Oxidative Aging Model-How it Relates to the Prediction of Pavement ...
Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium July 17, 2008 ...Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium...
Transcript of Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium July 17, 2008 ...Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium...
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Pavement Performance Prediction Symposium July 17, 2008 University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming
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Acknowledgements:John D’Angelo - FHWA
FHWA Mobile Asphalt Testing Laboratory ProgramFHWA Mobile Asphalt Testing Laboratory ProgramChuck Paugh – Project Manager
Jagan Gudimettla – Mixture Project EngineerSatish Belagutti – Binder Project Engineer
Raj Dongré – DLS, IncJustin Tesch – Mix Technician
Joshua Thompson – Mix TechnicianDavid Heidler – Binder Technician
Darnel Jackson – Binder Technician
also FHWA Turner also FHWA Turner FairbankFairbank Highway Research CenterHighway Research CenterNelson GibsonScott Parobeck
Frank Davis
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How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.?
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Currently 12 Technologies Actively Marketed and Available in the U.S.
How Many WMA Technologies are Available in the U.S.?
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MO
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Interstate 70, Dillon, CO
Dillon
70 miles West of Denver, CO
Elevation 8,800 – 11,100
Feet
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East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY
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MAMTL Trailer WMA ProjectsWarm Mix Asphalt Projects
Location Mix DesignLab Compaction
Level , GyrationsBase Binder
GradeTechnologies
Hall St., St. Louis, MO 12.5mm Superpave 100 PG 70-22
Aspha-MinEvothermSasobit
I-70, Dillon, CO, Westof Eisenhower Tunnel
9.5mm Superpave 75 PG 58-28
AdveraEvothermSasobit
East Entrance Road, Yellowstone National Park, WY
19mmHveem 75 PG 58-34 Advera
Sasobit
Mobile Asphalt Mixture Testing Laboratory
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Advera WMA
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Advera WMA
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Emulsion
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DAT
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FHWA Power Chart12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672
1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 .0
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
JMFMaximum Density LinePCS
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FHWA Power Chart12.5 mm Superpave, MO 0672
1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 .0
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
JMFMaximum Density LineControlSasobit T1Sasobit T2Evotherm T1Evotherm T2Aspha Min
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MOAsphalt Binder Content
4.74.95.15.35.55.75.96.1
Control Sasobit280F
Sasobit240F
Evotherm280F
Evotherm240F
Aspha-Min280F
Per
cent
Va- Voids in Total Mix
1.52
2.53
3.54
4.55
5.56
Control Sasobit280F
Sasobit240F
Evotherm280F
Evotherm240F
Aspha-Min280F
Per
cern
t
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MOVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate
13
14
15
16
17
Control Sasobit280F
Sasobit240F
Evotherm280F
Evotherm240F
Aspha-Min280F
Per
cern
t
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FHWA Power Chart9.5mm Superpave, CO0777
0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 190
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 .0 4 .0
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
Maximum Density Line
Mix Design
PCS
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FHWA Power Chart9.5mm Superpave, CO0777
1912.59.54.752.361.180.60.30.0750
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 .0 4 .0
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
Maximum Density LineMix DesignPCSControl 1Control 2Advera 1Advera 2Sasobit 1Sasobit 2
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Interstate 70, Dillon, COAsphalt Binder Content
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sample Number
Perc
ent
Ign Pb USL LSL Target
Va- Voids in Total Mix
123456
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sample Number
Per
cern
t
Va USL Target LSL
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Interstate 70, Dillon, COVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate
14
15
16
17
18
19
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Sample Number
Per
cern
t
VMA Target USL LSL
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94.793.793.295.7(single
data point)
93.393.8MatDensity
(% Rice)
235*230*243*At ScreedTemp. (°F)
243*235*260*DeliveryTemp. (°F)
363650505454Low AirTemp. (°F)
8-13-07Evotherm
Control7-26-07Sasobit
Control7-24-07AdveraWMA
ControlMixType
FieldProperty
* Minimum delivery temp for control HMA was 280 °F
Chart is Courtesy of CODOT
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO
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FHWA Power Chart19 mm Hveem, WY 0778
0.075 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 25190.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
0 4
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
Maximum Density Line
JMF
PCS
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FHWA Power Chart19 mm Hveem, WY 0778
0.075 0.30.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 25190.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
0 4
Sieve Size Raised to 0.45 Power
Perc
ent P
assi
ng
0
1
Maximum Density LineJMFPCSControl Avg.Advera Avg.Sasobit Avg.
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East Entrance, Yellowstone, WYAsphalt Binder Content
4.6
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Sample Number
Per
cent
CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX
Va- Voids in Total Mix
2.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0
10.011.012.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Sample Number
Per
cern
t
CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX
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East Entrance, Yellowstone, WYVMA- Voids in Mineral Aggregate
10.011.012.013.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Sample Number
Per
cern
t
VMA Target USL LSL
CONTROL MIX ADVERA MIX SASOBIT MIX
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East Entrance, Yellowstone, WY
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ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of three Warm Mix process namely Sasobit, Aspha-Min and Evotherm on M320-Table 2 Performance GradeTo Compare the Performance Grades of Warm Mix processes with the base asphalt used in preparing warm mix asphalts
Binder Characterization
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Study Approach
Experiment DesignBase Asphalt PG 70-22Base Asphalt + 1.5% SasobitBase Asphalt + 5.26% Aspha-MinEvotherm – (emulsion)
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MO
64 64 -- 222266.6 66.6 –– 26.726.7Evotherm
(recovered per ASTM D 6934)
5.26%70 70 -- 222272.4 72.4 –– 24.624.6w/ Aspha-Min
1.5%76 76 -- 222276.5 76.5 –– 22.822.8w/ Sasobit
70 70 -- 222270.9 70.9 –– 24.824.8Base
Additive Rate, by wt of binder
M320, Table 2Performance Grade
M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MO
-24.8 -22.8 -24.6
70.9 76.5 72.4
-32
-16
0
16
32
48
64
80
Base Asphalt Sasobit Aspha-min
Asphalt Binders
Cont
inuo
us P
G
High TemperatureLow Temperature
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MOPG Comparison - Evotherm
-23.3 -25.9 -26.6 -26.7
70.1 68.2 67.6 66.6
-32
-16
0
16
32
48
64
80
BASF Method-BASF BASF Method-FHWA British ASTM D6934
Asphalt Binders
Cont
inuo
us P
G
High TemperatureLow Temperature
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I-70, Dillon, CO
No Data Obtained Due to ScheduleNo Data Obtained Due to ScheduleEvotherm
4.33%58 58 -- 282860.7 60.7 –– 30.430.4Advera
58 58 –– 282861.1 61.1 –– 30.930.9Aspha-Min
1.5%64 64 –– 222264.2 64.2 –– 29.229.2Sasobit
58 58 –– 282859.9 59.9 –– 30.330.3Base
Additive Rate, by wt of binder
M320, Table 2Performance Grade
M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade
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I-70, Dillon, CO
-30.3 -29.2 -30.4 -30.9
59.9 64.2 60.7 61.1
0
-32
-16
0
16
32
48
64
80
Base Sasobit Advera Asphamin Evotherm
Asphalt Binders
Cont
inuo
us P
G
High TemperatureLow Temperature
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East Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY
5.2%58 58 –– 282861.2 61.2 –– 33.233.2Advera
1.5%64 64 –– 282865.1 65.1 –– 32.032.0Sasobit
58 58 –– 282860.2 60.2 –– 34.134.1Base
Additive Rate, by wt. of binder
M320, Table 2Performance Grade
M320 ContinuousPerformance Grade
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East Entrance Road, Yellowstone, CO
-34.1 -32 -33.2
60.2 65.1 61.2
-48
-32
-16
0
16
32
48
64
80
Base Sasobit Advera
Asphalt Binders
Cont
inuo
us P
G
High TemperatureLow Temperature
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FindingsSasobit – increase of one high temp. PG grade Aspha-Min - no effect on PG gradeEvotherm
recovered at BASF, no effect on the PG graderecovered from the stored emulsion, reduced by one high temp. PG grade
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FindingsEmulsion recovery processes had no effect on the PG. The PGs from all three recovery methods were found to be the same ASTM D6934 was found to be the quickest and easiest process to recover the Evotherm residue from emulsion
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ObjectivesWhen should WMA performance specimens be testedWhat are the effects of reheating on WMA performance test propertiesApproach
Immediate Compaction / Immediate TestingImmediate Compaction / Delayed TestingReheated Compaction and Testing
Mixture Characterization
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St. Louis Paving ScheduleControl (12.5mm PG 70-22) – 5/17/06Sasobit – 5/18/06Sasobit – 5/19/06Evotherm – 5/22/06Evotherm – 5/23/06Aspha-Min – 5/25/06
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SamplingTruck bed ≈ every 2 hours of production
Volumetric• Pb – Ignition• Gmm
• Gmb
Immediate TestingE* and Fn next day after manufactureTSR and Hamburg (TFHRC)
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SamplingTruck bed ≈ every 2 hours of production
Volumetric• Pb – Ignition• Gmm
• Gmb
Delayed TestingE* and Fn testing 2-3 weeks after manufactureTSR and Hamburg (TFHRC)
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SamplingReheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC1~2 tons mixture
15 – 5 gallon bucketsSPT; TSR; Hamburg
Nelson Gibson - TFHRC
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SamplingReheated compaction and testing conducted by TFHRC1~2 tons mixture
15 – 5 gallon bucketsSPT; TSR; Hamburg
Nelson Gibson - TFHRC
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Superpave Gyratory Compactor366 specimens fabricated over 6 days
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Dynamic Modulus (E*)Test Temperatures
4.4º C (40º F)21.1º C (70º F)37.8º C (100º F)54.4º C (130º F)
Frequencies0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 Hz
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Master Curve – Arrenhius Fit
1
10
100
1000
10000
1.E-10 1.E-08 1.E-06 1.E-04 1.E-02 1.E+00 1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06
Reduced Time, sec
E*, k
si
4.4° C 21.1° C37.8° C 54.4° CFit
0.1 Hz1 Hz5 Hz25 Hz
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Immediate
Delayed
Reheated
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Control Mixture
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Immediate-280 F
Delayed-280 F
Reheated-280 F
Immediate-240 F
Delayed-240 F
Reheated-240 F
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Sasobit Mixture
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Immediate-280 F
Delayed-280 F
Reheated-280 F
Immediate-240 F
Delayed-240 F
Reheated-240 F
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Evotherm Emulsion Mixture
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Immediate
Delayed
Reheated
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Aspha-min Mixture
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Control Mix
Sasobit 280ºF
Sasobit 240ºF
Evotherm 280ºF
Evotherm 240ºF
Aspha-Min 280ºF
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted – Immediately Tested
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10
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1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05Reduced Time, sec
E*, M
Pa
Control Mix
Sasobit 280ºF
Sasobit 240ºF
Evotherm 280ºF
Evotherm 240ºF
Aspha-Min 280ºF
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Immediately Compacted – Delayed Testing
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10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*, M
PaControl Mix
Sasobit 280ºF
Sasobit 240ºF
Evotherm 280ºF
Evotherm 240ºF
Aspha-Min 280ºF
Hall Street, St. Louis, MO Reheated Compaction – Delayed Testing
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E* - Master Curve
I-70, Frisco, CO
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Control MixAdveraSasobit
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E* - Master Curve
E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WYPb - 5.3%, Mix Design Replication
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Control Mix Advera
Sasobit
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E* - Master Curve
E. Entrance Rd, Yellowstone, WY Average WMA Production
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100
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10000
100000
1.E-09 1.E-07 1.E-05 1.E-03 1.E-01 1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05
Reduced Time, sec
E*,
MP
a
Control Mix Advera
Sasobit
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Test TemperaturesLTTPBind, Version 3.1 SoftwareSite pavement temperature @ 50% Reliability
• Pavement Temperature• Pavement Temperature + 6° C• Pavement Temperature - 6° C
Flow Number, Fn
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Hall Street, St. Louis, MOTest Temperatures
46º C (115º F)52º C (126º F)58º C (136º F)
Loading600 kPa – Deviator Stress0 kPa – Confining Pressure
Flow Number, Fn
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Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Contro
lSas
obit T
1Sas
obit T
2Evo
therm
T1Evo
therm
T2Asp
ha - M
inCon
trol
Sasob
it T1
Sasob
it T2
Evothe
rm T1
Evothe
rm T2
Aspha
- Min
Contro
lSas
obit T
1Sas
obit T
2Evo
therm
T1Evo
therm
T2Asp
ha - M
inFl
ow N
umbe
r, cy
cles
46° C 52° C 58° C
Flow Number, Fn
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Immediate and Delayed Test Specimens
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Contro
lSas
obit T
1Sas
obit T
2Evo
therm
T1Evo
therm
T2Asp
ha - M
inCon
trol
Sasob
it T1
Sasob
it T2
Evothe
rm T1
Evothe
rm T2
Aspha
- Min
Contro
lSas
obit T
1Sas
obit T
2Evo
therm
T1Evo
therm
T2Asp
ha - M
inTo
tal C
ycle
s @
5%
Str
ain
46° C 52° C 58° C
Flow Number, Fn
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I-70 - Frisco, COTest Temperatures
36º C (97º F)42º C (108º F)48º C (118º F)
Loading689 kPa (100 psi) – Deviator Stress69 kPa (10 psi) – Confining Pressure
Flow Number, Fn
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm
Flow
Num
ber,
cycl
es
36° C 42° C 48° C
I-70 Flow Number, Fn
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Control Advera Sasobit Evotherm
Tota
l Cyc
les
@ 5
% S
trai
n
36° C 42° C 48° C
I-70 Flow Number, Fn
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FindingsImmediate vs. Delayed Testing
Evotherm & Aspha-Min• Performance testing - delayed after specimen
manufactureSasobit
• Performance testing can be conducted immediately after specimen manufacture
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14.8610.1010.4917.319.799.46Hamburg(mm rut)
343536353436Stability8094111*9783100TSR (%)
15.816.315.916.515.716.5VMA (%)2.23.62.43.01.83.1Voids (%)
6.386.046.326.416.386.23AC (%)
Results are from the CDOT QA lab – QC results were comparable
8-13-07Evotherm
Control7-26-07Sasobit
Control7-24-07AdveraWMA
ControlMixType
LabProperty
* Average of other control mix tested on the job.
Regardless of Hamburg Rut Depth, Moisture damage more prevalent in the WMA samples than the control samples – see following pictures
Chart is Courtesy of CODOT
Interstate 70, Dillon, CO
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I-70 Hamburg Advera
CONTROL 9.46 mm
ADVERA 9.79 mm
CDOT Hamburg History:75 gyration mixtures typically fail Hamburg, but fail primarily due to plastic flow rutting rather than stripping/moisture damage
*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT
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CONTROL 17.31 mm
SASOBIT 10.49 mm
I-70 Hamburg Sasobit
*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT
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CONTROL 10.10 mm
Evotherm14.86 mm
I-70 Hamburg Evotherm
*Data and Photos are Courtesy of CODOT
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Control - 3.82 mm and 4.00 mmAdvera - 3.80 mm and 3.25 mmSasobit - 3.28 mm and 2.60 mm
*All the testing was performed at 40°C wet and reported at 20,000 passes.
Yellowstone Hamburg
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WMA Technical Working Group (TWG)WMA Technical Working Group (TWG)FHWA / NAPA sponsoredCo-Chairs
Matthew Corrigan, FHWARon White, Industry
RepresentedState DOTState APANCATHot Mix Asphalt Industry
AASHTOLaborNIOSH
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International WMA ConferenceInternational WMA ConferenceNAPA, FHWA & AASHTO sponsoredNAPA, FHWA & AASHTO sponsoredNovember 11November 11--13, 2008 in Nashville, TN13, 2008 in Nashville, TNFeatures:Features:
ProcessesProcessesMix Production & PlacementMix Production & PlacementEnergy consumptionEnergy consumptionMix DesignMix DesignMaterial PropertiesMaterial PropertiesEnvironmental PerformanceEnvironmental Performance
EngineeringState of the PracticeFuture Direction
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Warm Mix Asphalt: Best PracticesWarm Mix Asphalt: Best PracticesQuality Improvement Quality Improvement Series (QIP) 125Series (QIP) 125
Stockpile Moisture ManagementStockpile Moisture ManagementBurner Adjustments and Burner Adjustments and EfficiencyEfficiencyAggregate Drying and Aggregate Drying and BaghouseBaghouseTemperaturesTemperaturesDrum Slope and Drum Slope and FlightingFlightingCombustion AirCombustion AirRAP usageRAP usagePlacement ChangesPlacement Changes
7979
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WMA European Scan TourWMA European Scan TourJoint Program w/ FHWA, AASHTO,NCHRP and IndustryPublicationFHWA-PL-08-007Scan Final Report
Electronic copy.pdf available at
8080
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