Author Index

Abba!, M., 15 Alecu, c., 421 Alvord, E., Jr. 39 Amaducci, L., 75,157,250 Andersen, 0., 110 Arfaioli, C., 75 Arnon, R., 144 Avanzi, G., 75, 157

Barontini, F., 250 Bates, D., 176 Bauer, H. J., 364 Behrens-Baumann, W., 278 Benecke, R., 213,226 Beneton, C., 28 Berry, K., 463 Bervoets, S., 292 Billian, A., 55 Blancher, A., 15 Blumbergs,P.C., 363 Boisson, D., 28 Bollengier, F., 381 Borenstein, S., 337 Bornstein, M. B., 144 BoutrY,J.M., 246 Brette, J., 15 Brinkman, C.J.J., 72 Brohee, D., 151,416 Brucher, J.M., 362,470

Cabanis, E.A., 367,368 Cambi, F., 75 Cambiaso, C. L., 10 Capon, A., 302 Capparelli, R., 75, 157, 250 Caputo, D., 319,384,387 Carels, G., 392 Carton, H., 55, 161,299 Catz, 1., 40, 237 Cazzullo, C. L., 319, 384, 422 Cendrowski, W., 91 Cerf, E., 392 Cerf, J. A., 392 Cha!on, M.P., 10 Claeys, H., 55 Clanet, M., 15 Clausen, J., 23, 398 Clinet, G., 381

Conrad, B., 213, 226 Crols, R., 59, 70 Czlonkowska, Anna 47

Darvish, M., 463 Dasgupta, M. K., 40 de Bastiani, P., 454 De Brunier, 0., 246 deCock, W., 410 De Coster, W., 83 Decree, J., 410 De Laet, H. A., 292 del Como, G., 319 Delmotte, P., 126,381,409,410 Delplace, M. P., 309 Deltenre, P., 302 Delwaide, P.J., 214 Demonty, L., 126,219,410 De Reuck, J., 83 De Saxce, H., 135 de Smedt, L., 342 De Smet, Y., 126, 219, 362, 409, 470 De Zanche, C., 63 Dom, R., 299 Dossetor, J. B., 40 Droissart, Chr 161 Dumont, J.-P., 151,416 Dworkin, R. H., 176

Eiben, P., 373 Eysette, M., 28

Fareed, G. C., 463 Faverly, D., 416 Ferrante, P., 319 Field, E. J., 346, 403 Firnhaber, W., 119 Fog, T., 20 Franchesini, M., 448 Franco, C., 75, 157 Fratiglioni, L., 157 Friedrich, H., 373

Gallo, P., 63 Gautama, K., 161 Genetet, B., 240 Genetet, N., 240 Geutjens, J., 342

479

Gheuens, J., 7,70 Ghezzi, A., 384, 387, 422 Giussani, D., 387 Gonsette, R. E., xxv, 126,219, 362, 409,

410,470 Granieri, E., 454 Graves, M. C., 463 Grigorova, 0., 259 Guarnieri, B. M., 75, 157 Guenther, W., 166,253 Guillaumat, J., 309 Guseo, A., 206 Gybels, J., 227

Haas, J., 282 Halkjaer Kristensen, J., 20 Hallpike, J. F., 363 Hansen, H. J., 398 Hategan, D., 421 Hauw, J.J., 246 Heltberg, A., 20, 333 Herode, A., 337 Heulle, H., 125 Heyligen, H., 16, 411 Hische, E.A.H., 262 Hogenhuis, L. A. H., 273,432 Hommes, O. R., 72, 101 Hooghe, R. J., 3 Hooghe-Peters, E., 3 Hruby, S., 39

Iba-Zizen, M. T., 367,368 Inzitari, D., 157,250

Jacquy, J., 151,416 Jans, H., 20 John, D., 119 Joyce, G., 403

Kennes,8., 151,416 Ketelaer, P., 161,263,302 Koenig, N. H., 166,253 Koetsier, J. C., 417 Kuks, J., 300

Laterre, E. C., 10, 125 Lauer, K., 119 Leroy, C.P., 151,416 Lhermotte, F., 135,246,367,368 Liska, H., 202 Lissoir, F., 161 Livrea, P., 441 Logroscino, G. C., 441 Lombardo, R., 157 Lowenthal, A., 7, 59, 70 Luca, N., 421 LOnser, K., 226 Luyendijk, L., 417 Lyon-Caen, 0., 246,367,368

INDEX

480

McPherson, T. A., 40, 237 Madigand, M., 240 Magagni, G.A., 448 Mahler, A., 381 Malfroid, A.M., 392 Manca, M., 454 Marforio, S., 384, 387 Marini, P., 259 Marteau, R., 135,246,367, 368 Masson, P. L., 10 Medaer, R., 342 Meise, J., 70 Mertin, 1., 29 Miccoli, G., 448 Michalowska, G., 195 MilIar,l.H.D., 176 Miller, A.!., 144 Millett, M. F., 28 Minderhoud, J.M., 300 Mispelblombeuer, 1.0., 417 Montagna, C. G., 448 Montanini, R., 422

Nakamura, S., 463 Neu, I. S., 166, 184,253 Neu, 1., 88 Neve, P., 151,416 Nijst, D., 16,411,427,459 Noel, G., 151,416 Noppe, M., 59,70

Offner, H., 427

Paty, D. W., 176 Patzold, U., 282 Pedersen, E., 215,398 Pedersen, I. R., 24 Pinna, L., 454 Piperno, R., 448 Pisicchio, R., 441 Poser, C. M., 327 Poser, S., 278, 373 Pouliot, B., 240 Prosiegel, M., 88 Puel,F.l., 15

Rascol, A., 15 Rastogi, S. c., 398 Raun,N.E., 20 Raus, J., 16,299,411,427,459 Reulen,l.P.H., 273,432 Rigolet, M. H., 368 Rosnowska, M., 91 Rothfelder, U., 166 Rouliet, E., 246, 367, 368 Rzepecki, Z., 47

Sabouraud,O., 240

Saedeleer, J. de 299 Sampson, M., 373 Sanders, E. A. C. M., 273, 432 Schelling, F., 433 Schipper, H.I., 278 Schmid, P., 463 Schuller, E., 246 Sela, M., 144 Shapshak, P., 463 Shaw, C. M., 39 Shaw,D.A., 176 Sidhu, K., 463 Simone, I. L., 441 Sindic, C. J. M., 10, 125 Sindou, M., 28 Sita, D., 157, 250 Slagle, S., 144 Slimp, J., 39 Sluga, E., 202 Smits, M. Y., 300 Soucop, W., 202 Spada, V., 144 Stecchi, S., 448 Stragier, J., 299 Struhl, S., 302 Swerts, M., 342 Symoens, J., 410

Tamraz, J., 367, 368 Tavolato, B., 63 Teitelbaum, D., 144 ter Laak, H. J., 72 ter Steege, G., 300 Theys, P., 161 Tokarz, E., 195 Tola, R., 454

AUTHOR INDEX

Tourtellotte, W. W., 398,463 Trojano, M., 441 Tschabitscher, H., 202 Tzvetanova, E., 259

Unger, M., 23

Vandenbark, A., 16,299,411,427,459 Vandeputte, I., 161 vander Eechen, H., 83 van der Helm, H. J., 262 Van Haver, H., 55, 161 van Hees, J., 161 vanKamp,G.J., 417 van Neckel, C., 302 van Poppel, H., 263 van Rompaey, F., 16,411,427,459 van Roost, D., 227 van Walbeck, H. K., 262 Vereecken, R. L., 263 verHaeghen, H., 410 Vermylen, c., 55, 161 Vervliet, G., 55 Voiculescu, V., 421

Wajgt, A., 195 Walter, G. F., 470 Warren, K. G., 40,237 Wender, M., 195 Wurster, U., 282 Wuzel, H., 278

Yordanov, B., 259

Zaffaroni, M., 319,384,387 Zeeberg, I., 20, 24 Zimatore, G. B., 141

481

Subject Index

abiotrophy 347 white matter 356

acid a-naphthylacetatesterase 283 T-lymphocyte evaluation in CNS 284-6,

288 acid phosphatase and CSF cells

activity 84-6 Guillain-Barre syndrome 84, 85 multiple sclerosis 85 subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 84, 86

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 347 E-UFA test 357 MS distinction 354 treatment 358

acute remitting MS, polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation 176-82

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 203 treatment effects 350, 352

adverse reactions azathioprine 124, 448, 453 cyclophosphamide 128, 133 immunoglobulin therapy 174 intrathecal corticosteroids 256 saffiower oil 193 tizanidine 221, 222 transfer factor 163 triamcinolone acetonide 258

age, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and MS 30

a-albumin CSF 59-61

plasmapheresis effects 158 MS clinical status 60, 61 neurological disease CSF levels 60, 61 prednisone and serum levels 196 quotient and blood-CSF barrier

damage 442 Alzheimer's disease 465

CSF a-albumin 60 transferrin/Tau ratio and age 67, 68

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and poliovirus 464

annual relapse rate (APR) 126 cyclophosphamide effects 128-30, 132 spontaneous decrease 129 transient reduction and

cyclophosphamide 130

483

anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia incidence and MS 295 signs 295

antibody see also immunoglobulin antibrain in CSF 18,427-30

ELISA detection 459-61 synovial fluid 427-30

equine antiglobulin 138 monoclonal anti-T-cell and EAE course

72-4 myelin basic protein in EAE and MS 39 viral antigens in MS 7, 15

antigen brain

characterization 16 detection by CSF 16-18,411-14 IgG levels 398

pathogen role 4, 5 sensitization index 50, 52

antigen-active rosette forming cell assay 49 antilymphocyte serum 107

azathioprine and prednisone treatment 135-43

beneficial effects 142 treatment schedule 136

anti-myelin basic protein 17 antispastic drugs 217; see also individual

drugs mechanism of action 223

a-antitrypsin titres in MS 381-3 arachiodonic acid

inborn mishandling 347 MS serum and marine oil 96

assay, immunological 136; see also ELISA and RIA

assessment clinical 13 7 handicap 139, 140 numerical classification 327-32 self and immunoglobulin therapy 173 self and lympho-plasmapheresis 153 spinal cord dysfunction 213 visual evoked potentials 422-5

astroglial cell markers 59 astroglial tumours, brain protein

autoantibodies 71 auto-antibodies, brain specific proteins 70,71

auto-immunity 4-6 immunoregulation breakdown 29 therapeutic approach 5, 6

azathioprine antilymphocyte serum and prednisone

treatment 135-43 long-term treatment 119-24, 125 lymphocyte populations activated 451,

452 neutral proteinase activity 79 prior course 120 response in MS 102 rosette forming variation 450 T cell subsets 207 transfer factor comparison 448-53

baclofen 217 tizanidine comparison 220

Behc;:et's disease 357 benign form of MS 384-6

definition 384 features 284 onset age and symptoms 385

bladder atonia, intermittent catheterization 266

bladder function assessment 264 contraction and muscle spasm 264, 265 indwelling catheters 265 a-receptors 266 spasticity, factors affecting 264 spinal cord stimulation 230

bladder reflex in spinal lesions 217 blink reflexes 275, 303

value 304 blood-brain barrier

damage and IgG treatment 167 CSF cell count 169, 170

profile 68 blood-CSF barrier 441-6

albumin restricticn 444 damage in MS 441 evaluation 443 inflammatory disease 446 permselectivity 442, 443

B-Iymphocytes 3 cyclophosphamide effects 132

bout classification 114 and T cell subset activity 206-8 type and next bout interval 113-17

brain see also antibody, antigen antibody in synovial fluid and

CSF 427-31 perivenous bleedings 437,438 postmortem examination 471

-specific MS antigens 398 autoantibodies 70, 71 CSF detection 411-14

INDEX

vascular expansions 433 white matter fatty acids 96

brainstem auditory evoked potentials 163, 164

method 274, 303 brain tumour and transferrin/Tau ratio 66,

67 breast feeding and MS incidence 356

case control study 319-25 epidemiological approach 320

catheter, mirror 266 catheterization, self 266 cell culture

CSF lymphocytes and myelinated cultures 246-9

myelinated 247 Yero 464

measles infected 24, 25 cell mediated immunity

EAE and MS 36 and Iympho-plasmapheresis 416

central nervous system (CNS) viral nucleic acid sequences 463-8

cerebral vein, fleeting expansion and white matter 437

cerebroside clinical status of MS 50, 51 CSF and peripheral blood 50-2 sensitization and clinical status 51, 52

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a-albumin 59-61 antiviral antibodies 15 brain antigen detection 16-18,411-14 brain-specific proteins 61 complement 20-2 concentration 64 -y-globulin levels and blood-brain barrier

damage 167-70 glycolipid sensitization in MS 50-3 immune complexes 20-2 isolated optic neuritis 282-9 local immunoglobulin classes 10-14 oligoclonal IgG bands 10, 11

optic neuritis 388, 389 plasmapheresis effects 157-9

albumin 158, 159 IgG 158

protein passage and radius 441,442 spinal tensions 438, 439 transferrin/Tau ratio 63 volume-pressure ratio 434 (3-zone immunofixation 64, 65

cerebrospinal fluid cells

484

acid phosphatase activity and neurological disorders 84-6

blood-brain barrier disturbance 169, 170 culture 247

SUBJECT INDEX

immunoglobulin secretion 248 in vitro demyelination 248 isolation 84 T lymphocyte proportion in MS 288

ceruloplasmin, onset MS values 421 Charcot 346, 406 children, MS signs 406; see also

hyperactivity cholesterol esters

acute and remissive MS 192 analyses 186 CSF in MS 189-91 serum in MS 185, 188, 189 chromatofocussing 428, 429

chromatography, gas; fatty acids 186 chronico-progressive disease, copolymer I

effects 147 cisternography, isotopic

abnormal findings 251 CSF findings in MS 251 IgG index 251, 252 MS course 250-2 patient groups 250

clinical features, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and MS 30, 31

clinical state and CSF immunoglobulins 12 clinical trials

problems 102 relapse rate and design 11 0-18

clonus, tizanidine effectiveness 220, 221 clupanodonic acid 91

in MS serum after marine oil 96 colour vision defect 278 compensation system, W. Germany 364-6

war service 364 complement

activation products 22 C3 and C4 in MS patients 20-2 detection 21 lympho-plasmapheresis 154 serum analysis and treatment 138, 139

computed tomography (CT) scan 276 findings in definite MS 367, 369 iodine injection 367 lesion detection 276, 277 optic nerve visualization 368-71 procedure 368, 369 stage of illness 369

control group compilation 119 convergent abolition, MS and neurological

disease 296 copolymer-I

composition 145 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

suppression 144 and MS types 145, 147-50 preliminary trial results 147 source 146

treatment duration 148 cortical atrophy 367 corticosteroid see also triamcinolone

intrathecal and acute MS 253-8 adverse reactions 256

optic neuritis 288 therapy theory 256

course azathioprine treatment 120, 121

intermittent 120, 121 progressive 122, 123

factors affecting 108 oligoclonal CSF bands 388

craniocerebral trauma CSF cholesterol esters 191 linoleic acid levels 184, 193 MS control group 185 phosphatide and cholesterol esters 186-8

craniospinal vessels, volume changes 434 crossed immunoelectrophoresis 254, 255

a-macroglobulin and MS diagnosis 259-61

CSF see cerebrospinal fluid cyclophosphamide

carcinogenicity 133 dose 127 isophosphamide comparison 131 long-term treatment 125, 126-34 pulse intensive 130 pulse and maintained, assessment 130,131 selection 127 side effects 128 single dose and relapse rate 128, 129 treatment in MS 102, 107

cyclosporin A 107 cystostomy 265

dantrolene sodium, spasticity 217 dementia, brain-specific autoantibodies 70,

71 demyelinating syndromes

multifocal, pancreatic encephalopathy 362

myelin basic protein levels 238 demyelination assay 247,248 diagnosis

clinical 389 CSF, IgG in optic neuritis 279 IgG index 262 az-macroglobulin heterogeneity 259,260 multimodality, evoked potentials 302-7 myelin basic protein assay 417-20 patient attitude 374 social changes 375-8

diet

485

enriched marine oil 91-7 polyunsaturated fatty acid

supplementation 176-82

disability diagnosis knowledge 374 official recognition, effects 377, 378

disseminated encephalomyelitis 331 dorsal column stimulation 228; see also

spinal cord stimulation dysarthria 328, 329

EAE see experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

electromyogram (EMG) and spasticity measurement 213

encephalitis, a-albumin in CSF 60 encephalitogenic peptide

and platelet aggregation in MS 88-90 source 88

encephalomyelitis, postvaccinial in rabies 365, 366

enzyme immunoassay myelin basic protein 417-20; see also ELISA

method 418 sensitivity 419 values in progressive MS 420

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15

antibrain antibody 459-61 brain antigen detection 16, 17,398,

411-14 CSF and synovial fluid 427-30

epidemiological study 319 valid data 457

Epstein-Barr virus, polyclonal activation 5 erection monitoring 268, 269 E-rosettes 138 erythrocyte-unsaturated fatty acid test (E-

UFA) 348,349 amoxycillin effects 351 ferrous sulphate effects 351 hyperactivity 404, 405 plasma (PE-UFA) 404 smoking effects 350, 353

Eskimos, serum fatty acids 96 essential fatty acids see also individual fatty

acids, polyunsaturated MS patients 184-94

d'Este, Sir Augustus, MS description 346 E-UFA see erythrocyte-unsaturated fatty acid

test European Committee on Treatment and

Research in MS 104 evoked potential, multimodality see also

brain, somatosensory, visual CSF analysis comparison 305, 306 diagnostic yield 302-7 evoked potential battery hit rate 304, 305 evolution index 303 pending diagnosis group 305 tests 303

INDEX

exacerbating-remitting, copolymer I effect 147-50

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) causes 39 cell-mediated immunity 36 chronic relapsing and MS 29,30-7 copolymer I effects 144 humeral immune response 35 linoleic acid protection 182 monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies 72-4 MS similarity 3,29 myelin breakdown 392 S-l00 protein detection 392-5 suppression 37

evoked potential battery, neurological disease diagnosis 305, 306

eye movement disorders, MS and optic neuritis 432

family study 352, 354 fatty acids see also polyunsaturated

serum levels linoleic acid treatment 179 marine oil and marine oil diet in MS 94 MS 186, 187

serum pattern and marine oil composition 93, 95

flexor reflexes 215-18 components 215 increased and spasm 216 spasm counting 216 spinal pathways 215 stretch reflex 217 threshold stimulation 216

flicker fusion test 388 flight of colours-test

normal values and MS 301 origin 300 procedure 300 visual evoked potential 301

FOG scores, immunoglobulin therapy 172, 173

frequency zones 454, 455 Friedrich's ataxia, essential fatty acids 193

gait ataxia 328, 329 ganglioside

clinical status of MS 50, 51 CSF and peripheral blood 50-2 sensitization and clinical status 51, 52

genetic factors 407; see also HLA experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and

MS susceptibility 31, 32 susceptibility gene 32

glial fibrillary acidic protein, autoantibodies and neurological disorders 70, 71

glycolipids, cerebral bound 53

486

SUBJECT INDEX

peripheral blood antibodies 48 role 48

Guillain-Barre syndrome CSF cell acid phosphatase activity 84, 85 myelin basic protein 43 T lymphocyte subsets 299, 301 transferrin-Tau ratio 67

heat symptom modification 309 visual evoked potentials 309-14

histological study 348 HLA antigens 15,171

DR2 55, 334-6 DW2 21 MS populations 31, 32 MS and twins 333-6 myelin lamellae attraction 356 optic neuritis 274 prognosis 105

Horner's syndrome, neurologic disorders and MS 296

humeral immunity see a/so immunoglobulin experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and

MS 35 intrathecal changes 10-14

Huntington's chorea 18,465 hydrocephalus aresorptivus, essential fatty

acids 193 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, MS onset

values 421 Hyperactive Children's Support Group 403 hyperactivity

laboratory test 403-7 maternal assessment 403 MS relationship 406, 407

hypersensitivity, immune responses 32, 33 hypothesis, current 347

ID cards, attitudes after diagnosis 377, 378 idiopathic polyneuropathy, blood-CSF

barrier idiotype-antiidiotype immune response 7, 8,

106 viral infection role 8

immune complex circulating

changes in MS 13 characterization 23 MS 20-2 MS activity 45

CSF binding 22 detection 11,21,41 immunoelectrophoresis 24-7 measles antigen isolation 25,26 myelin basic protein antigen 40-5 rabbit immunization 24-6

immune modulation and levamisole 410

immune reactions 3,4 immune system

chronic relapsing EAE and MS 32-5 components 33, 35 and hypersensitivity types 33

immunodepression 448 immunoelectrophoresis, immune complex

characterization 25, 26 immunoglobulin A (IgA)

CSF values in MS 10, II lympho-plasmapheresis 154

immunoglobulin E (IgE) CSF changes in MS II in IgG treatment 171

immunoglobulin G (IgG) acute optic neuritis, CSF production 279 brain antigen levels 398 CNS synthesis and lesions 195 CSF changes in MS 10-12

and plasmapheresis 158, 159 CSF and prognosis in optic

neuritis 278-81 high-dose prednisone and

intrathecal 195-200 index

abnormal cisternography 251, 252 diagnosis 262

intracerebral synthesis MS and optic neuritis 284 oligoclonal bands 284, 285

intrathecal, significance 105 isoelectric focussing 409 lympho-plasmapheresis 154 oligoclonal bands

anti brain antibody 17 MS 39 optic neuritis 283

synthesis detection 276 immunoglobulin G3, fraction reactivity in

MS 18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) infusions in acute

MS 166-74 FOG scores 172, 173 hazards 174 lymphocyte toxicity 166 preparation 167, 171

immunoglobulin M (IgM) CSF values in MS 10-12 lympho-plasmapheresis 154

immunological activity deficient or overactive 101, 102 enhancement 101

immunological disorders immunological treatments

assessment, Melsbroek Nijmegen 104

clinical trials 106, 107 history 101

487

105, 106 101-8

103

INDEX

immunoregulation, polyunsaturated fatty acid role 96

immunostimulation 448 immunosuppression

annual relapse rates 132, 133 anti-T cell antibodies 72-4 prophylactic 72, 73 pulse and maintained

cyclophosphamide 129-32 role in MS and EAE treatment 37 T cell subsets 202-4, 241-4 therapeutic 73, 74 treatment regime 203

Immuran 107 incidence data

bout frequency decline 112 clinical trial design 11 0-18 early onset and bout frequency 112 second bout, hazard function 112, 113 time intervals and bout distribution 112,

114 income changes after diagnosis 376, 377 incontinence

implantation devices 268 treatment 265-9

infectious disease 321; see also individual diseases

interferon activity in MS 55-8 peripheral blood leukocytes and MS 56

conA stimulation 56 disease progression 56 HLA-DR 2 57

treatment 107 inflammatory reaction, focal or

infiltration 108 in situ hybridization 463-8 intellectual impairment 342-5 interferential current therapy

bladder function 268 principle 267

interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor) 34

interleukin 2 (T cell growth factors) 34 IQ

assessment 343 premorbid and MS 343-5

isoelectric focussing CSF gamma globulins 409 intrathecal IgG synthesis 444

isophosphamide tolerance and toxicity 131 Italy

epidemiology of MS 454-8 prevalence rate 454, 456 reassessment, Barbagia 454-7

Kann- Versorgung 365 keyhold limpit haemocyanin 427-30

PVC plate absorption 460 kinestherapy after neurosurgery 28 kinetic perimetry test 297 KLiLL chain ratio 196

prednisone medication effects 199, 200 Kurtzke Disability Status Scale 107

azathioprine treatment 120, 121 benign MS 384 copolymer I use 149 linoleic acid treatment 176-82 transfer factor 164

laboratory tests 348-54 latitude 319 LED pattern reversal 422, 423 leukocytes, peripheral blood and HuIFN

response 55 levamisole and immune modulation in

MS 410 linoleic acid

deficiency 177 dose and formulation 177 inborn mishandling 347 serum and CSF determination 192, 193 treatment 176-82

evaluation 178, 179 groups 177 patient prOfiles 180 relapse rate 180 serum fatty acids 179

a-linolenic acid 91 therapy 357

lymphocytes see also Band T autoimmune disease 5 CSF cell culture and demyelination 247,

248 glycolipid sensitization in MS 50-3 manipulation and therapy 6 subpopulations 34

lymphocytopheresis 107 lymphoid irradiation 107 lympho-plasmapheresis 151-5

cell mediated immunity in progressive MS 416

clinical effects 152 immunity effects 154 miction troubles 153, 154 neurological tests 153 protocol 151, 152 self-assessment scores 153, 154

a2-macroglobulin 381-3

488

blood-CSF barrier selectivity 442, 443 crossed immunoelectrophoresis 254 diagnostic value 259-6 I microheterogeneity in MS 254,255,260

cause 261 incidence 255,260 MS activity 260

SUBJECT INDEX

macrophage electrophoretic mobility-linoleic acid depression test (MEM-LAD) 348, 349

macrophages and autoimmune disease 5 marine oil (Maxepax)

chromatogram 93 fatty acid composition 92 toxicity 97

measles 347 antibody titres in MS 7, 381-3, 463 antigen in immune complexes 24-7 epitope internal image 8 haemagglutinin image in sera 8 isolation 25 nucleotide sequences in plaques 463 plaque reduction test 26 polyclonal activators 5 virion structure 7

Melsbroek disability scale, transfer factor therapy 164

Melsbroek symposium, immunosuppressive treatment 102, 103

meningoencephalitis blood-CSF barrier permselectivity 445 CSF profile 169

mental changes 328, 330 meralgia paraesthetica 357 microtitre plates, antibrain antibody

absorption 459-61 miction troubles 154 mitogen response, defective 56, 58 monitoring 237-69 muscular stiffness, tizanidine efficacy 220,

221 myasthenia gravis

case history 337-9 MS association 337-9 myelin basic protein 43 treatment 337

mycoplasma-like bodies 474, 475 neurotoxicity 475

myelin basic protein (MBP) 29,47 antibodies in MS 40 antisera raising 460 auto-antibodies and neurological

disorders 70, 71 characterization of immune complexes 41 CSF 61

monitoring by radioimmunoassay 237-9

synovial fluid antibodies 427-9 demyelination 40 demyelination syndromes 238 EAE and MS 39, 40 electrophoresis 41,42,44 encephalitogenic 75 enzyme-immunoassay diagnostic

method 418

value 417-20 hypersensitivity 260 immune complex antigen in MS 40-5 in vitro immune complexes 42 MS brain extracts 459-61 MS clinical state 43 normal human serum binding 44, 45 preparation 237 radioimmunoassay 42, 44 serum fragments 80 viral conditions 43

myelin lamellae, electrostatic attractions 355 myelin sheaths, mechanical vulnerability 439 myelopathy, tizanidine assessment 226

natural killer activity in MS 55-8 HLA-DR 2 phenotypes 57, 58

neuromyelitis optica 357 neurosurgery, paraplegia 28 neuro-urological problems, diagnosis and

treatment 263-9 neutral proteinase

assay 77 azathioprine 79 dexamethasone 79 inactive MS 76, 78 MS clinical status 75, 76, 78 plasma eXchange 77, 78 polymorphonuclear in MS 75-80

Nijmegen workshop, immunosuppressive treatment 104

non-equilibratory signs 328, 330 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

tomography, lesion detection 31 numerical classification 327-32

autopsy data 328, 331 scoring system 328

nystagmus 328, 330 neurological disease and MS 297 types 297

occupation changes after diagnosis 375, 376 ocular signs of MS 292-8, 328, 329 oculo-motor paralysis and MS 296 oligodendrocyte scheme in MS 355 oligodendroglial damage 393

489

onset age

symptoms 328 twins 334

benign forms 385 early and bout frequency 112 5-HT and 5-HlAA values 421 signs 354

ophthalmological examination 368 optic neuritis 388

ophthalmological findings visual evoked potential comparison 423

optic atrophy number and MS 295 sheathing of retinal veins in MS 294

optic chiasma and ventriculo-cisternal pressure 438

optic examination 309; see also ophthalmic examination

optic nerve CT visualization 368-71 involvement 282 shape and optic neuritis 371

optic nerve bout extracranial and next bout interval 113,

116 intracranial and next bout interval 113,

115 optic neuritis 337

acute, IgG production 279-81 benign MS 278 corticosteroids 288 CNS involvement 273-7 CNS lesion detection 276 CSF findings in isolated 282-9 CSF IgG and prognosis 278-81 demyelinating disease 287 eye movement disorders 432 flicker fusion test 388 MS involvement 277 myelin basic protein 238 oligoclonal bands 283

and developing MS 284-6, 289 optic nerve shape 371 plagues 370 sex and MS development 289 toxic 284, 286, 287

pancreatic encephalopathy 362 paraplegia and neurosurgery 28 paradoxical pupillar dilatation 309 paresthesiae 328, 329 Parkinson's disease 465 Particle Counting Immunoassay

(PACIA) 11 pathophysiological profile 214 Pedersen Scale 137 perimeter scotomas, incidence in MS 297,

298 PGE2 test 348

and hyperactivity 404, 405 phenol, intrathecal 218 phenoxybenzamine and bladder

function 266, 267 phosphatides

acute and remissive MS 187,188,190 analysis 186 CSF in MS 189, 190 serum in MS 185-7

plaques 363 types and CT 370

INDEX

490

plasma exchange, PMN neutral proteinase effect 78, 79

plasmapheresis 107; see also lympho­plasmapheresis

CSF changes 157-9 PMN neutral proteinase levels 78

plasminogen, MS findings 381-3 platelet, antilymphocyte serum effects 137 platelet aggregation

ADP-induced, enhancement 89, 90 allergic encephalitogenic peptide 88-90 factor and release 89

PMN see polymorphonuclear leukocytes polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)

isolation 77 neutral proteinases and MS status 76

polyneuropathy, brain protein autoantibodies 70

polypeptide, synthetic see copolymer polyunsaturated fatty acids see also individual

compounds, marine oil deficiency in MS 176, 177

diet supplementation 176-82 role and MS 182 serum determination 93 serum levels and enriched marine oil 91-7 w-3 and w-6 91

immunoregulation 96 prednisone

and azathioprine antilymphocyte serum treatment 135-43

intrathecal albumin levels 197 intrathecal IgG production 195-200 KLiLL chain ratio 196, 199 serum IgG and albumin levels 196 therapy and prior IgG spectrum 198

prevalence study, Barbagia, Italy 454-7 prevention 357 prognosis

CSF IgG production in acute optic neuritis 279, 280

oligoclonal bands in optic neuritis 289 optic neuritis 387-90

progression index azathioprine treatment 122, 123 gradient 124

progressive disease combined therapy 135-43 lympho-plasmapheresis 154, 155

and cell-mediated immunity 416 progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy,

SV-40 probe 465-7 pursuit eye movements 275 pyramidal tract signs 328

questionnaire, case control study 320-3

SUBJECT INDEX

rabies postvaccinial encephalomyelitis 365 relaxing-remitting encephalomyelitis 366

radioimmunoassay (RIA) myelin basic protein 42, 237-9

sensitivity 238 Raji immune complexes 41

relapse rate antilymphocyte serum 139, 140 calculation 113-15, 117 therapy assessment 110-12

relapse-remitting progression, benign form 386

relationships, changes after diagnosis 374-6 remission 328

definition 329 remyelination stimulation 108 retrobulbar neuritis 350, 387

flight of colours-test 300, 301 rheumatoid arthritis 428 rhizotomy, selective posterior, paraplegia

rehabilitation 28 Rosen prosthesis 268 Rosenthal fibre reaction 363

S-I00 protein autoantibodies and neurological

disorders 70, 71 distribution 395 EAE 392-5 isolation and purification 393 rabbit CSF in EAE 394 source 394, 395

safflower oil, dose 192, 193 sarcoidosis 354, 356 Scharlach R granules 348 Schilder type sclerosis 362 serotonin, MS onset values 421 sexual dysfunction 269 sheathing of retinal veins

incidence and MS 293,294 neurological disease 293 -uveitis and MS relation 294

sigmoid sinus cerebral veins expansion 433 conductivity and volume in MS 436 diameters and MS 436, 437 terminal conductivity 435

skull volume measurement 435 smoking, E-UF A test effects 350, 353 social data 373-8 somatosensory evoked potentials

method 275, 303 transfer factor therapy 163, 164 urological problems 264

spasms, tizanidine effects 220, 221 spasticity

definition 222

feedback systems 222, 223 spinal column stimulation 230 therapy basis 219

spinal bout and next bout interval 113, 116 spinal cord

electrical stimulation 227-32 electrophysiological measurement 214 tension trajectory 438

spinal cord dysfunctions 213-32; see also spasticity

bladder reflex 217 clinical assessment 213 flexor reflex 215-18

spinal cord stimulation 227-30 conditions used 228 electrode placing 228 hypotheses 232 modification of dystonic conditions 228 result classification 229-31

subacute bacterial endocarditis, myelin basic protein 43

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) antiidiotype sera binding 8 CSF cell acid phosphatase activity 84, 86 demyelination and measles infection 27 heterogenic nuclear bodies 475 PMN neutral proteinase 76 viral nucleic acid 465, 466

subarachnoid haemorrhage, transferrin/Tau ratio 66,67

suppressor cells see T lymphocytes Sydenham's chorea 5 symptoms, classical MS 355 syndrome 356, 357 synovial fluid

antibody reactivity 429 antibrain antibody 427-30

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 339 myelin basic protein 43

Tau fraction 63; see also transferrin in MS and other conditions 66

thymectomy 107, 358 tizanidine 217

baclofen comparison 220 clinical antispastic experience 219 myorelaxant assessment 226 spasticity efficacy 220, 221 tolerance 222, 223 treatment duration 222 upper motor neurone syndrome 220, 221

T lymphocytes active 206

491

antibodies and EAE course in rats 72-4 avid and steroid treatment 206-8 CSF subsets and MS stage 206-9 helper

increased CSF levels 399-401

MS type and immunosuppression 241-4

neurological diseases 400, 401 helper-suppressor cell ratio (HSR) 202

immunosuppression 242 MS activity 243, 244 spinal fluid IgG 204

OKT antibody detection 34 subsets

immunosuppressive treatment 202-4, 241

MS type 241 in neurological disease 399-401

suppressor cells cytotoxic in MS and

immunosuppression 242, 243 deficit 105 detection 36, 37 role in disease 34

types and autoimmunity 3, 5 typing 105

transfer factor 107 administration 161 azathioprine comparison 448-53 disability assessment 449 double-blind treatment study 161-5 evaluations 162-5 lymphocyte populations 451,452 rosette forming variations 450 trial criteria 161

transferrin CSF and blood-brain barrier damage 68 properties and variants 63 -Tau ratio 65-8

MS and other conditions 66-8 total protein correlation 67

transudative profile 68 treatment 101-209, see also individual

therapies classical MS 357 recurrent ADEM 358

triamcinolone acetonide criteria for use 257 dose, intrathecal 257 tolerance 258

twins, HLA determination and MS 333-6 tymnodonic acids 91

in MS serum after marine oil 96

INDEX

492

ultrastructure ependymal cell, nuclear bodies 472 heterogenic nuclear bodies 472, 473 mycoplasma-like bodies 474 oligodendrocyte 473

Untoff sign 314 upper motoneurone syndrome, tizanidine

efficacy 220, 221 urethral closure mechanism 263 urethral sphincter, spasmolytic agents 267 Urilos napkin 264 urinary diversion 268, 269 urinary signs 328, 330 useless hand bout, next bout interval 113,

117 uveitis 294

vaccinations 321 bouts following 365

venous reflex and brain in MS 433-9 virus

nucleic acid in CNS 463-8 particle ultrastructure in MS 470-5 slow and MS aetiology 346 SV40 probe hybridization 465,467,468

visual evoked potentials 31 assessment 328, 329, 422-5 clinical MS status 422, 423 CT findings 371 DR latency and temperature 311-14 flash and pattern and visual field 424, 425 literature reports 422 methods 274, 310 ophthalmological findings 423 pattern reversal 303 P2 latency and temperature 311-14 prognosis 388, 389 room temperature 309-14 stimulation 310 subclinical lesion detection 424 transfer factor treatment 163, 164 value in optic neuritis 277

WeChsler Adult Intelligence Scale, assessment and MS 343-5

white matter involvement 348

zoster meningoencephalitis, CSF profile 169