PCUSN Refeerence Manual

Wireless Service Provider Solutions

PCUSN Reference ManualPE/DCL/DD/0091 15.05/EN Standard September 2004411--9001--091

< 91 > : PCUSN Reference Manual

Wireless Service Provider Solutions

PCUSN Reference ManualDocument number: PE/DCL/DD/0091

411--9001--091Document status: StandardDocument issue: 15.05/ENProduct release: GSM/BSS V15.0Date: September 2004

Copyright © 1999--2004 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved

Originated in France

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL:

The information contained in this document is the property of Nortel Networks. Except as specifically authorized inwriting by Nortel Networks, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential andshall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation,operation and maintenance purposes only.

You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or inany form without prior written consent of Nortel Networks.

The following are trademarks of Nortel Networks: *NORTEL NETWORKS, the NORTEL NETWORKS corporate logo,the NORTEL Globemark, UNIFIED NETWORKS, BSC6000, S2000, S4000, S8000.GSM is a trademark of France Telecom.

All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential iii

PCUSN Reference ManualCopyright © 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

PUBLICATION HISTORY

System release : GSM/BSS V15.0

September 2004

Issue 15.05/EN Preliminary

Created Chapter 6 for CR Q00978704

May 2004


Incorporated Feature 26394 information to Section 4.1.5 (GPRS Sleepy cells Step1)

Incorporated Feature 27095 information to Section 4.1.6 (Dynamic Agprs &EDGE)

March 2004


Incorporated SME review comments

January 2004

Issue 15.02/EN Draft

The following feature was incorporated:

13897: Asynchronous BTS--PCU interface

December 2003


The following features were incorporated:

18749: PCUSN—more than 12 Agprs PCMs per BSC (step 1: up to one fullPCUSN shelf per BSC)

19174: EDGE dynamic Abis and Agprs backhaul

System release : GSM/BSS V14.3

Publication History Nortel Networks Confidentialiv

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091

Standard 15.05/EN September 2004 Copyright © 1999--2004 Nortel Networks

October 2003

Issue 14.09/EN Standard

August 2003


April 2003


Minor editorial update

January 2003



December 2002


Updated for the V14.3 system release (BSS)

September 2002


Related Documents paragraph update

August 2002


March 2002


Changed to Standard -- Minor editorial update

November 2001


Modification of Chapter 5 (Dimensioning rules are now described in NTP < 138 >).

Publication HistoryNortel Networks Confidential v


July 2001



September 2001


No update for 12.4C Customer Readiness release.

June 2001


Update after review

April 2001


The following change was made throughout the document:

Chapter 1 “Cabinet description”

• updated the description of multiplexor

September 2000


Update after internal review.

June 2000



updated for V12 system release

integrated the Passport 15K cabinet

integrated new PCUSN configurations

January 2000



Publication History Nortel Networks Confidentialvi

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


updated for V12 system release after internal review




November 1999




September 1999


Creation.

Table of contentsNortel Networks Confidential vii


About this document 0--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Applicability 0--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Audience 0--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prerequisites 0--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Related documents 0--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How this document is organized 0--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Regulatory information 0--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Cabinet description 1--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1 PCUSN in the GSM network 1--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 PCUSN physical characteristics 1--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.1 Generalities 1--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.2 PCUSN structure 1--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.3 Cooling mechanism 1--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2.4 Power supply 1--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3 Cabinet shelf layout 1--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3.1 One PCUSN shelf configuration 1--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3.2 Two PCUSN shelves configuration 1--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3.3 PCUSN shelf 1--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3.4 Termination and sparing panel shelf 1--21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4 Multiplexor 1--22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5 Cabinet cabling 1--25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5.1 Function processor board and termination panel 1--25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5.2 Power supply 1--25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5.3 Equipment grounding 1--26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.5.4 External alarm 1--27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Architecture 2--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1 Physical architecture 2--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.1 Control processor boards 2--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.2 Function processor boards 2--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.3 Termination panel shelf 2--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1.4 Internal interfaces 2--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 Functional architecture 2--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2.1 Functional unit organization 2--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2.2 Packet Control Unit (PCU) 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of contents Nortel Networks Confidentialviii

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


2.2.3 PCU Support Application (PCUSA) 2--16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3 Redundancy 2--16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Board description 3--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1 Control processor board 3--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1.1 Functional description 3--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1.2 Physical description 3--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Four-port DS1C function processor board 3--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.1 Functional description 3--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.2.2 Physical description 3--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.3 Four--port E1C function processor board 3--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.3.1 Functional description 3--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.3.2 Physical description 3--10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4 Two-port E3C AAL function processor board 3--15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.4.1 Functional description 3--15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.4.2 Physical description 3--15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.5 Two-port DS3C AAL function processor board 3--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5.1 Functional description 3--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.5.2 Physical description 3--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.6 PCU server processor 3--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.6.1 Functional description 3--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.6.2 Physical description 3--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Software description 4--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1 Software structure 4--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1.1 Packet Control Unit (PCU) 4--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.2 PCU Element 4--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.3 Cell 4--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.4 MS 4--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.5 GPRS Sleepy cells Step 1: Automatic Detection and Recovery 4--4. . . . . .4.1.6 Dynamic Agprs & EDGE: Joker handling algorithm 4--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.1.7 Network Service Element (NSE) 4--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2 Software distribution to hardware units 4--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.2.1 Packet Control Unit (PCU) 4--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Dimensioning rules 5--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 PCUSN Preventive maintenance 6--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.1 Summary 6--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2 Weekly Maintenance 6--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2.1 SPM Operation Status Check 6--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table of contentsNortel Networks Confidential ix


6.2.2 Standby cards status 6--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2.3 Check CP Sync--Status 6--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.2.4 Check PCUSN time 6--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3 Monthly Maintenance 6--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.1 PCUSN CP Card Cleaning 6--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.2 NMSUSER Rights checking 6--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.3 PASSPORT BUS status 6--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.4 Bus test 6--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.5 Redundant CP/E3C (DS3)/PCUSP Card Switchover 6--4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.6 Check of CP redundancy (No GPRS service impact) 6--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.7 Check of PCUSP redundancy 6--5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.8 Check of E3C redundancy 6--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3.9 PCUSN / MUX Visual Check 6--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4 Daily Maintenance 6--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4.1 PCUSN Faults / Alarms Check6--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4.2 BVC, Cell Consistency Check6--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4.3 GPRS Timeslot Check6--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.4.4 NSVC state Check6--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of figures Nortel Networks Confidentialx

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


Figure 1--1 Location of the PCUSN in the BSS network 1--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--2 PCUSN cabinet 1--9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--3 PCUSN shelf 1--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--4 PCUSN board assembly layout 1--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--5 Power supply 1--17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--6 DC shelf assembly 1--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--7 Cooling unit assembly 1--20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--8 E1/E3 multiplexor 1--23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 1--9 T1/T3 multiplexor 1--24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 2--1 PCUSN boards 2--2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 2--2 PCUSN hardware overview 2--12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 2--3 PCUSN OA&M I/F 2--13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 2--4 PCU function unit 2--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--1 Control processor board 3--4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--2 Four--port DS1C function processor board 3--6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--3 DS1C Termination panel pinout and signal names 3--9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--4 Four--port E1C function processor board 3--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--5 E1C termination panel pinout and signal names 3--14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--6 E3C AAL function processor board 3--16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--7 DS3C AAL function processor board 3--18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 3--8 PCU server processor board 3--21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4--1 Core PCU software architecture 4--1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4--2 PCUSN software mapping 4--8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 4--3 Hardware view of the mapped PCU 4--11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of tablesNortel Networks Confidential xi


Table 1--1 External alarm connector pinout of the PCUSN shelf 1--27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 3--1 Ethernet 10Base--T connector pinouts 3--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 3--2 V24 connector pinout and signal names 3--3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table 3--3 Pinout and signal names of the C0 connector 3--7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




List of tables Nortel Networks Confidentialxii

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PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

About this documentNortel Networks Confidential 0--1


ABOUT THIS DOCUMENTThis document describes the PCUSN (Packet Control Unit Support Node), whichis a component in the Base Station Subsystem (BSS).

Applicability

This document applies to the V.15.0 system release (BSS).

V15.0 features are not supported on the BSC2G. (BSC2G functionality is kept onBSCs running the 14.3 software load).

PCUSN is based on PCR 5.2.

Audience

This document is intended for operations and maintenance personnel and otherusers who wish to acquire a thorough knowledge of the PCUSN.

Prerequisites

We recommend that the reader become familiar with the following NTPs:

< 00 > : BSS Product Documentation Overview

< 01 > : BSS Overview

< 07 > : BSS Operating Principles

< 124 > : BSS Parameter Dictionary

< 125 > : Observation Counter Dictionary

< 129 > : OMC--R User Manual -- Volume 2 of 3: Configuration, Performance,and Maintenance menus

< 130 > : OMC--R User Manual -- Volume 3 of 3: Security, Administration,SMS--CB, and Help menus

NTP < 00 > contains a comprehensive glossary of BSS terms.

About this document Nortel Networks Confidential0--2

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


Related documents

The following NTPs are quoted in this document:

241--5701--005 Passport 7400, 8700, 15000 List of Terms

241--5701--030 Passport 7400, 8700 Overview

241--5701--200 Passport 7400, 8700 Hardware Description

241--1501--200 Passport 15000, 20000 Hardware Description

How this document is organized

Chapter 1 describes the layout and content of the PCUSN cabinet, as well as itscabling and power distribution.

Chapter 2 presents the PCUSN architecture and describes its physical structure,focusing on the functional architecture of the subsystems.

Chapter 3 describes the functions of PCUSN boards and also describes the frontpanel.

Chapter 4 lists PCUSN software entities and shows how they are installed on thehardware units. This chapter is a reference for personnel who install new versionsof software.

Chapter 5 describes factors governing PCUSN performance, includingdimensioning.

Regulatory information

Refer to NTP < 01 >.

Cabinet descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 1--1


1 CABINET DESCRIPTION

1.1 PCUSN in the GSM network

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a wireless packet data service that is anextension to the GSM network. The GPRS network infrastructure is implementedon the existing wireless infrastructure with the introduction of:

a new entity, the PCUSN, in the BSS network

a new network, the GPRS Core Network, added to the NSS network

The PCUSN is a separate node in the BSS (see Figure 1--1) that is used in orderto provide the specific packet processing (PCU) of the GPRS. It provides theinterworking function between the BSS and the GPRS Core Network. It isconnected to the BSCs via the Agprs interface and to the SGSN of the GPRS CoreNetwork via the Gb interface.

Cabinet description Nortel Networks Confidential1--2

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OMC--RGSM/GPRS

BSC

TCU

BTS

BTS

BTS

PCUSN

BSSGSM/GPRS

GPRSCORE

NETWORK

VOICE DATA

PSTN/ISDNPSTN

(Internet, X.25)

OTHERSNETWORKS

OTHERBSSs

GSM/GPRSSIGHLR

MSL/VLR

SGSN

GGSN

NSS

Figure 1--1 Location of the PCUSN in the BSS network



1.2 PCUSN physical characteristics

The PCUSN hardware was designed to meet certain objectives:

modularity, so that the PCUSN shelf can be customized to suit current oranticipated network requirements by adding specific assemblies as necessary

deployment of the PCUSN cabinet in both customer-premise equipment andcentral office environments

front access to replaceable assemblies

front display of all alarm LEDs and status indicators

systematic organization and management of a large number of cables and cabletypes

conformance to safety standards

1.2.1 Generalities

There are two types of cabinets associated with thePCUSN: thePassport 7K/8Kandthe Passport 15K VSS.

1.2.1.1 Passport 7K/8K cabinet

This cabinet exists in two configurations: the standard cabinet and the seismiccabinet.

A cabinet can house up two PCUSN shelves.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the standard PCUSN cabinet are:

height: 197 cm (78 in.)

width: 60 cm (24 in.)

depth: 60 cm (24 in.)

The dimensions of the seismic PCUSN cabinet are:

height: 197 cm (78 in.)



Weight

The weight of the standard PCUSN cabinet is 200.5 kg (441 lb).

The weight of the seismic PCUSN cabinet is 239.1 kg (526 lb).


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1.2.1.2 Passport 15K VSS cabinet

A cabinet can house a PCUSN shelf in the top part and a Passport 15K VSS shelfin the bottom part.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the PCUSN cabinet are:

height: 212.5 cm (84 in.)



Weight

The weight of the PCUSN cabinet is 395 kg (562 lb).



1.2.2 PCUSN structure

The PCUSN is contained in one cabinet.

The mechanical structure of the PCUSN cabinet depends on:

the cabinet type: Passport 7K/8K or Passport 15K VSS cabinet

the cabinet configuration type; in the case of a Passport 7K/8K cabinet:

• standard cabinet

• seismic cabinet

The different versions of the PCUSN cabinet are not interchangeable since each onerequires a distinct type of:

mechanical metal housing containing the processor boards and power converters

grounding scheme

The cabinet has adjustable leveling feet. Attached to the leveling feet are L-bracketsfor securing anchor brackets.

1.2.2.1 Locks

The PCUSN cabinet has two locking doors: one at the front, one at the back. Thedoors can be hung to swing either to the right or to the left.

1.2.2.2 Cabinet layout

The PCUSN shelf is installed in the lower part of the PCUSN cabinet for stability.Termination panels can be installed either at the front or the back of the PCUSNcabinet.

The backplane is a printed circuit board which interconnects with the PCUSN shelfassemblies for integrated power and signal distribution.

Exit panels are at the top and bottom for cables.


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1.2.2.3 Front access

The PCUSN cabinet is designed so that access to the active elements for typicaloperating and maintenance procedures is from the front. This means that:

replaceable assemblies (processors, power converters and the cooling unit) areplug-in units that can be inserted and removed from the front

cable connections are made to the front panels of the processors

all status indicators can be seen from the front

1.2.2.4 Status indicators and alarms

Status indicators and alarms indicate the status of certain PCUSN elements.

LED status indicators on each processor board show the status of the unit.

One LED status indicator on each power converter and on the cooling unit showsthe status of each unit.

Three indicators on the cabinet front door show the status of the PCUSN:

• the red one indicating a major alarm on the PCUSN

A major alarm is generated when a function processor board or controlprocessor board fails.

The red MAJOR LED comes on. If the installation has external alarms, anexternal alarm is also generated.

• the yellow one indicating a minor alarm on the PCUSN

A minor alarm is generated if:

– a power converter fails

– the fan in a cooling unit fails

– the cooling unit is disconnected from the node shelf assembly

The yellow MINOR LED comes on. If the installation has external alarms, anexternal alarm is also generated.

• the green one indicating that the cabinet is powered on



1.2.3 Cooling mechanism

The PCUSN cabinet uses forced air for cooling the internal assemblies of thePCUSN shelf. The intake draws air from both the base and the front of the cabinet,and forces it vertically through the PCUSN shelf where it exhausts to the rear of thecabinet at the cable management assembly.

The cooling unit has two separate components:

a fan assembly with two fans

a filter

A front panel LED status indicator glows either red or green to indicate the statusof the cooling unit.

When the PCUSN shelf is fully configured, the cooling unit generates about1770 W.

1.2.4 Power supply

The dc power supplies are:

nominal: -60 V dc to -48 V dc

operational: -72 V dc to -40 V dc


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1.3 Cabinet shelf layout

1.3.1 One PCUSN shelf configuration

In this configuration, the PCUSN cabinet is composed of the following (seeFigure 1--2):

one PCUSN shelf

one or two multiplexers

termination and sparing panels

1.3.2 Two PCUSN shelves configuration

In this configuration, the PCUSN cabinet is composed of the following:

two PCUSN shelves (Passport 7K/8K)


The multiplexers are located in an external rack. Two, three, or four multiplexerscan be present.



Front view

Rear view

Figure 1--2 PCUSN cabinet


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1.3.3 PCUSN shelf

The PCUSN shelf is located in the bottom part of the Passport 7K/8K cabinet andin the top part of the Passport 15K VSS cabinet.

The PCUSN shelf is composed of four shelves (see Figure 1--3):

the first one, which is the cable management assembly

the second one, which houses the control and function processor boards

the third one, which houses the power converters

the fourth one, which is the cooling unit assembly

The top part of the PCUSN cabinet can contain a second PCUSN shelf.



Cable guides

Function andcontrol

processorboards

Power supplies

Air filter

Cooling unit

Cooling unitassembly

Shelfassembly

Cablemanagementassembly

Figure 1--3 PCUSN shelf


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1.3.3.1 Cable management assembly

Description

The cable management assembly is located at the top of the PCUSN shelf.

The cable management assembly organizes and manages a large number of cables(copper, coaxial, and fiber). This is especially useful for configurations involvinghigh cabling termination from other types of cable.

The cable management assembly consists of a cable guide and a housing assembly.

The cable guide is quarter-rounded, ensuring that a minimum bend radius is metfor copper and fiber cables. Its guide slots, which support and route cables, are intwo widths (thick and thin) to separate fiber cables from other types of cable.

The housing assembly routes cables from the front of the cabinet to the rear. It hasa door that swings upward and slides back for installing cables. The door has aconfiguration map for marking cable information.

Purpose

The cable management assembly is used to connect the processor boards to thetermination panels. Cables connect to the front panels of the processor boards, andare routed from the guide slots of the cable guide to the rear of the PCUSN shelfwhere they can be routed vertically upwards or downwards in channels along bothsides of the PCUSN shelf.

Cable management ensures that:

the cables of adjacent processor boards do not interfere with each other

any processor board can be withdrawn from the PCUSN shelf without disturbingadjacent boards or their cables

the cables can be easily secured in position

the cables can be easily routed to the back of the shelf

The PCUSN cabinet has exit ports on the top and bottom for cables.



1.3.3.2 Processor board assembly

Processor board assembly layout

The processor board assembly has 16 slots. Each processor board slides into itsallocated slot, labelled 0 to 15, where its connector engages with a connector on thebackplane:

Function processor boards can occupy any of slots 1 to 14.

Control processor boards occupy slots 0 and 15.

Slots not occupied by a function processor board are fitted with blank boards toensure proper cooling of the node, and for electro-magnetic interference protectionand safety compliance.

Types of processor boards

The board layout in the processor board assembly is shown in Figure 1--4. Itcontains:

two control processor boards (including one board for redundancy)

two--port DS3C AAL function processor boards or two E3C AAL functionprocessor boards, which is the 32--port E1 AAL one (including one forredundancy)

a two to four four-port DS1C/E1C function processor boards (including one forredundancy)

two or four PCUSP PCU Server Processor boards (including one or two forredundancy)

The PCU Server Processor board is a double-width-sized board, which occupiestwo PCUSN board slots.


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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

CP DS3orE3

DS1Cor

E1C

CPPCUSP12

PCUSP12

DS3orE3

DS1Cor

E1C

DS1Cor

E1C

DS1Cor

E1C

2 CP boards:(Control Processor)

(1+1) redundancy

2 DS3 or E3 boards:

Agprs interface

(1+1) redundancy

4 DS1C or E1C boards:

Gb interface

Load sharing &Redundancy s/w

(equiv. N+1 redundancy)

4 PCUSP--12 boards:(PCU Service Processor)

12 SPM per PCUSP (SignalProcessing Module)

(1+1) redundancy

PCUSP12

PCUSP12

Figure 1--4 PCUSN board assembly layout

Control processor board redundancy

One control processor board is active while the other one is in standby. Automaticswitchover from the active control processor board to the standby minimizes theimpact on service if the active control processor board fails.



There are two standby modes:

warm: no state synchronization with function processor boards

hot standby control processor board redundancy: full state synchronization withfunction processor boards that support hot standby

Redundancy of the hot--standby control processor board ensures that, following acontrol processor board switchover, state information is synchronized betweenthe standby control processor board and all the function processor boards on thePCUSN shelf. When a switchover occurs, the function processor boards that arerunning services that support hot standby continue to process users data packetson already established calls. Function processor boards that are running servicesthat do not support hot standby undergo a restart as in the warm standby mode.Hot standby control processor board redundancy can be disabled and enabled asrequired ; the feature is enabled by default.

Function processor board redundancy

The following interfaces can be spared for automatic switchover, minimizing theimpact of a line or interface failure on supported services:

DS1 (DS1C)

E1 (E1C)

DS3 (DS3C AAL)

E3 (E3C AAL)

PCUSP

Before setting up sparing, the product equipment codes (first six digits: four lettersand two numbers) on the front panels of both the active and the spare functionprocessor boards must match.

Traffic is temporarily disrupted to the active function processor board during thetime it takes to identify the failure and perform the switchover.

Each function processor board can be removed and inserted without disruptingtraffic not dependent on it. Function processor boards automatically reboot uponre-insertion, and automatically activate their software and provisioning data.


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1.3.3.3 Power supply assembly

Description

The power supply assembly is located directly below the processor board assembly.It contains the power distribution for both primary and secondary power supply.

The power converters slide into their allocated slots where their connectors engagewith those of the backplane. A handle mounted on the front panel of each powerconverter can be lowered to remove the unit, and snaps into the upright position tosecure the unit in place. A locking screw prevents tampering. Blank panels areinserted into slots not used to ensure cooling of the PCUSN shelf.

Redundancy

The power supply assembly can house up to three identical power converters. Twopower converters are required to power a fully equipped PCUSN cabinet. The thirdpower converter, used in a load-sharing capacity, provides redundancy (one-for-nsparing). Although the three power converters operate in a load-sharing capacity,two of them will maintain the PCUSN services should one fail. One of the threepower converters can be removed and inserted without disrupting service.

LED status indicator

The front panel of each power converter has a power (O/I) switch and a LED statusindicator (see Figure 1--5).

The switch is set to “I” for powering the PCUSN shelf and to “O” for removingthe power converter. If the power converter to be removed is spared, PCUSNoperation will not be interrupted.

A front panel LED status indicator on each power supply converter glows red orgreen to indicate its status.



Power switch


Locking screw

Figure 1--5 Power supply


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Purpose

The power converters convert the primary power inputs into the required +5, +12and -12 V dc secondary operating voltages for distribution by way of the backplanethrough the PCUSN shelf.

Type of power converter

There is only one type of shelf assembly depending on the power supply type: thedc shelf assembly for the -48 V dc to - 60 V dc installations.

The dc version is deployed either in central office environments or incustomer-premise equipment environments where battery backup systems are usedto provide uninterrupted service.

The dc version of the power supply assembly is characterized by the type of rearpower input panel used for connecting the power supplies (see Figure 1--6). Theinput panel at the rear of the shelf assembly has:

• a terminating barrier strip

• two alarm connections (one for an eventual second PCUSN shelf in thecabinet, another for routing alarms for display in another location)

• a door alarm connector for the alarm on the cabinet door

• a ground lug

• a cooling unit connector

Rear view

DC shelf assembly

Figure 1--6 DC shelf assembly



1.3.3.4 Cooling unit assembly

Location

The cooling unit is located in the lower part of the PCUSN shelf, below the powersupply assembly.

Description

The cooling unit assembly has two separate components (see Figure 1--7):

a fan assembly with two fans

an air filter

Both span the width of the PCUSN shelf and slide into position.

The fan assembly has a front handle which lowers for removing the assembly, anda locking screw which prohibits tampering.


A front panel LED status indicator glows either red or green to indicate the statusof the section:

Green indicates that the unit has power

Red indicates that the unit has lost power or that the air flow is restricted in the airfilter.


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Air filter


Locking screw

Fan assembly

Figure 1--7 Cooling unit assembly



1.3.4 Termination and sparing panel shelf

1.3.4.1 Termination panels

The PCUSN cabinet can house up to 14 termination panels in its upper part (sevenin the upper front part and seven in the upper rear part).

The PCUSN cabinet houses 19-in. termination panels.

The termination panel is a cable distribution system between the network and thefunction processors.

The termination panels are available in two types of connection format:

twisted-pair connections (balanced)

coaxial connections (unbalanced)

1.3.4.2 Sparing panel

A sparing panel enables the use of a single function processor board to sparemultiple function processor boards of the same type and vintage. For example, aone-for-n sparing panel where n=1 to 4 protects up to four function processor boardswith a single spare function processor board.

When a main function processor board connected to a one-for-n sparing panel fails,the control processor board identifies which main function processor board hasfailed, and instructs the panel to switch the relay contacts for the failed functionprocessor board to the spare. Traffic for the failed function processor board switchesto the spare.


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1.4 Multiplexor

The boards used in the PCUSN terminate in coaxial E3/T3 cables and the BSC usesE1/T1 transmission facilities.



P2 Tx

P2 line Tx

P2 Tx

P2 Rx

P2 line Rx

P2 Rx

P1 Tx

P1 line Tx

P1 Tx

P1 Rx

P1 line Rx

P1 Rx

P0 Tx

P0 line Tx

P0 Tx

P0 Rx

P0 line Rx

P0 Rx

Monitor P2

Monitor P1

Monitor P0

Spare

Main

Rx17|

32TxRx1|

16Tx

17|

32TXM

1|

16Rx17|

32TxRx1|

16Tx

17|

32TXM

1|

16

To LINK ARx port ofthe MUX 2

To LINK ATx port ofthe MUX 2

To LINK ARx port ofthe MUX 1

To LINK ATx port ofthe MUX 1

E3 Spare card E3 Main card

The wiring between the MUX and the E3 board must be done according to the final configuration:PCUSN12 (with 1 MUX and up to 12 Agprs links)PCUSN24 (with 2 MUX and up to 24 Agprs links)

Figure 1--8 E1/E3 multiplexor


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P2 Tx

P2 line Tx

P2 Tx

P2 Rx

P2 line Rx

P2 Rx

P1 Tx

P1 line Tx

P1 Tx

P1 Rx

P1 line Rx

P1 Rx

P0 Tx

P0 line Tx

P0 Tx

P0 Rx

P0 line Rx

auto/

Monitor P2

Monitor P1

Monitor P0

Spare

Main

TXM1

To DS3 INport of

the MUX

To DS3 OUTport of

the MUX

DS3 Spare card DS3 Main card

TXM0

Rx1

Tx1

Rx0

Tx0

TXM1

TXM0

Rx1

Tx1

Rx0

Tx0

Figure 1--9 T1/T3 multiplexor



1.5 Cabinet cabling

The backplane of the PCUSN cabinet is a printed circuit board which interconnectswith the PCUSN shelf assemblies for integrated power and signal distribution. Eachfunction and processor board connects to the backplane through a 4 x 90 Norconconnector.

Two bus terminator boards, one at each end of the backplane, terminate thebackplane traces. The bus is fully redundant. It consists of two synchronous 32-bit25-MHz cell buses, operating in a load-sharing capacity, which can communicatewith all the processors.

1.5.1 Function processor board and termination panel

The termination panels contribute to the reliability of the PCUSN shelf throughone-for-one sparing, as they connect both the main and standby function processorboards.

When a termination panel is used, a cable then connects the termination panel to theappropriate connector (ports) on the front panel of the function processor board.

The following connections are made either directly to the function processor boardsor through a termination panel:

T1 and E1 line connection from external interfacing equipment to DS1C andE1C function processor boards

trunk connection from external equipment to DS3 and E3 function processorboards (not implemented in the first release of GPRS)

DS3 line connection from external equipment to DS3C and E3C functionprocessor boards

The 10BaseT cables from external Ethernet nodes connect to the control processorboard.

1.5.2 Power supply

The power source of the PCUSN shelf is connected at the rear of the shelf assembly.For the dc shelf assembly, there is a terminating barrier strip.


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1.5.3 Equipment grounding

The PCUSN cabinet is grounded to protect both personnel and equipment.

Grounding for the dc configuration is based on separate signal and frame grounds.These are separately connected directly to the ground window.

Grounding through the power cord and the grounding post provides all groundingrequirements for boards and termination panels that are integral with the cabinet.Boards are grounded through the backplane connectors ; integrated rear-mountedtermination panels are grounded through the Heat dissipation and thermalengineering.

At the extreme left side of the PCUSN shelf section is a jack for connecting agrounding wrist strap. The wrist strap must be used when handling assemblies suchas the processor boards, sensitive to electro-static discharge.



1.5.4 External alarm

The front door of the PCUSN cabinet and the rear of the shelf assembly have analarm connector.

Table 1--1 identifies the external alarm connector pinout of the shelf assembly.

Pin number Contact

1 major alarm connection for location 1



4 no connection

5 minor alarm connection for location 1



8 no connection




12 no connection




Note: All relay contacts are normally open

Table 1--1 External alarm connector pinout of the PCUSN shelf


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ArchitectureNortel Networks Confidential 2--1


2 ARCHITECTUREThis chapter provides an overview of the PCUSN physical and functionalarchitecture. It should help the reader to understand the PCUSN functions presentedin the next chapters.

2.1 Physical architecture

The PCUSN cabinet is organized as follows:

one PCUSN shelf

multiplexors


The PCUSN shelf contains up to 16 boards (see Figure 2--1):

two control processor (CP) boards

two or four four-port DS1/E1 Channelized Function Processor (FP) boards

two two-port DS3/E3 Channelized AAL Function Processor (FP) boards

two or four PCU Server Processor (PCUSP) boards including:

• the mother board with two SPMs (Signal Processing Modules)

• the daughter board with ten SPMs

The PCUSN will use up to 12 SPMs per PCUSP.

In fact, the shelf can accommodate a maximum of 14 FP boards and two CP boards.

The number of boards depends on the capacity requirements and on whetherredundancy is used.

Architecture Nortel Networks Confidential2--2

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

CP DS3Cor

E3C

DS1Cor

E1C

CPPCUSP12

PCUSP12

DS1Cor

E1C

DS1Cor

E1C

DS1Cor

E1C

2 CP boards:(Control Processor)

(1+1) redundancy


Agprs interface

(1+1) redundancy


Gb interface

Load sharing &Redundancy s/w

(equiv. N+1 redundancy)

4 PCUSP--12 boards:(PCU Service Processor)

12 SPM per PCUSP (SignalProcessing Module)

(1+1) redundancy

PCUSP12

PCUSP12

: Boards indicated or fillers, depending on the PCUSN configuration.

DS3Cor

E3C

Figure 2--1 PCUSN boards



2.1.1 Control processor boards

The CP board manages the PCUSN shelf.

Two CP boards can be installed in a shelf, in slots 0 and 15.

It manages and controls the whole PCUSN application, supporting both the systemand network functions. Principally, this entails:

executing software

supporting FP boards and their services

performing shelf management functions

interfacing with a network management system

performing data storage

performing real-time clock function

2.1.1.1 Execution of software

The CP board executes the software which provides functions such as:

controlling operation of software for delivering services

downloading new software onto FP boards

interface for operator commands

provisioning

supporting FP boards and their services:

2.1.1.2 Support of FP boards

The CP board supports the FP boards by:

performing the complex memory-intensive tasks supporting services deliveredby the FPs

downloading new software onto the FP boards

2.1.1.3 Shelf management

The CP board performs the following shelf management functions for the PCUSN:

managing and maintaining the health of the FP boards and the bus (as well as therest of the Passport hardware)

monitoring and alarm processing

real-time clocking


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2.1.1.4 Interface with a network management system (Preside MDM)

The CP board permits interfacing of the network management system (aworkstation or a text interface device) for:

network operator access

provisioning

network monitoring

maintenance

managing and maintaining the health of the backplane, the FP boards, and therest of the shelf hardware

If the CP board detects a fault, it generates an alarm so that the fault can berectified by the operator or technician.

2.1.1.5 Data storage

The CP board hard disk stores PCUSN software, configuration data, and spooledinformation.

2.1.1.6 Real-time clock

The real-time clock maintains the current time of day. Backed up by a largecapacitor, the real-time clock continues to function for at least 24 hours even if thepower drops off.



2.1.2 Function processor boards

The FP boards perform the functional part of the software. They provide interfaceports that physically connect network communications facilities and PCUSNswitches. They switch data from external sources through the bus and out of theswitch through other FP boards. FP boards have been specifically designed toaccommodate high data throughput. Their computational resources support andexecute only those real-time processes that are critical to rapidly delivering aservice. These processes include:

protocol handling

call routing

packet forwarding

2.1.2.1 Four-port DS1/E1 Channelized function processor boards

The four-port DS1 or E1 Channelized FP board provides communication services(such as frame relay) between the PCUSN and the SGSN. The Network Service andGb interfaces are implemented on this FP board.

A DS1C/E1C FP board:

has four ports

provides access to external or third-party network equipment and to DPN-100

operates frame relay services

• up to 96 services for DS1C FP boards

• up to 124 services for E1C FP boards

supports load--sharing redundancy


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2.1.2.2 Two-port DS3C AAL (32-port E1 AAL) and two-port E3C AAL (two-port DS3C AAL)function processor boards

The two-port DS3 Channelized AAL (32-port E1 AAL) and the two-port E3Channelized AAL (two-port DS3C AAL) FP boardsprovide access to DS1/E1 linksthanks to a gateway between a TDM network and an ATM network. They transportDS3 or E3 time--division--multiplexed constant--bit--rate data over an ATMbackbone to the PCUSP board for PCU processing, and vice versa.

A DS3/E3 Channelized AAL FP board:

DS3C supports a total of 56 structured DS1 tributaries

E3C supports a total of 32 structured E1 tributaries

provides a gateway between a TDM network and an ATM network

supports structured AAL service over the Passport backplane

supports up to 128 AAL virtual channel connections towards the PCUSP boards(each of these virtual channel connection conveys a PCM link)

supports one-for-one sparing



2.1.2.3 PCU server processor board

The PCUSP board is a multi-purpose FP board for the data and signaling paths. Ithas both digital--signal processing capability and general--purpose processingcapability.

The PCUSP board uses two full--size Passport--type FP boards, which are referredto as the mother board and the daughter board. The two boards are joined physicallyto form one double--width board, which occupies two PCUSN board slots.

Communication to the PCUSN shelf is only achieved through the mother board,the daughter board connection to the PCUSN is only for power.

The mother board contains the physical structure of a conventionalPassport--type FP, being composed of three physical components:

the Switch Interface (SI)

two Signal Processing Modules (SPM)

the Processor Daughter Card (PDC)

The daughter board contains ten additional SPM modules.

A PCUSP board:

provides the data processing functionality for 12 full DS1s or E1s of TDM traffic

transports TDM data and signaling information using AAL1

transports packet data and signaling using AAL5

supports one-for-one redundancy


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2.1.3 Termination panel shelf

The termination panel can provide different functions, depending on the FP boardthat it supports. It can:

provide a breakout (or fan out) for customer-equipment connections so that eachport on an function processor has its own termination point and access

provide media conversion

provide sparing capability

act as a concentrator, reducing the number of cables that are attached to the frontof a switch

determine the type of connection (DCE or DTE) depending on which connectoris used

2.1.4 Internal interfaces

Equipment can be connected to FP boards, either directly or through a terminationpanel. The termination panel is a cable distribution system that can reside in thecabinet or be mounted on another cabinet.

The PCUSN contains two internal interfaces:

the interface between the DS3C AAL FP board and the PCUSP of the PCUSPboard

the interface between the PCUSP board and the FP boards



2.1.4.1 Traffic and signaling

The TDM data streams from the BSC are received via a DS3 Channelized AAL FPboard. This FP board demultiplexes the DS3 and associated DS1 bit streams. Thustraffic and signaling information from the BSC is encapsulated into AAL1 framesand transmitted over ATM virtual channel connection to the PSUSP board. EachATM virtual circuit connection carries the traffic from one DS1/E1.

On the PCUSP board, the traffic and signaling are routed to the correspondingPCUSN (one DS1/E1 channel per SPM) on two separate streams:

the signaling is processed by the Power Quick Processor

the data is processed by the DSP

Data packets are sent from the SPM back to the PCUSP board as AAL5 cells. Thecell queue controller transforms them into specific Falcon frames and sends themover the PCUSN backplane to the DS1C/E1C AAL board.

From the DS1C/E1C AAL board, the frames are sent over the frame relay interfaceto the SGSN.

Traffic from the data network to the BSC takes the opposite route. The DS1C/E1CAAL board transforms the inputs from the data network to Falcon frames and sendsthem to the PCUSP board.

On the PCUSP board, the cell queue controller transforms the falcon frames intoAAL5 frames and routes them to the corresponding SPM.

On the SPM, the signaling information is added and the TDM data stream is sentback to the PCUSP board.

On the PCUSP board, the TDM data stream is encapsulated into AAL1 frames andsent to the DS3 Channelized AAL FP board over ATM virtual circuit connections.

The DS3 Channelized AAL FP board sends the data to the BSC.


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2.1.4.2 Backplane interface

The backplane is a printed circuit board which interconnects with the PCU shelfassemblies for integrated power and signal distribution. Up to 16 FP and CP boardscan connect to the back panel, each through a 4 x 90 Norton connector. Two busterminator boards, one at each end of theback panel, terminate theback panel traces,reducing signal ringing by eliminating signal reflection.

This PCUSN bus is the bridge which allows data to be switched across differenttypes of FP boards. The bus also allows FP boards and CP boards to communicatefor implementing services, and it is used by FP boards to broadcast messages acrossthe backplane to other processor boards.

The PCUSN bus has a fully redundant, parallel bus structure. It consists of twosynchronous 32-bit 25-MHz cell buses, operating in a load-sharing capacity, whichcan communicate with all the processors. Each bus operates at 800 Mbit/s for anaggregate speed of 1.6 Gbit/s.

When both buses are active, traffic is distributed across both buses (dual- busmode) ; should one bus fail, the other continues, although capacity is reduced to800 Mbit/s (single-bus mode).

Frames are converted into cells for bus transport, then reassembled into framesbefore leaving the PCUSN. This conversion process, which is transparent to therouting software, is handled exclusively by hardware (application-specificintegrated circuits or ASICs). Cell-based traffic is transported over the bus in cellform.

The bus handles both frame and cell traffic within the same architecture toefficiently handle mixed traffic (data, voice, video, and image)

Maximum node throughput is a function of the bus performance. Bus performanceis given below:

raw bus capacity — 1.6 Gbit/s

node user data throughput, no faults, two buses running — 1.5 Gbit/s

node user data throughput, one bus failed — 750 Mbit/s



2.2 Functional architecture

2.2.1 Functional unit organization

There are five types of boards in the PCUSN cabinet (see Figure 2--2):

The CP board is the nodal manager. It controls the entire PCUSN cabinet andprovides the interface with the OA&M unit.

The four-port DS1/E1 Channelized FP board supports the Gb interface (or framerelay interface) with the SGSN. The network service functionality and Gbinterface management is implemented on this board, complementing the PCUfunctionality.

The two-port DS3/E3 Channelized AAL FP board supports the Agprs interface(or TDM interface) with the BSC. Its configuration is provided by the PCUSA.

The PCUSP board has two boards:

• The mother board hosts the PCUSA software that provides the OA&Mservices to the PCUSN system. In addition, it configures the virtualconnections between the DS3C AAL FP board, the SPM boards and theDS1C/E1C FP boards. It also routes traffic and signaling to and from theSPMs.

• The SPMs of the mother board and the daughter board host the PCU corefunctions (TS allocation, RLC/MAC, LLC Relay, BSSGP protocol,OAM,...).


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DS3 / E3 DS1 / E1C

PCU NSE

PCUSP

PCUSA

SPM

Core PCU

PCUSA

CP

Nodal manager

OA&M I/F

Agprs I/F Gb I/F

Back panel

Figure 2--2 PCUSN hardware overview

The PCUSN functions are organized around two independent functional units(see Figure 2--3):

the PCU (Packet Control Unit)

the PCUSA (PCU Support Application)

The PCUSN is a data switch providing the packet data control capability.

The PCUSN can host several PCUs and PCUSAs. Furthermore, one PCUSA canmanage more than one PCU.



PCUSN OA&M I/F

Agprs I/F Gb I/F

PCUSA

PCU

OA&MInterfaceUnit

RadioPacketProcessing

GbTermination

BufferManagement

PlatformManagementUnit

Figure 2--3 PCUSN OA&M I/F


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2.2.2 Packet Control Unit (PCU)

The PCU provides the packet control functions.

The PCU functions are divided into three components (see Figure 2--4):

Radio Packet Processing: it is the radio related synchronous component thatdeals with real--time constraints such as TRAU frames, and the radio protocolRLC/MAC.

Buffer management: it is the packet buffering component that allows theinterworking of the synchronous Radio Packet Processing component and theasynchronous Gb Termination component.

Frame relay termination: it manages the asynchronous Gb interface with the datanetwork and the LLC frames that are carried on it.

SGSN

PCU

Packet Part

GbInterfaceRadio

PacketProcessing

Radio Part

BufferManagt Gb Term

RadioInterface

Figure 2--4 PCU function unit



2.2.2.1 Radio Packet Processing

Radio Packet Processing is composed of the following:

TDMA termination

TRAU frames

Radio Link Control (RLC)

Media Access Control (MAC)

2.2.2.2 Buffer Management

The Buffer Management component provides the interworking functions betweenthe synchronous Radio Packet Processing and the asynchronous Gb Terminationcomponent.

2.2.2.3 Gb termination

The Gb termination component deals with the lower layers of Gb termination andmanagement, such as:

management and termination of the Network Service (including the load sharingmechanism)

management and termination of the frame relay Local Management Interface(LMI)

management and termination of the physical layer

management of the BSSGP protocol

Frame relay can use an external frame relay network or a direct physical connectionto the SGSN. Some options are also offered for the physical layer.


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2.2.3 PCU Support Application (PCUSA)

The PCUSA components run on the PCUSP board.

The PCUSA provides the PCU data path and the interface with the OA&M services,namely:

It provides basic operation and administration for component management(software download, board configuration and supervision,...)

It establishes communication paths with virtual circuits to transport signalingand traffic:

• between the TDM board and the SPMs

• between the frame relay board and the SPMs

It provides a communication path and an interface for the SPM software to storedata on the hard disk.

It reports SPM hardware and software problems and generates alarms.

It supports PCUSP board warm redundancy (automatic switch-over on faultdetection without maintaining the signaling or data paths).

It implements the interface protocol to the OA&M unit, such as the configurationof Network Service Element (NSE) and Gb Termination functionality

The PCUSA manages all the PCM links on the PCUSP board. These PCMs can beterminated on different BSCs but all the PCM links of a BSC are managed by thesame PCUSA.

2.3 Redundancy

The one-for-one and one-for-three sparing provide “warm swap.” The standbyboard resumes service after a short delay.

Board descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 3--1


3 BOARD DESCRIPTIONThis chapter gives a description of the functional and physical aspects of the boardsof the PCUSN. These boards are:

the Control Processor (CP) boards

the two-Port DS3/E3 Channelized (DS3C/E3C) TDM Function Processor (FP)boards

the four-Port DS1C/E1 Channelized (DS1C/E1C) Function Processor (FP)boards

the PCU Server Processor (PCUSP) boards

Board description Nortel Networks Confidential3--2

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


3.1 Control processor board

3.1.1 Functional description

The CP board consists of:

a processor module

an interface module

a disk drive

The processor module connects the control processor board to the Passportbackplane, providing an interface with the bus. It performsactivities associated withbus and routing data through the switch.

The interface module of the control processor board is the shelf manager thatsupports the following functions:

disk interface

stratum clock

real-time clock

shelf alarm circuitry

V.24 DCE port providing Preside MDM connectivity

OAM 10Base-T Ethernet port providing Preside MDM connectivity

The hard disk drive of the control processor board stores Passport 7400 software,configuration data, and spooled information.

The CP board line rate supports asynchronous data transfer at 9.6 kbit/s.

3.1.2 Physical description

3.1.2.1 Front panel

The front panel of the CP board has the following (see Figure 3--1):

a V.24 DCE port

a LED status indicator

a 10Base-T Ethernet port RJ45 connector

four LED status indicators for the Ethernet port

two ejector latches

two locking latches

Ejector latches, at the top and bottom of the front panel of each control board, secureit in place. A lock latch prevents tampering.



3.1.2.2 Connectors

The V.24 DCE connector of the CP board is a 9-pin connector.

Table 3--1 lists the connector pinouts for the control processor 10Base-T Ethernetport.

Table 3--2 identifies the pinout and the signal names of the V.24 DCE connector.

Pin number Signal name

1 TX+

2 TX--

3 Rx+

4 Not used

5 Not used

6 Rx

7 Not used

8 Not used

Table 3--1 Ethernet 10Base--T connector pinouts

Pin number RS--232--C pinnumbers V.24 signal ITU--T signal

numberDirection on

DCE port

1 15 TSET 114 OUTPUT

2 2 TXD 103 INPUT

3 3 RXD 104 OUTPUT

4 20 DTR 108 INPUT

5 7 GND 102 N/A

6 8 DCD (RSLD) 109 OUTPUT

7 4 RTS 105 INPUT

8 5 CTS (RFS) 106 OUTPUT

9 17 RSET 115 OUTPUT

Table 3--2 V24 connector pinout and signal names


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9

6

5

1

Ejector latch

Locking latch

V.24 DCE 9--pinD--type connector

LED status indicatorfor Ethernet port(not used)

10Base--T Ethernet portRJ45 connector


Ejector latch

Figure 3--1 Control processor board



3.2 Four-port DS1C function processor board


The DS1C FP board has the following specifications:

line rate: 1.544 Mbit/s

port configuration: fractional link or clear channel (non-channelized) mode

timeslots: 24 on each port

clocking: local, line, or module

Each port on a DS1C FP board divides bandwidth into a maximum of 24 channels,with each channel able to support a number of timeslots (56 or 64 kbit/s) within thefollowing framework. The maximum number of timeslots available is 24.

One channel can support all 24 timeslots (clear-channel mode), or fewer than 24timeslots (fractional mode). One channel can also use the entire bandwidth(single-channel mode).

24 channels can each support 1 timeslot.

Fewer than 24 channels can support any number of timeslots until all 24 timeslotsare consumed.


3.2.2.1 Front panel

The front panel of the DS1C FP board has the following hardware (seeFigure 3--2):

a two-port 15-pin subminiature D-type C0 connector for port 0 and port 1



two ejector latches

two locking latches

Ejector latches at the top and bottom of each processor board front panel secure itin place. A lock latch prevents tampering.


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Ejector latch

Locking latch

Ports 2 and 315--pin subminiatureD--type connector


Ejector latch

15

9

8

1


C0

C1

Figure 3--2 Four--port DS1C function processor board




The four-port DS1C FP board uses the four-port DS1C 19-in. termination panel.

This panel provides a breakout for customer equipment connections so that eachDS1C port has its own termination point and access. It also supports one-for-onesparing.

3.2.2.3 Connectors

The C0 and C1 connectors of the DS1C FP board are 15-pin connectors.

Table 3--3 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C0 connector.


Each connector of the termination panel is a 15-pin connector.

Figure 3--3 shows the pinout and signal names of the termination panel connectors.


8 Port 0, Transmit +

15 Port 0, Transmit -

7 Port 0, Receive +

14 Port 0, Receive -



2 Port 1, Receive +


6 Protection Switch Register Bit 0




4 No connection

5 Signal ground

12 Frame ground

Table 3--3 Pinout and signal names of the C0 connector


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7 Port 2, Receive +




2 Port 3, Receive +


6 Protection Switch Load

13 Protection Switch Status

3 No connection

11 Signal ground

4 +12 V dc

5 Signal ground

12 Frame ground




87654321

1514131211109

Rx Pair

Tx Pair

Pin Name

1234911

Receive +Frame GroundTransmit +Frame GroundReceive +Transmit +

To customerequipment

Termination panelconnector

Figure 3--3 DS1C Termination panel pinout and signal names


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3.3 Four--port E1C function processor board


The E1C FP board has the following specifications:


port configuration: fractional link or clear channel (non-channelized) mode

timeslots: 32 on each port

clocking: local, line, or module

Each port on an E1C FP divides bandwidth into a maximum of 31 channels, (fordata) with each channel able support a number of timeslots (56 or 64 kbit/s) withinthe following framework. The maximum number of timeslots available for data is31.

One channel can support all 31 timeslots (clear channel mode), or fewer than 31timeslots (fractional mode). One channel can also use the entire bandwidth(single-channel mode).

31 channels can each support 1 timeslot.

Fewer than 31 channels can support any number of timeslots until all 31 availabletimeslots are consumed.

If channel-associated signalling (CAS) is chosen, only 30 channels are available.


3.3.2.1 Front panel

The front panel of the E1C FP board has the following (see Figure 3--4):




two ejector latches

two locking latches




Ejector latch

Locking latch



Ejector latch

15

9

8

1


C0

C1

Figure 3--4 Four--port E1C function processor board


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The four-port E1C FP uses the four-port E1C 19-in. termination panel.

This panel provides a break-out for customer equipment connections so that eachE1C port has its own termination point and access. It also supports one-for-onesparing.

There are two types of E1C 19-in. termination panel:

the E1C balanced 19-in. termination panel with twisted-pair connections

the E1C unbalanced 19-in. termination panel with coaxial connections

3.3.2.3 Connectors

The C0 and C1 connectors of the E1C FP board are 15-pin connectors.Table 3--5 identifies the pinout and signal names of the C0 connector.


Each connector of the termination panel is a 15-pin connector.

Figure 3--5 shows the pinout and the signal names of the termination panelconnectors.




7 Port 0, Receive +




2 Port 1, Receive +






4 No connection

5 Signal ground

12 Frame ground







7 Port 2, Receive +




2 Port 3, Receive +


6 Protection Switch Load

13 Protection Switch Status

3 No connection

11 Signal ground

4 +12 V dc

5 Signal ground

12 Frame ground



PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


87654321

1514131211109

Rx Pair

Tx Pair

Pin Name

1234911

Receive +Frame GroundTransmit +Frame GroundReceive +Transmit +

To customerequipment

Termination panelconnector

Figure 3--5 E1C termination panel pinout and signal names



3.4 Two-port E3C AAL function processor board


The E3C AAL FP board has the following features:


port configuration: the ports on the E3C AAL FP boards are individuallyaccessible and configurable. Each port supports one channel ; each channel canhave 1 to 31 timeslots. Each timeslot represents a 64 kbit/s portion of bandwidth.

clocking: The E3C AAL FP board supports E1 level clocking andsynchronization.

You can set the E1 clockingSource attribute to local or module. If a CP boardclock is available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is module.If a CP board clock is not available, the default setting for the clockingSourceattribute is local. The setting for the clockingSource attribute for all E1components must be the same.


3.4.2.1 Front panel

The front panel of the E3C FP board has the following (see Figure 3--6):

two monitor connectors (Monitor 1 and Monitor 0)

a Port 1 receive coaxial cable connector (Rx)

a Port 1 transmit coaxial cable connector (Tx)



a sparing control connector


two ejector latches

two locking latches

A small connector is available for one-for-one sparing capability.


3.4.2.2 Termination panel

The E3C AAL FP board uses the E3C AAL 19-in. termination panel.

The termination panel supports one-for-one sparing.


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Ejector latch

Locking latch

Monitor 1

Sparing control


Ejector latch

Port 1

Monitor 0

Receive (Rx)

Transmit (Tx)

Receive (Rx)

Transmit (Tx)

Port 0

Figure 3--6 E3C AAL function processor board



3.5 Two-port DS3C AAL function processor board


The DS3C AAL FP board has the following features:


port configuration: the ports on the DS3C AAL FP boards can be configured tooperate in fractional mode. Fractional mode means that each port can support 1 to28 channels. Each channel can have 1 to 24 timeslots. Each timeslot represents a64 kbit/s portion of bandwidth.

clocking: The DS3C AAL FP board supports both DS3 and DS1 level clockingand synchronization. The DS3 clockingSource attribute can be set to local or line.The attribute default setting is local.

The DS1 clockingSource attribute can be set to local or module. If a CP boardclock is available, the default setting for the clockingSource attribute is module.If a CP board clock is not available, the default setting for the clockingSourceattribute is local. The setting for the clockingSource attribute for all DS1components must be the same.

This FP board works in conjunction with the PCUSP board to support NarrowbandServices Trunk over ATM (NSTA).


3.5.2.1 Front panel

The front panel of the DS3C FP board has the following (see Figure 3--7):

two monitor connectors (Monitor 1 and Monitor 0)





a sparing control connector


two ejector latches

two locking latches

A small connector is available for one-for-one sparing capability.



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Ejector latch

Locking latch

Monitor 1

Sparing control


Ejector latch

Port 1

Monitor 0

Receive (Rx)

Transmit (Tx)

Receive (Rx)

Transmit (Tx)

Port 0

Figure 3--7 DS3C AAL function processor board



3.5.2.2 Termination panel

The DS3C AAL FP board uses the DS3C AAL 19-in. termination panel.

You can connect customer equipment directly to the DS3C AAL FP board or to itstermination panel. The termination panel supports one-for-one sparing.


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3.6 PCU server processor


The PCUSP board is in charge of the radio--related synchronizing function thatdeals with real time constraints such as TRAU frames, and the radio protocolRLC/MAC which performs the followings operations:

LLC layer PDU segmentation into RLC blocks for downlink transmission

LLC layer PDU reassembly from RLC blocks for uplink transmission

PDCH scheduling functions for uplink and downlink data transfer

PDCH uplink ARQ functions, including RLC block acknowledge / negativeacknowledge

PDCH downlink ARQfunctions, including buffering and retransmission of RLCblocks

channel access control functions, for example access requests and grants

The PCUSP boards host 12 Signal Processing Modules (two on the mother boardand ten on the daughter board).

Each SPM has to handle GPRS timeslots: it provides processing for up to 30 fullDS1s (120 radio GPRS timeslots using CS1/2).


3.6.2.1 Front panel

The PCUSP board uses two full-size Passport-type FP boards, referred to as themother board and the daughter board.

The front panel of the PCUSP board has the following (see Figure 3--8):


two ejector latches

two locking latches




Ejector latch

Locking latch

LED statusindicator

Ejector latch

Figure 3--8 PCU server processor board


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Software descriptionNortel Networks Confidential 4--1


4 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 Software structure

Figure 4--1 shows the software architecture of the Packet Control Unit (PCU).

CORE PCU SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

FSM / Misc services

DISPATCHERS

tdm, packet, host I/F,

SCHEDULER

RADIO ALLOCATOR

TDMA

SA

FE

ME

MO

RY

AL

LO

CA

TOR

DPRAM Driver / LAPD

Interface Manager

PCU element

CELL

lapd L3

MS

TR

AC

E/D

EB

UG

SE

RV

ICE

S

PCU APPLICATION

Figure 4--1 Core PCU software architecture

Software description Nortel Networks Confidential4--2

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091



The PCU provides the packet control unit functionality.

The PCU consists of the following objects:

PCU Element

Cell

MS

Allocator

NSE (Network Service Element)

4.1.2 PCU Element

The PCU Element object is responsible for:

configuring the Gb interface part of the PCU

LAPD interface management

BVCI 0 management

defence management

display and counters management

packet paging management

providing an interface (communication link) to the external objects.

4.1.3 Cell

The Cell object is used to perform the following (operations):

to manage the OML messages that are related to one radio cell, such as Cellconfiguration and de-configuration messages

to manage RSL messages such as Cell availability messages

to manage the TDMA-related OML and RSL message

to create MS objects for the data transfer, when receiving a new LLC frame, anew channel request or a suspend request from the BSS.

to manage the radio configuration coming from the OMC (via the BSC)

to manage the BVC RESET, BLOCK and UNBLOCK procedures on the Gbinterface

to manage the BVC flow control procedures

to manage the display and counters related to cell, TDMA and BVC

to configure the TDMA, the TS and the Blocks



Cell manages the Common Channels, as follows:

to ask for and get one Block from the Cell and MS sends the “immediateassignment” message to the BTS on the GSL, upon receipt of the “channelrequest” message from a mobile on the GSL.

to forward the “paging request” message to the BTS on the GSL, after receivingthe message from the SGSN.

4.1.4 MS

MS is a dynamic object that is created by the Cell, when:

a “channel request” message is received from the mobile, for uplink transfer,

or an LLC frame is received from the SGSN, for downlink transfer.

MS is destroyed at the end of the data transfer.

MS hosts the LLC frames, which are currently transmitted on the radio interface inan uplink and downlink Temporary Block Flows.

The MS manages:

the sending of the “immediate assignment” message to the mobile for downlinktransfer establishment, when the SGSN wants to establish a downlink transferwith an MS, which is in ready state (i.e. mobility management state).

the creation of uplink and/or downlink TBF (that is to say, the context associatedwith half duplex or full duplex transfer)

the establishment of the path between PDCH, and PACCH or PDTCH

the segmentation and re-assembly of LLC frames into RLC blocks

the uplink ARQ functions, including RLC block ACK and NACK

the downlink ARQ functions, including buffering and re-transmission of RLCblocks

the radio channel management function (such as MS power control)

the MS flow control on the Gb interface

the change of Radio access capabilities of the MS

the MS mobility management

Note: In the first release of the General Packet Radio Services (GPRS ), onlyUplink Open Loop Power Control is performed.

the CSN1 coding and decoding


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4.1.4.1 Dynamic Allocation

The implementation of the Dynamic Allocation feature in 15.0 provides thefollowing functions:

multiplexing of EGPRS/GPRS mobiles is performed in the same cell equippedwith at least one “Full EDGE Capacity” TDMA.

• Use the EdgeMixity parameter to allocate the GPRS or EGPRS MS.

mobiles are allocated based on the Allocator algorithm, which counts thenumberof 8--PSK blocks successfully sent on a Time Slot, and compares the values with18. That is, there is one block every 20ms --> 18 blocks in 360ms.

• Use the Full EDGE Capacity parameter to allocate the GPRS or EGPRS MS.

4.1.4.2 Uplink and Downlink

Each time the PCU sends a downlink block on the TS, and if at least one GPRS MSis allocated on that TS (on uplink or downlink), the counter is incremented andtested, according to the following criteria:

Note: 8PSK means 8--Phase Shift Keying

NbBlocks_8PSK = NbBlocks_8PSK + 1

• if NbBlocks_8PSK < 18, the downlink block is sent without any constraints(Case: Gmsk_or_8Psk).

• if NbBlocks_8PSK > 18, only a GMSK downlink block is sent (Case:Gmsk_only).

• if the selected MS supplies a GMSK block, the counter is reset:NbBlocks_8PSK = 0.

4.1.5 GPRS Sleepy cells Step 1: Automatic Detection and Recovery

Up to V14 BSS version, some configuration problems or sub--system componentfailures may lead to what we call “GPRS sleepy cells”. That is a cell on which GPRSis not operational but this state is not clearly stated to the operator.

The purpose of this feature is to try an automatic recovery when the PCU detectsa problem that may be solved by a cell GPRS reconfiguration.

This recovery is performed through a cell GPRS reconfiguration.

4.1.5.1 Principles

This feature modifies the BSS defense mechanism when the PCU detects a problemthat may be solved by a cell GPRS reconfiguration. The problem detected by thePCU can be:



BTS is not responding to CELL_GPRS_OPEN

SGSN is not responding to BSSGP protocol message and BSSGP parapet KO

Cell unsynchronized on AGprs interface

Pdch Assign Param procedure failure

Incomplete config received from BSC

This defense isbased on a message to theoperator and a reconfiguration of the faultyentity in order to recover as soon as possible the GPRS service.

4.1.5.2 Gprs service status at cell level

When the PCU detects a problem that may be solved by a cell GPRSreconfiguration, it sends a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC, with statusset to “out of service” and status level set to “cell”. The cause value depends on theproblem detected.

On reception of this message, the BSC starts a cell disconfiguration procedure.

The BSC emits a 1521 notification with the GPRS_service_status cause in the BSCpart of the data zone.

At the end of the disconfiguration, a cell reconfiguration is started. If thisreconfiguration fails, nothing more is done.

If the PCU sends again a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC with the samecause, it will be treated by the BSC and a cell disconfiguration/reconfiguration doneagain.

4.1.5.3 Incomplete configuration from BSC

When the PCU does not receive a complete configuration from the BSC (nocell_available received 1,5 hour after the beginning of the configuration), the PCUsends a GPRS_service_status message to the BSC with a cause set to “incompleteconfig from BSC”.

4.1.5.4 BSS version interworking

Two specific values are used in the feature bitmap element between BSC and PCUallowing PCU and BSC from different versions to interwork.

However, it is recommended to limit the time when PCU and BSC are not in thesame version as sleepy cells are better managed in this version.

For “light sleepy cells monitoring step 1”

If the feature is enabled in the PCU, but disabled on the BSC:The GPRS service status message with GPRS service level equal to PCU can beused (for NMO1 purpose), but GPRS service level equal to Cell as described inthis document shall not be used.


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


If the feature is disabled in the PCU and enabled on the BSC:The BSC will not receive GPRS_service_status, so no behavior difference.

The feature bitmap element is present only in thePCU_CONFIG_REQUEST(_ACK) and PCU_MODIFY_REQUEST(_ACK)messages. As PCU_MODIFY_xxx messages are not yet supported, a restart of thePCU is necessary when introducing this feature.

4.1.6 Dynamic Agprs & EDGE: Joker handling algorithm

In V14.2, the Dynamic Agprs feature has been introduced to save PCM usagebetween BSC and PCUSN.

For EDGE, the Agprs is evolving with the introduction of the Joker principle. Newmechanisms are introduced in order to optimize Agprs PCM usage taking intoaccount Jokers introduction.

For that purpose, a new TDMA parameter is introduced: “JokerperMainTarget”.

This parameter provides the target number of Jokers TS for each main TS. It is usedon the BSC side during Agprs configuration and compression. It is used on the PCUside during the Dynamic Agprs mechanism.

When the parameter is modified, no immediate action is taken by BSC or PCU. Itwill be used by BSC or PCU at the next Agprs circuit connection modification(Main or Joker).

4.1.6.1 Joker / Main Section

When 2 cells have been selected as the most loaded and less loaded cells, the PCUselects whether a main channel or a joker channel needs to be moved from the lessto the most loaded cell. The objective of the PCU algorithm is to have“JokerperMainTarget” Jokers per Main channel in an EDGE TDMA.

The algorithm is divided into 2 parts:

1. a joker/main is selected2. the cell is re--selected for the next Dynamic Agprs procedure or not

Note: If the most and the less loaded cell is the same, no action is performed, themost and less loaded cells are then selected.

Note: When the cell is set as the most or less loaded cell several times in a row, theload criterion is no longer computed. Thus, the counterspcuDyAgprsLoadCriterionCum & pcuDyAgprsLoadCriterionNbs are notupdated.



4.1.7 Network Service Element (NSE)

The Gb interface link layer is based on Frame Relay. FrameRelay permanent virtualcircuits are established between the SGSN and the BSS. LLC PDUs from manyusers, which belong to the same BVCI, are multiplexed on thesevirtual circuits. Thevirtual circuits may be multi-hop and traverse a network of Frame Relay switchingnodes. Frame Relay is used for both signaling and data transmission.

The NSE object

implements the Network Service functionality on Frame Relay, and

uses Frame Relay PVCs

One or more Frame Relay PVCs are used between one SGSN and one BSS totransport BSSGP PDUs. A load sharing mechanism is implemented in the NSEobject to perform the mapping of uplink BSSGP PDUs into the right DLCI (DataLink Connection Identifier). It routes the BSSGP PDUs to the right BVC object indownlink.


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


4.2 Software distribution to hardware units


FR board

Network serviceelement & frame relay

DS3/E3board PCUSP

SPM

SPM

SPM

Controlprocessor

Core PCU

MUX

PCUSA

Agprs PCM(DS1/E1)

Gb towardSGSN

(DS3/E3)

Backplane

Mgt unit i/f

Figure 4--2 PCUSN software mapping

The PCUSN contains the following objects:

The core PCU is comprised of the following software objects: PCU Element,cell, MS, and allocator, all located on the SPM card.

NSE located on the FR card

PCUSA located on DS3/E3 cards, PCUSP, and on CP



TDM Termination Unit (TTU)

Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit (LMSSU)

Packet Switch (PS)

ATM/Frame relay Assembl /Disassembly Unit (AFADU)

4.2.1.1 New software elements

The following new PCUSA software elements are created to manage the PCUelement allocation feature:

the PCU Element Manager (PEM) that is running on the CP.

the PCU Element Manager agent that is running on the PCUSP.

4.2.1.2 PCU element allocation

This feature involves the following:

The allocation is made by the PEM that is running on the CP software, and thePEM Agent running on the PCUSP, instead of being allocated by the PCUSAsoftware residing on the PCUSP.

Alternately, the CP card chooses a free SPM on both PCUSPs. Note that thismechanism causes the BSC to be managed on 2 PCUSPs, even if they areconnected to less than 12 Agprs PCMs.

4.2.1.3 TDM Termination Unit

The TDM Termination Unit (TTU) object represents the entity on the DS3 or E3board whose responsibility is to terminate the E3 channels, convert them into ATMAAL1 format and send the AAL1 messages to the PCU Server Processor boardthrough the backplane. TTU is also responsible for receiving the AAL1 messagesfrom the PCU Server Processor board, converting them into TDMand sending themthrough its DS3 or E3 ports. TTU is mapped to the Switch Interface (SI) and LineInterface (LI) components of the DS3 or E3 board.Please refer to 1 in Figure 4--1.

4.2.1.4 Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit

The Link Mapping & Signaling Separation Unit (LMSSU) object represents theentity on the PCUSP card that has the following responsibility:

Receiving and sending AAL1 messages from / to the DS3 (or E3) card.

Converting AAL1 messages into TDM and vice versa.

Routing the DS0 channels that correspond to one single DS1 (or E1), to a singleSPM.


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


Separating signaling (LAP-D) and data traffic, and sending them to differentports of one single SPM.

Multiplexing the TDM channels from all SPMs into one TDM stream.

LMSSU is mapped to SI, AAE Device and TDM Mux FPGA on the PCU ServerProcessor board.

Please refer to 2 on Figure 4--3.

4.2.1.5 Packet Switch

The Packet Switch object represents the entity whose role is to routeATM cells fromone SPM to another and to route ATM cells between each of the SPMs and theAFRADU object. Packet Switch is mapped onto the Packet Switch FPGA, whichis on the PCUSP card.

Please refer to 3 on Figure 4--3.

4.2.1.6 ATM / Frame relay Assembly / Disassembly Unit

ATM / Frame relay Assembly Disassembly Unit represents the entity that isresponsible for converting ATM AAL5 messages into Falcon frames (which is thebackplane format), and vice versa. AFDU is mapped onto the Cell QueueController(CQC) in the SI, AAL 2/5 FPGA, and Header Translator FPGA, which are all onthe PCUSP board.

Please refer to 4 in Figure 4--3.



TDMLAPD

CQC

CQCSI

1

AAE Device

TDM MuxFPGA

LI 1

PDC

1960

DS3TDM FP

Agprs i/fBSC/Mux

DRAM

Boot & Appl. Flash

MPC860

DPRAM

DSP

TDMData

PacketHost i/f

SerialComms

TDMLAPD

DRAM

Boot & Appl. Flash

MPC860

DPRAM

DSP

TDMData

PacketHost i/f

SerialComms

SPM1 SPM12

SI

PDC

1960

NSE

LI

DS1CFR FP

GbinterfaceSGSN

AAE Device AAL2/5 FPGA

Header TranslatorFPGA

Packet SwitchFPGA

PDC

1960

TDM MuxFPGA

CQC

PCUSA

4

4

3

2

2

4 CQC4PCUSPATM FP

Backplane

SI

Figure 4--3 Hardware view of the mapped PCU


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091



Dimensioning rulesNortel Networks Confidential 5--1


5 DIMENSIONING RULESFor information on the dimensioning with BSC e3 cabinet and TCU e3 cabinet,refer to NTP < 138 >.

Dimensioning rules Nortel Networks Confidential5--2

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091



PCUSN Preventive maintenanceNortel Networks Confidential 6--1


6 PCUSN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

6.1 Summary

This chapter describes the routine maintenance checks of the V14/V15 PCUSN aswell as the MUX fault checking. It tells how to perform Daily, Weekly, and Monthlychecks.

Items to check When to perform Where discussed

SPM status Weekly 6.2.1

Standby Card status Weekly 6.2.2

CP card sync status Weekly 6.2.3

OAM synchronization Weekly 6.2.4

PCUSN CP Card Cleaning Monthly 6.3.1

Nms User Right checking Monthly 6.3.2

Passport Bus status and test If a degraded function is no-ticed in upgrade

6.3.3 -- 6.3.4

Redundant CP/E3C/PCUSPCard Switchover

Monthly if the CAS commandresult shows an issue

6.3.5 -- 6.3.8

PCUSN / MUX Visual LEDCheck (on site)

If a degraded functionality isnoticed

6.3.9

PCUSN View Backup Monthly 6.3.10

The following GPRS monitoring is also recommended:

Items to check When to perform Where discussed

PCUSN fault / Alarms Daily 6.4.1

BVC, Cell status Daily 6.4.2

GPRS TS status Daily 6.4.3

Nsvc status Daily 6.4.4

For further information, see the general passport commands and hardwareinformation found in NTPs

241--5701--050 Passport 7400, 15000, 20000 Commands241--5701--520 Passport 74000, 15000, 20000 Troubleshooting Guide241--7401--215 Passport 7400 Hardware Maintenance Guide

PCUSN Preventive maintenance Nortel Networks Confidential6--2

PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


6.2 Weekly Maintenance

6.2.1 SPM Operation Status Check

1. Display all the spm of the PCUSP and check that they are enabled and active.Use the command:d lp/* pcusp pm/*

WARNING: IF YOU HAVE A PCUSN 24(2 ACTIVE+ 2STANDBY PCUSP)YOU SHOULD SEE A SECOND LP APPEARING (LP/13) WITH ANOTH-ER 12 MORE PMODULE. IF YOU DON’T SEE THEM THEN YOURPCUSN ISN’T CORRECTLY PROVISIONED FOR PCUSN 24.CONTACT YOUR TAS.

2. Display all the spm which are linked to an active Agprs. Verify that they areenabled. Use the command:d pcusa/* conn/* pcmlk/*

6.2.2 Standby cards status

For each lp (Lp/0, Lp/1, Lp/5 (and Lp/8 for PCUSN24 as well), check you haveeither mainCardStatus and SpareCardStatus either active or available. Use thecommand:d lp/*

6.2.3 Check CP Sync--Status

For each PCUSN, check the SyncStatus is synchronized with the CP spare card, andsyncProgress is equal to 100%. Use the command:d fs

6.2.4 Check PCUSN time

For each PCUSN, check the time of the PCUSN is synchronized with the time ofthe PCUOAM workstation. This is OAM time synchronization and not the systemclock synchronization. Use the command:d time



6.3 Monthly Maintenance

6.3.1 PCUSN CP Card Cleaning

Check the disk usage of file system. If it is over 70%, it will be necessary to cleanup the PCUSN CP card, and delete all the useless view & software files.:

1. Check the file system disk usage. Use the command:d fs

2. Remove the useless view files.

a. Choose and clean the old views. Use the command :d pr view/*

b. List all the view that can be deleted. Use the command:tidy --remove(view_name) pr

3. Remove the useless software files

a. List the software that can be deleted. Use the command:tidy --q sw

b. Choose and clean the old module. Use the command:remove sw av/software_module (ex: wirelessPcu_CA0335AE)

6.3.2 NMSUSER Rights checking

Check the rights of the nmsuser. Use the command:d --p ac userid/NMSUSER

6.3.3 PASSPORT BUS status

1. Check the two PCUSN passport bus are active and enabled. If not, please contactthe TAS team.

2. Check also the bus on each card. Use the command:d sh ca/* bus/*

6.3.4 Bus test

1. Before doing a bus test you need to lock the bus you are going to check. Thedefault time of this test is 2 minutes, but you will need to set it to 5 minutes.


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


Use the commands:lock sh bus/x and set sh bus/x test duration 5

2. Start the test. Use the command:start sh bus/x test

3. Wait until the console displays:Shelf Bus/x TestTest stopped

Note: On the console you get some alarms about the bus. This is normal.

4. Check the bus test results. Use the command:d sh bus/x test

Results:

In the SelfTestResults you should get a + for each card.In clockSourceTestResults you should get a + for each card.In the BroadcastTestResults you should get a + between each card.In the PingTestResults you shouldn’t have any failure.If one of these conditions isn’t satisfied please contact TAS

5. Unlock the bus that was tested. Use the command:Unlock sh bus/x(Repeat the operation for any other bus.)

6.3.5 Redundant CP/E3C (DS3)/PCUSP Card Switchover

CAUTIONService Impacting Operation

For E3C and PCUSP, this is GPRS service impacting, andMUST be performed during the maintenance window.

Perform a switchover on each of the redundant cards. Check the physical cardlocation of the CP, PCUSP and E3C cards with the command:d --p lp/*

Note: This reports provisional attributes. It doesn’t mean that the main card is theactive one.



6.3.6 Check of CP redundancy (No GPRS service impact)

1. Check the current active CP card and display the its status. Use the command:d lp/0

2. Reset the current passive card CP card. Use the command:reset sh ca/# ( where # is the passive card number)

3. Check that all new alarms are cleared.

4. Check the status of the boards. Use the command:d lp/0

5. Do a CP switchover. Use the command:switchover lp/0

6. After switchover, check the status of the new active CP card. Use the command:d lp/0

6.3.7 Check of PCUSP redundancy

1. Check the current active PCUSP card and display its status. Use the command:d lp/1

2. Reset the current passive PCUSP card (e.g. if the activeCard = Shelf Card/13 thepassive is shelf Card/1). Use the command:reset sh ca/1

3. Check that the alarm is cleared.

4. After the reset , check the status of the PCUSP card. Use the command:d lp/1

5. Switchover the PCUSP board. Use the command:switchover lp/1



PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


Note: Repeat these steps for the other PCUSP board of the PCUSN 24

6.3.8 Check of E3C redundancy

1. Check the current active E3C card and display the its status. Use the command:d lp/5

2. Reset the current passive E3C card (e.g. if the activeCard = Shelf Card/10 thepassive card is Shelf Card/5). Use the command:reset sh ca/5

3. Check the status of the E3C card. Use the command:d lp/5

4. Switchover the E3C board. Use the command:switchover lp/5


5. After switchover, check the status of the new active E3C card. Use the command:d lp/5

6.3.9 PCUSN / MUX Visual Check

Perform an on--site visual check on each PCUSN by looking at the front panel. Innormal situations, the LEDs on all boards should be green. Make sure that no boardhas an orange LED.Perform a visual check on the front panel of the MUX. Make sure that the two powergreen LEDs (one for power A and one for power B) are ON. Also, for each PCMlink that is correctly connected, the red LED should be OFF



6.4 Daily Maintenance

6.4.1 PCUSN Faults / Alarms Check

From the OMC--R MMI check that:-- Each PCUSN object is unlocked and enabled. If an alarm is seen, check the

occurrence time and cause.-- Each pcuBSCInterface is unlocked and enabled If an alarm is seen, check the

occurrence time and cause.-- Each AgprsPcmLink object is unlocked and enabled If an alarm is seen, check theoccurrence time and cause

For the BSC GPRS related notifications, analyze the faults with the informationfrom BSS NTP PE/DCL/DD/0106 Chapter 14. Pay particular attention to:

Fault number 1520 -- GPRS service availability

Fault number 1521 -- Cell not available for GPRS service

Fault number 1522 -- Compression on GPRS cells

Fault number 1523 -- Audit of GPRS not able to do GPRS

Fault number 31900 -- Anomaly detected on PCU component

Fault number 31902 -- Anomaly detected on NMS component

6.4.2 BVC, Cell Consistency Check

For each inService cell, verify that a corresponding BVC is unblocked. To matchthe cell and itsBVC, match the corresponding cellId and cell values . Either theCAScommands or the GprsDynamicQuerry can be used for this.

If there are some cells which are not in Service or not configured (and don’t havea valid reason for being that way), you’ll need to contact the local support team.


PE/DCL/DD/0091411--9001--091


6.4.3 GPRS Timeslot Check

Perform a display on each PCUSN and check all GPRS timeslots. They should becfgTs and in synch state.

Display all faults on the PcuBscInterface. The screen will display Fn 1523, whichis an audit on all the configurable GPRS cells and TS. If the Number of TS requestedby the O&M is not equal to the Number of TS available, then you’ll have to checkfor Fn 1522. The mismatch can be explained by compression.

If the number of cfgTs is not equal to the Number of TS requested by the O&M, thenGSM preemption is a possible cause.

Note: The corresponding GPRS TS is not visible at the PCUSN in the case ofGSM preemption. The number of TS per cell has to be at least equal to the”MinTSGPRS” cell parameter value. (OMC--R parameter)

If it is necessary to check that each TS is synch state. use the command:d --o pcusa/* conn/* pcmlk/(totbvc != 0) cgi/* tdma/* ts/(state != syn)

Note: The lack of results means that all the configured TS are synchronized.

6.4.4 NSVC state Check

Check that the nsvc are unblocked. Use the command:d Pcgtl/* nse/* nsvc/*

Wireless Service Provider SolutionsPCUSN Reference Manual

Copyright © 1999--2004 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved

NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL:

The information contained in this document is the property of NortelNetworks. Except as specifically authorized in writing by NortelNetworks, the holder of this document shall keep the informationcontained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in partfrom disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation,operation and maintenance purposes only.

You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, theinformation contained herein in any way or in any form without priorwritten consent of Nortel Networks.

The following are trademarks of Nortel Networks: *NORTELNETWORKS, the NORTEL NETWORKS corporate logo, the NORTELGlobemark, UNIFIED NETWORKS, BSC6000, S2000, S4000, S8000.GSM is a trademark of France Telecom.All other brand and product names are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of their respective holders.

Publication ReferencePE/DCL/DD/0091 411--9001--09115.05/ENSeptember 2004Originated in France

For more information, please contact:

For all countries, except USA:

Documentation DepartmentParc d’activité de Magny--ChateaufortCHATEAUFORT78928 YVELINES CEDEX 9FRANCEEmail : [email protected] : (33) (1) 39--44--50--29

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