PC Assembly, Trouble Shooting & Networking

7/30/2019 PC Assembly, Trouble Shooting & Networking

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PC Assembly,Troubleshooting &

Networking

CEDE Student Lecture 2

Seminar and Workshop Entitled



Part IIntroduction



Parts of Computer

► Motherboard► CPU► Memory► Video Card► Power Supply► Hard Disk ► CD/DVD Rom Drive► IDE Cable



Motherboard

- A motherboard is the central orprimary circuit board making up acomplex electronic system, such as amodern computer . It is also knownas a main board, baseboard, systemboard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board



Motherboard Design



Microprocessor

► A microprocessor -- also known as aCPU or central processing unit -- is a

complete computation engine that isfabricated on a single chip.



Microprocessor Design



Memory

► Memory - is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often

to identify fast, temporary forms of storage



Video Card

► A video card , (also referred to as agraphics accelerator card , displayadapter , graphics card , and numerousother terms), is an item of personalcomputer hardware whose function is togenerate and output images to a display .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware





Video Card Design



Power Supply

► In a personal computer (PC), thepower supply is the metal box usually

found in a corner of the case. Thepower supply is visible from the back of many systems because it contains the

power-cord receptacle and the coolingfan.



Power Supply Design



Hard Disk

► Hard Disk Drive (HDD ), commonlyreferred to as a hard drive , hard

disk or fixed disk drive , is a non-volatile storage device which storesdigitally encoded data on rapidly

rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-volatile_storage


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_platters

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_platters






Hard Disk Design



CD ROM

► CD-ROM (an abbreviation of "Compact Disc read-only memory ") is a

Compact Disc that contains dataaccessible by a computer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Disc

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Disc



CD ROM Design



IDE Cable

► This cable will work fine in two-driveconfigurations, but there is a drawback: it'ssuboptimal for one-drive installations. Thesehigh-speed disk cables really should always have a drive on the physical far end of thecable to reduce noise on the bus, but this

cable puts the single drive in the middle



IDE Cable Design



SATA Cable Design



Part II

►

PC ASSEMBLY



Processor Physical InstallationProcedure

► Determine Socket Type► Orient Processor To Socket ►

Open ZIF Socket ► Insert Processor Into Socket ► Check That Chip Is Inserted Fully

► Close ZIF Socket



Heat sink Installation Procedure

► Attach Fan to Heat Sink ► Apply Heat Sink Compound►

Attach Heat Sink



Memory Physical InstallationProcedure

► 1. Identify Installation Socket ► 2. Orient Module ►

3. Insert Module ► 4. Lock Module Into Place ► 5. Double-Check Installation

► 6. Repeat If Necessary: Steps 2 to 5



Installing a Desktop PC Motherboard

► 1. The first step will be to open the case up



2. Optional) Remove the Motherboard Tray



4. Determine MotherboardMounting Location



6. Fasten the Motherboard



7. Attach ATX Control Wires



8. Connect the ATX PowerConnector



9. (Optional) Replace theMotherboard Tray



10. Install Any Port Headers



PART III

► OPERATING SYSTEM

INSTALLATION



OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATIONPROCEDURE

► Turn on the power of your computer► Press delete/F2 to enter the CMOS Setup► Setup the Boot Priority (1 st Boot – CD, 2 nd Boot

HDD)► Press Esc.► Press F10 (To save setup)

► Insert the Start-up Disk (Windows XP) to CD RomDrive.

► The Computer Ask Boot CD.., then Press Enter.



OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATIONPROCEDURE

► Press F8 to Agree► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP► Press “C” to Create Partition.

► Press Enter to Continue Install Win XP► Select Format Using NTFS

► Type the CD Key of Windows XP.► Continue Install by clicking next..



Part IV

PCTROUBLESHOOTING



Troubleshooting Tips

(1) Trial-and-error (2) "It's the cable, s----- .“

(3) Don't be frustrated! (4) Take notes! (5) Take a look?



Troubleshooting Tips for NewMonitors

1. The picture does not appear 2. The Screen is not synchronized

3. The position of the screen is not inthe center 4. The screen is too bright or too dark

5. The screen is shaking



Troubleshooting Tips for a NewMotherboard

► System has no power at all. Powerlight does not illuminate, fan inside thepower supply does not turn on, andindicator light on keyboard does notturn on.

► System inoperative. Keyboard lightsare on, power indicator lights are lit,and hard drive is spinning.



► System does not boot from hard disk drive,can be booted from floppy disk drive.

► System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard

Disk can be read and applications can beused, but booting from Hard Disk isimpossible.

► After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the system nolonger works properly.





► Screen message says "InvalidConfiguration" or "CMOS Failure."

► Screen is blank. ► System does not boot from hard disk

drive, can be booted from floppy disk drive.

► Problem




► Screen goes blank periodically. ► Keyboard failure ► No color on screen. ► Floppy drive lights stays on. ► Error reading drive A: ► C: drive failure. ► Cannot boot system after installing

second hard drive.




► Missing operating system on harddrive.

► Certain keys do not function. ► Keyboard is locked, no keys function.



Trouble Shooting Tips afterInstalling a New Video Card

► Check that the card is seated properly in itsexpansion slot.

► Ensure the display cable is securely fastened tothe card's display connector.

► Make sure that the display and computer areplugged in and receiving power

► If necessary, disable any built-in graphicscapabilities on your motherboard.

► Make sure you selected the appropriate displaydevice and graphics card when you installedyour enhanced driver.

f



Basic Troubleshooting Tips afterInstalling a New Hard Drive

► Verify compatibility ► Check all cards ► Check all connectors and cables ► Verify jumper settings ► Check your power-supply specifications ► Verify the drive-type settings in the system

setup program ► Check for viruses



Additional Tips for HDD

After you install your new drive, yourcomputer will not boot, and no errormessage appears on the screen.

The screen remains blank when youpower up the system.The system does not recognize the drive.

The dealer partitioned and formatted thedrive for you in the store, but the drivedoes not respond when you install it.

http://www.directron.com/hdts.html






















Additional Tips for HDDThe system hangs in FDISK or fails to create orsave the partition record.The system error message, "Drive not Ready,"appears.

The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears.The drive does not format to full capacity.

The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System Disk" or "No ROM Basic - SYSTEMHALTED" appears.The system error message, "HDD controllerfailure" appears.

B i T bl h i Ti f































Basic Troubleshooting Tips afterInstalling a New Memory

1. No Display, 3 short beep2. computer always hang during

the boot process

3. The installation setup interrupt



PART V

► PC MAINTENANCE



PC Maintenance

you use your computer more than a few hours perday, we suggest you not to turn off your computerat the end of the day. Instead turn off only themonitor to save electricity. Daily power up and

down makes the components exposed to high andlow temperature cycles that are not good for thelife-time of the components, particularly the criticalones such as hard drives, CPU, and memory. The

temperature cycle would result in expansion-shrinking cycle for the components. The life-timeof electronic components would be increased if they are run at constant temperature withadequate ventilation.



PC Maintenance

If your area experiences a few times of power outage per year, it is necessary touse a UPS. Sudden power downs while thesystem is running may cause severedamage to hard drives.

A tape backup and a lock to make systems

hard to move are worthy investment forcritical data.



PC Maintenance

Use your hand to touch and feel the coverof your computer at least once a week. Thecover should be at room temperature. If itfeels warm there may be a problem! Check to make sure that the cooling fans on thepower supply and CPU are working

properly. Clean the air pathway on the back of the power supply on a regular basis.



PART VI

► Computer Networking



TOOLS IN NETWORKING

► RJ-45► Twisted pair cable► Crimp tool► Ethernet hub ► router

► Network Adapter Card (NIC)



RJ 45

► Eight-conductor data cable contains 4 pairsof wires. Each pair consists of a solid (orpredominantly) colored wire and a whitewire with a stripe of the same color.



Twisted Pair Cable

► Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring inwhich two conductors are wound togetherfor the purposes of canceling outelectromagnetic interference (EMI) fromexternal sources, electromagnetic radiation from the UTP cable, and crosstalk between

neighboring pairs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_interference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabling



Crimp Tool

► crimps RJ45 modular plugs. Simply placethe plug with the cable in the crimp tool andsqueeze the grips together, thus causingthe plug to bite into the cable.



Ethernet Hub

► An Ethernet hub or concentrator is adevice for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together,making them act as a single segment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair



Router

► A router is a device that determines theproper path for data to travel betweendifferent networks, and forwards datapackets to the next device along thispath.They connect networks together; aLANto a WAN for example, to access the

Internet .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN



Router



Router Connection



Wiring Diagrams for StraightThrough, Cross Over and Y cables



Straight Through

Straight Through Cable Color Code

Pin 1Pin 2Pin 3Pin 4Pin 5

Pin 6Pin 7Pin 8

white orangeorangewhite greenbluewhite blue

greenwhite brownbrown



Cross Over

Cross Over Cable Color Code

Pin 1Pin 2Pin 3Pin 4Pin 5Pin 6Pin 7Pin 8

white greengreenwhite orangebluewhite blueorangewhite brownbrown



Y cables

Pin 1Pin 2Pin 3

Pin 6

white orangeorangewhite green

green

Pin 1

Pin 2Pin 3Pin 6

blue

white bluewhite brownbrown



Connecting 2 Computers using LAN

► Connect the cable to the LAN Card and theother end to Ethernet Hub.



Click Network Connection



Click the Local Area Connection



Click the Properties of LAN



Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)



Type the IP Address

► Class A Network Address 1-126► Class B Network Address 128-191► Class C Network Address 192-254► Spare Address 127

Select Use the ff. IP address



& Type the Specified IP Address, then click OK.

For the Other Computer type the IP Address



with the same class, then change only the lastnumber of the Address.

► Example► PC1 192.168.0.1► PC2 192.168.0.2► PC3 192.168.0.3► And so on…



Sharing your Internet to other PC

► Use 2 LAN Card to your server.► The internet is connected to the server in

the LAN card1 and the Lan card #2 isconnected to hub/switch.

Procedure in Sharing your internet to



Procedure in Sharing your internet toother workstation (PC)

► Click the control panel

► Click Network Wizard



Click Network Wizard



Click Next



Click Next

l h f h h



Select the first choice, then Next

Select the Local Area connection where the



Select the Local Area connection where theinternet is connected, then Next

Type the Computer Description and



Type the Computer Description andName, then Next

T MSHOME h N



Type MSHOME, then Next

S l P i Sh i h N



Select Printer Sharing, then Next

Cli k N



Click Next

Cli k N



Click Next

S l h l h i h N



Select the last choice, then Next

Cli k Fi i h



Click Finish

Configure the IP Address of Local



g Area Connection 2 of the other LAN

The Other Workstation is ready for Internet



yconnection by configuring IP Address of LAN

T Fi d th DNS S IP Add



To Find the DNS Server IP Address

Cli k P ti



Click Properties

Cli k D t il



Click Details

List of IP Address of the Server



List of IP Address of the Server

The Other Workstation is ready for Internet



yconnection by configuring IP Address of LAN



WORKSHOP ONLAN

PC Assembly, Trouble Shooting & Networking

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