Path for Green revolution to evergreen revolution

Prof. Pranab Chattopadhyay,Prof. M Pramanick,Prof S Acharya, Dr S Bhattacharya,Dr B K Senapati, A Sarkar,S K

Ghosh and S K Gayen.BCKV, Ag Dept, WB and Seed Organization.

Changing scenario of rice area production and productivity in W.B after Green revolution

Year Autumn rice Winter rice Summer rice Total rice

A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

57-58

5.46 4.10 751 38.5 39.5 1025 0.18

0.15 830 44.29

43.8 991

67-68

7.37 6.04 818 39.2 44.9 1145 0.54

1.1 2016 47.1 52.1 1105

77-78

8.07 7.51 913 43.1 58.6 1360 3.08

8.82 2857 54.2 74.9 1382

87-88

6.16 6.55 1064 40.7 61.2 1506 7.92

24.9 3142 54.7 92.7 1693

A= area in m ha, P= production in m t and Y= productivity in kg/ha

Year Production (million tones) Procurement

Wheat Rice Total Wheat + Rice

As ratio of productio

n (%)

2008-09 80.68 99.18 179.86 53.98 31.78

2009-10 80.17 89.13 169.84 53.98 31.78

2010-11 82.0 95.41 177.41 53.22 30.0

2011-12 83.61 104.21 187.82 56.35 30.0

2012-13 85.61 106.41 192.41 57.61 30.0

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GoI

The State shares 2.7% land of the country with about 7.6% of its total population. Cropping intensity of 181% (2009-10). Forest coverage is around 11.75 lakh ha.

Current fallows was estimated to be around 3.19 lakh ha.

Around 54 lakh hectares lands (63% of total geographical area of West Bengal) are under cultivation. About 17.53 lakh ha of land is not available forcultivation which include around 28, 000 ha barren landsalso. Rice had the major share occupying 56.3 lakh ha areaduring 2008-09 with a production and productivity of 143.4lakh tones and 2547 kg /ha respectively.

Green Revolution Doubled The Food Grain Production Within Two Decade

Stigma of begging bowl state permanently shed off.

Food grain production increased from 72 million tones in 1967 to 108 million tones in 1971 an increase of 50% in just 4 years!

Crop area under HYV grew from 7% to22% of the total cultivated area during the 10 years of green revolution.

Annual growth rate of 3.5% in food grains in 80s was the hallmark of Green Revolution.

The area under irrigation rose from 22.6 million hectares in 1950 to 59 million hectares in 1990, a 161 per cent growth.

Fertilizer nutrient demand increased from 0.29 million tons in 1960-61 to 13.9 million tons at the end of 1995-96

Area (‘000 ha) of Total Food Grains in West Bengal

Area ('000 ha)

5800

6000

6200

6400

6600

6800

7000

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

Pulses area (‘000 ha) in West Bengal decreased sharply

Area ('000 ha)

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96 2002-03 2007-08

Yield gap of food grains

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

IndiaMax

IndiaAvg

IndiaYG

WBMax

WBAvg

WB YG0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

IndiaMax

IndiaAvg

IndiaYG

WBMax

WBAvg

WB YG

0

500

1000

1500

2000

IndiaMax

IndiaAvg

IndiaYG

WBMax

WBAvg

WB YG

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

IndiaMax

IndiaAvg

IndiaYG

WBMax

WBAvg

WB YG

Rice Pulses

Oilseeds

Wheat

Imbalance use of fertilizer- soil health and productivity potential deteriorating.

Degrading the Agro Ecosystem and Ecological Balance. Intensive Irrigation cause draw down of water table, Arsenic

contamination in ground water ,water logging and salinization.Increasing use of Plant Protection Chemicals-disturbance of

microflora.Reduction of Genetic Diversity.Emphasis was not given on Sustainable Agriculture, Green Revolution spread only ¼ th of Arable Land.Only 32% of total population harvested the benefits of Green

Revolution.

Green Revolution and sustainability

Balance Sheet by End of 20th Century

22 per cent of our population undernourished (according to global hunger index, IFPRI)

78.9 percent of children in the age group of 6-35 months are anemic

40.4 percent of children under the age of three are underweight

33 percent of women in the age group of 15-49 have a body mass index below normal

Enhanced Production and Productivity Restricted to Irrigated areas with high

input.

Comparative rice productive area inWest Bengal

More area is stress prone

Inclusive economic

growth and targeted

strategies to ensure food

sufficiency reduce child

mortality and improve

child nutrition are

urgent priorities for all

states in India.

New Strategies need to be adopted which not only enhance production but must be

Sustainable and Uniformly applicable to handicapped ecologies also

Major technical constraints

Huge Yield gap

Shallow soil depth, high phosphorus fixation and terminal drought in laterite soil

Salinity in Coastal belt and moderate to high acidity in Teraizone

Frequent occurrence of flood/flush flood/poor drainage

Unavailability and Low coverage of situation specific high yielding varieties

Imbalance and low fertilizer use efficiency

Inadequate and delayed supply of good quality seed

Acute zinc deficiency in calcareous soil

Occurrence of pest and diseases as well as post harvest losses

SOLUTION (have to be achieved using less

labor, water, and cultivated land):.

Increase productivity/production

Develop management and technology suitable for handicapped ecology

Decrease cost of production per unit area or earn higher from other crop than that of existing dominant crops

Combat against pest and disease through management and improved technology

Reduction of yield gap.

Sustainable use of the natural resources.

Reduce the indiscriminate use of the agrochemicals.

Increase the nutritional quality of the conventional food

grains.

The largest numbers get the benefit.

Conservation of the depleting natural resources and genetic

diversity of the crops.

Aims:

Enhancement of Seed replacement rate

Promote Seed village concept aggressively.

Development of seed testing lanoratory in each sub division.

Assure production and maintenance of good quality seeds of major crops in each block; even if it is be PPP mode: fine

Reduction of yield gap.

Sustainable use of the natural resources.

Adopt economic Irrigation Systems like-Drip Irrigation

system(DIS), Micro Irrigation System(MIS).

If necessary, take help of professionals and Private sectorsSRI techniques (System of Rice Intensification) in rice.

Judicious use of chemical fertilizer along with organics,Make arrangement of soil test from Farmer’s cooperativePromote green mannuring

Incorporation of at least one legume crop within croppingsystems

Promote private organization/cooperatives for setting up ofpulse processing units including groundnut.

Application of Phosphate Soluble Bacteria (PSB) into thesoil, use of microbial inoculants for degrading organicmatter and balanced integrated plant nutrientmanagement system to be taken care of.

Establish law and laboratory for quality control ofmicrobial inoculants with PSB.

Promote enterprise development among the educatedyouth for production of microbial inoculants with PSBThis University has vast expertise and establishedlaboratory.

Sustainable use of the natural resources.

Applying micronutrients like Ca, S, Zn, B where everapplicable.

At least one soil testing laboratory in eachsubdivision. Assure timely supply and quality ofmicronutrient by rigorous testing (involve state andUniversity laboratories).

Reduce the indiscriminate use of the agrochemicals.

Increase the nutritional quality of the conventional food grains

Follow IPM and IWM strategy in target oriented manner.

Impart training to the growers as well as consumers.

Train and equip district and sub-divisional plant protection officer in this regard.

Where marketing is assured, promote organic farming.

The largest numbers get the benefit.

Develop and adopt drought, submergence, salinity tolerance

varieties suitable for handicapped ecologies

Promote utilization of modern genomic techniques,

particularly for the main crops (rice, maize, chick pea,

tomato etc), within a span of only four years, any abiotic

stress tolerance gene can be introduced into the existing

cultivars. Like, Swarna Sub1, Improved Samba Masuri,

Heat tolerance chick pea already released and became

popular.

This University may play a pivotal role in this regard.

Immediate steps are necessary for developing strategy for

research co-ordination between state and University.

Conservation of the depleting natural resources and

genetic diversity of the crops

Develop a conservation of natural resources and genetic diversity board under the ministry of Agriculture.

Promote land races where suitable and arrange for good quality seed production.

Harvest the export potentiality and marketing of short grain aromatic Bengal landraces of rice

Strengthening the participatory agriculture

Establishment of community nursery bed - to ensure high vigour seedlings for small and marginal farmers

Land preparation in community approach - to ensure proper tillage and levelling of land Use of mechanical planter and harvester according to

holding size of the farmer Emphasis should be given for nutrient management in field

cluster level in community approach Community spraying for effective control of pest and

diseases through mechanical sprayer Creation of farmer’s community knowledge hub Community centre on livelihood and wage

Participation of women SHG in agriculture

Active participation in agri-input preparation

Preparation of organic manure and vermicompost for their own farm family

Large scale use of women for roguing operation in seed production zone for quality seed production

Involvement in value addition of farm produce

Production of botanical pesticides and awareness campaigning for large scale use in their community

Homestead seed production of cucurbits,amaranthus,spinach,dolichos bean

Adoption of suitable post harvest technology to prevent loss during storage

Large scale adoption of modern farm mechanization suitable to our holding size for reduction cost of cultivation.

Better and economic crop husbandry through community approach under PACS

Farm Mechanization

The private sector is unlikely to undertake much of the research needed by small farmers because it cannot expect sufficient returns to cover costs.

Plant Breeders, Biotechnologists, Plant Physiologists and policy makers learn each other language.

Establish clear policies and priorities in R&D to ensure that it can contribute effectively and safely toward poverty reduction and food security

Address the problems of small farmers in the rainfed and marginal areas where most of the poor live

IMAGINE THE SCENARIO-2050 Food Grain Production Doubbled Into

470 million tonnes.

Farm Productivity Improved in

Perpetuity.

Moderate Unhealthy Urbanization.

India Emerge as a large Food Grain

Producer For The World.

Judicios,Healthy and Scientific Use Of

The Natutal Resources.

Malnutrition and Hunger is Alliviated

THANK YOU