النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

Academic Writing Task 1: Chart, Table, Graph, or Diagram

The language of change

Expressing movement

Direction Verbs Nouns

Rose (to)

Increased (to)

Went up (to)

Climbed (to)

Boomed

A rise

An increase

Growth

An upward trend

A boom (a dramatic rise)

Fell (to)

Declined (to)

Decreased (to)

Dipped (to)

Dropped (to)

Went down (to)

Slumped (to)

Reduced (to)

A decrease

A decline

A fall

A drop

A slump (a dramatic fall)

A reduction

Levelled out (at)

Did not change

Remained stable (at)

Remained steady (at)

Stayed constant (at)

Maintained the same level

A levelling out

No change

Fluctuated (around)

Peaked (at)

Plateaued (at)

Stood (at)

A fluctuation

Reached a

peak (of)

Reached at

plateau (at)

Describing the movement (degree of change)

Adjectives Adverbs

dramatic dramatically

sharp sharply

huge

enormous enormously

steep steeply

substantial substantially

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

considerable considerably

significant significantly

marked markedly

moderate moderately

slight slightly

small

minimal minimally

Describing the movement (speed of change)

Adjectives Adverbs

rapid rapidly

quick quickly

swift swiftly

sudden suddenly

steady steadily

gradual gradually

slow slowly

Expressing approximation

just under just over

well under well over

roughly nearly

approximately around

about

Referring to Chart, Table, Graph, or Diagram

As can be seen

from

in the

chart,

diagram,

table,

graph,

figures,

statistics,

...

It can be seen

We can see that ...

From

Table 1

Figure 2

it

can

may

be

seen

concluded

shown

estimated

calculated

inferred

that ...

the

figures

chart

diagram

As can be seen from

in

Table 1,

Figure 2,

Graph 3,

... It can be seen

We can see

The graph

Figure 1 shows that ...

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

Academic Writing Task 2: Advantages and disadvantages, Problems and Solutions or

Arguments

The strength of claim in academic writing

It can be argued that ...

It has been suggested that ...

Some would argue that ...

There is a view that ...

It is widely believed that ...

Most people consider that ...

It is generally agreed that ...

The consensus is that ...

Most would agree that ...

It seems clear, then, that ...

It is highly likely that ...

This appears to prove that ...

It is logical to conclude that ...

An important argument here is that ...

All the evidence points to the fact that ...

It may be the case that ...

It is possible that ...

One argument is that ...

There is some evidence that ...

It is, perhaps, the case that ...

Try out these structures in relation to any topics:

In recent years ...

It is very important to bear in mind that ...

There has been a great deal of discussion about ...

There is also a need to consider ...

To turn now to the problem of ...

On balance I would say that ...

It is worth remembering that ...

A useful starting point for this discussion is the problem of ...

It would perhaps be useful to try and identify the main reasons for ...

On the one hand ...; on the other hand ...

A further argument in favour of .......... is that ...

Introducing strike new measure is vital in tackling the......

Fines and penalties to keep the environment in balance

‘about’ ‘concerning’ or ‘on the subject of’

Not sure

2nd

agree

1st agree

Possibility

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

‘If’ ‘as long as’ or ‘provided that’

Examples for task 2

People should be allowed to carry guns

Abortion should be legal

The world would be better if all world leaders were women

Governments should not support religion

We should create a new world with no countries

People under thirty should not be permitted to marry

The government should not give money to help poor people

The death penalty is a good punishment for murderers

Should smoking be banned?

We are leaving an indelible footprint on the earth. Highlight ways in which we are

doing this and suggest ways in which we can lessen the impact of our footprint?

Only formal examinations, written or practical, can give a clear picture of students’

true knowledge and ability at university level. Continuous assessment like course

work and projects are poor measures of student ability.

Modern societies need specialists in certain fields, but not in the others. Some people

therefore think that governments should pay university fees for students who study

subjects that are needed by society. Those who choose to study less relevant subjects

should not receive government funding.

Young people in the modern world seem to have more power and influence than any

previous young generation.

In recent years some countries have experienced very rapid economic development.

This has resulted in much higher standards of living in urban areas but not in the

countryside. This situation may bring some problems for the country as the whole.

What are these problems? How might they be reduced?

People who travel to another country to live, work or study for a period of time often

suffer badly from homesickness. Why is this? What are the best ways to reduce this

problem?

Marriage provides a stable and secure environment for society, cohabitation is bad for

society.

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

Argument Essay

Recently, in many countries around the whole world, it has become an extremely

controversial issue that…………….…………………………………………………………....

……………………….Consequently, the concept of……………… has to be taken into

account. Therefore, for the purposes of this essay, I shall confine the discussion to some

arguments on the subject of…………………………………………………………………......

First and foremost, one group in favour of this proposal suggest that………………………….

………………………………………………………………………The opponents of this

proposal might argue that…………………….………………………………… This is at least

partially true, it seems clear, then, that …………………………………………………..……..

Obviously, there is also evidence to recommend that ……………………………………….…

…………………………………….Those who disagree with this proposal would take the

position that…...……………………………………………………………………………This

idea can be refuted by looking at the …………………………………………………………...

In conclusion, however, it is not doubtful that………………………………………………….

…………………..has a great deal of problems. These arguments, of course, are clear. So, the

answer, I feel, lies somewhere in the middle. To put it a different way, provided that the

government address the magnitude of this massive problem and its underlying the causes,

they can make a significant difference.

Intr

od

uct

ion

F

or

an

d A

gain

st

Con

clu

sion

النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

Problems and Solutions

Recently, in many countries around the whole world, it has become an extremely

controversial issue that…………….…………………………………………………………....

………………………..This must be stopped and proper solutions should be applied.

Therefore, for the purposes of this essay, I shall confine the discussion to some problems and

suggest some possible solutions.

Obviously a great deal of ways to cause this problem would be for people to

………………………………………………………This problem would certainly be true

that….………………………………………….Another way is that…………………………..

.………………………………………… It is, perhaps, the case that…………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Solving these problems is not easy. However, The key to reducing these problems

seems to lie in……….……+ing………………………………Equally important,…………….

………………....……………….............Perhaps.…………………..can be offered to people

to ………………………………………………A final effective solution to combat this

problem might be by………….+ing……………………………………………………..

In conclusion, however, it is not doubtful that………………………………………………..

……………………has a great deal of problems. These possible solutions, of course, are

clear. So, the answer, I feel, lies somewhere in the middle. To put it a different way, provided

that the government address the roots of this problem, perhaps the solution will come.

Pro

ble

ms

Solu

tion

s C

on

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In

trod

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النادي السعودي بمدينة

برمنجهام

Advantages and Disadvantages

Recently, in many countries around the whole world, it has become an

extremely controversial issue that…………………………………………………………....

……………………….Therefore, for the purposes of this essay, I shall confine the discussion

to some advantages and disadvantages on the subject of…………………...

First and formost, it is, perhaps, the case that………………………………………………

……………………………Equally important,…………………………………………………

……………………………It is certainly true that today……………………………………….

…………………………….

In spite of these benefits, there are, and should be, a great deal of disadvantages of...........

……………………………………Perhaps one obviously significant point is that……………

….………………………………....What is more,……………………………………………..

……………………………………It seems clear, then, that…………………………………...

……………………………………

In conclusion, however, it is not doubtful that………...………………………………………..

…………………..has a great deal of advantages and disadvantages. Some people emphasize

the benefits of………………………..………., while others stress the disadvantages. So, the

answer, I feel, lies somewhere in the middle. To put it a different way, provided that the

government address the magnitude of this massive problem and its underlying the causes,

they can make a significant difference.

Ad

van

tages

D

isad

van

tage

s

Con

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In

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