PATRICK DUFF, M.D.. OVERVIEW Small group teaching One-on-one teaching Providing feedback.
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Transcript of PATRICK DUFF, M.D.. OVERVIEW Small group teaching One-on-one teaching Providing feedback.
PATRICK DUFF, M.D.
OVERVIEWSmall group teaching
One-on-one teachingProviding feedback
ClerkshipDirector
Residency DirectorBasic Science and Clinical Teacher
Assoc Dean forStudents
Parent
MAXIMIZING TEACHINGKEY PREMISE
Presenting a lecture is the most EFFICIENT way to provide information to a large number of trainees
MAXIMIZING TEACHINGKEY PREMISE
However, most adults learn more EFFECTIVELY in smaller groups or during one-on-one instruction
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGQuiet roomAppropriate lighting
Appropriate temperature
Adequate and comfortable seating
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHING
Avoid distractions
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGKnow the names of all participants
Insist that students prepare beforehand by reading and/or completing written exercises
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGEngage everyoneDo not let a single individual dominate the discussion
Present the question to everyone before asking someone to answer
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGProvide an overview
of the importance of the subject
Tie the discussion to the care of a particular patient
Correct inaccurate answers, but always in a positive wayTry to find some
kernel of truth in every response
KEYS TO EFFECTIVE SMALL GROUP TEACHINGStay within the allotted time period30 minutes for a formal lecture60 minutes for an interactive seminar
Provide a clear summary of the key points
APPROPRIATE VENUES FOR ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Laboratory
ClinicOperating room
KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGRecognize that time is limited
Accept that you do not have to teach everything at once
KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGMake the student
commit to a diagnosis
Probe for additional knowledgeDifferential diagnosis
Complications resulting from the primary diagnosis
KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHINGHave the
student identify the most useful laboratory/imaging tests to differentiate between the possible diagnoses
KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Ask the student to explain the most appropriate treatment
KEYS TO ONE-ON-ONE TEACHING
Correct obvious errors
Provide a capsule summary
RECEPTIVENESS TO FEEDBACK“Honest criticism is hard to take, especially from a relative, friend, acquaintance, or stranger.”
THE NECESSITY FOR FEEDBACKIn the absence of feedback, the student may mistakenly assume that he/she is “doing fine”
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
PrivateControlledEven tempered
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACKTimelyConsistentFrequentClearly identified
Descriptive, not evaluative
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
SpecificFocused on the behavior not the personality
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
Does not infer thoughts or feelings“What you did made
me feel bad.”Avoids personalizationAvoids emotionally-
charged words“Your work has been
worthless.”Avoids inflammatory
words
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACKCombined with praise for positive behaviorThe “feedback sandwich”
Avoid false praise
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK
Provide constructive suggestions for improvement
Provide a clear timeline for re-assessment of performance
CONCLUSIONSSmall group and
one-on-one instruction is preferred in most situations
Students must take active responsibility for the educational encounter
CONCLUSIONSWe all learn better
when we are fully engaged in an interactive learning process
We all learn better in a supportive environment – keep the learner’s chin “up”
CONCLUSIONSFeedback is an essential part of the educational process
Feedback must be private, timely, frequent, and constructive