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Technical Papers

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HOWE MEMORIAL LECTURE

Howe Memorial Lecture

The Power of Steelmaking � Harnessing High Temperature Reactions to Transform Waste Into Raw Material Resources ........................................................................................................... 1 V. Sahajwalla, M. Zaharia, I. Mansuri, R. Rajarao, R. Dhunna, F. Nur Yunos, R. Khanna, N. Saha-Chaudhury, P. O�Kane, A. Fontana, C. Skidmore, P. Vielhauer, D. O�Connell, D. Knights

SAFETY AND HEALTH

Safety and Health

Innovative Approach to Industrial Lighting .................................................................................................................. 19 Kent Lewis, Edgardo La Bruna, Amy Ford, John Sundy

Electrical Safety Myths and Misconceptions .................................................................................................................. 27 James R. White

Hazard Protection Glass Design Specification for Use in Safeguarding Personnel Against Molten Metal Steam Eruptions ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Charles E. Tomazin, Paul Ennis, Randall P. Roudabush, Carrie E. Davis, Kirk A. Marchand

Achieving Operational Safety on Ladle Stirring With Automatic Gas Couplings ..................................................... 51 Christian Glössl, Wilfried Stroissnigg

The Synthesis of Standard Technologies to Create a Life Safety Solution Applicable to the Steel Industry ........... 57 Ernest Johnson, Tracey Countryman, Kevin Jackson, Christian Roth

ENVIRONMENTAL

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling in Environmental Applications

CFD Modeling of a Flooded Disc Scrubber .................................................................................................................... 63 Guangwu Tang, Hongchang Dang, Bin Wu, Theresa Obias, Jesse R. Santos, Richard E. Trzcinski, Chenn Q. Zhou

Water/Wastewater

Wastewater Treatment for the Coke Oven Batteries at U. S. Steel Canada Hamilton Works .................................. 73 Michael A. Thomson, Meint Olthof, Sam Shelby Jr., Andrew Sebestyen, Ronald Sejevick, Robert Bowman, Javed Iqbal, Roger Tristani

Efforts for Cooling Water Saving in a Steelmaking Facility ......................................................................................... 87 S. Cattarino, M. Colautti, S. Mansutti




Unique Filter Design for Heavy Industry Cooling Water ........................................................................................... 99 Marcus N. Allhands

Application of a Mercury Variance Plan of Study: A Case Study ............................................................................. 109 James Skubak, Mark Grabigel, Mark A. Amendola

ENVIRONMENTAL/COKEMAKING

Improvements in Byproduct Plants and Environmental

Investigation of Different Equipment Setups for Ammonia Wash and Desulfurization .......................................... 123 Frank Sowa, Michael Wolf

Effective Energy Utilization at the NCE Coke Plant in Japan ................................................................................... 137 Ryuji Sakata

Impact of Cokemaking Technology on a Steel Plant�s Carbon Footprint ................................................................. 141 Chris Sharp, Yakov Gordon, Sining Liu, Paul Towsey, Ian Cameron

ENVIRONMENTAL/IRONMAKING

Ironmaking Environmental

Modern Blast Furnace Gas Cleaning � A Report of State-of-the-Art Technology ................................................. 149 Franz Reufer, Christian Davidi

Characterization of Sinter Plant Emissions .................................................................................................................. 159 Guilherme Correa Abreu, Luciana Correa Magalhaes, Bernardo Enne Correa da Silva, Salustiano M. Pinto, Rinaldo Henrique Pedrini, Marcos Edgardo Suringar, Glenn C. England, Bruce E. Dumdei, Marco De Moura

Sorting Out the Hazards of Anhydrous Taphole Clays ............................................................................................... 169 Ryan A. Hershey, James W. Stendera, Glenn G. Biever

ENVIRONMENTAL/ELECTRIC STEELMAKING

Innovation in EAF Ventilation

Enhanced Capture of Mercury in Baghouse by Using Novel Filtration Media and Filter Design .......................... 175 Vishal Bansal, Robert W. Taylor, Pete Maly, Michael Johnson, Bryan Yetter

NOx Sources and Production in a Consteel Electric Arc Furnace ............................................................................. 185 Stephen Tullis, Ali Korabi, Ian Deeks

Low-Cost Offgas Combustion Enhancement to Improve Fume/Heat Control System Performance ..................... 193 Dejan Zrelec

Development of the Direct Evacuation Control System for Modern Electric Arc Furnaces ................................... 205 J. Belous, M. Marz

Optimization of Building Ventilation for Gerdau Beaumont Meltshop Using Physical Fluid Dynamic Modeling ...... 213 J. Belous, R. Anawate, J. Lahita




ENVIRONMENTAL/OXYGEN STEELMAKING

Oxygen Steelmaking Sustainability Programs

Flammability Limits for Oxygen Steelmaking Offgas Mixture and Their Implementation in a Steelmaking Shop .... 225 Yun Li, Gabriel Trefa

Flexible BF/BOF Technologies Designed to Produce Steel in the Most Efficient, Productive and Cleanest Way Possible When Using a Diverse Raw Materials and Energy Mix ....................................................... 239 D.J. Zuliani

COKEMAKING

Cokemaking New Technologies

A Review on Stamped Charging of Coals ..................................................................................................................... 253 Jorge Madias, Mariano de Córdova

Methodology for Cokemaking Technology Selection for Operating Conditions and Expansion of Iron and Steel Works ............................................................................................................................... 263 Yakov Gordon, Rick Brown, John Busser, Michiel Freislich, Ian Cameron

Coal and Coke Quality

Predictive Model for Blending Coking Coals Part 1: Western Canadian Coals ...................................................... 273 Ross Leeder, Ka Wing Ng, Louis Giroux, Tony MacPhee, Cornelis Kolijn

Relationship Between CSR/CRI and Coal Properties via Principal Component Analysis Approach .................... 283 Ka Wing Ng, Louis Giroux, Tony MacPhee, Barry Ryan, John Price, Ross Leeder

The Petrography of Metallurgical Coke ....................................................................................................................... 293 David E. Pearson, Richard A. Pearson, Yuekan Jiao, Hee Kyoung Park

Influences on Bulk Density and Its Effect on Coke Quality and Internal Gas Pressure .......................................... 307 Drazen Gajic

Cokemaking Process Control

Coke Wet Quenching Moisture Reduction Aid ............................................................................................................ 321 N. Morrison, U. Turunc, N. Arumugam

Reliable and Maintenance-Free, Radio-Based Positioning System for Coke Plant Battery Cars at U. S. Steel Canada, Hamilton Works ................................................................................................. 329 Thomas Boric, Edgardo La Bruna, Fernando Marsonet

Retrofitting Coke Oven Pressure Control Without Stopping Production ................................................................. 335 Giovanni Siri, Winfried Faust, Leon Herrell

Coke Size and Shape Characterisation for Bed Permeability Estimation ................................................................. 343 Ka Wing Ng, Louis Giroux, Tony MacPhee, Ted Todoschuk, Cornelis Kolijn

The Improvements of the Coal Moisture Control System in a Cokemaking Plant .................................................. 355 Der-Her Wang, Ming-Tzai Hung, Chao-Wen Chen




IRONMAKING

Blast Furnace Operations

The Best Way to Blow-In of Blast Furnace: Definition, Philosophy, Theory and Practical Approach .................. 367 Michael A. Alter, Charles C. McGovern

Curse to Cure � The Utilization of Titanium-Bearing Products in Blast Furnace Ironmaking ............................ 381 Stuart Street, Charles Copeland, Elizabeth Worral

Development of Channeling Prediction System for a Blast Furnace ......................................................................... 405 Jia-Shyan Shiau, Chi-Chung Wang, Chung-Ken Ho, Che-Hsiung Tung

Raw Materials

Blast Furnace Value-In-Use Model and Its Application for Iron Ore Processing .................................................... 413 Michiel Freislich, Harry Brunger, Leigh Harris, Yakov Gordon

Influence of Coke Breeze Positioning on the Sintering Behavior of Pellets and Raw Material Bed With Embedded Pellets .................................................................................................................. 423 Takahide Higuchi, Yuji Iwami, Yosuke Kuriki, Koichi Nushiro, Michitaka Sato, Nobuyuki Oyama

Guidelines for Selecting Pellet Plant Technology ......................................................................................................... 435 M. Huerta, I. Cameron, K. O�Leary, J.M. Mourão, U.V. Medeiros

Characterization of Different Lump Ore Brands According to Industrial-Scale Process Conditions by Means of Reducibility Testing and Morphological Investigation ...................................................... 447 M.B. Hanel, H. Mali, J.F. Schenk, F. Hauzenberger, C. Thaler, H. Stocker, M. Skorianz

Refractory Applications

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Applied to Hot Blast System Design ......................................................................... 457 Attilio M. Colangelo

Advanced Stoves Operation at voestalpine Stahl Donawitz With SIMETAL BF VAIron ...................................... 471 Arno Habermann, Alexander Marout, Harald Fritschek, Thomas Kronberger, Martin Schaler

Accommodating Iron-to-Carbon Interface Issues in the Blast Furnace Hearth ....................................................... 481 Albert J. Dzermejko

Design Improvement and Repair of Internal Combustion Chamber Stoves ............................................................. 497 Hani El Kassas, Martin Gantenberg, Eric Schaub, Johannes Münzer

Comparison of Different Systems of Hot Blast Stoves ................................................................................................. 509 Martin Gantenberg, Eric Schaub, Ralf Allmannsdörfer, Alexander Klima

Alternate Ironmaking

Process Development of a New DRI Technology for Oolitic Iron Ores ..................................................................... 519 V. Hernandez, K. Peake, A. Dalvi, R. Brown, J. Olurin, T. O�Farrell, M. Zhou, B. Liu, I. Cameron

Technological Solutions for Intensive Production of Low-Silicon Hot Metal in Blast Furnace Processing Vanadium Containing Titania-Magnetite ......................................................................... 527 Sergei Zagainov, Sergei Filatov, Yakov Gordon, Olga Sobianina




Comparison Between Some Processes for Production of Hot Metal .......................................................................... 537 Márcio Fernandes da Cunha Rodrigues, Júnio Augusto Rodrigues Pasqual, Paulo Santos Assis

The Calderon Unique Process for Making Direct Iron and Steel ............................................................................... 551 A. Calderon

Injection

Fundamental Evaluation of Natural Gas Co-Injection With Coke Oven Gas or Coal ............................................ 559 Louis W. Lherbier Jr., Michael F. Riley

Numerical Simulation of the Co-Injection of Natural Gas and Pulverized Coal in Blast Furnace ......................... 573 Yan Chen, Dong Fu, Chenn Q. Zhou

Brazilian Potential of Biogas Use as Fuels in Metallurgy: Process, Management and Costs ................................... 581 Kerlly Oliveira Calixto, Carolina Ávila Martins, Máximo Eleotério Martins, Paulo Santos Assis

CFD-Simulation of the Blast Furnace Process: Injection of Heavy Oil and Plastic Particles Into the Raceway ....... 595 C. Maier, C. Jordan, C. Feilmayr, C. Thaler, M. Harasek

Effect of Blocking Oxygen Burner on Temperature Distribution in the Freeboard of COREX Melter Gasifier by Introducing a Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model ............................................. 609 Kaiping Du, Shengli Wu, Mingyin Kou, Jing Sun

Equipment and Devices

No-Bell Top Proves Its Reliability in Service ............................................................................................................... 619 M. Schwob, F.-J. Irnich, S. Buzga

Accurate and Flexible NDT Measurements of Copper and Cast Iron Stave Thicknesses in the Blast Furnace ....... 629 Afshin Sadri, Barry Hyde, Brad Dempsie, Koorosh Mirkhani

Development and Application of Blast Furnace Burden Surface Profile Visualization Technology ...................... 637 Zhengkai Gao, Jianliang Zhang, Yuanxing Zhu, Chuanhui Li, Lei Wan, Tai Gao

Torpedo Ladle Positioning System Using Artificial Vision System ............................................................................ 643 Mariano Zecchi, Edgardo La Bruna

Dry Slag Granulation � The Environmentally Friendly Way to Making Cement .................................................... 649 Ian J. McDonald, Andrea Werner

Blast Furnace Modeling

Model for Real-Time Prediction of Cohesive Zone Shape and Location Inside a Blast Furnace ............................ 657 M. Guha, S. Rai, M.K. Agarwal, R.V. Ramna

Development and Application of Discrete Element Charging Burden Model for Blast Furnace ............................ 665 Chung-Ken Ho, Shan-Wen Du, Chi-Seng Chou, Che-Hsiung Tung

Evaluation of Using Tire Waste Into Charcoal or Coke Blast Furnaces ................................................................... 675 Alex M.A. Campos, Amanda Cristina Gonçalves, Natália Chaves Almeida, Gemirson de Paula Reis, Carlos Frederico Campos Assis, Paulo Santos Assis




Other Burden Materials

Use of Hot Briquetted Iron Made From Low-Grade Iron Ore Pellets in a Blast Furnace ...................................... 685 Thomas Battle, Urvashi Srivastava, Mark Boedecker

Circular Pelletizing Technology � A Revolutionary Solution ................................................................................... 691 Christoph Aichinger, André Fulgencio, Bernhard Hiebl, Reinhard Redl, Hans Stiasny

ELECTRIC STEELMAKING

EAF Performance Improvements I

Next-Generation EAF Optimization at ArcelorMittal Dofasco Inc. .......................................................................... 697 Marshall Khan, Suresh Mistry, Vittorio Scipolo, Stanley Sun, Stephen Waterfall

Evraz Pueblo Best Practice Operation With SIMETAL EAF Ultimate Technology � Seven Years of Records in the Making ......................................................................................................................... 707 Dave Ellis, Valerie Varick, Markus Abel, Thomas Daum

Determination of the Intrinsic Value of Ore-Based Metallics ..................................................................................... 717 Jeremy A.T. Jones

EAF Optimization and Energy Recovery

Meltshop Yield and Heat Size Improvements at ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor � Long Carbon ........................ 725 Murali M. Collur, Bruce A. Webb, Randy R. King, Ideraldo L.B. Cruz, Fred A. Jaicks, Marssal V. Victorino, Jim L. Bulfer, Bill A. Cravens, Nick A. Mundo, Don K. White

Electric Arc Furnace Process Optimization at ArcelorMittal Point Lisas ................................................................ 735 Alexandre Rail, Ashraf Hanna, Ronnie Partapsingh, Matthias Madey

Productivity Benefits in the Electrical Steelmaking Process by Means of Reactive Power Compensation ............ 745 A. Owens, A.J. Persson, R. Grünbaum

Green Technologies for Higher Energy Efficiency in Electric Steelmaking .............................................................. 753 Martin Fleischer, Jörg Schwörer, Jan Lückhoff

Novel Solutions for Arc Furnaces

Benefits of EAF Bottom Purging Systems .................................................................................................................... 761 Marcus Kirschen, Ashraf Hanna, Karl-Michael Zettl

Safe and Productive Electric Arc Furnace ................................................................................................................... 769 Stefano Miani, Alessandro Fornasaro, Luca Gemo, Mauro Milocco

Breakthrough Technology for Real-Time Water Detection in EAF Steelmaking .................................................... 781 Doug Zuliani, Vittorio Scipolo, Ovidiu Negru, Marshall Khan

EAF Performance Improvements II

DC EAF Modernization With Siemens Metals Technologies Fin-Type Anode ......................................................... 791 Thomas Handrich, Michel Huck, Markus Abel, Peter Petrov

How Changes in Scrap Mix Affect the Operation of Consteel® EAF ......................................................................... 795 Francesco Memoli, Jeremy A.T. Jones, Federico Picciolo




OXYGEN STEELMAKING

BOF Productivity

Application of Thermodynamic Analysis for Developing Strategies to Improve BOF Steelmaking Process Capability ............................................................................................................ 809 Kinnor Chattopadhyay, Sunil Kumar

Slag Splashing Practices and Basic Oxygen Furnace Lining Recommendations ...................................................... 821 Ashraf Hanna, Thomas Kollmann, Hans Joerg Junger, Alexander Cepak

Steel Shop Themodynamic and Logistic Model Development as a Process Engineering Student Training Method at V&M do Brasil ............................................................................................................... 829 Stephano Papadopoli Tonelli Piva, André Amaral, Dione Moreira Araújo, Ronaldo Santos Sampaio

Systematic KOBM Process Control Based on Offgas Information ............................................................................ 839 Dongsheng Liao, Stanley Sun, Kevin Boylan, Mike Sohm, Neal Pyke

BOF Chemistry

Strategic Planning for Desulphurization in Integrated Steel Plants .......................................................................... 851 S. Kumar, J. McGinty, K. Chattopadhyay, V. Hernandez, Y. Gordon

Low-Cost Scrap Does Not Low-Cost Steel Make ......................................................................................................... 865 Sara A. Hornby

Effect of Blow Parameters in the Mixing Time Using Physical Model of BOF Converter ...................................... 875 Breno Totti Maia, Ronan Almeida Faustino, Gustavo Abreu, Bernardo Costa, Roberto Parreiras Tavares

Phosphorus Removal in Oxygen Steelmaking: A Comparison Between Plant and Laboratory Data .................... 889 A.N. Assis, R.J. Fruehan

Blow Practices and Endpoint Prediction

Advanced Blowing and Stirring Conditions in the BOF Process ............................................................................... 897 Hans-Jürgen Odenthal, Pavlo Grygorov, Markus Reifferscheid, Jochen Schlüter

Introducing the BOF Blowing Process Model � A Tool for Practice Improvement ............................................... 911 Diancai Guo, Darrell Swickard, James Bradley

A Novel Data-Driven Prediction Model for BOF Endpoint ........................................................................................ 923 Jochen Schluter, Hans-Jürgen Odenthal, Norbert Uebber, Hendrik Blom, Katharina Morik

OXYGEN STEELMAKING/MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY

BOF Maintenance

Life Extension of BOF Lower Hood at U. S. Steel Canada�s Lake Erie Works via Engineering and Design Changes ............................................................................................................................ 929 Samar K. Saha, David J. Radakovic, Thomas A. Walden

Innovative Solutions to Drive Sustainability � An Overview of Latest Developments by Siemens VAI Metals Technologies ................................................................................................................................. 939 Andreas Flick, Gerard Fliegel




SPECIALTY ALLOY AND FOUNDRY

Melting and Casting of Specialty Steels and Alloys

Process Optimisation Model for FeMn and SiMn Production ................................................................................. 951 E. Jipnang Njamen, P. Monheim, H.J. Oterdoom, H.J. Odenthal, J. Schlüter

Riser Sleeves .................................................................................................................................................................. 959 Tyler J. Schnieter

Automatic Ingot Mold Cleaning and Its Value for Ingot Casting ............................................................................ 967 Michael Pillwax, Heinz Rumpler, Leonhard Paar

Design and Application of Advanced Semi-Automated Ingot Teeming Systems .................................................... 975 Christian Redl, Stellan Hammarqvist

Evolution of Secondary Inclusions During Electroslag Remelting Process ............................................................. 983 Cheng-bin Shi, Han-jie Guo, Xi-chun Chen, Xiao-lin Sun

LADLE AND SECONDARY REFINING

Inclusion Engineering and Clean Steels Plenary Talks

An Overview of Steel Cleanliness From an Industry Perspective ............................................................................ 993 E.B. Pretorius, H.G. Oltmann, B.T. Schart

Methods of Quantifying Non-Metallic Inclusions and Assessing Steel Cleanliness � Part I

Effect of Submerged Entry Nozzle Design on the Distribution of Inclusions in Cast Products ............................ 1027 C. Capurro, J. Copola, S. Ferro, C. Cicutti

Correction of Matrix Effects on Microanalysis of Calcium Aluminate Inclusions ................................................. 1037 P. Chris Pistorius, Arshey Patadia, Jeeyoung Lee

The Behavior of Inclusion Components in High-Aluminum and High-Silicon Steels ............................................ 1045 Wouter Tiekink, Aart Overbosch, Pieter Broersen, Rob Kooter, Bert van Arendonk, Marco Rijnders

Improvement of the Sampling Methodology for the Cleanliness Measurement in the Liquid Steel Stage .......... 1051 F. Ruby-Meyer, S. Evrard, M. Vergauwens, P. Balland

Use of an Inverse Algorithm for 2D to 3D Particle Size Conversion and Its Application to Non-Metallic Inclusion Analysis in Steel ...................................................................................... 1061 Simon N. Lekakh, Vivek Thapliyal, Kent Peaslee

Development of an Inclusion Characterization Methodology for Improving Steel Product Cleanliness ............. 1069 Sunday Abraham, Justin Raines, Rick Bodnar

Impact of Inclusions and Impurities on Product Performance

Effect of Rare Earth Oxides in Plain Carbon Steels .................................................................................................. 1085 R. Tuttle

The Effects of Inclusions on Fatigue Performance of Steel Alloys ........................................................................... 1095 K.O. Findley, R.L. Cryderman, A.B. Nissan, D.K. Matlock




Inclusions and Their Behavior in Ultrahigh-Strength Steels .................................................................................... 1105 Mark A. Rhoads, Jon R. Groh, Xishan Xie

Effect of Oxygen on the Interfacial Tension of Liquid Fe ......................................................................................... 1117 Joonho Lee, Yunkyum Kim, Joongkil Choe, Majid Abbasi

Methods of Quantifying Non-Metallic Inclusions and Assessing Steel Cleanliness � Part II

Development and Application of a Remelt Method for Rapid Collection and Observation of Inclusions ........... 1123 Howard M. Pielet, Scott Schuldt

Three-Dimensional Investigation of Large-Size Inclusions and Clusters in Steels by Using Electrolytic Extraction Technique .................................................................................................................... 1139 Andrey Karasev, Yanyan Bi, Pär G. Jönsson

In-Situ Observation of the Formation and Interaction Behavior of the Oxide/Oxysulfide Inclusions on a Liquid Iron Surface ............................................................................................................................ 1147 Pengcheng Yan, Muxing Guo, Bart Blanpain

Fundamentals for the Formation of Mg-Al-Ti-O Compound Inclusions in Steel ................................................... 1159 Ying Ren, Shusen Li, Lifeng Zhang, Shufeng Yang, Wen Yang

Slag-Metal Interactions and Steel Cleanliness

The New Continuous Casting Machine at ArcelorMittal Temirtau (Kazakhstan) ................................................. 1167 Do an Ertas, Paolo Turolo

LADLE AND SECONDARY REFINING/CONTINUOUS CASTING

Controlling Non-Metallic Inclusions and Impurities During Steelmaking, Refining and Continuous Casting � Part I

A Thermodynamic Model and Database of Oxysulfide Inclusions Containing Ca-Mn-Si-Al-O-S ....................... 1179 Rongxun Piao, Dae-Hee Woo, Hae-Geon Lee, Youn-Bae Kang

Kinetic Model to Predict the Change in Chemical Composition of Inclusions During Ladle Treatment ............ 1191 A. Harada, N. Maruoka, H. Shibata, S. Kitamura

Control of Ca-Containing Inclusions in Al-Killed Steel Grades ............................................................................... 1201 Scott R. Story, Riad I. Asfahani

Slag-Metal Interactions and Steel Cleanliness

Mold Slag Entrainment Mechanisms in Continuous Casting Molds ....................................................................... 1215 Lance C. Hibbeler, Brian G. Thomas

Model Studies on Slag Metal Entrainment in Gas-Stirred Ladles ........................................................................... 1231 A. Senguttuvan, G.A. Irons




LADLE AND SECONDARY REFINING/METALLURGY � STEELMAKING AND CASTING

Controlling Non-Metallic Inclusions and Impurities During Steelmaking, Refining and Continuous Casting � Part II

Inclusion Engineering and the Metallurgy of Calcium Treatment .......................................................................... 1243 Sunday Abraham, Rick Bodnar, Justin Raines

Tundish Design at Steel Dynamics Butler Flat Rolled Division for Improved Steel Cleanliness .......................... 1259 Anthony Bader, Kyle Vanover, Amy Woods

Controlling Non-Metallic Inclusions and Impurities During Steelmaking, Refining and Continuous Casting � Part III

Inclusion Control Model in Ladle Metallurgy Furnace ............................................................................................ 1273 Jorgelina Pérez, Gordon A. Irons

Effect of Ce Addition on the Formation Behavior of Inclusions in Stainless Steel Melts ....................................... 1285 Joo Hyun Park, Sun Kuk Kwon

Characterization of Non-Metallic Inclusions and Micro-Porosity in Steel: Forged Ingots, Centrifugal and Net Shape Castings .................................................................................................. 1293 Jianxun He, Kent Peaslee, Von Richards

Comparison of Three Approaches to Al-Si Deoxidized Steel and Al-Killed Steel .................................................. 1301 Jia Tan, P. Chris Pistorius

Inclusion Characterization and Cleanliness Assessment for High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steels ............................ 1313 Paul Chao-Peng Wu, Yindong Yang, Guifang Zhang, Alex McLean

CONTINUOUS CASTING

Caster Mold Flow Improvement Through Mold Level Control

Effect of Electromagnetic Braking (EMBr) on Turbulent Flow in Continuous Casting ....................................... 1323 R. Singh, B.G. Thomas, S.P. Vanka

Distribution of Defects in Slab and Suppression of Unbalanced Flow by Electromagnetic Brake in Continuous Casting Mold ................................................................................................ 1337 Kouhei Furumai, Yutaka Matsui, Takesi Murai, Yuji Miki

Bulging and Waving � Difficult Challenges for Automatic Mold Level Control .................................................. 1343 Silvio Cecchini, Robert Zirkl, Michael Pillwax

Slidegate Dithering Effects on Transient Flow and Mold Level Fluctuations ......................................................... 1351 Rui Liu, Brian G. Thomas, Love Kalra, Tathagata Bhattacharya, Aloka Dasgupta

Long Products � Quality Improvements

WAVE Mold for Billet Casting Applications ............................................................................................................. 1365 Ian A. Bakshi, Martin Garcia, Don P. Lorento

A Fluid Flow and Steel Intermixing Study of a Round Billet Mold ......................................................................... 1373 Ken Morales-Higa, R.I.L. Guthrie, M. Isac, Rodolfo D. Morales, Chantal Labrecque, Francis Lapointe




Continuous Casting New Technology

HD Mold � Caster Assistance Systems to Increase Product Quality ...................................................................... 1385 J. Wans, D. Lieftucht, C. Geerkens, M. Arzberger, M. Reifferscheid

CSP® Casting Technology � The Most Innovative, Flexible and Reliable Technology to Meet New Market Demands ................................................................................................................ 1393 Jürgen Müller, Christian Geerkens, William H. Emling

Caster Process Improvements for Quality

Analysis of Directly Measured Heat Transfer Coefficients During Special Experiments to Provide Better Understanding of Secondary Cooling During Continuous Casting Process .................................. 1401 Jaroslav Horsky, Jana Ondrouskova, Rudolf Moravec, Kenneth Blazek, Hongbin Yin

Initial Alumina Formation: Some Additional Thoughts Based on Laboratory and Steel Plant Findings ............ 1411 Wouter Tiekink

Effects of Dezincification on Continuous Caster Spray Nozzle Assemblies ............................................................ 1417 A.M. Dalley, T.T. Natarajan, R.M. Koenig, E.K. Borges

FEM Analysis of Soft Reduction Amount and Its Internal Reduction Efficiency for Continuous Casting Railway Blooms .......................................................................................................................... 1427 Ke Liu, Haibo Sun, Peng Lan, Jiaquan Zhang

Laser Alignment of United States Steel Corporation�s Gary Works No. 2 Caster ................................................. 1439 R.M. Koenig, B.J. Brannum, J.L. McConnell, T. Domelle, M.O. Falk, K. Ferguson, M.E. Anderson, K.E. Brown, T.T. Natarajan

CONTINUOUS CASTING/METALLURGY � STEELMAKING AND CASTING

Caster Mold Technologies

Analyses of Phase Formation and Its Effect on the Thermal Resistance of Mold Flux .......................................... 1451 K.L.S. Assis, P.C. Pistorius

The Effects of Fluid Flow on Flux Entrainment in a Square Billet Mold ................................................................ 1461 Ken Morales-Higa, R.I.L. Guthrie, M. Isac, Rodolfo D. Morales, Chantal Labrecque, Francis Lapointe

A Novel Concept for Improving Slab Casting Performance Using Mold Thermal Analysis ................................. 1473 S. Kumar, V. Hernandez

Study of Elevated Temperature Mechanical Properties of Steel .............................................................................. 1483 J. Semenak, P. Zahumensky, T.J. Piccone, T.T. Natarajan

Effect of Hydrogen on Mold Heat Removal at a Rounds Caster .............................................................................. 1497 T.J. Piccone, M. McClymonds, K.H. Hashimoto

Morphology, Soundness and Segregation Improvement of Bloom Castings by Using Swirling Flow Nozzle ...... 1509 Haibo Sun, Yang Li, Jiaquan Zhang, Qingwen He, Liming Fan




CONTINUOUS CASTING/COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Slab Caster Modeling Aspects for Quality Improvements

Advanced Simulation of Mold Flow Influenced by Static and Moving Magnetic Fields ....................................... 1519 Norbert Vogl, Hans-Jürgen Odenthal, Markus Reifferscheid, Jochen Schlüter

Metallurgical Behavior of the Ultrathick-Slab Continuous Casting Mold .............................................................. 1531 Feng Pan, Heibo Sun, Jiaquan Zhang

CONTINUOUS CASTING/MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY

Continuous Casting Maintenance Technology

Pulling the Four Levers of Reliability in a Continuous Caster Operation .............................................................. 1539 Larry D. Frey, Charles P. Kuntz

Continuous Improvement of Mold Life at Severstal Columbus ............................................................................... 1549 George Gurley, Kamalesh Mandal, Doug Woods, Peter Sally, Mark Pole

CONTINUOUS CASTING/REFRACTORY SYSTEMS

Caster Refractory for Yield, Productivity and Quality

Stopper Rod Dithering Trials at ArcelorMittal Dofasco�s No. 1 Continuous Caster ............................................. 1557 Stephen Daeyoung Chung, Joydeep Sengupta, Mehrnoosh Afnan

HOT SHEET ROLLING

Hot Rolling Quality and Efficiency Improvements

Shape Performance Improvements at ArcelorMittal 80-Inch Burns Harbor Hot Strip Mill ................................ 1567 Aislan Costa, Brian J. Warnock, Gordon Book, Jeffrey A. Cox, Robert J. Capehart Jr.

Eliminating Bottom-Side Surface Scratches at the ArcelorMittal Burns Harbor 80-Inch Hot Strip Mill ........... 1577 Thomas M. Mayrosh, Aislan Costa, John Cahill, Billi J. McDowell, Roy L. Grinnell Sr.

Efficiency of �Secondary� Actuators of Flatness and Crown Control in the Finishing Stands of the Hot Strip Mill ........................................................................................................................ 1587 E. Nikitenko

Study of Strip Tension of Coiling Wide Heavy-Gauge Strip .................................................................................... 1591 Qiulin Yu, Andy Seibert




HOT SHEET ROLLING/PLATE ROLLING

Hot Plate and Sheet Discussions

Reheat Process Control Using Three-Dimensional Thermal Slab Model ................................................................ 1601 John E. Pond, Hamilton Woods, Virginia Woods

Steel Plates Made of Hot Band as an Economic Alternative to Plate Mill Products .............................................. 1609 Hans Georg Hartung, Lutz Kümmel, Kerry Winklhofer, Caesar Sasse

HOT SHEET ROLLING/ROLLS

Roll Shop and Hot Mill Advancements

The Effect of Strip and Roll Surface Temperatures and Rolling Campaign Length on Hot Strip Surface Quality ............................................................................................................................................. 1617 Zafer Koont, John J. Fitzpatrick, David J. McCaw

ChatterBlock® � Siemens VAI�s Solutions for Vibration Detection, Prediction, Analysis and Control ............ 1625 Arnaud Bizard, Karl Mayrhofer, Geog Keintzel, Lukas Pichler, Alois Koppler, Jürgen Hofer

Residual and Load Stresses on the Final Load Situation for Work and Backup Rolls for Strip and Plate Mills ... 1635 Michael Hinnemann, Paul Josef Mauk

Advanced Roll Bite Lubrication Techniques for Improving Roll Life and Making Quality Improvements ....... 1645 James E. Murphy III

COLD SHEET ROLLING

Cold Mill Improvements

Minimum Quantity Roll-Gap Lubrication System � Field of Large Potential to Reduce Your OPEX .............. 1655 Konrad Krimpelstatter, Andreas Flaxa

Correct Torque Limitation and Driveline Optimization ........................................................................................... 1663 Daniel Myrgren, Sigvard Weisbjerg, David Bergström

Cold Rolling Technologies

Multivariable Shape Actuation Capabilities Envelopes of Vertical-Stack Mills ..................................................... 1665 Mark E. Zipf

Lubrication in the Cold Rolling Process Described by a 3D Stribeck Curve .......................................................... 1681 B.A.F. Smeulders

A Semi-Analytical Solution of von Karman Rolling Equation With Infinitely Rigid Rolls � Part I ................... 1691 Remn-Min Guo

A Semi-Analytical Solution of von Karman Rolling Equation With Roll Indentation � Part II ......................... 1703 Remn-Min Guo




Pickling and Continuous Annealing Technologies

Descaling Effectiveness and Saving Energy of i Box® Pickling Technology Confirmed by Numerical Analysis ....... 1715 Kosei Tsuji, Akihiko Sasaki, Yoichi Kai, Ryusuke Nakatsuka

Development of Improving of Surface Qualities by Jet Spray Technology ............................................................. 1727 Koji Sakuragi, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Komura

GALVANIZING

Advances in Metallic Coated Sheet

The Effect of Heating Rate on AlN Formation in High Aluminum Content Fe-Al Alloys ..................................... 1735 June Bott, Hongbin Yin, Seetharaman Sridhar

Interfacial Layer Formation in a Zn-23Al-0.3Si Galvanizing Bath ......................................................................... 1747 Madhu Ranjan, Wim J. van Ooij

Study of Microstructure for Chromium-Free Passivating Coating on Hot-Dipped Galvanized Steel .................. 1755 Ching-Kuo Kuo

PLATE ROLLING

Plate Rolling Operating Improvements

A Review of Benchmark Performance in Plate Mill Process Control ...................................................................... 1763 J. Lee, R. Döll, B. Schmidt, M. Miele, M. Clark, M. Chalmers

Shape and Crown Control Optimization With Integrated Automation for Reversing Hot Mills Lacking Sufficient Crown Control Devices ............................................................................. 1775 C.C. Folkman

Requirements on Automated Manifest Flatness Measurement ................................................................................ 1785 Pär Kierkegaard

PLATE ROLLING/METALLURGY � PROCESSING, PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS

Enhancing Steel Plate Properties Through Metallurgical Control

Control of Plate Thermomechanical Properties Using MULPIC® Plate Cooling Technology .............................. 1799 I. Robinson, M. Hulley

Efficient Production and Enhanced Quality in Plate Rolling ................................................................................... 1807 Wolfgang Spies, Detlef Ehlert, Jürgen Lemke

Transport Director � Complete Mill Simulation, Ghost Rolling and Optimized Mill Sequencing Control ....... 1817 Paul Jackson, Wlodzimierz Filipczyk

Study on Cooling Uniformity for the Accelerated Cooling Process in Hot Rolled Steel Plate ............................... 1827 Wei Lo, Cheng-Tian Chian, Min-Shu Lin, Chao-Fa Ke




ROD AND BAR ROLLING

Automation and Electrical Mill Upgrades

Automation Control System for Different Solutions of Modern Roughing Mill ..................................................... 1835 Marco Capitanio, Roberto Migliorati, Arondi Stefano

Most Modern SBQ Production Technology ............................................................................................................... 1845 Guenther Schnell

Maintaining Bar Quality in the Rolling Mill

Quality Improvement of Billet for Wire Rods ............................................................................................................ 1853 Daisuke Michishita, Yoshiyuki Udo, Michio Ono, Toshifumi Idesako

Improvement in Billets Weighing Accuracy ............................................................................................................... 1859 Seiji Okamoto, Yoshinari Takamiya, Yoshihiro Otagaki, Katsuyuki Isogami

Importance of Control Strategy for Oxy-Fuel Burners in a Steel Reheat Furnace ................................................ 1869 Shailesh Gangoli, Gregory Buragino, Xiaoyi He, Erdem Arslan, Peter Verdermae, Reed Hendershot, Alex Slavejkov, Fred Bellis, Larry Bellis, James McCarthy, Roy Cross

Complex Profile Gauging ............................................................................................................................................. 1875 Paul John Stuart Pugsley

Modernization Solutions for Long Product Rolling Mills to Increase Productivity, Utilization and Product Quality ................................................................................................................................... 1883 B.V. Kiefer, S.M. Shore

Long Products: Pass Design, Rolling and Productivity

New Rolling Stands for Long Products Rolling Mills ................................................................................................ 1891 M. Tomba, M. Zuccato, A. Fontanini, N. Tomba

A Rolling Model for the Three-Roll Rolling Process ................................................................................................. 1899 Christian Overhagen, Paul Josef Mauk

PIPE AND TUBE

Pipe and Tube Testing

Constraint-Modified Charpy-Sized Fracture Toughness Specimens for Line Pipe Testing .................................. 1913 M.P. Manahan Sr.

General and ERW Pipe

Barcode Identification of Pipes and Tubes ................................................................................................................. 1923 David L. Anderson

Q&T Processes for OCTG ........................................................................................................................................... 1933 B. Anderson

Advantages of Using FAAST-II (Fast Automated Angle Scan Technique) for Ultrasonic Testing in Production of Seamless Pipe .................................................................................................... 1941 J. Micha Koelbach, Volodymyr L. Naida, Vladimir N. Gurianov, Philippe Coperet




Radio-Based Distance and Positioning Systems Applied to Tracking and Safety Applications in the Tubular Industry .............................................................................................................. 1949 Dirk Brunnengraeber, Edgardo La Bruna

Seamless Pipe

The Development of Water Based Lubricants for the Production of Seamless Pipe .............................................. 1959 P. Gandy

Increased Heating Throughput and 63% Less Fuel With Flameless Oxy-Fuel at Michigan Seamless Tube � Seamless Tube & Pipe, South Lyon, MI ..................................................................... 1967 Tom Sleder, Les Whitver, Grzegorz Moroz, David R. Stoffel, Amanda Guzman, Anders Carlsson

ROLLS

Roll Surface � Rolled Material Interaction, Roll Material and Production Technologies

Latest Developments of a New Technology HSS Work Roll for Later Stands (F4�7) in Hot Strip Mill Finishing Trains ................................................................................................................................... 1977 Nozomu Oda, Paul Fleiner, Toshiyuki Hattori

Multi-Scale Finite Element Modeling and Microstructural Evaluation of Centrifugally Cast High-Speed Steel Finishing Rolls ................................................................................................ 1985 K.V. Redkin, J.S. Vipperman, C. Hrizo, R. Schleiden, C.I. Garcia

New Grade of Material With Improved Wear Resistance for Finishing Stands in a Universal Mill .................... 2001 Giri Rajendran, Ian Sadler, Kevin Danner

Development of Materials for the Making of Rolling-Mill Rolls for Hot Strip Mills ............................................. 2009 Marcos Machado Matsumoto, Claudia Regina Serantoni, Luiz Carlos Silidônio Jr., Juan Garcia Noguera, Mario Boccalini Jr.

Fracture Mechanics-Based Acceptance Criteria of CVC Rolls of Hot Strip Mill ................................................... 2019 Yuli Liu, Hui Zhang, Bruce Somers, Kevin Marsden, Andrew Freborg

Roll Shop Technologies

Indefinite Chill Work Roll Microstructure Influence on Eddy Current Test Response ........................................ 2033 Peter B. Nagy, Christopher M. Hrizo, Richard B. Gundlach

New Developments for Roll Shops ............................................................................................................................... 2049 Giovanni Boselli, Marco Cozzi, Paolo Gaboardi, Davide Quaglia, Erasmo Trenti

METALLURGY � STEELMAKING AND CASTING

Steelmaking Injection Technologies

Effect of Blow Parameters in the Jet Penetration by Physical Model of BOF Converter ...................................... 2059 Breno Totti Maia, Rafael Kajimoto Imagawa, Clayton José Batista, Ana Clara Petrucelli, Roberto Parreiras Tavares

Secondary Refining Optimization by Applying Ar-Gas Bottom Bubbling Auto-Control System ........................ 2075 Dong Ryoul Min, Choon Ho Jung, Kwang Yeol Kim, Frank L. Kemeny




Analysis of Splash Data from Oxygen Steelmaking ................................................................................................... 2083 Shabnam Sabah, Geoffrey Brooks, Jamal Naser

ASIS Aluminum Injection Technology � Reduced Aluminum Consumption for Primary Deoxidation ............ 2095 A. Robert Necciai

Evaluation of BOF Slag Applied in Foaming Practice .............................................................................................. 2105 Leandro Santini, Jorgelina Pérez, Ariel Rapetto, Edgardo R. Benavidez, Elena Brandaleze

Tundish Design Improvements

Advanced SEM Methodology for Tracking Reoxidation in the Tundish ................................................................ 2113 Roger Maddalena

Some Ignored Aspects During Melt Transfer From Ladle to Tundish .................................................................... 2123 Kinnor Chattopadhyay, Jack Young

Optimization of Grade Transitions at the Caster ...................................................................................................... 2135 I. Nikiforovski, T. Xu

Effect of an Optimized Impact Pad on Molten Steel Quality in a 4-Strand Delta-Shaped Tundish ..................... 2143 A. Kaiser Hamid, Mihaiela Isac, R.I.L. Guthrie

Slab/Bloom Mechanical Behavior

Mechanism Linking Austenitic Grain Size to Sliver Formation on Hot Rolled Coils at ArcelorMittal Dofasco ..... 2155 Elliot Biro, Joydeep Sengupta, Manh-Kha Trinh, Eva Dillon, David Colbert

METALLURGY � PROCESSING, PRODUCTS AND APPLICATIONS

Product Metallurgy and Quality I

The Development of X120 Line Pipe Steel Hot Rolled Coil ...................................................................................... 2165 Xiaodan Wu, Yutian Wang

Inclusion Determination in Steel ................................................................................................................................. 2175 M. Tillemen, A. Goncalves

Microstructural Characterization of Grey Iron ......................................................................................................... 2183 JP Arul Mozhi Varman

Product Metallurgy and Quality II

Modernization and Energy Efficiency of HPH Bell-Type Annealing Plants ........................................................... 2189 Peter Wendt, Frank Maschler, Thomas V. Bovalina

Effect of Process Design and Operation on the Thermal and Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ......... 2201 V. Hernandez, K. Sunil

Carburizing of Steel ...................................................................................................................................................... 2213 Jaleel Kareem Ahmad

The Effects of Prior Austenitic Grain Size and Martensitic Hardness on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 4340 Steel .... 2223 Mobbassar Hassan Sk, Ruel A. Overfelt, Jeffrey W. Fergus, Barton C. Prorok




ENERGY AND UTILITIES

Energy Utilization in the Meltshop

EAF Heat Recovery Down to 200°C � A New Benchmark ..................................................................................... 2235 Carsten Born, Ralf Granderath

Meltshop Baghouse Fan Blade Upgrade Project ........................................................................................................ 2241 Mark Drymalla, Adam Spece, Chad Prior, Dick Rappolee, Fred Preis

Energy Usage and Management Throughout the Steel Process

Optimized Energy Management and Planning Tools for the Iron and Steel Industry .......................................... 2249 Klaus Lachmann, Bing Wang, Yong Huang

Regenerative Burner vs. Oxy-Fuel Retrofits on Reheat Furnaces

EVRAZ Claymont Steel Pusher Reheat Furnace 100% Oxy-Fuel Conversion ...................................................... 2259 Reed Heine, Bill Taylor, Ed Gee, Danielle Todd

Regenerative Firing vs. Oxy Fuel Firing: An Applications Approach ..................................................................... 2265 Steven J. O�Connor

Tenova Regenerative Flameless Burners on California Steel Industries� New Walking Beam Furnace ............. 2279 Massimiliano Fantuzzi, Jared Kaufman

ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS

Switchgear Improvements

The Benefits of Intelligent Motor Control in the Metal Making Process ................................................................ 2291 David C. Mazur, John A. Kay, Kenneth D. Mazur

Extend the Life of Existing Switchgear ....................................................................................................................... 2301 Miklos J. Orosz

New Approaches for Maintenance Grounding in Medium-Voltage Switchgear .................................................... 2309 Joe Richard, David Mabius

Evaluation of Operating Reactance to Have Optimum Utilization of Electrical Power in EAF ........................... 2317 Sajal Dam, Juan Ramon Fernandez Jorge, T. Nagarajan, Bipin Richharia, Milind Ranade, Alok Jaiswal

Modern Sensor Systems

Precise, Accurate and Reliable Thickness Measurement of Metal Strip With Contact Gauge in Cold Mills in the 21st Century ...................................................................................................... 2323 Libor Jaks, Robert Karasek

Position and Camber Measurement in the Hot Rolling Process: EMG hotCAM ................................................... 2329 Guido Eichert, Steve Devorich

2D Blast Furnace Top Gas Temperature Measurement System � SOMA ............................................................ 2339 M. Tonteling, M. Brodeck, H. Rausch




Protection and Substation Systems

A Consideration of Medium Voltage Substation Primary Applications .................................................................. 2349 Joe Richard, James K. Stacy

Electrical Protection HMIs for Metals Applications Utilizing the IEC 61850 Protocol ......................................... 2357 Michael E. Rourke, David C. Mazur

Combining Static and Dynamic Testing � Preventing a Motor Catastrophe ........................................................ 2369 Noah Bethel

Electrical and Drive System Upgrades

HD Mold � A New Fiber-Optic-Based Mold Monitoring System ........................................................................... 2373 Dirk Lieftucht, Markus Reifferscheid, Thomas Schramm, Artemy Krasilnikov, Dieter Kirsch

Increasing Mill Production by Using Medium Voltage AC Drive and Active VAR Compensation ..................... 2383 Marcelo Lara, Steve Nelko, Katsuhiko Fukuma, Hiromi Hosoda

Preparing Your Electrical System for Disaster Recovery ......................................................................................... 2395 Chad Kennedy

Repower of the Nucor Decatur Tandem Cold Mill .................................................................................................... 2403 J.C. Fernandez, Thomas Kerstiens, Lee McCreless, Thomas Richards, Marcelo Lara, Katsuhiko Fukuma

Modern Sensor Systems Sequel

Investigation of Analytical Stability of Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer in Decarburization Application .......... 2417 Charles W. De Carlo

Dither, a Necessary Evil � Phase 2 ............................................................................................................................. 2427 Aloka Dasgupta, Love Kalra, Kai Zheng, William Umlauf

Real-Time Torque Monitoring at North Star BlueScope Steel ................................................................................. 2439 Daniel Philips, Keith Hoffman, Chris Davis, Eleazar Serrano

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Modeling and Simulation

Combining Product Property Prediction Software and Metallurgical Level 2 Model for New Product Development ......................................................................................................................... 2449 Bingji Li

Novel Advanced Control for Tandem Hot Metal Sheet Rolling ............................................................................... 2451 John Pittner, Marwan A. Simaan

Process Communications and Operator Interaction

Innovative Approach to Apple Platform-Based HMI and Level 2 Systems ............................................................ 2465 Mariano Zecchi, Edgardo La Bruna




Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) in the Metals Industry

A Framework for Selecting the Most Appropriate Manufacturing Execution System (MES) for the Metals Industry ................................................................................................................................................. 2473 Kevin Jackson, Christian Roth, Roberto Resque de Freitas

Challenges of Integration Between MES and ERP Systems in the Steel Industry .................................................. 2487 Hooman Fazlollahi, Omair Qayyum, Jaber Howlader, Ali Khademi, James Gu

PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Project Excellence Award Paper Session

Upgrade of the Burns Harbor Plate Mill Heat Treat Facility ................................................................................... 2495 M.L. Frankovich, B.C. Felton, V. Baum

Capital Project Insights

Leveraging Engineering Data Management to Improve Capital Projects .............................................................. 2505 Amy M. Callahan, Greg Anderson

MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY

Maintenance and Reliability

Optimizing Hydraulic Descaler Performance Through Improved Monitoring and Maintenance ....................... 2517 David Matthews, Wanda Melfo, Lene Hviid, Didier Farrugia, Paul Yates, Frank Hijne

Over-Voltage Transients in the Secondary Side of EAF Transformers .................................................................. 2527 Marcelo Murta G. Cardoso

Reliability Achievement Awards

2012 Silver Reliability Achievement Award Winner: Reducing Descale Pressure and Flow Improves Reliability While Maintaining Descale Effectiveness ...................................................................... 2539 Jason C. Vicari

2012 Gold Reliability Achievement Award Winner: A Practical Engineering Approach to Improving the Reliability of Blast Furnace Tuyeres ................................................................................................. 2545 Charles Copeland, Stuart Street

LUBRICATION AND HYDRAULICS

Lubrication

Studies of Microporous Polymeric Lubricants in the Steel Industry ....................................................................... 2565 Amy Minck Lachman, Brandon M. Collins, Franklin H. Guzzetta, Alan J. Heckler

Optimization of a Cold Mill Rolling Oil for Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel ......................................................... 2571 James DiLonardo, Carl Kennedy




REFRACTORY SYSTEMS

Steelmaking Refractories

New Refractories and Nanotechnology: Challenges of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Steelmaking .............. 2579 Guilherme Frederico B. Lenz e Silva

Latest Developments in Magnesia-Carbon Bricks for Modern Electric Arc Furnace ........................................... 2583 Gerald Buchebner, Ashraf Hanna, Karl-Michael Zettl

MATERIAL HANDLING/PACKAGING, SHIPPING AND TRANSPORTATION METHODS

Material Handling

Guarding Equipment .................................................................................................................................................... 2593 Paul Vandergeest

Inventory Management System for Slab Tracking .................................................................................................... 2599 Gordon Kilgore, John Burnett

Material Handling: Focus on Safety With the Customization of Lifting Devices and Plant Wide Evaluations ...... 2609 John Novak, Kirk Rounds, Larry Arnold

CRANES

Cranes

Taper Wheels Should Not Be on EOT Cranes! .......................................................................................................... 2621 Charles A. Totten

A Study of an Improved Overhead Crane Wheel Flange Lubrication System ....................................................... 2631 Alan J. Heckler, Brandon M. Collins, Amy Minck Lachman, Franklin H. Guzzetta, Thomas Coyle




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