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Transcript of Pdf version of euapps4 us.pdf industrial revolution
ANA LUISA DE LIZ - POL ARQUIMBAU - ZENGHAO JIANG
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1750-1840
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS INCREASE IN PRODUCTION
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE USE OF MACHINES AND CHARACTERISED BY
THE USE OF NEW ENERGY SOURCES. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
MARKED A MAJOR TURNING POINT IN HISTORY: ALMOST EVERY
ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE WAS INFLUENCED IN SOME WAY.
WHAT DO WE OWE TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
=+Mortality decreases Birthrate increases Population growth
1. DEMOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION IN THE UK
England‘s population doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850 and, by 1901, it nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.
2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
OPEN FIELDS ARE TRANSFORMED INTO
CLOSED FIELDS BY THE ENCLOSURE ACTS:
B) FARMERS LEAVE TO GROWING CITIES
A) MORE BENEFITS FOR OWNERS, BUT FARMERS
LOSE COMMUNAL LAND TO FARM IN
(They were made private)
DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
EVERYONE ELSE
FARMERS
3. ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
COLONIES AND INVESTMENT IN
COMMERCE
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM=
• Private property (land and capital)
• No interference of the state in the productive system
• Free market regulated by the law of supply and demand
}PARLIAMENTARY
MONARCHY
AND
TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH Cotton came from the British colonies (America and India)
With the big amount of cotton that was imported, new ways were needed to produce thread, therefore threading machines were created:
Water frame (It worked with hydraulic energy and produced 8
spindles of thread per hour)
Spinning Jenny (8 spindles of thread per
hour)
They were created before the steam engine
THE STEAM ENGINE
The steam engined machine was created by James Watt in 1776. This supposed and enormous change in the production activities, machines worked faster. This machine is regarded as the main symbol of the industrial revolution. It contributed to the new invention of this revolutionary time.
TEXTILE INDUSTRY GROWTH
Spinning mule (It worked with steam
power and produced 64 spindles of thread per
hour)
In 1776 the steam powered machines started to work and the last innovation in threading machines used this new resource:
The production of thread increased heavily so 2 weaving machines were created, that improved in
productivity with time
Flying Shuttle (could make wider pieces of
clothing)
Power Loom (Works steam engine and was the most advanced of its time)
They were created after the steam engine
COAL REVOLUTION
The main source of energy during the
Industrial Revolution was coal
Many of the factories concentrated close to the coal mines
Development of the steel and metallurgic
industries
Need to transport the coal and the steel
more efficiently TRANSPORTS REVOLUTION
TRANSPORTS REVOLUTION 1. Creation of a fluvial channel and canal system
2. Radial roadway around London
3. Creation of wagons and railways. CONSEQUENCES
Easier transportation
of heavy metals
Reduction in the price of
final products
Improvement and more
incentives in production
Growth of commercial
activity
4. Steam boat. It made overseas commerce easier and faster
SOCIAL CLASSES THAT EMERGED
The social classes in the Industrial Revolution were based on financial status
or a person’s profession / working situation.
Proletariat (factory workers)
and farmers
Middle class: qualified workers (doctors, lawyers...)
and industrial technicians
High class: industrial
businessman and
bourgeoisie
LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS
High alcoholism and smoking habits among
men.
Dirty and dark streets
Fast spreading of disease
Constant and disorganized
growth of slums
Bad hygienic conditions at
home
WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE WORKING CLASS
Absence of trade unions or pensions
Low wagesStrict discipline ,
corporal and economic
punishment
Inexistent aid for unemployed and
sick people
Long working hours with very little break time
CHILD LABOR
Children were an essential part of income for their
homes
Children did not often go to school
They received only the necessary
education to work
They were often paid less than
men and women
They started working at 5-7 years old and worked for
14- 16 hours per day
WOMEN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
They were paid less than men
even thought they worked the same
or harder.
They worked mainly in textiles
factories and domestic service
They had double work: at
their homes and the factory
work.
IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATESThe First Industrial Revolution was the one that happened between 1750 and 1840.
James WattHe invented the steam machine.
This invention was the “BOOM” of industrial growth.
It was first put to work in 1776
Adam SmithWas the main theorist of classical
liberalism, based on private property and free market without
the intervention of the state.
MORE IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND DATES
Robert FultonInaugurated in 1807 the
steam boat Clermont , that made the New York - Albany trajectory in only 32 hours.
George Stephenson He built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use
steam locomotives: the Liverpool and Manchester Railway that
opened in 1830.
The most imposing ideas that flowered to denounce the situation of the workers, were later included in the birth of labor movement. They were postulated by:
Karl Marx Elaborator Marxism or scientific socialism
together with Friedrich Engels. Marxism based its theories on the struggle between the social classes that emerged
during the Industrial Revolution and proposed a violent conquest of power by the
proletariat.
Mikhaïl Bakunin He defended spontaneous
rebellion of the people against the capitalist society and the state with anarchism. The main objective was the destruction of the
social order and the state’s control instruments (police, army, government)
“The motor of history is class struggle” - Karl Marx "Freedom without Socialism is privilege and injustice; Socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality " - Mikhaïl Bakunin
INDUSTRIALISATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES
NORWAY
The most industries have been since
then; fishery, metal and chemical/
technical industries
Norway followed the “ripple effect of
industrialisation” that characterised this
time
Great advances were made in agriculture
during the 18th century and full
industrialisation happened from mid
19th century onwards
TURKEY Turkey’s industrialisation began after the
establishment of the Turkish Republic
(1923)
The main industries that developed since
then have been textile, glass, ware and
furniture
SPAINSpain only started industrialising in the mid 19th century
The most developed areas were two:
The shipping industry was also
important
Catalonia in the textile industry, following the British model of
machines
The Basque Country where the metal industry was predominant, making use of the mines in the
north of the country
LITHUANIA
Lithuania was a major supplier of specialized military and industrial technology to the Soviet Union
while under its control.
Lithuanian people enjoyed one of the highest standards of living in the Union. Especially on farms, goods became visibly more abundant and life grew more comfortable during
the early 1970s.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS1.What was the Industrial Revolution?
a) An increase in production brought about by the use of machines
b) A time in which new energy sources started being used
c) A and B are correct
2.Where did it start and how long is it considered to last for?
a) It started in China and lasted from 1780 to 1870
b) It started in the UK and it lasted from 1750 to 1840
c) It started in the UK and it covers the period from 1750 to 1870
3.What were the main three causes for this Revolution to happen?
The Demographic, the Agricultural Revolution and the Economic
Liberalism.
4. How did the population come to grow?
The population growth was caused by a decrease in the mortality and an
increase in the birth rates
5.What were the two consequences of the enclosure acts?
The landowners would earn more Money but the people that depended on the
land had to leave the rural areas and go to the growing cities.
6. What type of monarchy was there in England at the time?
a) Parliamentary monarchy
b) Absolute monarchy
c) Elective monarchy
7.What was the first industry to go through the revolution?
a) The metallurgic industry
b) The textile industry
c) The transports industry
8.Which were the 3 basic principles of economic liberalism?
- Private property (land and capital)
- No interference of the state in the productive system
- Free market regulated by the law of supply and demand
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS9.Who invented the steam machine and in which year?
a) James Watt in 1776
b) Adam Smith in 1770
c) James Watt in 1788
10.What was the main source of energy in the Industrial Revolution?
a) Petrol
b) Water
c) Coal
11. Which as the main reason for the Transports Revolution?
a) To transport coal and steel more efficientlyb) To encourage people to foreign placesc) To get all the cities communicated
12. Which was the first improvement in the transports industry?
a) Radial roadway around Londonb) The creation of a fluvial channel and canal systemc) Creation of wagons and railways
13. What was the final consequence of the invention of the railway wagon?
a) Increases the price of the final productb) Needed more time to transport the materialc) Growth of commercial activity
14. What were the social classes based on?a) Financial status or a person’s professionb) The hours of workingc) The family you were born, you couldn’t change your social class
15. Which new social classes emerged?a) The middle class and the proletariatb) The proletariat and the bourgeoisiec) The bourgeoisie and the middle class
16. Who integrated the middle class?a) The businessmen with less powerb) Qualified workers and industrial techniciansc) The proletariat
17. Name 2 living and 2 working conditions of the working class2 living conditions:-Bad hygienic conditions at home-Dirty and dark streets
2 working conditions:-Long working hours with very little break- Low wages
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS18. Why didn’t children go to school during the Industrial Revolution period?a) Because they were educated at homeb) Because there was a lot of children at home and there wasn’t enough money to educate them allc) They had to contribute to the family’s income
19. In which industries did women generally work in?a) They did not workb) They were only doing domestic servicec) In textiles industries
20. When did the first locomotive make its first trip?a) (1859) Between London and Manchester b) (1830) Between Liverpool and Manchester c) (1900) Between Liverpool and Manchester
21. What was Marxism based on?a) Establishing an absolute monarchyb) Establishing a parliamentary monarchyc) In the struggle between social classes
22. What did anarchism propose?a) Spontaneous revolutionb) Destruction of social orderc) A and B are correct
Extra questions:23. Which were the industries developed in Norway?a) Fishing, metal, chemical industriesb) Nuclear, metal, fishingc) Hydraulic, steel, fishing
24. Which industries have become the most important in Turkey since industrialisation?a) Textiles, glassware, furnitureb) Fishing, metal, chemical industriesc) Textile, fishing, glassware
25. What industries developed in Spain?a) Textile, railway, fishingb) textile, steel, chemicalc) Textile, maritime, metal
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS26. What paper did Lithuania have industrially during the period of the Soviet Union?a) Military and technologicalb) Nuclear and textilesc) Marine and textiles
27. What do we owe to the Industrial Revolution? * Watch the video again *
28. Are the social classes of the Industrial Revolution still “standing today”?Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a factor
of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle and poor class.
29. What are the inventions from the industrial revolution that we still use today or have been improved upon?- Public education- Cinema- The electric motor- Antibiotics
30. Considering the technological changes we adapt to every day, do you think we're undergoing a 3rd industrial revolution?Yes due to the following factors:•The change to renewable energies •The conversion of buildings into energy plants•Rechargeable batteries and other energy-storing techniques.•Transports based on electrical vehicles, chargeable hybrids •Technology has made a 360° spin and its daily evolution is spectacular (IT revolution, 3D printing, smartphones...)
The industrial revolution caused a change in the social, economic, political and lifestyle of mankind, due to the invention and implementation of large-scale machines.Job performance increased and production costs decreased, which provided a tremendous growth in the wealth of the industrialised nations.All in all, we owe so much to the Industrial Revolution as 90% of our daily life is marked by it.
Yes. Classification of people depending on their capital is still a factor of nowadays. Today we distinguish in society: rich, middle and poor class.