Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
-
Upload
muths999999 -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 1/26
Patricia Burchat
Department of PhysicsStanford University
Dark Matter, Dark Energy:
Mysteries of the Universe
Hubble Space Telescope
Ultra Deep Field
1
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 2/26
Patricia Burchat
Department of PhysicsStanford University
Dark Matter, Dark Energy:
Mysteries of the Universe
Hubble Space Telescope
Ultra Deep Field
2
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 3/26
http://janus.astro.umd.edu/javadir/orbits/ssv.html
Planetary Motion
Credit: The Astronomy WorkshopA collection of interactive web-based programs for introductory astronomy as well as more advanced courses.
Written by Doug Hamilton and Mike Asbury, http://www.astro.umd.edu/education/education.html
3
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 4/26
The Andromeda Galaxy4
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 5/26
Doppler Shift
Windows to the Universe: http://www.windows.ucar.edu
5
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 6/26
Doppler Shift
JPL Planet Quest: http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/finding_planets.cfm
6
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 7/26
The Andromeda Galaxy7
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 8/26
The Coma Cluster of Galaxies
(visible light)8
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 9/26
The Coma Cluster of Galaxies
(x ray, ROSAT image)9
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 10/26
Gravitational Lensing
http://www.goshen.edu/nasc/NaSc200/Notes/Galaxies/GravLensDiagram.JPG
10
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 11/26
Gravitational Lensing by Galaxy Cluster Abell 2218
Hubble Space Telescope, WFPC2 and ACS
11
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 12/2612
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 13/26
The Bullet Cluster
PINK = gas; BLUE = dark matter
Clowe et al., astro-ph/0608407
13
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 14/2614
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 15/2615
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 16/26
Simulation from Center for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
16
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 17/2617
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 18/26
Expanding Universe
© 1998 Edward L. Wright.
18
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 19/26
Redshift due to theExpansion of Space
19
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 20/26
Standard Candles in the Universe:
Type Ia Supernovae
20
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 21/26
Evolution of a Supernova
Supernova Cosmology Project (P. Nugent: spectral sequence; A. Conley: image sequence)
with the help of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Computer Visualization Laboratory(N. Johnston: animation) at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center.
Time
Wavelength
Brightness
21
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 22/26
Calan/Tololo(Hamuy et al ,A.J. 1996)
SupernovaCosmologyProject
e f f e c t i v e
m B
(0.5,0.5) (0, 0)
( 1, 0 ) (1, 0)(1.5,–0.5) (2, 0)
!!""!##$%$$
( 0, 1 )
F
l a t
#$ %$ &
redshift z
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.00.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0
Perlmutter, et al. (1998)
F A
I N T E R
( F a
r t h e r )
( F u
r t h e r b a c k i n t i m e )
MORE REDSHIFT
(More total expansion of universe since the supernova explosion)
• For a given brightness (distance), redshift is less than expected.
• Universe was expanding at less than the “expected” rate in the past.
• Universe is actually expanding at an ever-increasing rate today!
22
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 23/26
Future Investigations of Dark Matter
andDark Energy:
An Example
23
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 24/26
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
24
8/3/2019 Patricia Burchat- Dark Matter, Dark Energy: Mysteries of the Universe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patricia-burchat-dark-matter-dark-energy-mysteries-of-the-universe 25/26
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
25