Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

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Patrick M. Barkey, Director Bureau of Business & Economic Research The University of Montana

description

Keynote address given by Dr. Patrick Barkey, director of the Bureau of Business and Economic Research at the University of Montana, during the 2011 Montana Economic Outlook Seminars.

Transcript of Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Page 1: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Patrick M. Barkey, Director Bureau of Business & Economic  Research

The University of Montana

Page 2: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Longest and Deepest  Recession Since WW II

Real Gross Domestic Product as a Percent of pre‐Recession Peak

Source:  U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Percent

Quarter

2007

Page 3: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Economic Balance:   A Process Not an Outcome

Consumption Production

Saving Investment

Supply Demand

Exports Imports

Page 4: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Signs of  Economic Imbalance

1.

Housing Price Boom2.

Low Savings and High Borrowing

3.

Global Trade Imbalances4.

Government Deficits

Page 5: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

“Things that can’t go on  forever usually don’t”

‐Herbert Stein, Nixon Policy Advisor, 1973.

Page 6: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

The Recession Corrected Some

1.

Housing Price Boom2.

Low Savings and High Borrowing

3.

Global Trade Imbalances4.

Government Deficits

NoGetting Worse

Page 7: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

New Home Construction  Right in Line with Fundamentals

Growth in Households (thousands)

New Home Construction (thousands)

1960‐69

1990‐99

1980‐89

1970‐79

2000‐07

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Housing Price to Income Ratio  Comes Back to Earth

Ratio of Home Price Index to Median Household Income, U.S., Index Jan 2000 = 100

FHFA

Case‐Shiller

Page 9: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Consumers are shedding debt Household financial obligations as a percent 

of disposable personal income

Source:  Federal Reserve.

Percent

Page 10: Paying for the Recession: Rebalancing Montana's Economy

Households Are Saving  More of Their Income

Forecast

U.S. Savings as Percent of Disposable Personal Income.

Source:  Bureau of Economic Analysis and IHS Global Insight.

Percent

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Current Account Surpluses and Deficits  as a Percentage of World GDP

Source:  International Monetary Fund.

Percent

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Total Tax Collections by State and Local 

Governments, Inflation‐Adjusted 

and Seasonally Adjusted.  Index, 1989Q1 = 100 

Source:  U.S. Census Bureau.

State

Local

Index, 1989Q1=100

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Challenges to Status Quo  for State and Local Governments

• Budget deficits from recession:  $140 bill. in  FY11, $102 bill. in FY12

• End of stimulus• Property tax declines lag changes in property 

values• Medicaid obligations are growing• Underfunded pensions

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Public Pension Shortfalls:   Worse Than You Think

Pew Center for the States  estimates total shortfall at  end of FY 2008.

$1 Trillion

Since this study, pension  funds have declined in 

value by 25%.

AEI study estimated total short  fall in 2010 if public funds used  the same accounting rules 

private sector funds have to use.

$3 Trillion

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Even Optimistic Projections  Say Federal Debt Will Grow

Alternative 

Fiscal Scenario

Extended 

Baseline Scenario

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Spending in the Absence of Aging 

and Excess Cost Growth

Effect of Aging

Effect of Excess Cost Growth

Social Security and Health Program 

Spending as Percent of GDP

Drivers of Entitlement  Spending Growth

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Symptoms of Congressional  Dysfunction

• Inability to pass a budget this year• Difficulty in dealing with temporary tax provisions• Opposition to defense cuts advocated by the

Secretary of Defense• Persistent inability to pass appropriations bills by the 

beginning of fiscal year• Embodying controversial policies in must‐pass 

legislation• Republicans vehemently opposed to tax hikes, 

Democrats vehemently opposed to benefit cuts

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Getting on the  Right Course

• Housing Price Bubble• Consumer Debt Repair• International Trade Imbalances

• Government deficitsRetaliation versus Cooperation

States:  Redesign Medicaid

Reform Pensions

U.S.:  Health Care Costs

Entitlement Reform

Repair Well Underway

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Questions?