PATHOGNOMONIC SIGNSDISEASEPATHOGNOMONIC SIGN

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infectionowls eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells hence the name)

HypocalcemiaChvostek sign (tapping of facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction on other side of face)Trousseau sign (occlusion of brachial artery induces wrist spasm)

Tetanusrisus sardonicus (sustained spasm of facial muscles)

Bulimia nervosachipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling)

Leprosyleonine facies (thickened folded facial skin)

MeaslesKopliks spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa)

Diphtheriapseudomembranes in oral cavity

PancreatitisCullens sign (ecchymosis around umbilicus)Grey-Turners Sign (flank ecchymosis)

Cholerarice water stool (murky watery stool with sediments)washer womans hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration)

Typhoid Feverrose spots

MeningitisKernigs sign (bend hip and knee then flex the knee produces pain)Brudzinskis sign (pressure on the cheek flexes the forearm)

CholecystitisMurphys sign (hesitation on inspiration if gall bladder is palpated)

Angina Pectoris and MILevines sign (clutching of fist on chest)

Patent Ductus Arteriosusmachine-like murmur

Parkinsons Diseasepill-rolling tremor

Pericarditispericardial friction rub

Hodgkins Lymphoma & MononucleosisReed-Sternberg Cells (large multi-nucleated cells)

Rheumatic FeverAschoff bodies (areas of inflammation in the heart)

Rabieshydrophobia

Acute Myelogenous LeukemiaAuer rods (rod-like inclusions in bone marrow cells)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseasebarrel-chested

Scarlet Fever & Kawasaki Diseasestrawberry tongue

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)butterfly rash on the face

AppendicitisMcBurneys point (rebound tenderness)Rovsing sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ)Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip)

ThrombophlebitisHomans sign (bend knee, dorsiflex ankle, pain at popliteal area)

Pyloric Stenosisolive-shaped mass

Hyperthyroidismexophthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs)

Addisons Diseasebronze-colored skin

Cushings Syndromebuffalo hump at napemoon face

Asthmawheezing

Chokingholding of throat

Downs Syndromesingle transverse palmar crease

Tetralogy of Fallotventricular septal defectpulmonary stenosisoverriding aortaright ventricular hypertrophy

Glaucomatunnel vision

Retinal Detachmentflashes of lightshadow with curtain across vision

Myasthenia Gravisptosis (drooping of eyelids)

Dengue FeverHermans sign (petechial rash)

Amoebiasisbloody mucoid stool

Pertussiswhoop sound from inspiration of air after cough

Pneumoniarusty sputum

Peritonitisrigid, board-like abdomen

Basilar Skull Fractureraccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis)Battles sign (mastoid ecchymosis)

Buergers Diseaseintermittent claudication (pain at buttocks or legs from poor circulation resulting in impaired walking)

Chickenpoxvesiculopapular rash

Diabetic Ketoacidosisacetone breath

Pregnancy Induced Hypertensionproteinuriahypertensionedema

Diabetes Mellituspolydipsiapolyphagiapolyuria

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)heartburn

Hirschsprungs Disease (Toxic Megacolon)ribbon-like stool

Volvulus and Intussusceptioncurrant jelly stool

Increase Intracranial PressureCushings Triad (increased BP, decrease RR & HR)

Leptospirosisorange eyes

Multiple Sclerosisdescending paralysis

Guillaine-Barre Syndromeascending paralysis

Oral Thrush/Candidiasiswhite spots on tongue

Osteoporosiskyphosis

Acute Renal Failureazotemia (nitrogen compounds in urine)uremic frost (urea deposits in skin)uremic fetor (ammoniacal breath)

STDMALEFEMALE

Herpes Simples Type IIpainful vesicles on genitalia

Genital Wartswarts 1-2mm in diameter

Syphilispainless chancres

Chancroidpainful chancres

Gonorrheagreen, creamy discharge and dysuria

Chlamydiamilky discharge and dysuria

TrichomoniasisN/Ayellow, itchy, frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharges

CandidiasisN/Awhite cheesy odorless vaginal discharges