PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

7/22/2019 PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

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Arab British Academy for Higher Education.

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PC Assembling and Logical Circuits


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: AND OR NOT NAND OR)( NOR)( :

:


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:

.

"" .

AND OR NOT )INVERTER.(

. .


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. .

))1))HIGH ))LOW

)0( )1( )TRUE( )0( )FALSE.( )Positive Logic( )Negative Logic.(

))1 )0( ))0

.)1(


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AND

AND )Logical Multiplication( AND )Logic Functions.( )A,B(

)Two Binary Variables( )0( )Open( )1(

).)Closed

""L )1( )ON( )0( )OFF.(


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)L( ).)Truth Table BAL ONON ONOFF OFFON OFFOFF

:AND))Standard

A, B YAND. .AND ,A))1))bitsB)1( AND ).)1))1

)( :

N = 2n

nN.


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8 . :AND

Y = A B :Y A AND B)AND( :Y = AB

.A AND BY )Pulses( .

AND .

A , B )1( Y1t )1( YB))0A2t )0( . .


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OROR .

))Logical Addition . AND A , B )0( )Open( )1().)Closed

:BALONON ONOFF OFFON OFFOFF


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)1( )1( )0( :.))0

YAB

111110

101

000

:ORY = A + B

.)OR(+A OR BY: OR AND .


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))1A , B t1 Y )1.( .


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NOT)INVERTER( NOT )Inversion( ))1

).)1))0))0 NOT ..

. YA

1001

:Y :Y not A Abar .A bar AY


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NAND AND

)NAND( )NOT AND( AND .

AND .

YAB

100110

101

011

.NAND )0( ))1 ))1 ))0 AND. NAND


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NOT,OR,AND :NAND

ABY

NAND NAND)0( ).)1

A , B )1( t1Y )0.( t2 A )0( B )1(

.))1Y


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OR)( OR ) (

XOR-gate. XOR .

XOR

YAB

000110

101

011A-B))1))Y )1( )0( )0( .


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XOR OR 1=B=A XOR )1(

))1))1 :

BABAY

:BAY

XORBA NOTORAND .XOR


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XOR .


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NOR)(XNORNOR .. XNOR

.XOR

XNOR

YAB

100010

001

111

)Y( )1( A-B A = B = 0A = B = 1 )0( . )0( )1(


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)0( :.

BAABY

:BAY

XNOR NOTORAND .XNOR


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XNOR .


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)Boolean Algebra( )Boolean Expression( . .

)1:(A + 0 = A OR )0( A )1()0.( A=1 )1(

))0A=0.A A. ).)A+0=A))0OR

)2:(A + 1 = 1A))1OR )1(

).)0 )1( OR )1(. OR

).)1) (A + 1 = 1)1()3:(A 0 = 0

AND )0( A )0( . )0) (A))0AND 0 = 0.(

)4:(A 1 = A


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AND )1( A )A( A = 0 AND )0( A = 1 AND )1(

).1( AND )1( )A 1 = A.(

)5:(A +A = A AOR + 1A = 10 + 0 = 0A = 0.1 = 1.

):)61AA : A OR A ).)1 11000A = 0 .A = 110111 .

)7:(A * A = A ANDA . A = 0 0 * 0 = 0 A = 1 1 * 1 = 1 .AAND


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)8(:0AA A ANDA ))0 AA )0( .))0AND))0)9:(AA . A = 0 )1()1( )0( .):)10

:))4))2A + AB = A(1 + B)

= A(1)= A


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. :

1 ANDB,ABA.2 ANDC,ACA.3ORCA,BACABA :

CABAY


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. :)EFDC(ABY

A , B )EFDC( AND )EFDC( C , D ANDE , FAND :.ORAND

)EFDC( EF,DC

D


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.)EFDC(AB :

1 NOTD.2 ANDEF,DC.3 OR)EFDC( .4 ANDY. :


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.

YCBA

00000100

1010

0110

0001010110110111

: .1 Y = 1 Y = 1 AA = 0, B = 1, C = 0 CBA )1(


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)0( )1( .CAB

.2 Y = 1 OR :CABCBAY

CBA AND CAB ANDC,B,A .OR : NOT C,A AND CBA,

CABOR CABCBA .


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)1 or 0.( )4=22(

.))8=23 )1( )Y( ))0 .

:

ABCCABCBACBAY

A, B, C :111ABC,110CAB,010CBA,000CBA


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Y1 :.Y0

YCBA

10000100

10100110

0001010110111111


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( ( .

.

:AAA A 123 :

:A +1 = 12


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:4 .

.

.

.A, B, C


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:


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:1

2 :

YCBA

00001100

0010

1110

0001110100110111

3 .


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: : .

) ( . .

3.3 3.3 0 .

. )logic gate( . . )Boolean logic( )George Boole.( :

ANDORNOTNAND) AND( . AND . OR . NOT


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NAND. AND .

. )switch( )digital switch.( .

)metal-oxide semi-conductor field-effect transistor,MOSFET.(:

. 3.3 ) ( .5

. .

)on()off(offon .


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AND OR . AND. OR

.AND ) ( . . . OR . 2OR

. . . ) ( . .

IC. IC IC IC ( )


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)very large-scasleintegration,VLSI.( .

Intel4004 . )registers( )system clock.( . . )bit pattern( . . 16

16 . 32 32 64 . . . . )system clock.(

.


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. ) .)

)pipelining( )superscalarexecution.(

))pipelines . .

).)pipeline depth 4)(80286 80486 .

.MMX . .


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: Digital Ic

switching FET Binary Digit

3

NAND4 :TTL

Transistor Transis Logic :TTL low power TTL High Speed TTL Schottky TTLTTL

Vcc4.55


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TruthTable: 1\"1\"4 "\\"0

)( (relays )

..

.) )


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:switchingcounterscomputationdisplaymemory storagegatesflip flopdriver , bufferregistersmemory


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RAMrandom access memory .ROMread only memory

.


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:

Free MotherboardHalf cache .. " ... .. ...

. :

.AppleIBM IBM

.

DEFRAGSCANDISK .


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Cache RAM Full CacheHalf Cache!! Full cache

Intel128KBHalf cache512KBXeonCache2MBQuad Cache .....

!!"" MicroprocessorMacroprocessorXeon AI !!!! ".... Quad Cache !!!


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:

.

: Intel

( (AMD . ( .2.4

23( ) ( )43

66 100133400533342800 .4BC


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: Cache RAM 3

512KB 256KB.

: .. Chipset . 800 USB2 ..UDMA100

8xAGP PCI Built-in Mainboards


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.

( " Built-inMainboards(

.:RAM)( .

MB . RAMof256MB.

CACHE Cache 512K 4. DDRAM 400 DDRAM2 .667533


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: .

HardDisk 40 GB GB . UDMA)( . IDE

Serial ATASCSI.:

GeforcenVIDIA64MB

DirectX9MPEG .Resoulution


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: .. Dot Pitch 0.240.28 Digital Control .

. Thin Flat DisplaysLCD - TFT.:

.. .


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1.44MB: .3.5:

.

Optical . .


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: .. :

240V 450V .

... USB ..

: :DOT MATRIX INKJET

LASER. .

50%. . .


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. .:

.

:.

.


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:1.6865)((nForce2 )256MBDDR40GB .((US Robotics56K7200 rpm17.DVD-Rom/CD-RW

. .4.1

:43.0 800 875512MB2

60GB64MB Geforce 590019

0.24DVDCD-

RW


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: 21 SCSI USB2 .


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PC Assembling and Logical Circuits

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