fb ngr ce|b |re~bc~ghfbrx ybrb xoak||bl ob|ybbd |yg edl nk~b ybb`x en|br hgazcb|kgd gn |fb rbce|bl|rkzx$

Zrgaz| xoakxxkgd gn |re~bc ~ghfbrx zbrak|x |fbkr |kabc{ zrghbxxkdi# hcberkdi gn ed{hexf el~edhbx# edl rbkaorxbabd| |g |fb |re~bcbrx$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

K$5$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr bdngrhb |fb nk~bygr`kdi le{ xoakxxkgd rbukrbabd| ngr |re~bc~ghfbrx edl agdk|gr |fb x|ennx hgazckedhb$

?$ \fb kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbrx hgd|ekdbl lkxhrbzedhkbx$

ZHA xbh|kgd 65? zrg~klbx zgckh{ edl ikledhb gd |fb zrgzbr hgazcb|kgd gn |re~bc~ghfbrx$

Ngr gdb kd|brde|kgdec |re~bc ~ghfbr# |fb le|b xkidbl ex rb~kbybl yex berckbr |fed |fb le|bxkidbl o{ |fb |re~bcbr$ Ngr edg|fbr ~ghfbr# |fbrb yex dg ezzrg~kdi gnnkhkecx xkide|rb$Yb ecxg dg|bl lkxhrbzedhkbx rbce|kdi |g zbr lkba re|bx$ Kd ellk|kgd# gdb |re~bc ~ghfbryex akxxkdi |fb |re~bc e|fgrk}e|kgd daobr edl |fb le|bx gn |re~bc$ Edg|fbr |re~bc~ghfbr fel bvzbdxbx ngr |evk edl hfbh`!hexfkdi kd |fb yrgdi hgcad$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

K$?$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr fgcl e abb|kdi grxbakder ngr ecc x|enn gd zrgzbr edl |kabc{hgazcb|kgd gn |re~bc ~ghfbrx$


26/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ?:

K$?$? \fe|$|fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr kdx|rh| zgx| aedeibabd|x|enn |g bvbrhkxb herb kd elbue|bc{ zbrngrakdirb~kbyx gn |re~bc ~ghfbrx$

M$ NKCBX AEDEIBABD\

5$ \fb zgx|x nkcbx hgd|ekdbl gcl edl g|le|bl lghabd|x$

ZHA xbh|kgd 6;?$>$> x|e|bx= Gnnkhbx xfecc bdxrb |fe| zbraedbd| rbhgrlx erb zrbxbr~bledl |fe| rbhgrlx |fe| erb dg cgdibr gn xb |g |fb Eibdh{ erb zrgzbrc{ lkxzgxbl gn grrb|krbl$ _b|bd|kgd x|edlerlx ngr Zbehb Hgrzx rbhgrlx erb hgd|ekdbl kd |fb _bhgrlxAedeibabd| Fedlogg`$

\fb zgx|x nkcbx hgd|ekdbl gcl edl goxgcb|b elakdkx|re|k~b# zrgirea# edl ^gcd|bbrlghabd|x le|kdi oeh` |g |fb kdhbz|kgd gn |fb Xrkdeab zrgirea kd 5;;2$ Elakdkx|re|k~b

nkcbx ybrb x|grbl kd |fb yerbfgxb kd herlogerl ogvbx edl ?5 ab|ec nkcb lreybrx$ \fblghabd|x kdhclbl hgd|reh|x# hgd|reh|gr nkcbx# ~ghfbrx# hgdx|rh|kgd bx|kae|bx# zrgmbh|rbzgr|x# edl ^gcd|bbr nkcbx yk|f deabx gd |fb ngclbrx edl zbrxgdec le|e kdxklb$ Gdbygglbd heokdb| yk|f nk~b xfbc~bx hgd|ekdbl zrgirea!rbce|bl rbhgrlx# kdhclkdi zrb!xbr~khb edl kd!xbr~khb |rekdkdi lghabd|x# fgabx|e{ kdngrae|kgd# edl |rekdkdi gn |rekdbrxlghabd|e|kgd# igkdi oeh` |g |fb {ber ?:::$

\fb zgx|x derre|k~b |g k|x nkxhec {ber ?:5:!?:5? Kd|bire|bl Zceddkdi edl Olib|kdiX{x|ba &KZOX+ rbzgr| xzbhknkbl e daobr gn gombh|k~bx# kdhclkdi Lkxzgxb gn gcl rbhgrlxehhgrlkdi |g bx|eockxfbl zrghblrbx edl |kab|eocbx$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

M$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| rb~kby k|x gcl elakdkx|re|k~b#zrgirea# edl ^gcd|bbr nkcbx edl lkxzgxb gn |fba kdehhgrledhb yk|f eibdh{ zgckh{$

M$5$? \fe| |fb zgx| lb~bcgz ed kd|brdec zrghblrb ngrrbicer# zbrkglkh rb~kbyx edl lkxzgxk|kgd gn k|x nkcbx$
http://inside.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?viewDocument&document_id=16795&filetype=dochttp://inside.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?viewDocument&document_id=16795&filetype=dochttp://inside.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?viewDocument&document_id=16795&filetype=dochttp://inside.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?viewDocument&document_id=16795&filetype=doc


27/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ?5

@$ Z_GHR_BABD\

5$ Xgab zgx| cbexb lghabd|x ybrb kdhgazcb|b gr kdhhre|b$

\fb zgx|x cbexb nkcbx lkl dg| hgazc{ yk|f |fb x|edlerlx edl rbukrbabd|x gn ZHA xbh|kgd

988# ex ngccgyx=

Hbr|knkhe|bx gn ehhbz|edhb ybrb dg| ecye{x hgazcb|bl$ \fb xbd|bdhb \fkx hgdx|k||bx |fb nkdec gz|kgd zbrkgl yex brrgdbgxc{ kdhclbl kd

|fb |bv| gn |frbb gz|kgd rbdbyec dg|khbx yfbd k| yex dg| |fb nkdec gz|kgd zbrkgl$

Gdb rbxklbd|kec cbexb kdhgrrbh|c{ xzbhknkbl e cbexb zbrkgl gn ngr {berx edl 55 agd|fx zcx ngr nr|fbr gdb {ber gz|kgd zbrkglx$ Cbexbx xfgcl ob ngr e aevkaagn nk~b {berx kdhclkdi gz|kgd zbrkglx$

_bxklbd|kec cbexbx gn |fb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrbx# yfkhf ybrb lbdgakde|bl kd R$X$ lgccerx#lkl dg| fe~b |fb rbukrbl ezzrg~ecx gn |fb Gnnkhb gn |fb Hfkbn Nkdedhkec Gnnkhbr edl|fb Hfkbn gn Akxxkgd$ \fb zgx| go|ekdbl |fb ezzrg~ecx lrkdi |fb hgrxb gn |fb elk|$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

@$5$5 \fe|# gd ed gdigkdi oexkx# |fb zgx| go|ekdhbr|knkhe|bx gn ehhbz|edhb ngr ecc cbexbx$

@$5$? \fe| |fb zgx| bvbrhkxb herb kd k|x gz|kgd rbdbyec

lghabd|x edl# kd zer|khcer# dg| kdhclb |fb |bv|\fkx hgdx|k||bx |fb nkdec gz|kgd zbrkgl yfbd |fe|kx dg| |fb hexb$

@$5$8 \fe| |fb zgx| ehhre|bc{ rbncbh| |fb |brax gn |fbcbexbx kd |fb rbce|bl cbexb lghabd|x$

@$5$< \fe|# gd ed gdigkdi oexkx# |fb zgx| go|ekd ezzrg~eckd el~edhb nrga |fb Gnnkhb gn |fb Hfkbn NkdedhkecGnnkhbr edl |fb Hfkbn gn Akxxkgd ngr cbexbxlbdgakde|bl kd R$X$ lgccerx$

?$ \fb zgx|x zbrxgdec xbr~khbx hgd|reh|gr &ZXH+ nkcbx ybrb akxxkdi rbukrbl

lghabd|x$

\fb zgx|x ZXH nkcbx lkl dg| ncc{ hgazc{ yk|f |fb rbukrbabd|x gn ZHA xbh|kgd 9


28/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ??

Xgab x|e|babd|x gn ygr` ybrb bk|fbr akxxkdi nrga |fb ZXH nkcbx gr zcehbl cggxbre|fbr |fed kd|bire|bl yk|f gr e||ehfbl |g |fb rbce|bl ZXH hgd|reh|x$

Gdb x|enn abaobrx xbhrk|{ hcberedhb zle|b yex dg| cghe|bl$ \fb nkdedhkec exxkx|ed|yex dhbr|ekd kn k| fel obbd akxnkcbl gr dg| hgazcb|bl$

E dby hgd|reh| hgd|ekdbl gdc{ |fb nkrx| |yg zeibx re|fbr |fed |fb hgazcb|b hgd|reh|edl |fb x|e|babd| gn ygr`$

Gnnkhb gn Ablkhec Xbr~khbx &GAX+ ezzrg~ec ngr |fb hgd|reh| gn |fb Zbehb HgrzxAblkhec Gnnkhbr &ZHAG+# ecgdi yk|f fkx ezzrekxecx ngr ?::># ?::9# edl ?::6# ybrbdg| gd nkcb$ \fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr |gcl x |fe| |fbxb ybrb xbd| |g fbeluer|brx$

Ex e rbxc|# hgazcb|b edl ehhre|b lghabd|e|kgd yex dg| e~ekceocb ngr zrgzbr hgd|reh|elakdkx|re|kgd$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

@$?$5 \fe| |fb zgx| zrbzerb x|e|babd|x gn ygr` &XGYx+ngr ecc x|enn edl |fe| |fb XGYx ob kd|bire|bl yk|f gre||ehfbl |g |fb rbce|bl ZXH hgd|reh|x edl kdhclblkd |fb ZXHx nkcbx$

@$?$? \fe| |fb zgx| ~brkn{ |fe| k| fex ecc xbhrk|{ hcberedhbzle|bx edl rbubx| |fgxb dbblbl nrga |fb _bikgdecXbhrk|{ Gnnkhbr$

@$?$8 \fe| |fb zgx| kdhclb |fb hgazcb|b dby hgd|reh|kdhclkdi ecc hgd|reh| zeibx edl |fb x|e|babd| gnygr` kd |fb ZXHx nkcb$

@$?$< \fe| |fb zgx| aekd|ekd hgzkbx gn GAX ezzrg~ec gn|fb ZHAGx hgd|reh| edl |fb ZHAGx zbrngraedhbezzrekxecx$

C$ ABLKHEC XRZZCKBX

5$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| kazcbabd| |fb eibdh{x ablkhec xzzckbx kd~bd|gr{ zgckh{$

ZHA xbh|kgd 98< xzbhknkbx |fb zgx|x rbxzgdxkokck|kbx edl rbukrbabd|x rbce|kdi |gablkhec xzzckbx kd~bd|gr{$ \fb zgx| lkl dg| kazcbabd| |fkx zgckh{# yfkhf yex kxxbl kdDg~baobr ?::6# ex ngccgyx=


29/54


Hgd|rer{ |g zgckh{# |fb ZHAG aekd|ekdbl |fb kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx ngr ecc ablkhecxzzckbx$

\fb ablkhec exxkx|ed|# re|fbr |fed e zbrxgd nrga g|xklb |fb ablkhec dk|# zbrngrabl|fb zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ gn xzbhkecc{ lbxkide|bl lrix# yfkhf |fb ZHAG |gcl x ybrb

|fgxb kd |fb cgh`bl heokdb| kd fkx gnnkhb$ Fgyb~br# fb fel dg| klbd|knkbl |fb xzbhkecc{lbxkide|bl lrix kd |fb kd~bd|gr{ rbhgrlx$ Fb |gcl x fb |fgif| |fe| ikledhb ygclob zrg~klbl o{ GAX$

\fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr# yfg zbrngrabl |fb kd~bd|gr{ ~brknkhe|kgdx gn hgd|rgccblxox|edhbx# lkl dg| zbrngra e ~brknkhe|kgd ngr gdb uer|br kd ?::;# ob|ybbd Ezrkc 58#?::; edl Eix| ?6# ?::;$

\fb ablkhec exxkx|ed|# re|fbr |fed e lbxkide|bl ehhbz|edhb zgkd| hcbr` nrga g|xklb|fb ablkhec dk|# gzbdbl# kd |fb zrbxbdhb gn |fb ZHAG# ablkhec xzzckbx rbhbk~bl e||fb zgx|$

\fb ZHAG lkl dg| xb |fb rbukrbl lkxzbdxbl ablkhec xzzckbx ngra$ \fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr lkl dg| xoak|# gd ed eddec oexkx# |fb ablkhec kd~bd|gr{ hgd|rgc

cgi# lb Ezrkc 52# ?::;$ \fb cgi bdabre|bx kd~bd|grkbx gn hgd|rgccbl xox|edhbx edlxzbhkecc{ lbxkide|bl ablkhec xzzckbx ex gn Aerhf 85$

Yb rbhgaabdl=

C$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| kazcbabd| |fb eibdh{x zgckh{ gd

ablkhec xzzckbx# ZHA xbh|kgd 98


30/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ?

ZGX\ X\ENNKDI

E| |fb |kab gn gr ~kxk|# |fb zgx| fel ?5 x|enn zgxk|kgdx= |frbb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrbx# |frbb

ngrbkid xbr~khb de|kgdecx# edl 52 zbrxgdec xbr~khbx hgd|reh|grx$

Yb kd|br~kbybl 5: x|enn abaobrx# kdhclkdi |fb |frbb R$X$ lkrbh| fkrb bazcg{bbx$ Eccx|enn kd|br~kbybl |gcl x |fe| |fb{ ~br{ ahf bdmg{bl ygr kdi e| |fb Zbehb Hgrzx$ \fb{x|e|bl |fe|# kd zer|khcer# |fb{ bdmg{bl kd|breh|kdi yk|f edl xzzgr|kdi |fb ^gcd|bbrx$

^gcd|bbrx |gcl x |fe| |fb{ ezzrbhke|bl |fb ybchgakdi e||k|lb gn |fb Zbehb Hgrzx x|ennyfbd |fb ^gcd|bbrx ~kxk|bl |fb gnnkhb# edl |fb kd|brbx| xfgyd o{ |fb x|enn kd |fbkr xhhbxxedl ybcc!obkdi$ ^gcd|bbrx ecxg x|e|bl |fe| |fb{ fel rbhbk~bl bnnbh|k~b gdigkdi xzzgr|nrga |fb elakdkx|re|k~b dk| edl xzbhknkhecc{ zrekxbl |fb e~ekceokck|{ edl fbcznc e||k|lbgn |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr edl |fb elakdkx|re|k~b x|enn$

ZH'Xrkdeab Zgxk|kgdx

Zgxk|kgd X|e|x

Hgd|r{ Lkrbh|gr RXLF

Zrgirea edl \rekdkdi Gnnkhbr RXLF

Elakdkx|re|k~b Gnnkhbr RXLF

Xenb|{ edl Xbhrk|{ Gnnkhbr ZXH

Zrgirea Aedeibr'Fbec|f NXD

Zrgirea Aedeibr'Oxkdbxx ZXH

\rekdkdi Aedeibr ZXH

Nkdedhkec Exxkx|ed| NXD

Hexfkbr NXD

Kdngrae|kgd \bhfdgcgi{ Xzbhkeckx| ZXH

Ibdbrec Xbr~khbx Exxkx|ed| ZXH

Ag|grzggc Xzbhkeckx| ZXH

Zrgireaakdi edl \rekdkdi Xzbhkeckx|'Fbec|f ZXH

Zrgireaakdi edl \rekdkdi Xzbhkeckx|'Oxkdbxx ZXH

Zrgireaakdi edl \rekdkdi Exxkx|ed| ZXH

Cedieib Hggrlkde|gr ZXH

Fgxkdi Hggrlkde|gr'Lrk~br ZXH

Zbehb Hgrzx Ablkhec Hgd|reh|gr ZXHAblkhec Exxkx|ed| ZXH

Xbhrb|er{'_bhbz|kgdkx| ZXH

Hcbedbr'Oeh`!z _bhbz|kgdkx| ZXH


33/54


CKX\ GN _BHGAABDLE\KGDX

Yb rbhgaabdl=

E$5$5 \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr x|rbdi|fbd |fb zgx|x kd|brdec hgd|rgc bd~krgdabd|#eh|k~k|kbx# edl agdk|grkdi kd e aeddbr |fe| ykcc xenbierl exxb|x edl zrb~bd| edllb|bh| yex|b# nrel# edl eoxb$

E$5$? \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr lbxhrkob |fb eh|kgdx |e`bd |g ehfkb~b |fb hgd|rgcx|edlerlx lbxhrkobl kd E$5 kd e rbzgr| |g |fb rbikgdec lkrbh|gr edl |fb eibdh{xhfkbn hgazckedhb gnnkhbr$

O$5$5 \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr bdxrb |fe| kazrbx| ndl ~brknkhe|kgdx erb zbrngrabluer|brc{ o{ |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr edl kd g|fbr agd|fx o{ |fb elakdkx|re|k~b

gnnkhbr$

O$5$? \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr edl |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr ~er{ |fb |kakdi behfagd|f gn |fbkr kazrbx| ndl ~brknkhe|kgdx$

O$5$8 \fe| |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr edl |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr zbrngra kazrbx| ndl~brknkhe|kgdx yk|f e hexf hgd| edl rb~kby gn xzzgr|kdi lghabd|x ngr eccoecedhbx$

O$?$5 \fe| |fb hexfkbr hfedib |fb kazrbx| ndl xenb hgaokde|kgd eddecc{# yfbd |fbrbkx e hfedib kd hexfkbrx# gr yfbdb~br |fb hgaokde|kgd obhgabx `dgyd |g e zbrxgd

g|fbr |fed |fb hexfkbr$

O$8$5 \fe| zgx| x|enn hcber |fbkr kd|brka hexf el~edhbx yk|fkd |frbb ygr`kdi le{x$

O$8$? \fe| |fb hexfkbr agdk|gr |fb x|e|x gn kd|brka el~edhbx edl dg|kn{ |fbelakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr kn el~edhbx erb dg| obkdi hcberbl yk|fkd |frbb le{x$

O$8$8 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr agdk|gr |fb x|e|x gn g|x|edlkdi kd|brka el~edhbxkd grlbr |g bdxrb |fe| |fb{ erb hcberbl yk|fkd |fb rbukrbl |kab zbrkgl$

H$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| rbubx| ck~kdi edl xb||ckdi!kd eccgyedhb hfbh`x yk|f xnnkhkbd| cbel

|kab |g zbrak| |fb eccgyedhbx |kabc{ ze{abd| |g ^gcd|bbrx$

H$5$? \fe| |fb zgx|# kd hgdxc|e|kgd yk|f |fb rbikgd# zbrngra e rb~kby |g klbd|kn{og||cbdbh`x |g rbhbk~kdi eccgyedhb hfbh`x gd |kab edl |e`b eh|kgd |g rbxgc~b|fbxb$


34/54


35/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab ?;

N$5$2 \fe| |fb zgx| zrg~klb xnnkhkbd|c{ lb|ekcbl kdngrae|kgd rbce|kdi |g zrgzbr|{lkxzgxec |g zbrak| |fb zle|kdi gn |fb zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb$

N$?$5 \fe| |fb zgx| hgdlh| e hgazcb|b zf{xkhec kd~bd|gr{ edl bdxrb |fe| |fb zrgzbr|{kd~bd|gr{ le|eoexb rbncbh|x |fb hrrbd| x|e|x# cghe|kgd# edl hgdlk|kgd gn ecc k|bax

kdhclkdi |fb zgx|x K\ bukzabd|$

N$?$? \fe| |fb zgx| klbd|kn{ k|bax yk|f lzckhe|b kd~bd|gr{ |eix# kdhgrrbh| |eix# gr dg|eix edl |e`b hgrrbh|k~b eh|kgd ex dbblbl$

N$?$8 \fe| |fb zgx| lb~bcgz kd|brdec zgckhkbx edl zrghblrbx yfkhf ykcc zrg~klb ngrgdigkdi edl ehhre|b rbhgrl`bbzkdi# bnnbh|k~b hgd|rgcx# edl aedeibrkec g~brxkif|g~br zrgzbr|{ kd~bd|gr{$

N$8$5 \fe| |fb zgx| kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ngr zrgzbr|{ fbcl kd |fb rbxklbdhbx gn |fb R$X$lkrbh| fkrb x|enn edl zcehb |fb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x kd |fb elakdkx|re|k~b nkcbx$

N$8$? \fe| |fb zgx| kxxb hx|gl{ rbhbkz|x ngr zrgzbr|{ zrg~klbl |g ^gcd|bbrx ngr xblrkdi |fbkr Zbehb Hgrzx xbr~khb edl bx|eockxf ed bnnbh|k~b hgd|rgc x{x|ba |g|reh` |fb zrgzbr|{$

I$5$5 \fe| |fb rbukrbl x|enn abaobrx rb~kby# kdk|kec# edl le|b |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgixybb`c{$

I$5$? \fe| x|enn rbhgrl ecc xeib gn zgx| ~bfkhcbx kd |fb ~bfkhcb xeib cgix edl ncc{hgazcb|b |fb rbukrbl kdngrae|kgd$

I$?$5 \fe|# kd |fb n|rb# |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr kxxb yrk||bd e|fgrk}e|kgdx ngr ezzrg~blfgab!|g!gnnkhb xb gn Zbehb Hgrzx ~bfkhcbx zrkgr |g |fb ~bfkhcbx xb edlaekd|ekd |fbxb kd |fb zgx|x nkcbx$

I$8$5 \fe| |fb zgx| ennkv Kd Hexb gn Ehhklbd| herlx |g behf ~bfkhcb kd e zcehb |fe| kx~kxkocb |g |fb ghhzed|x$

F$5$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lb|brakdb# kd hgdmdh|kgd yk|f fbeluer|brx# |fbrbexgd ngr |fb ce|b rbhbkz| gn ZXH xecer{ hfbh`x edl |e`b |fb rbukrbl rbablkeceh|kgdx$

F$5$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr lb|brakdb kn |fb ze{abd| gn ZXHx o{ BN\ kxzgxxkocb edl# kn xg# kazcbabd| |fkx ze{abd| ~bfkhcb$

F$?$5 \fe| |fb |kab`bbzbr ~brkn{ |fe| |fb |kabxfbb|x erb xoak||bl |kabc{ edl zrbzerblehhre|bc{# edl ngccgy z yk|f x|enn abaobrx ex dbblbl$


36/54

Nkdec Elk| _bzgr|= Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab 8:

F$?$? \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr kdx|rh| x|enn gd |fb zrgzbr rbhgrlkdi gn cbe~b#fgckle{x# edl hgazbdxe|gr{ |kab gd |fb |kabxfbb|x# edl gd lghabd|e|kgd# xhfex cbe~b edl hgazbdxe|gr{ |kab ngrax# yfkhf ax| ob e||ehfbl kd xzzgr| gn |fb|kabxfbb|x$

F$?$8 \fe| xzbr~kxgrx zbrngra herbnc edl hgdxhkbd|kgx rb~kbyx gn |fb |kabxfbb|x gn|fbkr x|enn edl ngccgy z kaablke|bc{ |g hgrrbh| lkxhrbzedhkbx$

F$?$< \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr rbakdl x|enn gn |fb zgx|x hgazbdxe|gr{ |kabzgckh{# kdhclkdi |fb aevkaa fgrx |fe| ae{ ob herrkbl g~br# edl agdk|gr |fbx|ennx hgazckedhb$

F$?$2 \fe| |fb |kab`bbzbr rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx ngr |fb cex||yg {berx edl ~brkn{ |fe| |fb{ rbncbh| |fb eh|ec fgrx ygr`bl edl eh|ec cbe~b|e`bd ex kdlkhe|bl gd |fb |kabxfbb|x$

F$?$> \fe| xzbr~kxgrx rb~kby |fb gnnkhkec |kab edl e||bdledhb rbhgrlx kd e rbicer#zbrkglkh aeddbr# edl xkid edl le|b |fb rbhgrlx xkidkn{kdi rb~kby$

K$5$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr bdngrhb |fb nk~b ygr`kdi le{ xoakxxkgdrbukrbabd| ngr |re~bc ~ghfbrx edl agdk|gr |fb x|ennx hgazckedhb$

K$?$5 \fe| |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr fgcl e abb|kdi gr xbakder ngr ecc x|enn gd zrgzbredl |kabc{ hgazcb|kgd gn |re~bc ~ghfbrx$

K$?$? \fe|$|fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr kdx|rh| zgx| aedeibabd| x|enn |g bvbrhkxb herb kdelbue|bc{ zbrngrakdi rb~kbyx gn |re~bc ~ghfbrx$

M$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| rb~kby k|x gcl elakdkx|re|k~b# zrgirea# edl ^gcd|bbr nkcbx edllkxzgxb gn |fba kd ehhgrledhb yk|f eibdh{ zgckh{$

M$5$? \fe| |fb zgx| lb~bcgz ed kd|brdec zrghblrb ngr rbicer# zbrkglkh rb~kbyx edllkxzgxk|kgd gn k|x nkcbx$

@$5$5 \fe|# gd ed gdigkdi oexkx# |fb zgx| go|ekd hbr|knkhe|bx gn ehhbz|edhb ngr ecc cbexbx$

@$5$? \fe| |fb zgx| bvbrhkxb herb kd k|x gz|kgd rbdbyec lghabd|x edl# kd zer|khcer# dg|kdhclb |fb |bv| \fkx hgdx|k||bx |fb nkdec gz|kgd zbrkgl yfbd |fe| kx dg| |fbhexb$

@$5$8 \fe| |fb zgx| ehhre|bc{ rbncbh| |fb |brax gn |fb cbexbx kd |fb rbce|bl cbexblghabd|x$

@$5$< \fe|# gd ed gdigkdi oexkx# |fb zgx| go|ekd ezzrg~ec kd el~edhb nrga |fb Gnnkhb gn|fb Hfkbn Nkdedhkec Gnnkhbr edl |fb Hfkbn gn Akxxkgd ngr cbexbx lbdgakde|bl kdR$X$ lgccerx$


37/54


@$?$5 \fe| |fb zgx| zrbzerb x|e|babd|x gn ygr` &XGYx+ ngr ecc x|enn edl |fe| |fb XGYxob kd|bire|bl yk|f gr e||ehfbl |g |fb rbce|bl ZXH hgd|reh|x edl kdhclbl kd |fbZXHx nkcbx$

@$?$? \fe| |fb zgx| ~brkn{ |fe| k| fex ecc xbhrk|{ hcberedhb zle|bx edl rbubx| |fgxb

dbblbl nrga |fb _bikgdec Xbhrk|{ Gnnkhbr$

@$?$8 \fe| |fb zgx| kdhclb |fb hgazcb|b dby hgd|reh| kdhclkdi ecc hgd|reh| zeibx edl|fb x|e|babd| gn ygr` kd |fb ZXHx nkcb$

@$?$< \fe| |fb zgx| aekd|ekd hgzkbx gn GAX ezzrg~ec gn |fb ZHAGx hgd|reh| edl |fbZHAGx zbrngraedhb ezzrekxecx$

C$5$5 \fe| |fb zgx| kazcbabd| |fb eibdh{x zgckh{ gd ablkhec xzzckbx# ZHA xbh|kgd98


38/54

EZZBDLKV E

GOMBH\K^B#XHGZB# EDL AB\FGLGCGI[

Gr gombh|k~b kd elk|kdi g~brxbex zgx|x kx |g lb|brakdb yfb|fbr |fb nkdedhkec edl

elakdkx|re|k~b gzbre|kgdx erb ndh|kgdkdi bnnbh|k~bc{ edl hgazc{ yk|f Zbehb Hgrzxzgckhkbx edl nblbrec rbice|kgdx$ Gr elk| hgdhcxkgdx erb oexbl gd kdngrae|kgd nrga|frbb xgrhbx= &5+ lghabd| edl le|e edec{xkx# &?+ kd|br~kbyx# edl &8+ lkrbh| goxbr~e|kgd$Gr elk|x erb hgdlh|bl kd ehhgrledhb yk|f |fb ig~brdabd| elk|kdi x|edlerlxzrbxhrkobl o{ |fb Hgaz|rgccbr Ibdbrec gn |fb Rdk|bl X|e|bx$

\fb elk| gn Zbehb Hgrzx'Xrkdeab hg~brbl nkxhec {berx ?::6 edl ?::;$ Yfkcb e| |fbzgx|# yb kd|br~kbybl `b{ x|enn kdhclkdi |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr# |fb elakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr#|fb zrgirea edl |rekdkdi gnnkhbr# |fb xenb|{ edl xbhrk|{ hggrlkde|gr# x|enn rbxzgdxkocb ngrelakdkx|re|k~b xzzgr|# edl |fb ablkhec gnnkhbr$ Yb ecxg kd|br~kbybl ^gcd|bbrx |ggo|ekd |fbkr ~kbyx gd |fb bnnbh|k~bdbxx gn |fb zgx|x elakdkx|re|k~b edl nkdedhkec x{x|bax

kd xzzgr|kdi |fba$ E| |fb bdl gn |fb elk|# yb orkbnbl |fb hgd|r{ lkrbh|gr edlelakdkx|re|k~b gnnkhbr$ E| fbeluer|brx# yb hgdlh|bl e ibdbrec orkbnkdi ngr rbikgdecx|enn$

Yb rbckbl gd hgaz|br!zrghbxxbl le|e nrga |fb zgx|x ehhgd|kdi x{x|ba$ Yfkcb yb lkldg| |bx| |fb x{x|bax hgd|rgcx# yb obckb~b |fb kdngrae|kgd ibdbre|bl o{ |fb x{x|ba edlxbl o{ x yex xnnkhkbd|c{ rbckeocb ngr gr elk| gombh|k~b$

Gr elk| hrk|brke ybrb lbrk~bl nrga |fb ngccgykdi xgrhbx= nblbrec rbice|kgdx# |fb ZbehbHgrzx aedec# G~brxbex Nkdedhkec Aedeibabd| Fedlogg`# edl hrrbd| Zbehb Hgrzxzgckhkbx edl kdk|ke|k~bx$


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EZZBDLKV O

AEDEIBABD\X _BXZGDXB \G

\FB Z_BCKAKDE_[ _BZG_\


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EZZBDLKV H

AEDEIBABD\X _BXZGDXB \G

\FB Z_BCKAKDE_[ _BZG_\

Aedeibabd| hgdhrrbl yk|f ecc >5 rbhgaabdle|kgdx aelb kd gr rbzgr|$ Ex e rbxc| gnaedeibabd|x rbxzgdxb edl xzzgr|kdi lghabd|e|kgd# yb hcgxbl >: rbhgaabdle|kgdx$Gdb rbhgaabdle|kgd rbaekdx gzbd zbdlkdi hgdnkrae|kgd nrga |fb hfkbn hgazckedhbgnnkhbr |fe| |fb ngccgykdi fex obbd rbhbk~bl=

Ngr rbhgaabdle|kgd H$8$5= lghabd|e|kgd |fe| |fb zgx| fex bvbh|bl eabagredla gn eirbbabd| yk|f k|x oed`$

Kd |fbkr rbxzgdxb# aedeibabd| lbxhrkobx eh|kgdx |fb{ erb |e`kdi gr kd|bdl |g |e`b |gellrbxx |fb kxxbx |fe| zrgaz|bl behf gn gr rbhgaabdle|kgdx$ Yb ykxf |g dg|b |fe| kd

hcgxkdi rbhgaabdle|kgdx# yb erb dg| hbr|kn{kdi |fe| |fb{ fe~b |e`bd |fbxb eh|kgdx dgr |fe|yb fe~b rb~kbybl |fbkr bnnbh|$ Hbr|kn{kdi hgazckedhb edl ~brkn{kdi bnnbh|k~bdbxx erbaedeibabd|x rbxzgdxkokck|kbx$ Fgyb~br# yfbd k| kx yerred|bl# yb ae{ hgdlh| e ngccgy!z rb~kby |g hgdnkra |fe| eh|kgd fex obbd |e`bd edl |g b~ece|b |fb kazeh|$


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EZZBDLKV L

ERLK\ HGAZCB\KGD EDL GKIHGD\EH\

ERLK\ HGAZCB\KGD

Xbdkgr elk|gr X|b~bd @ennbd zbrngrabl |fb elk| gn ZH'Xrkdeab$

GKI HGD\EH\

Kn {g ykxf |g hgaabd| gd |fb ueck|{ gr xbncdbxx gn |fkx rbzgr| |g fbcz x x|rbdi|fbdgr zrglh|# zcbexb baekc X|b~bd @ennbd# Eh|kdi Exxkx|ed| Kdxzbh|gr Ibdbrec ngr Elk|# e|x`ennbdJzbehbhgrzx$ig~# gr hecc fka e| ?:?$>;?$?;:2$
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Peace Corps Suriname Final Audit Report May 2010 PC Suriname Final Audit Report IG1006A

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Transcript of Peace Corps Suriname Final Audit Report May 2010 PC Suriname Final Audit Report IG1006A