Chapter 2Patterns of Associations

Follow along while Ms. Bjelko reviews how to use a dichotomous key to identify an insect.

YOU will individually answer the 2 analysis questions AND identify the 14 sharks into the correct family.

THERE ARE NO DUPLICATE ANSWERS

Dichotomous Keys: a list of guidelines to help you identify an organism that you do not know

By food choice By evolutionary history By reproductive methods By geography By body structure …..and many, many more!

There are many ways to organize marine organisms.

Dividing by location in the ocean

Benthos- all organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean.

Within the Pelagic Division:◦ Nekton- large, actively swimming organisms◦ Plankton- tiny organisms with little swimming

ability- mainly pulled around by currents. Phytoplankton- photosynthetic Zooplankton- non-photosynthetic

Evolutionary adapatations◦ Any inherited trait that helps the organism stay

alive.◦ Examples?

Ecological adaptations◦ Adjustments made by a living organism during it’s

life to deal with changes in it’s habitat◦ Examples?

Organisms have adaptations for their particular home.

Taxonomy of Marine Life

Phylogenic Tree aka Cladogram

You will not have to memorize the full classification of marine organisms, but you must know the RULES and GENERAL CATEGORIES for classification

YOU WERE ALREADY TAUGHT K P C O F G S

NOTE for students

Species: populations of organisms having common characteristics and successfully breed with each other

There are other ways to define a species, but we will work with this one!

Biological Species Concept

Domain Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria-Prokaryotes)

Domain Archaea (Kingdom Archaebacteria- Prokaryotes)

Domain Eukarya (4 other kingdoms- Eukaryotes)◦ Kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista

3 Domains from common ancestry

IF YOU ARE IN AP BIO DO NOT ANSWER THIS QUESTION:

Which domain is most like the FIRST living things on earth?

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

6 Kingdoms

Biology is constantly changing- this is how organisms used to be grouped: MONERA became the 2 different groups of bacteria.

Next Potential Change: Get rid of Protista and split plants into 2 different kingdoms

Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Cetacea Suborder Mysticeti Family

Balaenopteridae Genus

Balaenoptera Species musculus

Taxonomy of the Blue Whale

Each individual group of organisms must have its own unique species name.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Name is the genus and species of the

organism Latin Created by person/people who identify the

species

Rules for Taxonomy

Balaenoptera musculus

Also correct to write it as

Balaenoptera musculus

Any other variations are INCORRECT

Binomial Nomenclature of the Blue Whale

Usually by physical traits Also adding DNA sequences now that we

can easily get that info

How do we classify an organism?

Aka cladogram Charts showing the evolutionary

relationships between organisms. Arranged by looking at/for common

anscestral species fossils OR Comparing DNA

Phylogenic trees

Living together Different variations in the oceans

Symbiosis

mutualism

commensalism

parasitism

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