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Patchworks and Field-Boundaries: Visualising the History of English
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Transcript of Patchworks and Field-Boundaries: Visualising the History of English
Patchworks and Field-Boundaries: Visualizing the
History of EnglishMarc Alexander, University of Glasgow
[email protected]; @marcgalexanderDigital Humanties 2012, Hamburg
Christian Kay, Jane Roberts, MichaelSamuels and Irené Wotherspoon (eds). 2009.
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
01 The world01.01 The earth01.01.01 Region of the earth01.01.02 Geodetic references01.01.03 Direction01.01.04 Land01.01.05 Water01.01.06 Named regions of earth01.01.07 Structure of the earth01.01.08 Minerals01.01.09 Earth science01.01.10 The universe01.01.11 Atmosphere, weather
01.02 Life01.02.00.01 Source/principle of life01.02.00.02 Continuance/tenacity of life01.02.00.03 Giving of life01.02.00.04 Resurrection/revival01.02.00.05 Birth01.02.00.06 Rebirth/regeneration01.02.00.07 Age01.02.00.08 Sex01.02.00.09 Absence of life/consciousness01.02.01 Health and disease01.02.02 Death01.02.03 Biology01.02.04 Plants01.02.05 The body01.02.06 Animals01.02.07 People01.02.08 Food and drink01.02.09 Textiles01.02.10 Clothing01.02.11 Cleanness
01.03 Physical sensibility01.03.00.01 Ability to be perceived by senses01.03.00.02 Acuteness of physical senses01.03.00.03 Aberrant sensory perception01.03.00.04 Physical insensibility01.03.00.05 Sensuous pleasure01.03.00.06 Moderation in sensuous gratification01.03.00.07 Asceticism01.03.01 Sleeping and waking01.03.02 Sexual relations01.03.03 Use of drugs, poison01.03.04 Touch01.03.05 Taste/flavour01.03.06 Smell/odour01.03.07 Sight01.03.08 Hearing/noise
01.04 Matter01.04.01 Alchemy01.04.02 Chemistry01.04.03 Properties of materials01.04.04 Constitution of matter01.04.05 Liquid01.04.06 Gas01.04.07 Physics01.04.08 Light01.04.09 Colour01.04.10 Condition of matter
01.05 Existence in time and space01.05.01 Existence01.05.02 Creation01.05.03 Causation01.05.04 Occurrence01.05.05 Action/operation01.05.06 Time01.05.07 Space01.05.08 Movement
01.06 Relative Properties01.06.01 Relationship01.06.02 Kind/sort01.06.03 Order01.06.04 Number01.06.05 Measurement01.06.06 Quantity/amount01.06.07 Wholeness
01.07 The supernatural01.07.01 The paranormal01.07.02 The occult01.07.03 Supernatural being/spirit01.07.04 Deity
02.01 Mental capacity02.01.01 Spirituality02.01.02 Intellect02.01.03 Consciousness02.01.04 Disposition/character02.01.05 The psyche02.01.06 Thought02.01.07 Perception/cognition02.01.08 Understanding02.01.09 Lack of understanding02.01.10 Intelligibility02.01.11 Memory02.01.12 Knowledge02.01.13 Belief02.01.14 Expectation02.01.15 Attention, judgement02.01.16 Importance02.01.17 Esteem/regard02.01.18 Contempt
02.02 Emotion02.02.01 Seat of the emotions02.02.02 Emotional perception02.02.03 Quality of affecting emotions02.02.04 Effect produced on emotions02.02.05 Emotional attitude 02.02.06 State of feeling/mood02.02.07 Manifestation of emotion02.02.08 Capacity for emotion02.02.09 Sentimentality02.02.10 Absence of emotion02.02.11 Types of emotion02.02.12 Intense/deep emotion02.02.13 Sincere/earnest emotion02.02.14 Zeal/earnest enthusiasm02.02.15 Strong feeling/passion02.02.16 Violent emotion02.02.17 Excitement02.02.18 Composure/calmness02.02.19 Pleasure/enjoyment02.02.20 Mental pain/suffering02.02.21 Anger02.02.22 Love02.02.23 Hatred/enmity02.02.24 Indifference02.02.25 Pity/compassion02.02.26 Jealousy/envy02.02.27 Gratitude02.02.28 Pride02.02.29 Humility02.02.30 Fear02.02.31 Courage
02.03 Philosophy02.03.01 Philosopher02.03.02 Ancient Greek philosophy02.03.03 Scholasticism02.03.04 Philosophy of history02.03.05 Metaphysics02.03.06 Epistemology02.03.07 Idealism02.03.08 Subjective idealism/subjectivism02.03.09 Philosophy of reflection of self02.03.10 Absolute idealism
02.03.11 Philosophy of mind-body interrelation02.03.12 Rationalism02.03.13 Scepticism02.03.14 Materialism02.03.15 Naturalism02.03.16 Pantheism02.03.17 German romanticism02.03.18 Aesthetics02.03.19 Philosophy of will02.03.20 Existentialism02.03.21 Philosophy of optimism02.03.22 Philosophy of pessimism02.03.23 Moral philosophy02.03.24 Pragmatism02.03.25 Theoretical scientific philosophy02.03.26 Empiricism02.03.27 Logic02.03.28 Philosophy of Language02.03.29 Mathematical philosophy
02.04 Aesthetics02.04.01 Aesthetic appreciation/good taste02.04.02 Lack of taste/bad taste02.04.03 Fashionableness02.04.04 Unfashionableness02.04.05 Beauty02.04.06 Attractiveness02.04.07 Beautification02.04.08 Lack of beauty
02.05 Will/faculty of will02.05.01 Free will02.05.02 Necessity02.05.03 Will/wish/inclination02.05.04 Intention 02.05.05 Resolving/making a decision02.05.06 Motivation
02.06 Refusal/denial
02.07 Having/possession02.07.01 Owning02.07.02 Possessor02.07.03 Possessions/property02.07.04 Non-possession/not having02.07.05 Wealth02.07.06 Poverty02.07.07 Sharing02.07.08 Obtaining/acquiring02.07.09 Loss02.07.10 Retaining/keeping02.07.11 Relinquishment02.07.12 Giving02.07.13 Taking02.07.14 Provision/supply
02.08 Language02.08.01 A language02.08.02 Languages of the world02.08.03 Speech/act of speaking02.08.04 Study of language02.08.05 Naming02.08.06 Statement02.08.07 Malediction/curse
03.01 Society/the community03.01.01 Kinship/relationship03.01.02 Study of society03.01.03 Society in relation to customs/values/beliefs03.01.04 Social communication/relations03.01.05 Social attitudes03.01.06 Social class/rank03.01.07 Dissension/discord
03.02 Inhabiting/dwelling03.02.01 Inhabiting type of place03.02.02 Inhabiting/dwelling temporarily03.02.03 Providing with dwelling place03.02.04 Removing from dwelling place03.02.05 Furnishing with inhabitants03.02.06 Inhabitant/resident03.02.07 Inhabited place
03.03 Armed hostility03.03.01 War03.03.02 Armed encounter03.03.03 Victory in arms03.03.04 Defeat03.03.05 Attack/assault03.03.06 Defence03.03.07 Military operation(s)03.03.08 Drill/training03.03.09 Military administration & organization03.03.10 Military life/service03.03.11 Military force/power03.03.12 Military forces03.03.13 Band of warriors/armed men03.03.14 Person/nation/party waging war03.03.15 Fighting man/warrior03.03.16 Military equipment03.03.17 Hostilities at sea03.03.18 Hostilities in the air03.03.19 Peace/absence of war
03.04 Authority03.04.01 Power03.04.02 Command 03.04.03 Control03.04.04 Strictness03.04.05 Lack of strictness03.04.06 Rule/government03.04.07 Office03.04.08 Exercise of authority03.04.09 Fact of being subject to authority03.04.10 Lack of subjection/submission03.04.11 Lack of power/authority03.04.12 Punishment03.04.13 Law
03.05 Morality03.05.01 Duty/obligation03.05.02 Dueness/propriety03.05.03 Rightness/justice03.05.04 Virtue03.05.05 Moral evil
03.06 Education03.06.01 Upbringing03.06.02 Teaching03.06.03 Learning03.06.04 Member of university03.06.05 Educational administration03.06.06 Place of education03.06.07 Theories of education
03.07 Faith03.07.00.01 Creed03.07.00.02 Doctrine03.07.00.03 Tradition03.07.00.04 Communion03.07.00.05 Religion03.07.00.06 Theism03.07.00.07 Belief in Devil/devils/demons03.07.00.08 Orthodoxy03.07.00.09 Heterodoxy03.07.00.10 Free-thought03.07.00.11 Superstition03.07.00.12 Heresy
03.07.00.13 Conformity03.07.00.14 Non-conformity03.07.00.15 Apostasy03.07.00.16 Sectarianism03.07.00.17 Catholicity03.07.00.18 Bible, scripture03.07.00.19 Patristics03.07.00.20 Law03.07.00.21 Theology03.07.00.22 Holiness03.07.00.23 Piety03.07.00.24 Spirituality03.07.01 Sect03.07.02 Church government03.07.03 Worship03.07.04 Artefacts
03.08 Communication03.08.01 Expression03.08.02 Manifestation03.08.03 Representation03.08.04 Indication03.08.05 Information03.08.06 Record03.08.07 Writing03.08.08 Printing03.08.09 Reading03.08.10 Book03.08.11 Journalism03.08.12 Broadcasting03.08.13 Correspondence03.08.14 Telecommunication
03.09 Travel/travelling03.09.00.01 A journey03.09.00.02 Traveller03.09.00.03 Condition of not travelling03.09.00.04 Travel in specific course/direction03.09.00.05 Travel from place to place03.09.00.06 Departure/leaving/going away03.09.00.07 Arrival03.09.00.08 Return03.09.00.09 Guidance in travel03.09.00.10 Authorization to travel to/from/in a country03.09.00.11 Going on foot03.09.01 Transport03.09.02 Means of travel/transport03.09.03 Travel by railway03.09.04 Navigation03.09.05 Air/space travel
03.10 Occupation/work03.10.01 Work03.10.02 A position/situation/office03.10.03 Function/duty03.10.04 Following an occupation03.10.05 Business/transactions03.10.06 Industry03.10.07 Study/science of work03.10.08 Condition of not working03.10.09 Worker03.10.10 Workplace03.10.11 Equipment for work03.10.12 Materials03.10.13 Trade and commerce
03.11 Leisure03.11.01 Amusement/entertainment03.11.02 Social event03.11.03 The Arts/Art03.11.04 Sport 03.11.05 Dance
The Historical Thesaurus
of the OED is unique
—the largest thesaurus
in the world and the first
historical thesaurus to be
created in any language.
Based on the Oxford
English Dictionary, it
contains every word in
English from Old English
to the present, allowing
users to explore words
connected in meaning
throughout the history
of the language.
Professor Christian J Kay, MA, AM, DipGenLing
Illaor sectem exero deliquat. Min ulput nonsequ amconse quiscidunt ing etum zzrit lore erosto odo commy num ex eraessit nim dionulla facinci blaorem nos nostisc illaorperate tionse tat. Duipis nonsequat lore ea consequis atueros enim dunt nostiscing er at, conse conse consequipit vendion.
Professor Jane Roberts, MA, DPhil, DLitt, HDipEd
Xer acidunt esendrem voluptat alis alismodiat velit, volut autpatie tatinci psusting et lore tio dolenibh euis accummodolor summodigna con erit ad eugiam, quating ercil et, sectem vulputatie vulpute volore tio do consed tem irit in volenibh exer si.
Professor Michael L Samuels, MA, DLitt, FRSE
Sumsan hendit luptat vel utpat. Dui blaorperat augiamcommy nibh ex elissit am, consenim in utat aliscil iril ut luptat non ver inim vel et, velenit et esenis ea feumsandigna core feugiametue core modion endiam vel utatem venis et dolor si bla facipis am, quat, consed ea feumsandreet vent lore con.
Irené A W Wotherspoon, MA, Mlitt
Feumsandigna core feugiametue core modion endiam vel utatem venis et dolor si bla facipis am, quat, consed ea feumsandreet vent lore con ut la feugueratem essequat, sit praesenibh el ute eu feum deleniam esendio erit nullandigna acinisc iduipit iure dolobor ercilla corero odolessed magnit.
The H I S TO R I C A L TH E SAURU S of the Oxford English Dictionary
main category number, part of speech, heading
synonyms in chronological orderlabel showing geographical area
subcategory number and heading
indicates that word Is only found in Old English
03 Society 03.01 Society/the community
1541; 16331651– a 1693 02.05 great-
great-great-grandfather oe 1747– 03 grandmother
oe – c 1425 a 1225–1424– c 1425–1609 ( Scots & N. English ) c 1440–1628 1663–1749– c 1844– 1863–1867– ( colloq. ) 1940– ( colloq. ) 03.01 condition of
1846 03.02 step-grandmother
1839 03.03 great-grandmother
oe 1530–1538–1665 03.04 great-(great-)grandmother
1679; 1863 03.05 great-great-grandmother
oe 18191825/7– 03.06 great-great-
great-grandmother oe 04 great(-great)
grandparent 1905– ( colloq. )
03.01.01.03.03 adj. Pertaining to a grandparent1903– 01 to a grandfather
1824– 1844– 02 to a grandmother
1790/1811– 1842–03 grand-/great- oe
03.01.01.03.03 vi. Be a grandparent01 be a grandmother 1901–
03.01.01.03.03 vt. Be a grandparent01 be a grandmother of 1901– 02 deprive
of a grandfather 1748
03.01.01.03.04 n. Grandchild c 1470– ( Scots ) 1587–
1927– ( NZ ) 01 state of having grandparents
1889– 02 great-grandchild
1701 ( Scots ) ; 1786 ( Scots ) 1753–03 great-(great-)grandchild 1905– ( colloq. ) 04 grandson oe oe oe ; c 1440–1534 1297–1699 1533; 1536
1535 1570 ( Scots ) 1586–1625 04.01 step-grandson
1900– 04.02 great-grandson oe c 1425–1623 ( Scots ) ; 1658 ( Dict. )
1536 ( Scots ) 1716–1729 ( Scots ) 04.03 great-great-grandson
oe 04.04 great-great-great-grandson
oe 05 grand-daughter oe oe 1297– 1611– 05.01 step-granddaughter
1898– 05.02 great-granddaughter
oe 1753–05.03 great-great-granddaughter oe
1896– 05.04 great-great-
great-granddaughter oe
03.01.01.03.04 adj. Having feelings be tting a grandchild
1922–
03.01.01.03.05 n. Sibling1903– ( chie y Anthropology ) 1919–
01 collectively 1889– 1919– ( Biology &
Medicine/Obstetrics ) 02 having both parents in common
1508– 03 having one parent in common
1903– 03.01 relationship of 1553–03.02 having same father 1880 ( Roman
Law ) 03.03 having same mother oe 1432/50
03.01.01.03.05 adj. Pertaining to siblings01 having same parents oe oe
1340– 1882– 02 having same
father oe 1861 ( Roman
Law ) 1880 ( Roman Law ) 03 having same
mother oe oe 1432/50–1579/80–1669
1591–1756 04 elder
1851– 05 younger 1611–1876–
03.01.01.03.05.01 n. Brother oe oe – a 1666;
1860– ( colloq. ) 1881– ( colloq., orig. US ) 1898– 01 collectively oe
oe – c 1205 a 1635 02 whole brother
oe oe
1340– 1377– 02.01 collectively
oe 03 half-brother
c 1330– 03.01 by same father oe 1880 03.02 by same mother
1647– a 1661 04 bastard brother
oe 05 stepbrother
1440– 1933 ( colloq. ) 06 twin-brother
1598– 07 younger brother 1610–1827–1856 1895– ( orig. US ) 08 foster-brother
oe – 13821470/85 1526
1735; 1828 09 with same godfather 157110 brother-in-law oe c 1300–
1677 1865–1898 11 father of son-
/daughter-in-law 1611
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 n. Relationship of brothers oe a 1300; 1526; 1594
1390; 1582–1669 c 1450– 01 quality
1470/85– 1893 01.01 lack of
1647; 1885 02 personality of brother
c 1400–1635 03 condition of step-brother
1869 04 condition of foster-brother
1886 05 condition of brother-in-law
1840
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 adj. Brotherly oe – c 1470
1494– 1570– 1889 01 not
1586– 1594–1667; 1877–1865– 02 caused by brothers
1850 03 elder brother 1947– 04 younger
brother 1885 05 having no brother
oe 1460–18651798
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 adv. In a brotherly manner1526– 1611– 1837;
1859 1890 01 not 1574– a 1635
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 vi. Act as a brother a 1648
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 vt. Be brother to c 1600 01 treat as/call brother 1584; 1706;
1820 1881 02 make a brother of
c 1825 03 provide with brother(s) 1752
03.01.01.03.05.02 n. Sister oe – 1275–1390 1656;
1808– ( colloq. ) 1725– ( Scots colloq. ) 1846– ( colloq. ) 1925– ( slang ) 01 collectively
oe oe 02 whole sister
1377– 1382–1570 03 half-
sister c 1205– 04 step-sister
c 1440– 05 twin-sister 1707– 06 younger
sister 1679 1920– ( orig. US ) 07 foster-
sister 1649; 1840– 08 same godparents
1496 09 sister-in-law oe c 1440– 10 mother-in-law of daughter
1701 11 sister & wife 1743–1853 12 one
regarded as sister oe – 13 sisterly
condition/relationship 1390– c 14001390– 13.01 of twins 1824 14 sisterly
quality 1879– 14.01 lack of
1748– 15 addressing as sister 1818
03.01.01.03.05.02 adj. Sisterly1570– 1597– 1836–
1838– 1864 01 not 1747– 02 that
is a sister 1819 03 by one’s sister 165404 younger sister 1864 05 having no
sister 1738–1860 1856–
03.01.01.03.05.02 adv. In a sisterly manner1576– 1616– 1825–
03.01.01.03.05.02 vi. Be a sister01 call each other sister c 1603 02 be provided
with sister 1752
03.01.01.03.05.02 vt. Be sister to1608– ( chie y g. ) 01 treat as sister 1871–
1875– 02 call sister 1663–03 deprive of a sister 1875
03.01.01.03.06 n. Uncle oe –1855 ( N. English & Scots dial. ) c 1290–
c 1450; 1696 ( dial. ) 1589; 15891589– a 1652; 1684– ( dial. ) c 1589–1760; 1838– ( dial. )
1798– 1822– ( S. Afr. ) 1841–1907– ( colloq. ) 01 as form of address
c 1374– 02 paternal uncle oe 03 maternal
uncle oe 1871– ( Anthropology ) 03.01 collectively/relationship
1920– ( Anthropology ) 04 great-/grand-uncle
1438– a 1547; a 1850– 1475; 1777– 05 step-uncle
1812– 06 husband of aunt
1561–1779 07 uncle & nephew oe oe 08 condition of uncle
1742– 1844 1846 1937
03.01.01.03.06 adj. Pertaining to an uncle1831– 1847 1928–
03.01.01.03.06 adv. In the manner of an uncle1957
03.01.01.03.06 vi. Act as uncle1662
03.01.01.03.06 vt. Uncle01 deprive of an uncle 1748
03.01.01.03.07 n. Aunt1297– c 1440 1621–1823
1777; 1888 ( dial. ) 1792– 1815–1845– ( S. Afr. ) 1958– ( S. Afr.
colloq. ) 01 paternal aunt oe 02 maternal aunt
oe 03 great-/grand-aunt 1656; 1870– c 1800– 04 older friend regarded as
1937– 05 unmarried 1709–06 condition of aunt 1862 1870
03.01.01.03.07 adj. Pertaining to an aunt1823 ( humorous ) 1844–
1874 ( humorous )
03.01.01.03.08 n. Nephew/niece oe 1596–1763 ( Scots ) 01 nephew
oe oe oe – c 1540 oe –1680; 1955
1297– 1387 c 1500– a 1592 1533–1569; 1889 1535 01.01 half-nephew
1824– 01.02 son of one’s nephew/niece
a 1632; 1826– 01.03 one’s son’s/daughter’s nephew
1581– 16111927– ( NZ ) 01.04 nephew-in-law
1838– 01.04.01 about to become 183401.05 condition of nephew 1647– 02 niece
oe oe oe – c 15001297– 1494–1585 02.01 half-niece
1824– 02.02 daughter of one’s nephew/niece
c 1250 1542–1543 1543–15451830– 02.03 one’s son’s/daughter’s niece
1884 1927– ( NZ ) 02.04 step-
niece 1852– 02.05 niece-in-law
a 1556 02.06 condition of niece 1834
03.01.01.03.08 adj. Pertaining to a nephew/niece01 to a nephew 1837– 1873 02 having
no niece 1892
03.01.01.03.09 n. Cousin oe oe oe
c 1290– c 1314; a 1555 c 1380– ( chie y Law & technical ) 15981794 01 collectively a 1797–1845– 1874 01.01 brothers’ children
1656 01.02 sisters’ children
oe 02 female cousin oe 03 young
male cousin 1878 04 father’s sister’s son
oe 05 rst cousin 1660–1886 06 child of father’s sister/mother’s
brother 1932– 07 one of children of
two sisters/brothers 1918– 08 step-
cousin 1876– 09 cousin’s wife/husband
1874– 10 parent’s rst cousin
1747– 1878 11 child of parent’s
cousin 1871 12 child of rst cousin
1494; 16671660– 1688– 13 son of
cousin oe 14 parent’s second cousin
03.01.01.03.09
order of parts of speech n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep. 1221
1214-1279_HTE_Main Text_section31221 1221 11/27/08 8:59:07 PM
01
The Earth
01 The Earth
02
The Mind
03
Society
02 The Mind
03 Society
A sample entry from the Historical Thesaurus:
The twenty volume set of the Oxford English Dictionary
“a magni!cent achievement of quite extraordinary value. It is perhaps the single most signi!cant tool ever devised for investigating semantic, social, and intellectual history”
Randolph Quirk01 The world01.01 The earth01.01.01 Region of the earth01.01.02 Geodetic references01.01.03 Direction01.01.04 Land01.01.05 Water01.01.06 Named regions of earth01.01.07 Structure of the earth01.01.08 Minerals01.01.09 Earth science01.01.10 The universe01.01.11 Atmosphere, weather
01.02 Life01.02.00.01 Source/principle of life01.02.00.02 Continuance/tenacity of life01.02.00.03 Giving of life01.02.00.04 Resurrection/revival01.02.00.05 Birth01.02.00.06 Rebirth/regeneration01.02.00.07 Age01.02.00.08 Sex01.02.00.09 Absence of life/consciousness01.02.01 Health and disease01.02.02 Death01.02.03 Biology01.02.04 Plants01.02.05 The body01.02.06 Animals01.02.07 People01.02.08 Food and drink01.02.09 Textiles01.02.10 Clothing01.02.11 Cleanness
01.03 Physical sensibility01.03.00.01 Ability to be perceived by senses01.03.00.02 Acuteness of physical senses01.03.00.03 Aberrant sensory perception01.03.00.04 Physical insensibility01.03.00.05 Sensuous pleasure01.03.00.06 Moderation in sensuous gratification01.03.00.07 Asceticism01.03.01 Sleeping and waking01.03.02 Sexual relations01.03.03 Use of drugs, poison01.03.04 Touch01.03.05 Taste/flavour01.03.06 Smell/odour01.03.07 Sight01.03.08 Hearing/noise
01.04 Matter01.04.01 Alchemy01.04.02 Chemistry01.04.03 Properties of materials01.04.04 Constitution of matter01.04.05 Liquid01.04.06 Gas01.04.07 Physics01.04.08 Light01.04.09 Colour01.04.10 Condition of matter
01.05 Existence in time and space01.05.01 Existence01.05.02 Creation01.05.03 Causation01.05.04 Occurrence01.05.05 Action/operation01.05.06 Time01.05.07 Space01.05.08 Movement
01.06 Relative Properties01.06.01 Relationship01.06.02 Kind/sort01.06.03 Order01.06.04 Number01.06.05 Measurement01.06.06 Quantity/amount01.06.07 Wholeness
01.07 The supernatural01.07.01 The paranormal01.07.02 The occult01.07.03 Supernatural being/spirit01.07.04 Deity
02.01 Mental capacity02.01.01 Spirituality02.01.02 Intellect02.01.03 Consciousness02.01.04 Disposition/character02.01.05 The psyche02.01.06 Thought02.01.07 Perception/cognition02.01.08 Understanding02.01.09 Lack of understanding02.01.10 Intelligibility02.01.11 Memory02.01.12 Knowledge02.01.13 Belief02.01.14 Expectation02.01.15 Attention, judgement02.01.16 Importance02.01.17 Esteem/regard02.01.18 Contempt
02.02 Emotion02.02.01 Seat of the emotions02.02.02 Emotional perception02.02.03 Quality of affecting emotions02.02.04 Effect produced on emotions02.02.05 Emotional attitude 02.02.06 State of feeling/mood02.02.07 Manifestation of emotion02.02.08 Capacity for emotion02.02.09 Sentimentality02.02.10 Absence of emotion02.02.11 Types of emotion02.02.12 Intense/deep emotion02.02.13 Sincere/earnest emotion02.02.14 Zeal/earnest enthusiasm02.02.15 Strong feeling/passion02.02.16 Violent emotion02.02.17 Excitement02.02.18 Composure/calmness02.02.19 Pleasure/enjoyment02.02.20 Mental pain/suffering02.02.21 Anger02.02.22 Love02.02.23 Hatred/enmity02.02.24 Indifference02.02.25 Pity/compassion02.02.26 Jealousy/envy02.02.27 Gratitude02.02.28 Pride02.02.29 Humility02.02.30 Fear02.02.31 Courage
02.03 Philosophy02.03.01 Philosopher02.03.02 Ancient Greek philosophy02.03.03 Scholasticism02.03.04 Philosophy of history02.03.05 Metaphysics02.03.06 Epistemology02.03.07 Idealism02.03.08 Subjective idealism/subjectivism02.03.09 Philosophy of reflection of self02.03.10 Absolute idealism
02.03.11 Philosophy of mind-body interrelation02.03.12 Rationalism02.03.13 Scepticism02.03.14 Materialism02.03.15 Naturalism02.03.16 Pantheism02.03.17 German romanticism02.03.18 Aesthetics02.03.19 Philosophy of will02.03.20 Existentialism02.03.21 Philosophy of optimism02.03.22 Philosophy of pessimism02.03.23 Moral philosophy02.03.24 Pragmatism02.03.25 Theoretical scientific philosophy02.03.26 Empiricism02.03.27 Logic02.03.28 Philosophy of Language02.03.29 Mathematical philosophy
02.04 Aesthetics02.04.01 Aesthetic appreciation/good taste02.04.02 Lack of taste/bad taste02.04.03 Fashionableness02.04.04 Unfashionableness02.04.05 Beauty02.04.06 Attractiveness02.04.07 Beautification02.04.08 Lack of beauty
02.05 Will/faculty of will02.05.01 Free will02.05.02 Necessity02.05.03 Will/wish/inclination02.05.04 Intention 02.05.05 Resolving/making a decision02.05.06 Motivation
02.06 Refusal/denial
02.07 Having/possession02.07.01 Owning02.07.02 Possessor02.07.03 Possessions/property02.07.04 Non-possession/not having02.07.05 Wealth02.07.06 Poverty02.07.07 Sharing02.07.08 Obtaining/acquiring02.07.09 Loss02.07.10 Retaining/keeping02.07.11 Relinquishment02.07.12 Giving02.07.13 Taking02.07.14 Provision/supply
02.08 Language02.08.01 A language02.08.02 Languages of the world02.08.03 Speech/act of speaking02.08.04 Study of language02.08.05 Naming02.08.06 Statement02.08.07 Malediction/curse
03.01 Society/the community03.01.01 Kinship/relationship03.01.02 Study of society03.01.03 Society in relation to customs/values/beliefs03.01.04 Social communication/relations03.01.05 Social attitudes03.01.06 Social class/rank03.01.07 Dissension/discord
03.02 Inhabiting/dwelling03.02.01 Inhabiting type of place03.02.02 Inhabiting/dwelling temporarily03.02.03 Providing with dwelling place03.02.04 Removing from dwelling place03.02.05 Furnishing with inhabitants03.02.06 Inhabitant/resident03.02.07 Inhabited place
03.03 Armed hostility03.03.01 War03.03.02 Armed encounter03.03.03 Victory in arms03.03.04 Defeat03.03.05 Attack/assault03.03.06 Defence03.03.07 Military operation(s)03.03.08 Drill/training03.03.09 Military administration & organization03.03.10 Military life/service03.03.11 Military force/power03.03.12 Military forces03.03.13 Band of warriors/armed men03.03.14 Person/nation/party waging war03.03.15 Fighting man/warrior03.03.16 Military equipment03.03.17 Hostilities at sea03.03.18 Hostilities in the air03.03.19 Peace/absence of war
03.04 Authority03.04.01 Power03.04.02 Command 03.04.03 Control03.04.04 Strictness03.04.05 Lack of strictness03.04.06 Rule/government03.04.07 Office03.04.08 Exercise of authority03.04.09 Fact of being subject to authority03.04.10 Lack of subjection/submission03.04.11 Lack of power/authority03.04.12 Punishment03.04.13 Law
03.05 Morality03.05.01 Duty/obligation03.05.02 Dueness/propriety03.05.03 Rightness/justice03.05.04 Virtue03.05.05 Moral evil
03.06 Education03.06.01 Upbringing03.06.02 Teaching03.06.03 Learning03.06.04 Member of university03.06.05 Educational administration03.06.06 Place of education03.06.07 Theories of education
03.07 Faith03.07.00.01 Creed03.07.00.02 Doctrine03.07.00.03 Tradition03.07.00.04 Communion03.07.00.05 Religion03.07.00.06 Theism03.07.00.07 Belief in Devil/devils/demons03.07.00.08 Orthodoxy03.07.00.09 Heterodoxy03.07.00.10 Free-thought03.07.00.11 Superstition03.07.00.12 Heresy
03.07.00.13 Conformity03.07.00.14 Non-conformity03.07.00.15 Apostasy03.07.00.16 Sectarianism03.07.00.17 Catholicity03.07.00.18 Bible, scripture03.07.00.19 Patristics03.07.00.20 Law03.07.00.21 Theology03.07.00.22 Holiness03.07.00.23 Piety03.07.00.24 Spirituality03.07.01 Sect03.07.02 Church government03.07.03 Worship03.07.04 Artefacts
03.08 Communication03.08.01 Expression03.08.02 Manifestation03.08.03 Representation03.08.04 Indication03.08.05 Information03.08.06 Record03.08.07 Writing03.08.08 Printing03.08.09 Reading03.08.10 Book03.08.11 Journalism03.08.12 Broadcasting03.08.13 Correspondence03.08.14 Telecommunication
03.09 Travel/travelling03.09.00.01 A journey03.09.00.02 Traveller03.09.00.03 Condition of not travelling03.09.00.04 Travel in specific course/direction03.09.00.05 Travel from place to place03.09.00.06 Departure/leaving/going away03.09.00.07 Arrival03.09.00.08 Return03.09.00.09 Guidance in travel03.09.00.10 Authorization to travel to/from/in a country03.09.00.11 Going on foot03.09.01 Transport03.09.02 Means of travel/transport03.09.03 Travel by railway03.09.04 Navigation03.09.05 Air/space travel
03.10 Occupation/work03.10.01 Work03.10.02 A position/situation/office03.10.03 Function/duty03.10.04 Following an occupation03.10.05 Business/transactions03.10.06 Industry03.10.07 Study/science of work03.10.08 Condition of not working03.10.09 Worker03.10.10 Workplace03.10.11 Equipment for work03.10.12 Materials03.10.13 Trade and commerce
03.11 Leisure03.11.01 Amusement/entertainment03.11.02 Social event03.11.03 The Arts/Art03.11.04 Sport 03.11.05 Dance
The Historical Thesaurus
of the OED is unique
—the largest thesaurus
in the world and the first
historical thesaurus to be
created in any language.
Based on the Oxford
English Dictionary, it
contains every word in
English from Old English
to the present, allowing
users to explore words
connected in meaning
throughout the history
of the language.
Professor Christian J Kay, MA, AM, DipGenLing
Illaor sectem exero deliquat. Min ulput nonsequ amconse quiscidunt ing etum zzrit lore erosto odo commy num ex eraessit nim dionulla facinci blaorem nos nostisc illaorperate tionse tat. Duipis nonsequat lore ea consequis atueros enim dunt nostiscing er at, conse conse consequipit vendion.
Professor Jane Roberts, MA, DPhil, DLitt, HDipEd
Xer acidunt esendrem voluptat alis alismodiat velit, volut autpatie tatinci psusting et lore tio dolenibh euis accummodolor summodigna con erit ad eugiam, quating ercil et, sectem vulputatie vulpute volore tio do consed tem irit in volenibh exer si.
Professor Michael L Samuels, MA, DLitt, FRSE
Sumsan hendit luptat vel utpat. Dui blaorperat augiamcommy nibh ex elissit am, consenim in utat aliscil iril ut luptat non ver inim vel et, velenit et esenis ea feumsandigna core feugiametue core modion endiam vel utatem venis et dolor si bla facipis am, quat, consed ea feumsandreet vent lore con.
Irené A W Wotherspoon, MA, Mlitt
Feumsandigna core feugiametue core modion endiam vel utatem venis et dolor si bla facipis am, quat, consed ea feumsandreet vent lore con ut la feugueratem essequat, sit praesenibh el ute eu feum deleniam esendio erit nullandigna acinisc iduipit iure dolobor ercilla corero odolessed magnit.
The H I S TO R I C A L TH E SAURU S of the Oxford English Dictionary
main category number, part of speech, heading
synonyms in chronological orderlabel showing geographical area
subcategory number and heading
indicates that word Is only found in Old English
03 Society 03.01 Society/the community
1541; 16331651– a 1693 02.05 great-
great-great-grandfather oe 1747– 03 grandmother
oe – c 1425 a 1225–1424– c 1425–1609 ( Scots & N. English ) c 1440–1628 1663–1749– c 1844– 1863–1867– ( colloq. ) 1940– ( colloq. ) 03.01 condition of
1846 03.02 step-grandmother
1839 03.03 great-grandmother
oe 1530–1538–1665 03.04 great-(great-)grandmother
1679; 1863 03.05 great-great-grandmother
oe 18191825/7– 03.06 great-great-
great-grandmother oe 04 great(-great)
grandparent 1905– ( colloq. )
03.01.01.03.03 adj. Pertaining to a grandparent1903– 01 to a grandfather
1824– 1844– 02 to a grandmother
1790/1811– 1842–03 grand-/great- oe
03.01.01.03.03 vi. Be a grandparent01 be a grandmother 1901–
03.01.01.03.03 vt. Be a grandparent01 be a grandmother of 1901– 02 deprive
of a grandfather 1748
03.01.01.03.04 n. Grandchild c 1470– ( Scots ) 1587–
1927– ( NZ ) 01 state of having grandparents
1889– 02 great-grandchild
1701 ( Scots ) ; 1786 ( Scots ) 1753–03 great-(great-)grandchild 1905– ( colloq. ) 04 grandson oe oe oe ; c 1440–1534 1297–1699 1533; 1536
1535 1570 ( Scots ) 1586–1625 04.01 step-grandson
1900– 04.02 great-grandson oe c 1425–1623 ( Scots ) ; 1658 ( Dict. )
1536 ( Scots ) 1716–1729 ( Scots ) 04.03 great-great-grandson
oe 04.04 great-great-great-grandson
oe 05 grand-daughter oe oe 1297– 1611– 05.01 step-granddaughter
1898– 05.02 great-granddaughter
oe 1753–05.03 great-great-granddaughter oe
1896– 05.04 great-great-
great-granddaughter oe
03.01.01.03.04 adj. Having feelings be tting a grandchild
1922–
03.01.01.03.05 n. Sibling1903– ( chie y Anthropology ) 1919–
01 collectively 1889– 1919– ( Biology &
Medicine/Obstetrics ) 02 having both parents in common
1508– 03 having one parent in common
1903– 03.01 relationship of 1553–03.02 having same father 1880 ( Roman
Law ) 03.03 having same mother oe 1432/50
03.01.01.03.05 adj. Pertaining to siblings01 having same parents oe oe
1340– 1882– 02 having same
father oe 1861 ( Roman
Law ) 1880 ( Roman Law ) 03 having same
mother oe oe 1432/50–1579/80–1669
1591–1756 04 elder
1851– 05 younger 1611–1876–
03.01.01.03.05.01 n. Brother oe oe – a 1666;
1860– ( colloq. ) 1881– ( colloq., orig. US ) 1898– 01 collectively oe
oe – c 1205 a 1635 02 whole brother
oe oe
1340– 1377– 02.01 collectively
oe 03 half-brother
c 1330– 03.01 by same father oe 1880 03.02 by same mother
1647– a 1661 04 bastard brother
oe 05 stepbrother
1440– 1933 ( colloq. ) 06 twin-brother
1598– 07 younger brother 1610–1827–1856 1895– ( orig. US ) 08 foster-brother
oe – 13821470/85 1526
1735; 1828 09 with same godfather 157110 brother-in-law oe c 1300–
1677 1865–1898 11 father of son-
/daughter-in-law 1611
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 n. Relationship of brothers oe a 1300; 1526; 1594
1390; 1582–1669 c 1450– 01 quality
1470/85– 1893 01.01 lack of
1647; 1885 02 personality of brother
c 1400–1635 03 condition of step-brother
1869 04 condition of foster-brother
1886 05 condition of brother-in-law
1840
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 adj. Brotherly oe – c 1470
1494– 1570– 1889 01 not
1586– 1594–1667; 1877–1865– 02 caused by brothers
1850 03 elder brother 1947– 04 younger
brother 1885 05 having no brother
oe 1460–18651798
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 adv. In a brotherly manner1526– 1611– 1837;
1859 1890 01 not 1574– a 1635
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 vi. Act as a brother a 1648
03.01.01.03.05.01.01 vt. Be brother to c 1600 01 treat as/call brother 1584; 1706;
1820 1881 02 make a brother of
c 1825 03 provide with brother(s) 1752
03.01.01.03.05.02 n. Sister oe – 1275–1390 1656;
1808– ( colloq. ) 1725– ( Scots colloq. ) 1846– ( colloq. ) 1925– ( slang ) 01 collectively
oe oe 02 whole sister
1377– 1382–1570 03 half-
sister c 1205– 04 step-sister
c 1440– 05 twin-sister 1707– 06 younger
sister 1679 1920– ( orig. US ) 07 foster-
sister 1649; 1840– 08 same godparents
1496 09 sister-in-law oe c 1440– 10 mother-in-law of daughter
1701 11 sister & wife 1743–1853 12 one
regarded as sister oe – 13 sisterly
condition/relationship 1390– c 14001390– 13.01 of twins 1824 14 sisterly
quality 1879– 14.01 lack of
1748– 15 addressing as sister 1818
03.01.01.03.05.02 adj. Sisterly1570– 1597– 1836–
1838– 1864 01 not 1747– 02 that
is a sister 1819 03 by one’s sister 165404 younger sister 1864 05 having no
sister 1738–1860 1856–
03.01.01.03.05.02 adv. In a sisterly manner1576– 1616– 1825–
03.01.01.03.05.02 vi. Be a sister01 call each other sister c 1603 02 be provided
with sister 1752
03.01.01.03.05.02 vt. Be sister to1608– ( chie y g. ) 01 treat as sister 1871–
1875– 02 call sister 1663–03 deprive of a sister 1875
03.01.01.03.06 n. Uncle oe –1855 ( N. English & Scots dial. ) c 1290–
c 1450; 1696 ( dial. ) 1589; 15891589– a 1652; 1684– ( dial. ) c 1589–1760; 1838– ( dial. )
1798– 1822– ( S. Afr. ) 1841–1907– ( colloq. ) 01 as form of address
c 1374– 02 paternal uncle oe 03 maternal
uncle oe 1871– ( Anthropology ) 03.01 collectively/relationship
1920– ( Anthropology ) 04 great-/grand-uncle
1438– a 1547; a 1850– 1475; 1777– 05 step-uncle
1812– 06 husband of aunt
1561–1779 07 uncle & nephew oe oe 08 condition of uncle
1742– 1844 1846 1937
03.01.01.03.06 adj. Pertaining to an uncle1831– 1847 1928–
03.01.01.03.06 adv. In the manner of an uncle1957
03.01.01.03.06 vi. Act as uncle1662
03.01.01.03.06 vt. Uncle01 deprive of an uncle 1748
03.01.01.03.07 n. Aunt1297– c 1440 1621–1823
1777; 1888 ( dial. ) 1792– 1815–1845– ( S. Afr. ) 1958– ( S. Afr.
colloq. ) 01 paternal aunt oe 02 maternal aunt
oe 03 great-/grand-aunt 1656; 1870– c 1800– 04 older friend regarded as
1937– 05 unmarried 1709–06 condition of aunt 1862 1870
03.01.01.03.07 adj. Pertaining to an aunt1823 ( humorous ) 1844–
1874 ( humorous )
03.01.01.03.08 n. Nephew/niece oe 1596–1763 ( Scots ) 01 nephew
oe oe oe – c 1540 oe –1680; 1955
1297– 1387 c 1500– a 1592 1533–1569; 1889 1535 01.01 half-nephew
1824– 01.02 son of one’s nephew/niece
a 1632; 1826– 01.03 one’s son’s/daughter’s nephew
1581– 16111927– ( NZ ) 01.04 nephew-in-law
1838– 01.04.01 about to become 183401.05 condition of nephew 1647– 02 niece
oe oe oe – c 15001297– 1494–1585 02.01 half-niece
1824– 02.02 daughter of one’s nephew/niece
c 1250 1542–1543 1543–15451830– 02.03 one’s son’s/daughter’s niece
1884 1927– ( NZ ) 02.04 step-
niece 1852– 02.05 niece-in-law
a 1556 02.06 condition of niece 1834
03.01.01.03.08 adj. Pertaining to a nephew/niece01 to a nephew 1837– 1873 02 having
no niece 1892
03.01.01.03.09 n. Cousin oe oe oe
c 1290– c 1314; a 1555 c 1380– ( chie y Law & technical ) 15981794 01 collectively a 1797–1845– 1874 01.01 brothers’ children
1656 01.02 sisters’ children
oe 02 female cousin oe 03 young
male cousin 1878 04 father’s sister’s son
oe 05 rst cousin 1660–1886 06 child of father’s sister/mother’s
brother 1932– 07 one of children of
two sisters/brothers 1918– 08 step-
cousin 1876– 09 cousin’s wife/husband
1874– 10 parent’s rst cousin
1747– 1878 11 child of parent’s
cousin 1871 12 child of rst cousin
1494; 16671660– 1688– 13 son of
cousin oe 14 parent’s second cousin
03.01.01.03.09
order of parts of speech n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep. 1221
1214-1279_HTE_Main Text_section31221 1221 11/27/08 8:59:07 PM
01
The Earth
01 The Earth
02
The Mind
03
Society
02 The Mind
03 Society
A sample entry from the Historical Thesaurus:
The twenty volume set of the Oxford English Dictionary
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!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,(,9-&1 verbal !+*$'!"*! ! lexonic !%++ !, )*,&%4$%<',-",%(<6,4)*+2%,9-&1 verbal !"%*' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,9-&14 vocabular !+*(' ! verbatical !+!& ! vocabulary !+!+' ! verbarian !(#* ! lexical !(#+' ! lexicalic !(+* ! morpholexical !%#%' !- <-*4)4')*+,-"#%X$&%44%1,)*,9-&14 verbal !$#*' ! wordy !+&"' !-#!, )*,C%&%,9-&14 wordish .".!$(+'!+%" ! wording !+*! ! verbal !+*$' ! syllabical !+*+ ! wordly !+##,&-/.!%&"' !-#!,#!, <-*4)4')*+,C%&%2?,)*,9-&14#4$%%<6 verbal !+!('!+$# !-#!" 9)'6-3',C(*)"%4'(')-*,)*,(<')-* verbal !+&&' !-#!- *-' non-verbal !%&"' ! textless !%$"' !. 6(G)*+#&%2(')*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,*3CB%&,-",9-&14 triverbal !(!" ! diverbal !(&$ ! many-worded .".!(#&' ! monepic .".!(#&' !/ 4D)22%1,)*,'6%,34%,-",9-&14 wordy !+*#'!+(* !/#!, *-' non-verbal !%"& !0 6(G)*+,2(&+%,G-<(B32(&? copious !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!+$!'!""&0" ! worded !"#) !1 (1-&*%1,9)'6,9-&14 word-painted !("*' !$ 1%4<&)B%1,)*,9-&14 word-painted !%#"' !2 9)'6)*,(,9-&1 intraverbal !%*%...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%$#' !2#!, )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-* word-fi nal !%)%' ! word-initial !%)%' ! word-medial !%)%' ,! $%&'()*)*+,'-,4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicological !(+"' ,, &%"%&&)*+,'-,"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word frequency !%")' ," -",9-&14a,6(G)*+,4)C)2(&,
%*1)*+4 homoteleutic !(&! ! homoeoteleutic !(%* ,"#!, &%432')*+,(4,(*,%&&-&,13%,'- homoeoteleutic !((* ,- $%&'()*)*+,'-,-'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 gefeged .12. ! manidel .12. ! teart .12. ! long-tailed !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!"+% ! communicable .".!++! ! unanalogical !"$$...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! learned !(+%,&- ! parasynetic !(($ ! monorrhemic !%#% ,. 9-&1/"-&/9-&1 word-for-word .!.!+!!/.!($(0% ! verbatim !(#)' ! word-by-word !(+$' ,/ %X$&%44)*+,96-2%,$6&(4%,B?,-*%,9-&1 holophrastic !(+*' ,0 %X$&%44%1,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalised !%)%' ,1 $(44)G%,G-<(B32(&? passive !%#$' ,$ 2)C)'%1,G-<(B32(&? basic !%&%'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#'%!)! % 7?,C%(*4,-"#)*,&%4$%<',-",9-&14 verbally !+)+' ! lexically !($('!(++ !, B?,C%&%,9-&14 verbally !($$0+' !,#!, 9)'6-3',(<<-C$(*?)*+,&%(2)'? verbally !+!*'!+"( !" )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-*,)*,9-&1 word-internally !%+)' ! word fi nally !%+$' ! word-medially !%+(' ! word-initially !%"#' !- )*,4-,C(*?,9-&14 in so many words !"&*' !. 9-&1,"-&,9-&1 word after word .!.!&** ! word by word !#"%' ! word for word .".!)**' ! after the word .!.!)** ! fro word unto word .!.!)"$ ! verbatim !)(!' ! word in word !)%# ! verbally !$((' ! verbatimly !$%" ! syllabically !+$)'.".!""( ! totidem verbis !+$%'!%*& ! verbatim et literatim !")&'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!')%!)! % 53&*)46,9)'6,9-&14 vocabularize !($! !, (<<%$',)*'-,2%X)<-* lexicalise !%#"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!&%!)! % J6&(4% cwide .12. ! foresettedness .12. ! forsetnes .12. ! word .12. ! wordcwide .12. ! locution !)#&0$*' ! saying !$#* ! phrase !$#*' ! comma !$(+'!"!# ! word !$%#/.!"(*/.!%*#...,+,(&<6I,,,.. ! speech !$%+'!+"$ ! stand !+!+ ! gramm !+)" ! diction .".!++*'!"*% ! road .".!+%* ! slip-slop !(&# ! construct !("!' ! group-word !%$# !, <-22%<')G%2? speakings .".!#&$'!+$# ! saying .!.!$"* ! verbalism !(** ! verbalities !()*' !" 4%&)%4,-" routine !(&& !- 34%,-" phrasing !+!!' ! phraseology !+"*'!+"(...,+,H)<'I,,,.. !. <-*'&(<')-*,-",(,$6&(4% short !%&* !/ '%&C#%X$&%44)-* word< word .12.' ! term .!.!)""' ! conveyance !$(+ ! termination !$%% ! epithet !$%%'!+*) ! notion !+$$'!+$" !/#!, 34%,-" terming .!.!)!*'!$%! !/#!" ($'#!,'')*+ a word on its/upon the wheels !+$$'.!.!+$" ! mot juste !%!&' !/#!- 9)'6,-*2?,-*%,9-&1 mononym !(()' ! monomial !(($ !/#!-#!, 4?4'%C,-" mononymy !(($ !/#!-#!" <-*G%&4)-*,)*'- mononymization !((% !0 <('<6/$6&(4%#4'-<D,$6&(4% byword !$+#0("'!"!* ! phrase !$"%' ! cant !+(!'.!.!(!$ ! cant phrase !"!&'!(+( ! cant word !"$#'!"%* ! cant term !"") ! catch-phrase .".!($*' ! wheeze !(%*'...,+,42(*+,M,<-22-UI,,,.. !1 <2)<6c glittering generality !()%'...,+,-&)+I,R;,,,.. ! cliché !(%&'...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! thought-saver !%#!' !$ "-&C32( formala .12. ! hiw .12. ! formula .".!+#(' ! cant !+(!'!"!& !2 )1)-C wise .12. ! idiom !+&(' ,! $&-G%&B proverb .!.!#"$' ! ditton !$"&'!+$# ,!#!, <-22%<' folksay/folk-say !%&%'...,+,R;,,,.. ,, -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",$6&(4% et cetera !$%"' ! chr(e)ia !+!&'!+$$0+* ! hob-nob !"+!'!""* ! phraseograph !()$' ! continentalism !($) ! snapper !($"'...,+,R;,,,.. ! humilifi c !%*$ ! binomial !%$%'!%+) ," 34%,-",!,*%/4-3*1)*+,$6&(4%4 phrase-making !(+"'!%&% ,"#!, -*%,96- sententiolist !++* ! phrase-maker !(&&' ,"#!" -*%,96-,%X$2()*4 phraseologist !"&"
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,$6&(4%4 phrasical !+!$ ! phrasal !("!,&- ! construct !("!' !, 34)*+,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' ! phrasing !((( !" (B-3*1)*+,)*,$6&(4%4 phrasy !()%' !- %X$&%44%1,)*,$6&(4%4 phrased !$$"' ! worded !()(' !. 1%(2)*+,9)'6,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' !/ -",$6&(4%4a,"&%U3%*'2?,34%1#6%(&1 rife !$!#'!+"!/.!("( !0 %X$&%44)*+,)*,'%&C4 terming !+)# !1 <-*4)4')*+,-",-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymic !("& ! monomial !(()
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#'%!)! % @4#9)'6,(,$6&(4% phraseologically !(+"' !, )*,'6%,C(**%&,-",(,"-&C32( formulaically !%$"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!'(%!)! % R4%,(,$6&(4%#$6&(4%4 phrase .".!$$*/.!((( ! phrasify !+##'!+") !, 34%,(,<2)<6c coin a phrase !%)*'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!')%!)! % >X$&%44,)*,$6&(4%4 have .!.!))%' ! phrase !$$+' ! speak !$"% !, )*,1)""%&%*',$6&(4%4 reword !((&' ! rephrase !(%$' ! retune !%$% !" <-*G%&',)*'-,-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymize !((%
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!&%!)! % R4%#"-&C(')-*,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 coining .".!+(*'!"!& ! coinage !+%#' ! neology !"%"' ! neologism !(**' ! minting !()! ! neologization !()+ ! neonism !()+ ! neoterism !("# !, -*%,96- logodaedalus !+!!'!++) ! mint-master !+)!'!+%* ! logodaedalist !"&"'!(*+ ! neologist !"($' ! neoterist !("# ! verbarian !("# !" *%9,9-&1#$6&(4% mint phrase !+&+ ! mintage !+#(' ! neologism !(*#' ! neology !()+' ! neoterism !("# ! coinage !("#' !- 9-&1#$6&(4%,B-&&-9%1,"&-C,-'6%&,2(*+3(+% loan-word !(")' ! foreignism !(""' ! lending !(() ! loan-form !%*&' !-#!, *('3&(2)T%1 denizened word !$$+ ! denizen .".!+&+/.!%##'!%#) ! hobson-jobsonism !%#) ! replica !%$+' !-#!,#!, $&-<%44,-" nativization !%"* !-#!,#!" *-' alien !(()' ! translation loan(-word) !%**' ! loan-translation !%##' ! calque !%#"' !-#!" &%B-&&-9%1,9-&1 reborrowing !%$#' !-#!"#!, (<')-*,-" reborrowing !%##'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,34%,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 new-fashion !"&% ! neological !"$)'!"") ! neologous !(!& ! neologismal !(#+ ! neoteristic !("# ! neologistic !%#$ !, <-)*%1 new-minted !$%('!"!# ! new-coined !$%(' ! made !+*"'!+(" ! coined !((!' !,#!, (B2%,'-,B% coinable !(#% !" -",(,2-(*/9-&1a,(1($'%1,'-,*(')G%,2(*+3(+% nativized !%##
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!'(%!)! % R4%#<-)*,*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 neologize !()+' ! neoterize !("# !, <(2U3% calque !%$('
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!')%!)! % A-)*,*%9,9-&1#$6&(4% coin !$(%' ! feign !+*" ! mint !+$%' ! new-coin !"**'!(*) !, B-&&-9,"&-C,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% usurp !$#!'!+%*/.!($% ! borrow !"*+' !,#!, *('3&(2)T% enfranchise !++('.".!")(...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! nativize !%"*
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!&%!)! % K%X)<-+&($6? dictionary-making !++(' ! lexicography !+(*' ! lexigraphy !(&(0#&'...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! dictionary-work !(("' !, 2%X)<-+&($6%& dictionarist !+!" ! lexicographer !+$(' ! dictionary-maker !"&"'!((& ! word-catcher !"#$' ! dictionary-writer !")& ! lexicographist !(#)0)#' !" 2%X)<-+&($6)<(2,9&)')*+4 lexicographics !"!+ !- 1)<')-*(&? dictionary !$&+' ! calepin !$+('!++& ! world of words !$%('!+%+ ! lexicon !+*#'!()( ! thesaurus !"#+'!(+& !-#!, 4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&)%4 alveary !$(* ! gradus .".!"+)' ! Webster !()#' ! the/an unabridged !(+*'!(%) ! O.E.D. !(%(' !-#!" 4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",1)<')-*(&? interpreter !+*"'!+"& ! etymologicon !+)$'!(+& ! pronouncing dictionary !"+)'!($" ! rhyming dictionary !""$' ! idioticon !()&'!((# ! collegiate !(%(...,+,.I,@C%&IW,(24-,H)<'I,,,.. ! collegiate dictionary !(%('...,+,-&)+I,H)<'I,,,.. ! desk dictionary !%)(' ! learner’s dictionary !%)(' ! reverse dictionary !%$)' !-#!- $(&'4,-",(,1)<')-*(&?,%*'&? !-#!-#!, 6%(1/9-&1#/"-&C main word !((( ! head-form !%+& ! entry form !%+&' ! head-word !%++' !-#!-#!" 2%CC( lemma !%$!' !-#!-#!"#!, (<',-",4-&')*+,)*'- lemmatisation !%+"' !-#!-#!- 2(B%2 label !%!!' !. G-<(B32(&?#<-22%<')-*,-",9-&14 vocabular !$#* ! vocabulist !$#*,&- ! vocabuler !$#*'!"*+ ! vocabulary !$#&' ! nomenclator !$($'!"*" ! word-book !$%(' ! verbal !$%%'!+&# ! lexicon !+$+'!(&# ! nomenclature !+$%'!")$ ! vocabula !+%( ! vocab !%** !.#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 vocabulist !$)$/.!(** ! nomenclator !+*%'!+&& !/ G-<(B32(&?,-",$&-$%&,*(C%4 onomasticon !"!*' !/#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 onomastic !+*%'!"!+ !0 +2-44(&? glossary !)(#' !0#!, 4$%<)!,< microglossary !%$$' !0#!" -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 glossarist !"(&' !1 1)<')-*(&?,-",4?*-*?C4#(*'-*?C4 sylva !+"$ ! synonymicon !(!# ! thesaurus !(%('...,+,R;,,,.. !$ '6%4(3&34 thesaurus !($&' !$#!, 4$%<)!,< Roget !%)*' !2 2)4',-",D%?/9-&14 word-index !%#"' ! thesaurus !%$"' !2#!, <-*<-&1(*<% concordance !#("'!(+% ! concordant !+&$ !2#!,#!, -*%,96-,9&)'%4 concordist !(!! ! concordancer !((( ,! $6&(4%/B--D phrase-book !$%)' ! phraseology !""+
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2%X)<-+&($6? lexicographal !+($ ! dictionarial !"$* ! lexicographical !"%!' ! lexicographian !(!$ ! lexicographic !(!+'!()# ! lexical !("#' ! lexigraphical !(%$ !, $%&'()*)*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&? Websterian !(")' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,2%CC( lemmatic !%$$' !- $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,+2-44(&? glossarial !(&!' !. $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,<-*<-&1(*<% concordantial !++*'.".!(*& !.#!, 4$%<)!,< key-word-in-context !%$%'
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!"#!$#!.#!/ !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2)*+3)4')<,3*)'4 !, 2%X%C)< lexemic !%$)'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!&%!)! % =-&1 clipung .12. ! dæl .12. ! word< word .12.' ! vocable !$#*'!+#(/.!"(+' ! diction !$)&'!+%" ! whid !$+"'!(+!...,+,<(*',,,.. ! vowel !$"('!+)( ! accent !$%$' ! phrase !$%"'!+%% ! quatch .".!+#$/.!"(#'...,+,1)(2I,,,.. ! mot .!.!+)$ ! verb .".!"!+ ! verbalism !"("' ! monolog !%&%'!%)" ! dicky-bird !%#&'...,+,42(*+,,,.. ! dicky !%)#...,+,42(*+,,,.. ! word-type !%+!' ! lexical item !%+)' ! lexon !%+)' !, 9&)''%* word< word .12.' !" 4$-D%* ideophone !((!'!%*% !- $&-$%&#($$&-$&)('%,9-&1 the word !$%+' !. +6-4',9-&1 ghost word !((+' ! ghost name !(%+ ! ghost form !%## !/ 9-&1,9)'6,-*2?,-*%,&%<-&1%1,-<<3&&%*<% hapax legomenon !((&' ! hapax !%+& !0 9-&1,%X$&%44)*+,$6&(4%#4%*'%*<% sentence-word !()(' ! holophrasm !(+&'!%** ! holophrase !(%%' ! phrase-word !%##' ! monorheme !%#"' !0#!, 34%,-" holophrasis !(+% !1 *-*4%*4%,9-&1 nonsense-name !()& ! nonsense word !%!%' !$ -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 cyneword .12. ! froforword .12. ! grandame words !$%( ! household word !$%%' ! wordy/wordie !"!('...,+,;<-'4,,,.. ! my whole .!.!"(%' ! foundling !(&"0#( ! Mesopotamia !(&"' ! book-word !($! ! thought-word .".!(++' ! pillow-word !(""' ! nonce-word !(() ! word-symbol !%*)' ! blessed word !%!*' ! object word !%!)' ! bogy-word !%!% ! key-word !%&+' ! fossil !%#!' ! nursery word !%##' ! four-letter word !%#)' ! pseudo-word !%$!' ! plus word !%$%' ! non-word !%+!' !2 %U3)G(2%*',-",(,9-&1,)*,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% synonym !$%)/.!(*) ,! 9-&14,<-22%<')G%2?#G-<(B32(&? wordhord .12. ! wordloca .12. ! vocabulary !"(&' ! wordage !(&%' ! word-hoard !(+%' ! wordlore !%*) ! word-stock !%!!' ! lexicon !%##' ! lexis !%+*' ! vocab !%"!' ,!#!, -",(,4$6%&%,-",(<')G)'? lexicon !+)"'!(#% ,!#!" -",(,U3(2)'?#"%%2)*+ vocabulary !""*' ,!#!- -",(,&%+)-*#4$%(D%& lexicon !%$)' ,!#!. C)*)C3C minimum vocabulary !%))'!%)" ,!#!/ 7(4)<,>*+2)46 Basic English !%&%' ,, 4)C)2(&#<-*"34(B2%,9-&14 homoeoteleft !+$& ! word-pair !%#+' ! confusables/confusibles !%"%' ,,#!, 4)C)2(&)'?,<(34)*+,C)4'(D%4,)*,<-$?)*+ homoeoteleuton !(+!' ! homoeoarchy !((# ! homoeotel !((# ! homoeotopy !((# ! homoe(o)archon !(%+' ," -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,+&-3$4#4%'4,-",9-&14 doublet !("%' ! word square !(%* ,- 2%''%-3*1,(',B%+)**)*+#%*1,-",9-&1 word-fi nal !%!(' ! word-initial !%!(' ,. 4?CB-2,&%$&%4%*')*+,9-&1 word-symbol !%## ! lexigram !%"#' ,/ 4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicology !(&(0#&...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%)%' ! lexis !%+*' ,/#!, -*%,96- wordster !%+$'...,+,*-*<%,9-&1,,,.. ,0 2-G%,-",9-&14 logolatry !(!*' ! epeolatry !(+*'!%+( ! verbomania !%&#' ! logophilia !%(*' ,0#!, -*%,96- logophile !%$%' ,1 -*%,96-,+4D)2"322?,,34%4,9-&14 verbalist !"%)' ! wordmonger !%!+' ! wordster !%"!'...,+,*-*<%,9-&1,,,.. ,$ "%(&,-",9-&14 logophobia !%&#' ,2 <-*<%&*,C%&%2?,9)'6,9-&14 verbality !+)$'!("" ,2#!, -*%,96- verbalist .!.!+*%' "! *3CB%&#"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word-frequency !%&(' ! word-count !%#*' ! wordage !%"$' ", (B3*1(*<%,-",9-&14 copiousness !(&"'!($* "" <6(*+%,-","-&C,-",9-&1,'-,+)G%,4)+*)!,<(*<% parasynesis !("" ! popular etymology !((*' ! folk etymology !((#' "- %X$&%44)-*,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalization !%)%'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,(,9-&1 verbal !+*$'!"*! ! lexonic !%++ !, )*,&%4$%<',-",%(<6,4)*+2%,9-&1 verbal !"%*' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,9-&14 vocabular !+*(' ! verbatical !+!& ! vocabulary !+!+' ! verbarian !(#* ! lexical !(#+' ! lexicalic !(+* ! morpholexical !%#%' !- <-*4)4')*+,-"#%X$&%44%1,)*,9-&14 verbal !$#*' ! wordy !+&"' !-#!, )*,C%&%,9-&14 wordish .".!$(+'!+%" ! wording !+*! ! verbal !+*$' ! syllabical !+*+ ! wordly !+##,&-/.!%&"' !-#!,#!, <-*4)4')*+,C%&%2?,)*,9-&14#4$%%<6 verbal !+!('!+$# !-#!" 9)'6-3',C(*)"%4'(')-*,)*,(<')-* verbal !+&&' !-#!- *-' non-verbal !%&"' ! textless !%$"' !. 6(G)*+#&%2(')*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,*3CB%&,-",9-&14 triverbal !(!" ! diverbal !(&$ ! many-worded .".!(#&' ! monepic .".!(#&' !/ 4D)22%1,)*,'6%,34%,-",9-&14 wordy !+*#'!+(* !/#!, *-' non-verbal !%"& !0 6(G)*+,2(&+%,G-<(B32(&? copious !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!+$!'!""&0" ! worded !"#) !1 (1-&*%1,9)'6,9-&14 word-painted !("*' !$ 1%4<&)B%1,)*,9-&14 word-painted !%#"' !2 9)'6)*,(,9-&1 intraverbal !%*%...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%$#' !2#!, )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-* word-fi nal !%)%' ! word-initial !%)%' ! word-medial !%)%' ,! $%&'()*)*+,'-,4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicological !(+"' ,, &%"%&&)*+,'-,"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word frequency !%")' ," -",9-&14a,6(G)*+,4)C)2(&,
%*1)*+4 homoteleutic !(&! ! homoeoteleutic !(%* ,"#!, &%432')*+,(4,(*,%&&-&,13%,'- homoeoteleutic !((* ,- $%&'()*)*+,'-,-'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 gefeged .12. ! manidel .12. ! teart .12. ! long-tailed !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!"+% ! communicable .".!++! ! unanalogical !"$$...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! learned !(+%,&- ! parasynetic !(($ ! monorrhemic !%#% ,. 9-&1/"-&/9-&1 word-for-word .!.!+!!/.!($(0% ! verbatim !(#)' ! word-by-word !(+$' ,/ %X$&%44)*+,96-2%,$6&(4%,B?,-*%,9-&1 holophrastic !(+*' ,0 %X$&%44%1,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalised !%)%' ,1 $(44)G%,G-<(B32(&? passive !%#$' ,$ 2)C)'%1,G-<(B32(&? basic !%&%'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#'%!)! % 7?,C%(*4,-"#)*,&%4$%<',-",9-&14 verbally !+)+' ! lexically !($('!(++ !, B?,C%&%,9-&14 verbally !($$0+' !,#!, 9)'6-3',(<<-C$(*?)*+,&%(2)'? verbally !+!*'!+"( !" )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-*,)*,9-&1 word-internally !%+)' ! word fi nally !%+$' ! word-medially !%+(' ! word-initially !%"#' !- )*,4-,C(*?,9-&14 in so many words !"&*' !. 9-&1,"-&,9-&1 word after word .!.!&** ! word by word !#"%' ! word for word .".!)**' ! after the word .!.!)** ! fro word unto word .!.!)"$ ! verbatim !)(!' ! word in word !)%# ! verbally !$((' ! verbatimly !$%" ! syllabically !+$)'.".!""( ! totidem verbis !+$%'!%*& ! verbatim et literatim !")&'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!')%!)! % 53&*)46,9)'6,9-&14 vocabularize !($! !, (<<%$',)*'-,2%X)<-* lexicalise !%#"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!&%!)! % J6&(4% cwide .12. ! foresettedness .12. ! forsetnes .12. ! word .12. ! wordcwide .12. ! locution !)#&0$*' ! saying !$#* ! phrase !$#*' ! comma !$(+'!"!# ! word !$%#/.!"(*/.!%*#...,+,(&<6I,,,.. ! speech !$%+'!+"$ ! stand !+!+ ! gramm !+)" ! diction .".!++*'!"*% ! road .".!+%* ! slip-slop !(&# ! construct !("!' ! group-word !%$# !, <-22%<')G%2? speakings .".!#&$'!+$# ! saying .!.!$"* ! verbalism !(** ! verbalities !()*' !" 4%&)%4,-" routine !(&& !- 34%,-" phrasing !+!!' ! phraseology !+"*'!+"(...,+,H)<'I,,,.. !. <-*'&(<')-*,-",(,$6&(4% short !%&* !/ '%&C#%X$&%44)-* word< word .12.' ! term .!.!)""' ! conveyance !$(+ ! termination !$%% ! epithet !$%%'!+*) ! notion !+$$'!+$" !/#!, 34%,-" terming .!.!)!*'!$%! !/#!" ($'#!,'')*+ a word on its/upon the wheels !+$$'.!.!+$" ! mot juste !%!&' !/#!- 9)'6,-*2?,-*%,9-&1 mononym !(()' ! monomial !(($ !/#!-#!, 4?4'%C,-" mononymy !(($ !/#!-#!" <-*G%&4)-*,)*'- mononymization !((% !0 <('<6/$6&(4%#4'-<D,$6&(4% byword !$+#0("'!"!* ! phrase !$"%' ! cant !+(!'.!.!(!$ ! cant phrase !"!&'!(+( ! cant word !"$#'!"%* ! cant term !"") ! catch-phrase .".!($*' ! wheeze !(%*'...,+,42(*+,M,<-22-UI,,,.. !1 <2)<6c glittering generality !()%'...,+,-&)+I,R;,,,.. ! cliché !(%&'...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! thought-saver !%#!' !$ "-&C32( formala .12. ! hiw .12. ! formula .".!+#(' ! cant !+(!'!"!& !2 )1)-C wise .12. ! idiom !+&(' ,! $&-G%&B proverb .!.!#"$' ! ditton !$"&'!+$# ,!#!, <-22%<' folksay/folk-say !%&%'...,+,R;,,,.. ,, -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",$6&(4% et cetera !$%"' ! chr(e)ia !+!&'!+$$0+* ! hob-nob !"+!'!""* ! phraseograph !()$' ! continentalism !($) ! snapper !($"'...,+,R;,,,.. ! humilifi c !%*$ ! binomial !%$%'!%+) ," 34%,-",!,*%/4-3*1)*+,$6&(4%4 phrase-making !(+"'!%&% ,"#!, -*%,96- sententiolist !++* ! phrase-maker !(&&' ,"#!" -*%,96-,%X$2()*4 phraseologist !"&"
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,$6&(4%4 phrasical !+!$ ! phrasal !("!,&- ! construct !("!' !, 34)*+,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' ! phrasing !((( !" (B-3*1)*+,)*,$6&(4%4 phrasy !()%' !- %X$&%44%1,)*,$6&(4%4 phrased !$$"' ! worded !()(' !. 1%(2)*+,9)'6,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' !/ -",$6&(4%4a,"&%U3%*'2?,34%1#6%(&1 rife !$!#'!+"!/.!("( !0 %X$&%44)*+,)*,'%&C4 terming !+)# !1 <-*4)4')*+,-",-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymic !("& ! monomial !(()
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#'%!)! % @4#9)'6,(,$6&(4% phraseologically !(+"' !, )*,'6%,C(**%&,-",(,"-&C32( formulaically !%$"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!'(%!)! % R4%,(,$6&(4%#$6&(4%4 phrase .".!$$*/.!((( ! phrasify !+##'!+") !, 34%,(,<2)<6c coin a phrase !%)*'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!')%!)! % >X$&%44,)*,$6&(4%4 have .!.!))%' ! phrase !$$+' ! speak !$"% !, )*,1)""%&%*',$6&(4%4 reword !((&' ! rephrase !(%$' ! retune !%$% !" <-*G%&',)*'-,-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymize !((%
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!&%!)! % R4%#"-&C(')-*,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 coining .".!+(*'!"!& ! coinage !+%#' ! neology !"%"' ! neologism !(**' ! minting !()! ! neologization !()+ ! neonism !()+ ! neoterism !("# !, -*%,96- logodaedalus !+!!'!++) ! mint-master !+)!'!+%* ! logodaedalist !"&"'!(*+ ! neologist !"($' ! neoterist !("# ! verbarian !("# !" *%9,9-&1#$6&(4% mint phrase !+&+ ! mintage !+#(' ! neologism !(*#' ! neology !()+' ! neoterism !("# ! coinage !("#' !- 9-&1#$6&(4%,B-&&-9%1,"&-C,-'6%&,2(*+3(+% loan-word !(")' ! foreignism !(""' ! lending !(() ! loan-form !%*&' !-#!, *('3&(2)T%1 denizened word !$$+ ! denizen .".!+&+/.!%##'!%#) ! hobson-jobsonism !%#) ! replica !%$+' !-#!,#!, $&-<%44,-" nativization !%"* !-#!,#!" *-' alien !(()' ! translation loan(-word) !%**' ! loan-translation !%##' ! calque !%#"' !-#!" &%B-&&-9%1,9-&1 reborrowing !%$#' !-#!"#!, (<')-*,-" reborrowing !%##'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,34%,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 new-fashion !"&% ! neological !"$)'!"") ! neologous !(!& ! neologismal !(#+ ! neoteristic !("# ! neologistic !%#$ !, <-)*%1 new-minted !$%('!"!# ! new-coined !$%(' ! made !+*"'!+(" ! coined !((!' !,#!, (B2%,'-,B% coinable !(#% !" -",(,2-(*/9-&1a,(1($'%1,'-,*(')G%,2(*+3(+% nativized !%##
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!'(%!)! % R4%#<-)*,*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 neologize !()+' ! neoterize !("# !, <(2U3% calque !%$('
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!')%!)! % A-)*,*%9,9-&1#$6&(4% coin !$(%' ! feign !+*" ! mint !+$%' ! new-coin !"**'!(*) !, B-&&-9,"&-C,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% usurp !$#!'!+%*/.!($% ! borrow !"*+' !,#!, *('3&(2)T% enfranchise !++('.".!")(...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! nativize !%"*
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!&%!)! % K%X)<-+&($6? dictionary-making !++(' ! lexicography !+(*' ! lexigraphy !(&(0#&'...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! dictionary-work !(("' !, 2%X)<-+&($6%& dictionarist !+!" ! lexicographer !+$(' ! dictionary-maker !"&"'!((& ! word-catcher !"#$' ! dictionary-writer !")& ! lexicographist !(#)0)#' !" 2%X)<-+&($6)<(2,9&)')*+4 lexicographics !"!+ !- 1)<')-*(&? dictionary !$&+' ! calepin !$+('!++& ! world of words !$%('!+%+ ! lexicon !+*#'!()( ! thesaurus !"#+'!(+& !-#!, 4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&)%4 alveary !$(* ! gradus .".!"+)' ! Webster !()#' ! the/an unabridged !(+*'!(%) ! O.E.D. !(%(' !-#!" 4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",1)<')-*(&? interpreter !+*"'!+"& ! etymologicon !+)$'!(+& ! pronouncing dictionary !"+)'!($" ! rhyming dictionary !""$' ! idioticon !()&'!((# ! collegiate !(%(...,+,.I,@C%&IW,(24-,H)<'I,,,.. ! collegiate dictionary !(%('...,+,-&)+I,H)<'I,,,.. ! desk dictionary !%)(' ! learner’s dictionary !%)(' ! reverse dictionary !%$)' !-#!- $(&'4,-",(,1)<')-*(&?,%*'&? !-#!-#!, 6%(1/9-&1#/"-&C main word !((( ! head-form !%+& ! entry form !%+&' ! head-word !%++' !-#!-#!" 2%CC( lemma !%$!' !-#!-#!"#!, (<',-",4-&')*+,)*'- lemmatisation !%+"' !-#!-#!- 2(B%2 label !%!!' !. G-<(B32(&?#<-22%<')-*,-",9-&14 vocabular !$#* ! vocabulist !$#*,&- ! vocabuler !$#*'!"*+ ! vocabulary !$#&' ! nomenclator !$($'!"*" ! word-book !$%(' ! verbal !$%%'!+&# ! lexicon !+$+'!(&# ! nomenclature !+$%'!")$ ! vocabula !+%( ! vocab !%** !.#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 vocabulist !$)$/.!(** ! nomenclator !+*%'!+&& !/ G-<(B32(&?,-",$&-$%&,*(C%4 onomasticon !"!*' !/#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 onomastic !+*%'!"!+ !0 +2-44(&? glossary !)(#' !0#!, 4$%<)!,< microglossary !%$$' !0#!" -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 glossarist !"(&' !1 1)<')-*(&?,-",4?*-*?C4#(*'-*?C4 sylva !+"$ ! synonymicon !(!# ! thesaurus !(%('...,+,R;,,,.. !$ '6%4(3&34 thesaurus !($&' !$#!, 4$%<)!,< Roget !%)*' !2 2)4',-",D%?/9-&14 word-index !%#"' ! thesaurus !%$"' !2#!, <-*<-&1(*<% concordance !#("'!(+% ! concordant !+&$ !2#!,#!, -*%,96-,9&)'%4 concordist !(!! ! concordancer !((( ,! $6&(4%/B--D phrase-book !$%)' ! phraseology !""+
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2%X)<-+&($6? lexicographal !+($ ! dictionarial !"$* ! lexicographical !"%!' ! lexicographian !(!$ ! lexicographic !(!+'!()# ! lexical !("#' ! lexigraphical !(%$ !, $%&'()*)*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&? Websterian !(")' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,2%CC( lemmatic !%$$' !- $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,+2-44(&? glossarial !(&!' !. $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,<-*<-&1(*<% concordantial !++*'.".!(*& !.#!, 4$%<)!,< key-word-in-context !%$%'
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!"#$"%!&%'(")*%!&%*'$$+,% n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep.!&%$
!"# $%&#'()* | !"#!$% &'()*')+
!"#!$#!.#!/ !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2)*+3)4')<,3*)'4 !, 2%X%C)< lexemic !%$)'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!&%!)! % =-&1 clipung .12. ! dæl .12. ! word< word .12.' ! vocable !$#*'!+#(/.!"(+' ! diction !$)&'!+%" ! whid !$+"'!(+!...,+,<(*',,,.. ! vowel !$"('!+)( ! accent !$%$' ! phrase !$%"'!+%% ! quatch .".!+#$/.!"(#'...,+,1)(2I,,,.. ! mot .!.!+)$ ! verb .".!"!+ ! verbalism !"("' ! monolog !%&%'!%)" ! dicky-bird !%#&'...,+,42(*+,,,.. ! dicky !%)#...,+,42(*+,,,.. ! word-type !%+!' ! lexical item !%+)' ! lexon !%+)' !, 9&)''%* word< word .12.' !" 4$-D%* ideophone !((!'!%*% !- $&-$%&#($$&-$&)('%,9-&1 the word !$%+' !. +6-4',9-&1 ghost word !((+' ! ghost name !(%+ ! ghost form !%## !/ 9-&1,9)'6,-*2?,-*%,&%<-&1%1,-<<3&&%*<% hapax legomenon !((&' ! hapax !%+& !0 9-&1,%X$&%44)*+,$6&(4%#4%*'%*<% sentence-word !()(' ! holophrasm !(+&'!%** ! holophrase !(%%' ! phrase-word !%##' ! monorheme !%#"' !0#!, 34%,-" holophrasis !(+% !1 *-*4%*4%,9-&1 nonsense-name !()& ! nonsense word !%!%' !$ -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 cyneword .12. ! froforword .12. ! grandame words !$%( ! household word !$%%' ! wordy/wordie !"!('...,+,;<-'4,,,.. ! my whole .!.!"(%' ! foundling !(&"0#( ! Mesopotamia !(&"' ! book-word !($! ! thought-word .".!(++' ! pillow-word !(""' ! nonce-word !(() ! word-symbol !%*)' ! blessed word !%!*' ! object word !%!)' ! bogy-word !%!% ! key-word !%&+' ! fossil !%#!' ! nursery word !%##' ! four-letter word !%#)' ! pseudo-word !%$!' ! plus word !%$%' ! non-word !%+!' !2 %U3)G(2%*',-",(,9-&1,)*,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% synonym !$%)/.!(*) ,! 9-&14,<-22%<')G%2?#G-<(B32(&? wordhord .12. ! wordloca .12. ! vocabulary !"(&' ! wordage !(&%' ! word-hoard !(+%' ! wordlore !%*) ! word-stock !%!!' ! lexicon !%##' ! lexis !%+*' ! vocab !%"!' ,!#!, -",(,4$6%&%,-",(<')G)'? lexicon !+)"'!(#% ,!#!" -",(,U3(2)'?#"%%2)*+ vocabulary !""*' ,!#!- -",(,&%+)-*#4$%(D%& lexicon !%$)' ,!#!. C)*)C3C minimum vocabulary !%))'!%)" ,!#!/ 7(4)<,>*+2)46 Basic English !%&%' ,, 4)C)2(&#<-*"34(B2%,9-&14 homoeoteleft !+$& ! word-pair !%#+' ! confusables/confusibles !%"%' ,,#!, 4)C)2(&)'?,<(34)*+,C)4'(D%4,)*,<-$?)*+ homoeoteleuton !(+!' ! homoeoarchy !((# ! homoeotel !((# ! homoeotopy !((# ! homoe(o)archon !(%+' ," -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,+&-3$4#4%'4,-",9-&14 doublet !("%' ! word square !(%* ,- 2%''%-3*1,(',B%+)**)*+#%*1,-",9-&1 word-fi nal !%!(' ! word-initial !%!(' ,. 4?CB-2,&%$&%4%*')*+,9-&1 word-symbol !%## ! lexigram !%"#' ,/ 4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicology !(&(0#&...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%)%' ! lexis !%+*' ,/#!, -*%,96- wordster !%+$'...,+,*-*<%,9-&1,,,.. ,0 2-G%,-",9-&14 logolatry !(!*' ! epeolatry !(+*'!%+( ! verbomania !%&#' ! logophilia !%(*' ,0#!, -*%,96- logophile !%$%' ,1 -*%,96-,+4D)2"322?,,34%4,9-&14 verbalist !"%)' ! wordmonger !%!+' ! wordster !%"!'...,+,*-*<%,9-&1,,,.. ,$ "%(&,-",9-&14 logophobia !%&#' ,2 <-*<%&*,C%&%2?,9)'6,9-&14 verbality !+)$'!("" ,2#!, -*%,96- verbalist .!.!+*%' "! *3CB%&#"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word-frequency !%&(' ! word-count !%#*' ! wordage !%"$' ", (B3*1(*<%,-",9-&14 copiousness !(&"'!($* "" <6(*+%,-","-&C,-",9-&1,'-,+)G%,4)+*)!,<(*<% parasynesis !("" ! popular etymology !((*' ! folk etymology !((#' "- %X$&%44)-*,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalization !%)%'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,(,9-&1 verbal !+*$'!"*! ! lexonic !%++ !, )*,&%4$%<',-",%(<6,4)*+2%,9-&1 verbal !"%*' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,9-&14 vocabular !+*(' ! verbatical !+!& ! vocabulary !+!+' ! verbarian !(#* ! lexical !(#+' ! lexicalic !(+* ! morpholexical !%#%' !- <-*4)4')*+,-"#%X$&%44%1,)*,9-&14 verbal !$#*' ! wordy !+&"' !-#!, )*,C%&%,9-&14 wordish .".!$(+'!+%" ! wording !+*! ! verbal !+*$' ! syllabical !+*+ ! wordly !+##,&-/.!%&"' !-#!,#!, <-*4)4')*+,C%&%2?,)*,9-&14#4$%%<6 verbal !+!('!+$# !-#!" 9)'6-3',C(*)"%4'(')-*,)*,(<')-* verbal !+&&' !-#!- *-' non-verbal !%&"' ! textless !%$"' !. 6(G)*+#&%2(')*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,*3CB%&,-",9-&14 triverbal !(!" ! diverbal !(&$ ! many-worded .".!(#&' ! monepic .".!(#&' !/ 4D)22%1,)*,'6%,34%,-",9-&14 wordy !+*#'!+(* !/#!, *-' non-verbal !%"& !0 6(G)*+,2(&+%,G-<(B32(&? copious !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!+$!'!""&0" ! worded !"#) !1 (1-&*%1,9)'6,9-&14 word-painted !("*' !$ 1%4<&)B%1,)*,9-&14 word-painted !%#"' !2 9)'6)*,(,9-&1 intraverbal !%*%...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%$#' !2#!, )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-* word-fi nal !%)%' ! word-initial !%)%' ! word-medial !%)%' ,! $%&'()*)*+,'-,4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicological !(+"' ,, &%"%&&)*+,'-,"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word frequency !%")' ," -",9-&14a,6(G)*+,4)C)2(&,
%*1)*+4 homoteleutic !(&! ! homoeoteleutic !(%* ,"#!, &%432')*+,(4,(*,%&&-&,13%,'- homoeoteleutic !((* ,- $%&'()*)*+,'-,-'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 gefeged .12. ! manidel .12. ! teart .12. ! long-tailed !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!"+% ! communicable .".!++! ! unanalogical !"$$...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! learned !(+%,&- ! parasynetic !(($ ! monorrhemic !%#% ,. 9-&1/"-&/9-&1 word-for-word .!.!+!!/.!($(0% ! verbatim !(#)' ! word-by-word !(+$' ,/ %X$&%44)*+,96-2%,$6&(4%,B?,-*%,9-&1 holophrastic !(+*' ,0 %X$&%44%1,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalised !%)%' ,1 $(44)G%,G-<(B32(&? passive !%#$' ,$ 2)C)'%1,G-<(B32(&? basic !%&%'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#'%!)! % 7?,C%(*4,-"#)*,&%4$%<',-",9-&14 verbally !+)+' ! lexically !($('!(++ !, B?,C%&%,9-&14 verbally !($$0+' !,#!, 9)'6-3',(<<-C$(*?)*+,&%(2)'? verbally !+!*'!+"( !" )*,4$%<)!,<,$-4)')-*,)*,9-&1 word-internally !%+)' ! word fi nally !%+$' ! word-medially !%+(' ! word-initially !%"#' !- )*,4-,C(*?,9-&14 in so many words !"&*' !. 9-&1,"-&,9-&1 word after word .!.!&** ! word by word !#"%' ! word for word .".!)**' ! after the word .!.!)** ! fro word unto word .!.!)"$ ! verbatim !)(!' ! word in word !)%# ! verbally !$((' ! verbatimly !$%" ! syllabically !+$)'.".!""( ! totidem verbis !+$%'!%*& ! verbatim et literatim !")&'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!')%!)! % 53&*)46,9)'6,9-&14 vocabularize !($! !, (<<%$',)*'-,2%X)<-* lexicalise !%#"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!&%!)! % J6&(4% cwide .12. ! foresettedness .12. ! forsetnes .12. ! word .12. ! wordcwide .12. ! locution !)#&0$*' ! saying !$#* ! phrase !$#*' ! comma !$(+'!"!# ! word !$%#/.!"(*/.!%*#...,+,(&<6I,,,.. ! speech !$%+'!+"$ ! stand !+!+ ! gramm !+)" ! diction .".!++*'!"*% ! road .".!+%* ! slip-slop !(&# ! construct !("!' ! group-word !%$# !, <-22%<')G%2? speakings .".!#&$'!+$# ! saying .!.!$"* ! verbalism !(** ! verbalities !()*' !" 4%&)%4,-" routine !(&& !- 34%,-" phrasing !+!!' ! phraseology !+"*'!+"(...,+,H)<'I,,,.. !. <-*'&(<')-*,-",(,$6&(4% short !%&* !/ '%&C#%X$&%44)-* word< word .12.' ! term .!.!)""' ! conveyance !$(+ ! termination !$%% ! epithet !$%%'!+*) ! notion !+$$'!+$" !/#!, 34%,-" terming .!.!)!*'!$%! !/#!" ($'#!,'')*+ a word on its/upon the wheels !+$$'.!.!+$" ! mot juste !%!&' !/#!- 9)'6,-*2?,-*%,9-&1 mononym !(()' ! monomial !(($ !/#!-#!, 4?4'%C,-" mononymy !(($ !/#!-#!" <-*G%&4)-*,)*'- mononymization !((% !0 <('<6/$6&(4%#4'-<D,$6&(4% byword !$+#0("'!"!* ! phrase !$"%' ! cant !+(!'.!.!(!$ ! cant phrase !"!&'!(+( ! cant word !"$#'!"%* ! cant term !"") ! catch-phrase .".!($*' ! wheeze !(%*'...,+,42(*+,M,<-22-UI,,,.. !1 <2)<6c glittering generality !()%'...,+,-&)+I,R;,,,.. ! cliché !(%&'...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! thought-saver !%#!' !$ "-&C32( formala .12. ! hiw .12. ! formula .".!+#(' ! cant !+(!'!"!& !2 )1)-C wise .12. ! idiom !+&(' ,! $&-G%&B proverb .!.!#"$' ! ditton !$"&'!+$# ,!#!, <-22%<' folksay/folk-say !%&%'...,+,R;,,,.. ,, -'6%&,4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",$6&(4% et cetera !$%"' ! chr(e)ia !+!&'!+$$0+* ! hob-nob !"+!'!""* ! phraseograph !()$' ! continentalism !($) ! snapper !($"'...,+,R;,,,.. ! humilifi c !%*$ ! binomial !%$%'!%+) ," 34%,-",!,*%/4-3*1)*+,$6&(4%4 phrase-making !(+"'!%&% ,"#!, -*%,96- sententiolist !++* ! phrase-maker !(&&' ,"#!" -*%,96-,%X$2()*4 phraseologist !"&"
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,$6&(4%4 phrasical !+!$ ! phrasal !("!,&- ! construct !("!' !, 34)*+,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' ! phrasing !((( !" (B-3*1)*+,)*,$6&(4%4 phrasy !()%' !- %X$&%44%1,)*,$6&(4%4 phrased !$$"' ! worded !()(' !. 1%(2)*+,9)'6,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' !/ -",$6&(4%4a,"&%U3%*'2?,34%1#6%(&1 rife !$!#'!+"!/.!("( !0 %X$&%44)*+,)*,'%&C4 terming !+)# !1 <-*4)4')*+,-",-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymic !("& ! monomial !(()
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#'%!)! % @4#9)'6,(,$6&(4% phraseologically !(+"' !, )*,'6%,C(**%&,-",(,"-&C32( formulaically !%$"'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!'(%!)! % R4%,(,$6&(4%#$6&(4%4 phrase .".!$$*/.!((( ! phrasify !+##'!+") !, 34%,(,<2)<6c coin a phrase !%)*'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!')%!)! % >X$&%44,)*,$6&(4%4 have .!.!))%' ! phrase !$$+' ! speak !$"% !, )*,1)""%&%*',$6&(4%4 reword !((&' ! rephrase !(%$' ! retune !%$% !" <-*G%&',)*'-,-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymize !((%
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!&%!)! % R4%#"-&C(')-*,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 coining .".!+(*'!"!& ! coinage !+%#' ! neology !"%"' ! neologism !(**' ! minting !()! ! neologization !()+ ! neonism !()+ ! neoterism !("# !, -*%,96- logodaedalus !+!!'!++) ! mint-master !+)!'!+%* ! logodaedalist !"&"'!(*+ ! neologist !"($' ! neoterist !("# ! verbarian !("# !" *%9,9-&1#$6&(4% mint phrase !+&+ ! mintage !+#(' ! neologism !(*#' ! neology !()+' ! neoterism !("# ! coinage !("#' !- 9-&1#$6&(4%,B-&&-9%1,"&-C,-'6%&,2(*+3(+% loan-word !(")' ! foreignism !(""' ! lending !(() ! loan-form !%*&' !-#!, *('3&(2)T%1 denizened word !$$+ ! denizen .".!+&+/.!%##'!%#) ! hobson-jobsonism !%#) ! replica !%$+' !-#!,#!, $&-<%44,-" nativization !%"* !-#!,#!" *-' alien !(()' ! translation loan(-word) !%**' ! loan-translation !%##' ! calque !%#"' !-#!" &%B-&&-9%1,9-&1 reborrowing !%$#' !-#!"#!, (<')-*,-" reborrowing !%##'
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,34%,-",*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 new-fashion !"&% ! neological !"$)'!"") ! neologous !(!& ! neologismal !(#+ ! neoteristic !("# ! neologistic !%#$ !, <-)*%1 new-minted !$%('!"!# ! new-coined !$%(' ! made !+*"'!+(" ! coined !((!' !,#!, (B2%,'-,B% coinable !(#% !" -",(,2-(*/9-&1a,(1($'%1,'-,*(')G%,2(*+3(+% nativized !%##
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!'(%!)! % R4%#<-)*,*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 neologize !()+' ! neoterize !("# !, <(2U3% calque !%$('
!"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!')%!)! % A-)*,*%9,9-&1#$6&(4% coin !$(%' ! feign !+*" ! mint !+$%' ! new-coin !"**'!(*) !, B-&&-9,"&-C,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% usurp !$#!'!+%*/.!($% ! borrow !"*+' !,#!, *('3&(2)T% enfranchise !++('.".!")(...,+,!,+I,,,.. ! nativize !%"*
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!&%!)! % K%X)<-+&($6? dictionary-making !++(' ! lexicography !+(*' ! lexigraphy !(&(0#&'...,+,H)<'I,,,.. ! dictionary-work !(("' !, 2%X)<-+&($6%& dictionarist !+!" ! lexicographer !+$(' ! dictionary-maker !"&"'!((& ! word-catcher !"#$' ! dictionary-writer !")& ! lexicographist !(#)0)#' !" 2%X)<-+&($6)<(2,9&)')*+4 lexicographics !"!+ !- 1)<')-*(&? dictionary !$&+' ! calepin !$+('!++& ! world of words !$%('!+%+ ! lexicon !+*#'!()( ! thesaurus !"#+'!(+& !-#!, 4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&)%4 alveary !$(* ! gradus .".!"+)' ! Webster !()#' ! the/an unabridged !(+*'!(%) ! O.E.D. !(%(' !-#!" 4$%<)!,<,'?$%4,-",1)<')-*(&? interpreter !+*"'!+"& ! etymologicon !+)$'!(+& ! pronouncing dictionary !"+)'!($" ! rhyming dictionary !""$' ! idioticon !()&'!((# ! collegiate !(%(...,+,.I,@C%&IW,(24-,H)<'I,,,.. ! collegiate dictionary !(%('...,+,-&)+I,H)<'I,,,.. ! desk dictionary !%)(' ! learner’s dictionary !%)(' ! reverse dictionary !%$)' !-#!- $(&'4,-",(,1)<')-*(&?,%*'&? !-#!-#!, 6%(1/9-&1#/"-&C main word !((( ! head-form !%+& ! entry form !%+&' ! head-word !%++' !-#!-#!" 2%CC( lemma !%$!' !-#!-#!"#!, (<',-",4-&')*+,)*'- lemmatisation !%+"' !-#!-#!- 2(B%2 label !%!!' !. G-<(B32(&?#<-22%<')-*,-",9-&14 vocabular !$#* ! vocabulist !$#*,&- ! vocabuler !$#*'!"*+ ! vocabulary !$#&' ! nomenclator !$($'!"*" ! word-book !$%(' ! verbal !$%%'!+&# ! lexicon !+$+'!(&# ! nomenclature !+$%'!")$ ! vocabula !+%( ! vocab !%** !.#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 vocabulist !$)$/.!(** ! nomenclator !+*%'!+&& !/ G-<(B32(&?,-",$&-$%&,*(C%4 onomasticon !"!*' !/#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 onomastic !+*%'!"!+ !0 +2-44(&? glossary !)(#' !0#!, 4$%<)!,< microglossary !%$$' !0#!" -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 glossarist !"(&' !1 1)<')-*(&?,-",4?*-*?C4#(*'-*?C4 sylva !+"$ ! synonymicon !(!# ! thesaurus !(%('...,+,R;,,,.. !$ '6%4(3&34 thesaurus !($&' !$#!, 4$%<)!,< Roget !%)*' !2 2)4',-",D%?/9-&14 word-index !%#"' ! thesaurus !%$"' !2#!, <-*<-&1(*<% concordance !#("'!(+% ! concordant !+&$ !2#!,#!, -*%,96-,9&)'%4 concordist !(!! ! concordancer !((( ,! $6&(4%/B--D phrase-book !$%)' ! phraseology !""+
!"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2%X)<-+&($6? lexicographal !+($ ! dictionarial !"$* ! lexicographical !"%!' ! lexicographian !(!$ ! lexicographic !(!+'!()# ! lexical !("#' ! lexigraphical !(%$ !, $%&'()*)*+,'-,4$%<)!,<,1)<')-*(&? Websterian !(")' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,2%CC( lemmatic !%$$' !- $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,+2-44(&? glossarial !(&!' !. $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,<-*<-&1(*<% concordantial !++*'.".!(*& !.#!, 4$%<)!,< key-word-in-context !%$%'
!"#!$#!*#!(
!"#$"%!&%'(")*%!&%*'$$+,% n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep.!&%$
wordhordOE
wordloca OE
vocabulary 1782–
wordage 1829–
wordhoard 1869–
wordlore 1904
word-stock 1911–
lexicon 1933–
lexis1960–
vocab1971–
wordhordOE
wordloca OE
vocabulary 1782–
wordage 1829–
wordhoard 1869–
wordlore 1904
word-stock 1911–
lexicon 1933–
lexis1960–
vocab1971–
HT: 02.08.04.05 (Words and Phrases) 430 words
HT: 02.08.04.05 (Words and Phrases) 430 words
HT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language) 4652 words
4652 wordsHT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language)
4652 wordsHT: 02.08.04 (Study of Language)
18582 wordsHT: 02.08 (Language)
18582 wordsHT: 02.08 (Language)
Modern English469,470 words;
those cited after 1860ADor marked as ‘current’
Food and Drink Health and Disease
The Body Biology
People Clothing
Death
Clean
lines
s
Text
iles
(Other)
Plants
Action
Space
Phys
ics
Chem
istry
Movement
TimeThe Earth
Colou
r
Properties of Materials
The Supernatural
Physical Sensibility
Relative Properties
Number
Who
lenes
s
Quan
tity
MentalCapacity
Travel
Leisure Work
Authority CommunicationArmed Hostility
Faith
Society Dwelling
Morality Education
Emotion
Language
Possession
Faculty of Will
Philo
soph
yRe
fusa
l and
Den
ial
Aesth
eticsExistence,
Creation, Causation
Constitution of Matter
Animals
Modern English469,470 words;
those cited after 1860ADor marked as ‘current’
Modern English469,470 words;
those cited after 1860ADor marked as ‘current’
English in the Age of Johnson247,933 words;
those !rst cited before 1784AD,and last cited after 1709AD
English in the Age of Shakespeare207,930 words;
those !rst cited before 1616AD,and last cited after 1564AD
English in the Age of Chaucer73,432 words;
those !rst cited before 1400AD,and last cited after 1340AD
Food and Drink Health and Disease
The Body Biology
People Clothing
Death
Clean
lines
s
Text
iles
(Other)
Plants
Action
Space
Phys
ics
Chem
istry
Movement
TimeThe Earth
Colou
r
Properties of Materials
The Supernatural
Physical Sensibility
Relative Properties
Number
Who
lenes
s
Quan
tity
MentalCapacity
Travel
Leisure Work
Authority CommunicationArmed Hostility
Faith
Society Dwelling
Morality Education
Emotion
Language
Possession
Faculty of Will
Philo
soph
yRe
fusa
l and
Den
ial
Aesth
eticsExistence,
Creation, Causation
Constitution of Matter
Animals
Metaphorical ‘Mappings’
Food and Drink Health and Disease
The Body Biology
People Clothing
Death
Clean
lines
s
Text
iles
(Other)
Plants
Action
Space
Phys
ics
Chem
istry
Movement
TimeThe Earth
Colou
r
Properties of Materials
The Supernatural
Physical Sensibility
Relative Properties
Number
Who
lenes
s
Quan
tity
MentalCapacity
Travel
Leisure Work
Authority CommunicationArmed Hostility
Faith
Society Dwelling
Morality Education
Emotion
Language
Possession
Faculty of Will
Philo
soph
yRe
fusa
l and
Den
ial
Aesth
eticsExistence,
Creation, Causation
Constitution of Matter
Animals
Metaphorical ‘Mappings’
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Positive growth in greenNegative growth in red
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Positive growth in greenNegative growth in red
01.04.07.03.06Electromagnetic energy
03.10.13.20Management of money
Category Growth, 1700-1800 Positive growth in greenNegative growth in red
01.04.07.03.06Electromagnetic energy
02.08.02Language families
03.10.13.20Management of money
01.04.02.01Chemistry
01.01.08.04Geology
03.08.11.08Journal/newspaper
-ve Category Growth, 1700-1800
-ve Category Growth, 1700-1800
-ve Category Growth, 1700-1800
03.07.04Artefacts of faith
02.02.31Moral courage
Category Growth, 1550-1625 Positive growth in greenNegative growth in red
LL Salience, Thomas Jefferson Corpus
LL Salience, Thomas Jefferson Corpus
01.06.06.03/01.06.06.05Greatness in quantity/Increase
01.05.05.21 inter aliaCourtesy/Conduct/Forms of address
03.04.02.01Command/order
03.11 et seqLeisure
[email protected]@marcgalexander
Selected ReferencesData
Kay, C., J. Roberts, M. Samuels, and I. Wotherspoon (2009). Historical Thesaurus of the OED. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Background
Kay, C., and T. Chase (1987) ‘Constructing a Thesaurus Database’. Literary and Linguistic Computing 2(3), pp. 161–163.
Lehrer, A. (1974). Semantic Fields and Lexical Structure. North- Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.
Wotherspoon, I. (1992) ‘Historical Thesaurus Database Using Ingres’, Literary and Linguistic Computing, 7, 4, pp. 218-225.
Treemaps
Shneiderman, B. (2009) ‘Treemaps for space-constrained visualization of hierarchies’, http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap-history/index.shtml
Cover image: Eolaí gan Fhéile. (2009) ‘Sloping Fields’. Intonations Art Exhibition (Dublin).
Food and Drink Health and Disease
The Body Biology
People Clothing
Death
Clean
lines
s
Text
iles
(Other)
Plants
Action
Space
Phys
ics
Chem
istry
Movement
TimeThe Earth
Colou
r
Properties of Materials
The Supernatural
Physical Sensibility
Relative Properties
Number
Who
lenes
s
Quan
tity
MentalCapacity
Travel
Leisure Work
Authority CommunicationArmed Hostility
Faith
Society Dwelling
Morality Education
Emotion
Language
Possession
Faculty of Will
Philo
soph
yRe
fusa
l and
Den
ial
Aesth
eticsExistence,
Creation, Causation
Constitution of Matter
Animals
Modern English469,470 words;
those cited after 1860ADor marked as ‘current’
1320 wordsHT: 01.06.04.15 (Computing)
HT: 02.02.22|04 (Terms of endearment, n.)
HT: 02.02.23|06 (Enemy, n.)
Existence in time and space
Life
Relative Properties
The Earth Matter
PhysicalSensibility
TheSupernatural
Authority
Faith
Society
Work ArmedHostility
Travel
Morality Leisure
InhabitingCommunication
Education
MentalCapacity
Emotion
Possession
Language
Will
Aesthetics andPhilosophy
Life
Existence intime and space
The Earth
The Supernatural
Physical Sensibility
Relative Properties
MentalCapacity
Travel
Leisure Work
Authority Communication
Armed Hostility
Faith
Society Inhabiting
Morality Education
Emotion
Language
Possession
Will
Aesthetics and
Philosophy
Matter