Pastores en America Latina

8/3/2019 Pastores en America Latina

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Z`}~btk}

ki

@aïtom` L`~oi`

N`uon Cbnby

²Zbt p{ï2

²Z`t` p{ï2

²Mýab nkdki }kt2

Kl a{inb k}~à ikmk}o~`nb nk l`} a{gktk} y lb} fbadtk} p{k ~k}~oabioki nkl

@ABT NK NOB]



ZTKE@MOB

L` ek ki Mto}~b Gk}÷} k} l` ztbz{k}~` p{k }oc{k }okinb uàlon` z`t` l`}cki~k} nk i{k}~tb ~okazb, mbab lb e{k z`t` l`} ckikt`mobik} ì~ktobtk} ` lì{k}~t`)

M{ìnb ` l`} mbictkc`mobik} }k lk} ztk}ki~` kl Kuìcklob uoub nk

Gk}{mto}~b, ï}~`} ott{azki ki cbwb, zbtp{k Nob} }oc{k k}~ìnb mbi }{z{kdlb8 }oi kad`tcb, `lc{ib} nk lb} }ktk} f{aìb} p{k fì `}{aonb kl tblnk }kt fkt`lnb} nk l` ztk}kimo` nk Nob}, ib lb k}~ài f`mokinb mbimbiuommoýi, uktn`n y fbik}~on`n, nk `fá p{k, ki `lc{ib} abaki~b}, l`Z`l`dt` nkl ]kðbt p{kn` ki ki~tknomfb y l`} cki~k} }k u{kluki k}mïz~om`} koimtïn{l`} ki k}k aki}`gk nouoib p{k nkdk }kt mbi}bl`nbt y ib {i` m`tcàà})

Akno~`t }bdtk kl z`zkl p{k k}~ài nk}`ttbllìnb l`} y lb} z`}~btk} nkGk}{mto}~b, k} {i` ~`tk` oiaoiki~k y ikmk}`to` z`t` nkukl`t lb} màdob}p{k `y{nki ` p{k Nob} mbi~oi÷k llkuìnb ` m`db }{ zlì nk }`lu`moýi)

K}~àb} }kc{tb} p{k Nob} k} eokl ` }{ Z`l`dt`, y p{k, `{ip{k }{} aoio}~t`} y aoio}~tb} }kì oieoklk}, ïl zktaìkmk eokl y }{ Z`l`dt` ib tkctk}` ` ïl u`má` }oi ì~k} f`dkt tk`low`nb `p{kllb z`t` lb m{`l e{k kiuo`n`)



OI^TBN[MMOÝI

Mtkkt ki Gk}÷} ki i{k}~tb ~okazb k} {i` b}`ná`, k}b nkdonb `l m÷a{lb nkì~o~k}~oabiob}8 y }bdtk ~bnb, zbt ~ì~`} ubmk} p{k }k oi~ktzbiki kii{k}~t` tkl`moýi mbi kl ]kðbt8 f`y ~ì~b t{onb p{k, ` ukmk}, }k f`mkoazb}odlk k}m{mf`t ` Nob})

I{k}~tb Nob} f` klkconb y k}mbconb fbadtk} y a{gktk} z`t` p{k mbbzktkimbi ïl ki l` tk}~`{t`moýi nkl a{inb y }{} f`do~ì~k}8 k}` cki~k }bi l`} y lb} z`}~btk} p{k mbiebtaì lb p{k llààb} kl z`}~bt`nb aoio}~kto`l)

]`dkab} p{k kl ]kðbt k} kl Nob} oiaìki~k, mktmìb ` i{k}~t`} uon`}, p{k}k ztkbm{z` zbt i{k}~t`} }o~{`mobik} zkt}bi`lk}, eàolo`tk} y }bmo`lk}8 l`Dodlo` nomk p{k kl ]kðbt ~okik m{on`nb nk }{ z{kdlb y }k ztkbm{z` zbti{k}~t`} uon`})

Kl a{inb mbi }{} noukt}`} }o~{`mobik} y mbiabmobik} }bmo`lk}, ikmk}o~` nk}ocib} nkl àbt nk Nob}, y {i` aìkt` ztàm~om` p{k Nob} f` onk`nb k} }{ztk}kimo` ` ~tùï} nk zkt}bi`} p{k p{oktki }kt y `m~{`t ` oa`cki y }kakgìw` nkl D{ki Z`}~bt, Gk}÷} kl ]kðbt)

Ki kl a`tmb nk lb} }oi}`dbtk} ki p{k mbiuouk kl }kt f{aìb, nkdkab}

tkelkvobi`t z`t~okinb nk ztkao}`} nk zb}odlk} tk}z{k}~`} ì~k kl nk}btnki y m`b} kvo}~kimo`l) Nk k}` aìkt` ztkc{i~kab}8 ²Mýab nkeoiot ` k}`}a{gktk} y fbadtk} p{k }k fì }onb klkcon`} y klkconb} y p{k fì n`nb {i}á `l ]kðbt2, ²p{ï tkp{o}o~b} nkdki m{azlot2, ²p{ï e{imobik} nkdki`}{aot mbab ~`lk}2, ï}~`} y b~tb} m{k}~obiàoki~b} }bi lb} p{k nkdkab}tk}zbinkt z`t` nkg`t ki kl a{inb tkmkz~oub, {i` onk` nk lb ctìnob}b p{kk} Nob} kl ]kðbt nk ~bnb lb mtk`nb)

L` Dodlo` }oc{k }okinb, fby zbt fby, kl z{i~b nk tkektkimo` z`t` k}~`dlkmktlb} z`}b} abt`lk} y ï~omb} p{k c{áki kl màoi`t nk l`} y lb} z`}~btk})

Lk} oiuo~b ` p{k g{i~`} y g{i~b} tkelkvobikab} }bdtk ~ì oazbt~ì~k} y nk~ktaoiì~k} z{i~b})



O I N O M K

Nknom`~bto` 4

Ztke`mob =

Oi~tbn{mmoýi >

O) MBIMKZ^B] Z@] ^BT@L K]))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))? ! 00

0) @d{}b4) @mbi}kg`aoki~b=) Ï~om`>) A`ioz{l`moýi;) Aoio}~ktob5) Abt`l3) Z`m~b}6) Z`}~bt?) Z`}~bt`l0:) Z}omb~kt`zo`

00) ^kt`zo`

OO) @D[]B] Z@]^BT@LK]‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥))) ) )04 4:

0) Ml`}k} nk `d{}b

․ Kmbiýaomb}

․ Kabmobi`lk}․ Z}omblýcomb}․ Eá}omb}

4) Ki L` Fo}~bto` nk L` Oclk}o`



@m{l~{t`moýi

Kl Mo}a` nk Btoki~k

L`} Mt{w`n`}L` Oip{o}omoýi

Kl Ct`i Mo}a`

L`} Oin{lckimo`}

L` Mbi~t`ttkebta`

OOO) Ï^OM@ AOIO]^KTO@L‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥)40 45

Z`zkl nk l` b kl z`}~bt

L` b kl z`}~bt mbab lánkt &lonktkw`/

L` b kl z`}~bt mbab a`k}~tb

L` b kl z`}~bt mbab mbi}kgktb&`/

OU) ]O^[@MOÝI @M^[@L NKL Z@]^BT@NB‥ ‥‥ ‥‥ ‥)))43 =;

@l~b K}~`nb nk Uon` &@l~b }~`~{} p{b/

Zl`mktk} }kv{`lk}

Zbnktáb nk}aknonb y nk}zý~omb

Abnb nk Uon` & Abn{} Uoukino}/ b k}~olb nk uon`

L` Ubm`moýi mbiekton` zbt Nob} ` ao uon`



U) ²L@ OCLK]O@ NK MTO]^B MÝA B KIETKI^@ LB] @D[]B]

Z@]^BT@LK]2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) =5 >=

L` Oclk}o` nk Mto}~b

Ztbykm~b nk Uon` Aoio}~kto`l

Ztoaktb no}máz{lb} y nk}z{ï} z`}~btk}

K}~`~{~b} b tkclàki~b} nk tkc{l`moýi nk l` uon` kmlk}o`l

Kn{m`moýi y ebta`moýi nk mìnon`~`} y mìnon`~b} `l z`}~bt`nb

Kl }kt f{aìb ib k} zktekm~b, zktb z{knk m`n` ná` akgbt`t

L` z`tàdbl` nkl m{ktzb

Mbiml{}oýi‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥>>

Mo~`} Dodlobctàeom`}‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥))))‥))>; >5

Dodlobctèá`‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥>3



M@ZÁ^[LB O

MBIMKZ^B]

Z@]^BT@LK]



O) MBIMKZ^B] Z@] ^BT@L K]

0) Z`}~bt`l

K} kl ztbmk}b ki `~kimoýi k}zoto~{`la`~kto`l oi}~o~{mobi`low`n`, p{k l`

Oclk}o` ztk}~` y ztbzbtmobi` `l z{kdlb, ztoimoz`laki~k mto}~oìb, `l p{k

ztbak~oý lb m{on`tà, `loaki~`tà y nkekinktà nk lb} `~`p{k} nkl a`l) &0/

4) Z`}~bt

L` z`l`dt` z`}~bt z{knk }kt oi~ktmàdo`dlk mbi b~tb} ~ïtaoib}, ` }`dkt7

ìmoìb&`/, bdo}zb&`/, aoio}~tb&`/, }oktub&`/, lánkt b lonktkw`,

}bdtkukknbt&`/ , y b~tb}) ]k lk llà` ` l` zkt}bi`, aoio}~t` b aoio}~tb,

fbadtk b a{gkt, p{k ~okik kl ztouolkcob nk z`t~omoz`t &z`}~btk`t/, ki l`

notkmmoýi y"b `mbaz`ðàoki~b, f`mo` l` knoeom`moýi nk l` ctky mto}~oì`) &4/

]kc÷i kl `zý}~bl Z`dlb, l` b kl aoio}~tb nk Nob} nkdk }kt }oi e`l~`}, nbink l`

mba{ion`n ib ~kic` ab~oub} z`t` ùktcbiw`tlk, `}á7 a t̀onb nk {i` a{gkt

&b a{gkt nk {i }blb fbadtk/, n`nb `l mbi}{ab ~kazl`nb nkl uoib, `nkaà}mbi `{~bnbaoiob, g{omob}b, btnki`nb, àocb b ztb~km~bt nk kv~t`ðb} p{k

ikmk}o~ki nk kll` b ïl, mba{iom`nbt&`/ nk lb p{k }`dk y knoeom`,

dbin`nb}b&`/, }{ao}b, z`máeomb &no}z{k}~b ` aì~kikt l` `tabiá`/, p{k

cbdoktik y ztb~kg` ` }{} fogb} k fog`}, ib }kt ot`m{in`&b/ &}oi z`w y

mblktoki~b/, y b~tb}

=)

Ï~om`K} l` z`t~k nk l` Eolb}beá` p{k ~t`~` nk l` abt`l y lb} u`lbtk}, nk}nk l`

zkt}zkm~ou` kvo}~kimo`l)

>) Abt`l

Mokimo` p{k ~t`~` }bdtk lb} u`lbtk} b l`} `mmobik} p{k knoeomì ` lb} }ktk}

f{aìb} y ` l`} }bmokn`nk})



;) @d{}b

K} kl {}b b aìoz{l`moýi oinkdon` nk `lcb b `lc{oki mbi eoik} nk}~t{m~oub}

b kcbá}~`})Ki z`}~bt`l }k nk}oci` e{inàki~`laki~k `l a`l~t`~b k}zoto~{`l b a`~kto`l

f`mo` {i` zkt}bi` b mba{ion`n p{k ikmk}o~` `y{n`, `zbyb b a`ybt

mtkmoaoki~b k}zoto~{`l, nìnb l{c`t ` l` no}aoi{moýi k}zoto~{`l nk k}`

zkt}bi` b ct{zb &=/

5) Aoio}~ktob

K} l` ao}oýi b e{imoýi ztbzo` nk oinouon{b} b oi}~o~{mobik}, mbi aot`} `

}ktuot ` ~tùï} nkl K}záto~{ ]ì~b, ki kl ibadtk nk Gk}÷} y clbtoeomìnb

}okaztk `l Z`ntk) Mbttoki~kaki~k }k nk}oci` mbab {i` tk}z{k}~` b {i

}ktuomob k}zkmo`l p{k }k nk}`ttbll`, mbab mbi}km{kimo` nkl llà`nb nk Nob}

` f`mkt `lcb z`t~om{l`t, y p{k k} `}oci`nb zbt kl ]kðbt)

3) Aìoz{l`moýi

K} l` `mmoýi nk aìkg`t b notocot `lcb b ` `lc{oki mbi eoik} kcbá}~`})

Z`}~bt`laki~k k} f`mktlb e{kt` nkl mbi~kv~b dádlomb, b nk l` ubl{i~`n nk

Nob})

6) Z`m~b}

@loìw`} b mbi~t`~b} p{k }k k}~`dlkmki ki~tk kl fbadtk b a{gkt y Nob}8

ckikt`laki~k p{oki mbaokiw` lb} z`m~b} }bi lb} }ktk} f{aìb} mbab

tk}z{k}~` ` l` Z`l`dt` nk Nob} ztknom`n` y kvz{k}~`) L` Dodlo` akimobi`

u`tob} z`m~b} fkmfb} mbab oiomo`~ou` nk Nob} y p{k kl }kt f{aìbtk}zbinoý) U) ct) Z`m~b mbi @dt`fà &>/

?) @mbi}kgàoki~b

K} kl ztbmk}b ~kt`zï{~omb b z}omb~kt`zï{~omb nbink {i` zkt}bi` e{ick

mbab mbi}kgktb b mbi}kgkt`, mbi kl onk`l nk `y{n`t ` b~t` zkt}bi`, l` b kl



`mbi}kg`nb, ` {dom`t }{} ztbdlka`} y d{}m`t l` ~ba` nk nkmo}obik} mbi l`

eoi`lon`n nk `lmìw`t l`} zb}odlk} }bl{mobik} ztàm~om`} y kekm~ou`})

0:) Z}omb~kt`zo`

K} kl ztbmk}b nk `y{n`t `l z`moki~k b zkt}bi` mbi ztbdlka`}, ` tkmbibmkt

kl btocki y nk~km~`t kl uktn`nktb ztbdlka`, y, ki i{k}~tb m`}b, mbi `zkcb `

l` ï~om` mto}~oì`, `y{n`tlk ` ~ba`t l`} akgbtk} }bl{mobik} b zb}~{t`}, mbi

kl `zbyb nk lb} mbibmoaoki~b} y ~ïmiom`} moki~áeom`}, p{k fì }onb

`np{oton`} zbt kl z}omb~kt`zk{~` ki {i` e`m{l~`n k}zkmo`low`n`)

00) ^kt`zo`

K} kl ztbmk}b nk `y{n`t `l z`moki~k b zkt}bi` mbi ztbdlka`}, ` tkmbibmkt

kl btocki y nk~km~`t kl uktn`nktb ztbdlka` y `y{n`tlk ` ~ba`t, mbi ̀ zkcb `

l` ï~om` mto}~oì`, l`} akgbtk} }bl{mobik} b zb}~{t`}, mbi l` ̀ y{n`, ~àdoïi,

nk lb} mbibmoaoki~b} y ~ïmiom`} mbin{m~{`lk}, p{k fì }onb `np{oton`} zbt

kl ~kt`zk{~`, ki {i mki~tb ~kt`zï{~omb nk `zbyb ` zkt}bi`} mbi ztbdlka`}

nk mbin{m~`)

04) E`l}b} ztbek~`}

A{gktk} y fbadtk} p{k }k fì `{~bibadt`nb “}oktub} nk Nob}‑ b

“z`}~btk} klkconb} y mbi}`ct`nb} zbt Nob}‑, mbi l` eoi`lon`n nk notocot `l

z{kdlb nk Nob}, zktb p{k }{ mbin{m~` y nkmo}obik} bdknkmk ` nk}kb}

akwp{oib} y eùbt`dlk} }blàki~k ` }{ zkt}bi` y }{} “}ktk} p{ktonb}‑8

k}b} ztbek~`} aìoz{lì l`} ubl{i~`nk} nk l` ctky y lk} ztbubmì, l`

a`ybtá` nk ukmk}, {i` uon` k}zoto~{`lzkt}bi`l no}~bt}obi`n` y u`má` nk l`} dbin`nk} y uktn`nk} nkl ]kðbt)



M@ZÁ^[LB OO

@D[]B]

Z@]^BT@LK]

OO) @D[]B] Z@]^BT@LK]

@d{}`t k} mbi~tbl`t b nbaoi`t ` b~t` zkt}bi`, }oi mbi}onkt`t lb p{k z`}`tà

mbi kl k}~`nb nk dokik}~`t nk uon` nk kabmobik}, b mtkmoaoki~b k}zoto~{`l

nk k}` zkt}bi`8 ki ukw nk `y{n`t y `zby`t, }k k}~ài nk}~t{ykinb l`} uon`}

nk a{mfb} eoklk}, fbadtk} y a{gktk})



Ki ibadtk nk Nob} }k fì }{}mo~`nb, ki l` fo}~bto` nk lb} z{kdlb} nkl

a{inb, `~tbmon`nk}, y `÷i ib k}~àb} lodtk} p{k b~t`} mbi~oi÷ki

`mbi~kmokinb)

0) Ml`}k} nk ` d{}b

․ Kmbiýaomb}

]k mbi~tbl` kl {}b nkl noiktb nk l` cki~k) Lb} `d{}`nbtk}, fbadtk} y a{gktk}, uì `zbyìnb }{} e`l}`}, zktb “zo`nb}`}‑ zb}~{t`}, d{}mìnb

kitop{kmkt}k, {~olowìnb oik}mt{z{lb}àki~k L`} K}mto~{t`} mbab }bzbt~k

nocib nk mtkkt y tk}zk~`t zbt z`t~k nk l`} zkt}bi`} {l~t`g`n`}) _ lb}

nk}m`t`nb} z`}~btk} m`n` ná` }k kitop{kmki ` mb}~` nk lb} ki~tkc`nb} y

}oimkt`} y }oimktb} fktaìb}

L`} y lb} `d{}`nbtk}, mbiukimki ` l` cki~k mto}~oì`, p{k nkdki f`mkt

z`m~b} mbi Nob}, ki~tkcìnb }{ noiktb, ` ~tùï} nk m{ì~ob}`} betkin`}, `

ukmk} e{kt` nk l` m`z`mon`n nk lb} bektki~k}8 }oi kad`tcb, }k aìoeok}~`, `

bektki~k}, p{k kl ib m{azloaoki~b nk ztbak}`} kmbiýaom`} ~t`k mbab

mbi}km{kimo` a`lnomobik}, y ï}~`} }ýlb }bi }{}zkinon`} `l z`c`t kl z`m~b,

`{ip{k mbi kllb }k llkuk nk kim{ki~tb ` }{ ztbzo` eàolo` y }{} ztbzo`}

uon`})

M`n` ná` }{tcki i{ku`} ebta`} nk aìoz{l`moýi kmbiýaom`, ` ~tùï} nk l`

t`nob, ~klkuo}oýi y, zbt b~tb} aknob}, }oi oazbt~`t l` }kc{ton`n kmbiýaom`

`loaki~`to` nk l`} eàolo`} bektki~k})

․ Kabmobi`lk}



]k l`dt` mbi ztbe{inon`n l` aki~k nk lb} mtkyki~k} mbi kl eoi p{k nkmloiki

}{} }ki~oaoki~b} ` eùbt nkl dokik}~`t nkl z`}~bt y }{} nk}kb} kcbá}~`} y , `

ukmk}, `}p{ktb}b}8 nocb `}p{ktb}b}, zbtp{k `lc{i`} `m~ouon`nk} }bizt`m~om`n`} z`t` `z`tkmkt mbab `m~o~{nk} ztbzo`} y }oimkt`}, m{ìnb ki

tk`lon`n k} {i ntà` ol{}btob)

@lc{ib} “z`}~btk}‑, p{k akgbt }ktá` llà`tlk} nkubt`nbtk}, g{kcì mbi lb}

}ki~oaoki~b} nk l` cki~k, k}zkmo`laki~k nk lb} aà} ikmk}o~`nb} nk m`toðb,

m`lbt, mbaztki}oýi y `zbyb) K}~`} zkt}bi`}, nomfb} z`}~bt`} y z`}~btk},

betkmki ` l`} mbictkc`mobik} cì`t}k kl moklb mbi kl fkmfb p{k }k lk}

ki~tkc{ki biktb}`} betkin`})

․ Z}omblýcomb}

]k aìoz{lì ki lb} aokadtb} nk l`} mbictkc`mobik}, lb} mbimkz~b} nk lb}

u`lbtk} }kadt`nb} nk}nk l` ioðkw, ztbn{m~b nk l` kn{m`moýi nk l`} d{ki`}

eàolo`}, y }k oi}kt~ì ki l` aki~k y mbt`wýi, mbimkz~b} p{k l` fo}~bto` f`

nkab}~t`nb p{k }bi ike`}~b} ki l` kn{m`moýi y `tabiá` nk l` eàolo`8 {i

kgkazlb uoub nk kllb} k} p{k l`} a{gktk} nkdki k}~`t }otuokinb ki l`}

oclk}o`}, }oi oazbt~`t p{k kll`} `~okinì doki y ` }{ ~okazb ` }{} k}zb}b} k

fogb}) ]okaztk tkm{ktnb `p{kl a`~toabiob p{k l` k}zb}` bt`d` a{mfb zbt

l` mbiukt}oýi nk }{ k}zb}b8 y Nob} }k lb mbimknoý, `p{kl fbadtk p{k

z`tkmá` {i bctb, `mkz~ý p{k }{ k}zb}` e{kt` ` l` oclk}o` `l beomob nbaoiom`l,

zktb k}k ao}ab fbadtk cto~b mbi mýlkt` m{ìnb kl z`}~bt tk`low`d` {i

beomob nk aà} nk ~tk} fbt`} llkuàinb}k nk kim{ki~tb l` fbt` }`ct`n` nk lb}

`loaki~b}8 ki `p{kl fbc`t ib f`dá` `la{ktwb zbtp{k l` }kðbt` nkdá` k}~`t



ki kl “k~ktib m{l~b “8 ib nkdkab} m`kt ki k}b} kv~tkab} y kttbtk}, p{k }bi

ztbn{m~b nk e`l~` nk l` uo}oýi z`}~bt`l p{k Gk}÷} p{oktk p{k }k oazlkaki~k)

․ Eá}omb}

]k tkeoktk k}zkmáeomàki~k `l nk}oi~ktï} nk {~olow`t l`} f`dolon`nk} y

nk}~tkw`} nk lb} }ktk} f{aìb}, fktaìb} nk l` oclk}o`, p{k z`t` lb}

notocki~k} ib }bi nk }{ `ct`nb y p{k zbt lb ~ì~b nkdki }kt tklkc`nb}, ib

zbtp{k lb àkto~ki, }oib zbtp{k kl b `lc{ib} lánktk} kmlk}o`lk} ib p{oktki

n`tlk z`t~omoz`moýi) A{mf`} ukmk} k}` `m~o~{n }k e{inàki~`, ki z`l`dt`}

p{k Nob} f`dlý `l bánb nkl b lb} `d{}`nbtk})

@fbt` k} ~ì mba÷i k}m{mf`t ` z`}~btk} nkmot p{k ~`l fktaì` nkdk k}~`t

`l }ktuomob nk ïl zbtp{k Nob} lk f`dlý mbi z`l`dt`} `{nodlk}, {}ìnb

z`l`dt`} ztke`dtom`n`} mbab7 kl ]kðbt ak f` tkukl`nb‥8 Nob} ak f`dlý y

ak nogb‥8 y b~t`} p{k }bi z`t~k nk `mktub nk lbdb} ektbmk} d{}mìnb `

p{oki nkubt`t)K}~by }kc{tb p{k Nob} f`dl`, zktb kl ]kðbt i{im` n`tà z`l`dt` ki mbi~t`

nk }{} bukg`})

4) Ki L` Fo}~bto` nk L` Oclk}o`

@m{l~{t`moýi7

K} l` oazb}omoýi nk abnklb} m{l~{t`lk} }bdtk b~t`} m{l~{t`}, }oi oazbt~`t

`m`d`t y kv~ktaoi`t l` m{l~{t` y tklocoýi `{~ým~bi` y ztbzo` nkl l{c`t)

Nk}nk lb} ztoaktb} }oclb} nk l` Oclk}o`, z`t` kl mtkmoaoki~b i{aïtomb, }k

{}ý mbab aknob nk l` oaz{}oktbi nk l`} eok}~`} nk lb} aàt~otk},

}{zlì~ìnb l`} eok}~`} z`cì`})

@m{l~{t`moýi

k} l`

oazb}omoýi nk

abnklb}

m{l~{t`lk}

}bdtk b~t`}

m{l~{t`}



Mbi}~ì~oib kt` {i cbdkti`nbt kvmkzmobi`l, {i k}~`no}~` &;/ p{k }`dá`

cì`t}k l` ubl{i~`n nk }{} }÷dno~b}, }oi kad`tcb, oaz{}b kl mto}~oìo}ab

zbtp{k ` }{ aìkt` mtká` ki Gk}{mto}~b, y }okaztk d{}m`d` ` ~tùï} nk lbp{k f`má` kl eùbt nkl Nob} nk k}b} mtkyki~k} ) Ki kl `ðb =4>,

Mbi}~ì~oib, btnkiý, p{k kl ztoakt ná` nk l` }kaì` ~bnb} lb} }bln`nb}

`nbt`tì `l Nob} }{ztkab)

Mbi}~ì~oib }okaztk }k tk}ktuý kl {}b nk mokt~`} ztàm~om`} tklocob}`}, z{k}

}k mbi}onkt`d` ` }á ao}ab “bdo}zb nk bdo}zb}‑, `nkaà}, ïl ib }k mbi~`d`

ki~tk lb} eoklk}8 }k d`{~owý ki kl lkmfb nk a{kt~k)

@ zk}`t nk l`} d{ki`} mb}`} p{k fowb ki ztb nk a{mf`} oclk}o`},

Mbi}~ì~oib {}ìnb nk }{ zbnkt, oaz{}b `m~ouon`nk} z`cì`} f`moïinbl`}

z`}`t mbab mto}~oì`})

Ki a{mfb} abaki~b} m{ìnb }k oazlì~ý kl mto}~oìo}ab, }k nk}ztkmoý `

l`} lkic{`} `{~ým~bi`} &u{lc`tk}/, y }k kvocoý kl {}b nk l`} lkic{`} nk lb}

mblbiow`nbtk}, k}zkmo`laki~k ki l` ztàm~om` nk l` Lo~{tco`)

Kl Mo}a` nk Bt oki~k

Mo}a` ki k}~k mbi~kv~b }ocioeom` t{z~{t` nk tkl`mobik} tklocob}`} ki~tk l`

oclk}o` ctokc` y l` oclk}o` tbaì`)

Lb} ctokcb} ~okiki {i` mbimkzmoýi aà} mblkco`l nkl kzo}mbz`nb, aoki~t`}p{k, kl z`z`, mbab “}{mk}bt nk Zkntb‑, }k tkmbibmk ` ukmk} {i zbnkt nk

oi~ktukimoýi ki l` oclk}o` {ioukt}`l) Z`t` lb} btoki~`lk}, Tba` ib ~okik

ztoa`má` g{to}nommobi`l, }oib p{k {i` ztoa`má` nk fbibt)

^ì~b kl zkt}bi`gk tbaìb, kl m`tnki`l F{adkt~b, ` p{oki kl z`z` Lkýi OV

lk kim`tcý l` ao}oýi nk Mbi}~ì~oibzl`, mbab kl z`~to`tm` nk nk k}~`

Kl Mo}a` nk

Btoki~k, k} l`

t{z~{t` nk l`}

tkl`mobik}

tklocob}`}

ki~tk l`

Oclk}o` nk

Ctkmo` y l`

Oclk}o` nk

Tba`)



÷l~oa`, Aoc{kl Mkt{l`tob, }k bluon`tbi nkl doki p{k zbnáì f`mktlk `l

a{inb ctkmbttbaìb, y zbt kl mbi~t`tob, }k nknom`tbi ` ebt~`lkmkt }{}

oi~kimobik} zkt}bi`lk} akwp{oi`} y kcbá}~`})

Mbi a{mf` ocibtìmo`, kl m`tnki`l F{adkt~b, kvmba{lcý `l z`~to`tm`

Mkt{l`tob, kmfàinblk ki m`t` l` }{ztk}oýi nkl eolobp{k, kl a`~toabiob nk

}`mktnb~k}, k~m‥ Ocibt` p{k A`tì`~f` }ocioeom`7 “Uki , ]kðbt‑, y p{k ib

k} {i` mbinki`moýi) Kllb nka{k}~t` l` zbm` m{l~{t` dádlom` p{k ~kiáì

`lc{ib} cbdktiì~k} nk l` Oclk}o` ki l` fo}~bto` nkl a{inb mto}~oìb)

Nk m{`lp{okt aìkt` l` kvmba{ioýi e{k {i ztbmk}b nk d`gb ioukl)

L`} Mt{w`n`}7

L` Mt{w`n`} e{ktbi kl ekiýakib aà} ib~`dlk nk l` Kn`n Akno`,

k}zkmáeomàki~k nkl }oclb VO) ]{} m`{}`} e{ktbi a÷l~ozlk}) &5/ Ki l`

`m~{`lon`n }k lk mbibmki mbab l`} oiu`}obik} nk lb} mto}~oìb} mbi~t` lb}

a{}{laìk})

L`} zktkctoi`mobik} f`mo` ôktt` ]ì~` y Tba`, }k f`dáì fkmfb zbz{l`tk}

ki kl }oclb OU) Mbi kl z`}b nkl ~okazb }k mbiuot~oktbi ki {i` ebta` nk

zkio~kimo` `nkm{`n` z`t` mokt~b} zkm`nb}) ^àdoïi, nk}z{ï} nk f`dkt }onb

~ba`nb} `lc{ib} l{c`tk} }ì~b} zbt lb} àt`dk}, l`} zktkctoi`mobik} }k

mbiuot~oktbi ki {i` ebta` nk a{kt~k nk zktkctoi`moýi ` ôktt` ]ì~` mbab

l` }{ztka` klkmmoýi nouoi`) L` C{ktt` zbt nk}ociob y btnki nk Nob} }kmbiuot~oý ki ]ì~`, y zbt kllb m`n` fbadtk nkdk k}~`t `lo}~`nb ki kl }ktuomob

aolo~`t z`t` `ct`n`t ` Nob}) Aìoek}~`dì p{k l` C{ktt` ]ì~` k} l`

kaztk}` nk Nob}) Lb} mto}~oìb} ~t`~`dì nk kmf`t ` lb} abtb} nk K}z`ð`,

mbi l` `y{n` y `zbyb nkl z`z`) &3/

L`} Mt{w`n`}

}k

mbiuot~oktbi

ki l` kaztk}`

nk Nob}, e{k

l` c{ktt`

}ì~`

btnki`n` zbt

Nob}



Kl z`z` [tdìb OO, ki kl Mbimolob nk Mlktabi~, ki 0?:;, ki Etìmo`, lìwý

}{ eàb}b llà`nb ` l` ztoakt` mt{w`n` &e{k ~ba`n` Gkt{}`lïi/, &6/ lk}

oiuo~ý ` p{k `m~{`tì mbab u`loki~k} }bln`nb} ki mbi~t` nk lb} z`cìb},p{okik}, }kc÷i ïl k}~`dì f`mokinb }{etot mt{klaki~k ` lb} mto}~oìb} nk y

ki btoki~k, y betkmoý oin{lckimo` zlki`to` ` ~bnb} lb} p{k a{toktì ki ~`l

kaztk}`8 l` cki~k nk}z{ï} nkl no}m{t}b cto~ý7 Nob} lb p{oktk! &?/

L` Oip{o}omoýi

L` oip{o}omoýi i`mk zbt lb} `ðb} 044:04=:, m{ìnb kl zbnkt mouol y kl

tklocob}b }k {ioktbi z`t` l` d÷}p{kn` }o}~kaà~omàki~k &oip{o}o~ob/ nk lb}

fktkgk}, fbadtk} y a{gktk}, y }{ m`}~ocb) ]k n` ki~bimk} mbab m`}~ocb7 l`

a{kt~k zbt kl e{kcb8 }oi kad`tcb, f{doktbi b~tb} m`}~ocb} mbab l` màtmkl,

a{l~`}, ~bt~{t`, y b~tb})

M`n` zkt}bi`, p{k }kc÷i l`} `{~bton`nk} kmlk}oà}~om`}, k}~`d` mbi~t` l`

~kblbcá` nk l` oclk}o` tbaì`, kt` }bak~on` ` ~bt~{t`} z`t` nk}o}~ot nk }{}

mtkkimo`}, y }o ib, ~kiá` l` a{kt~k mbab m`}~ocb aàvoab) E{ktbi a{mf`}

l`} zkt}bi`} p{k }{etoktbi l` p{ka` ki l` fbc{kt`, ` ukmk}, ~kiáì t`wýi ki

}{} mtkkimo`}, zktb l` oclk}o` ib lb `mkz~`d` zbtp{k od` mbi~t` }{}

oi~ktk}k}, nk `lc{ib}, b nkl mblkcob m`tnki`lomob b z`z`l)

Kl Ctì Mo}a`7

K} mbi ~bn` l` mkt~kw` zb}odlk {i` oazá` n{`lon`n)

Lb} tbaìb} p{oktki {i z`z` o~`loìb, z{k} ib p{oktki p{k }k u`y` nk }{

~oktt`8 lb} nk @uocibi, zonki u{klu` kl z`z` ` Etìmo`)

L` Oip{o}omoýi

}k mbiuot~oý

ki l`

d÷}p{kn`

}o}~kaà~om` y

m`}~ocb nk lb}

p{k odì ki

mbi~t` nk l`

~kblbcá` nk l`

Oclk}o`tbaì`)



Lb} m`tnki`lk} }k `ztk}{tì ` klkcot `l `twbdo}zb nk D`to, p{oki ib kt`

m`tnki`l, D`t~blbakb Ztociìb, p{k ~ba` kl ibadtk nk [tdìb UO) Ï}~k

ib }bzbt~ý ` lb} m`tnki`lk} etìmk}k} p{k `dìnbi`tbi Tba`)

Lb} etìmk}k}, oiubmìnb l` ztk}oýi zbz{l`t, ztbmknki ki 0=36, ` {i`

i{ku` klkmmoýi, l` nk Tbdkt~b nk Coikdt`, p{k ~baý kl ibadtk nk

Mlkaki~k UOO, p{oki `l ib zbnkt k}~`dlkmkt}k ki Tba`, }k oi}~`lý ki

@uocibi) Kl tky nk Etìmo`, M`tlb} U, ki zb} nk tkmbibmkt ` Mlkaki~k UOO,

mbieotaý {i mo}a` p{k n{tý m`}o m{`tki~` `ðb}) L` mto}~oìn`n }k nouonoý

ki nb}, lb} mlkaki~o~b} y lb} {tdìo}~`}) Mbi l` a{kt~k nk lb} z`z`} }k

klocki }{} }{mk}btk}, Dbioe`mob OV &0=6?/ ki Tba` y Dkiknom~b VOOO &0=?>/

ki @uocibi)

Lb} m`tnki`lk} nk lb} nb} dìnb} mtkyktbi }bl{mobi`t l` n{`lon`n z`zo}~`

mbi l` klkmmoýi nk {i i{kub z`z`, y `}á, ki kl Mbimolob nk Zo}` &0>:?/, }k

mbiubm` ` l` klkmmoýi nkl z`z` p{k }ktà kl uktn`nktb8 nk k}` aìkt` }k

nkzbiki lb} nb} z`z`} y }k klock ` @lkgìntb U) L` mto}~oìn`n ~okik ~tk}

z`z`}! Lb} zlko~b} }oc{oktbi, aoki~t`} ~ì~b e{ktbi mtkìnb }bmokn`nk} ki

wbwbdt` y ab~ou`tbi `l nk}kp{olodtob }bmo`l y tklocob}b)

L` ~tà` nk}`z`tkmoý mbi kl nkmtk~b ]`mtb}ìm~`, nkl 5 nk `dtol nk 0>0;, ki

kl Mbimolob nk Mbi}~ìw`, nbink l` `}àdlk` èotaý l` }{zktobton`n nkl

mbimolob }bdtk ~bn` l` oclk}o`, oiml{onb kl z`z`) @nkaà}, }k nkmonoý mbi kl

nkmtk~b Etkp{ki}, nkl ? nk bm~{dtk nk 0>03, ki kl Mbimolob nk Mbi}~ìw`,

p{k }k f`tài mbimolob} zktoýnomàki~k)

M`~`loi` nk ]oki`, }k nknomý ` l` `tn{` ~`tk` nk llku`t kl z`z`nb nk tkctk}b

` Tba`) Llàý `l z`z` “i{k}~tb n{lmk z`ntk‑, }{ oi~ktukimoýi }otuoý z`t`

p{k kl z`z` Ctkcbtob VO tkctk}`t` ` Tba` kl 03 nk kiktb nk 0=33)

Kl Ctì Mo}a`

e{k ztbn{m~b

nk l`

n{`lon`n z`z`l

ki kl cbdoktib

nk l`

oclk}o` tbaì`



L`} Oin{lckimo`}7

K}~b k}, kl z`z` b~btc`d`, ki uot~{n nk l` `{~bton`n tkmodon` nk Nob}, p{k

m{`lp{okt zkm`nb, zbt a{y ctùk p{k e{kt`, lk} }ktá` zktnbi`nb, y `nkaà}

otáì notkm~àki~k `l Z`t`á}b &0:/

L` Mbi~t`ttkebta`7

E{k l` kaztk}` ~ba`n` zbt }km~btk} nk l` Oclk}o` M`~ýlom` Tbaì`, m{`l

oi~kimoýi kt` l{mf`t mbi~t` l` tkebta` ztb~k}~ì~k y }{} “aìoek}~`mobik}

fktkgk}‑, kllb zbt k}~`t mbi~t` l` nbm~toi` tbaì`8 ~àdoïi, mbip{o}~`t nk

i{kub kl ~kttkib zktnonb, ` ukmk} oiml{}b zbt l`} `ta`}) K}~` kaztk}`

`fbcý kl k}záto~{ y lb} }ocib} nk lb} ~okazb})

Mbi kl Mbimolob nk ^tki~b, kl 0= nk nomokadtk nk 0;>;, kl ~ïtaoib M`~ýlomb

z`}ý ` }kt {i ct{zb z`t~om{l`t nk mto}~oìb} etki~k ` lb} ztb~k}~ì~k} y lb}

bt~bnbvb})



M@ZÁ^[LB OOO

Ï^OM@ AOIO]^KTO@L



[i` mb}` p{k nkdk }kt nk~ktaoiì~k k} p{k kl z`}~bt k}~à ` l` aot` nk lb}

p{k ib ~okiki ~kabt `l ]kðbt8 p{okik} aà} g{wcì ` l`} y lb} z`}~btk} }bi

`p{kllb} p{k k}~ài llkib} nk zkm`nb} y nkekm~b})

L`}~oab}àki~k ki a{mfb} m`}b}, l` eàolo` z`}~bt`l ~okik ikmk}on`n nk

`y{n` k}zkmo`low`n` z`t` {ib nk }{} aokadtb}, k}zkmáeomàki~k nk }{}

fogb}, zbt ztbdlka`} nk tkdklná`, `lmbfblo}ab, ntbc`nommoýi { b~tb) K}`

}o~{`moýi p{k f`mk }{etot ` lb} z`ntk}z`}~btk}, ib k} mbi}km{kimo` nk e`l~`

nk kn{m`moýi k oi}~t{mmoýi ki l` ek8 k} nkmot, ib zbnkab} g{wc`t ` l` eàolo`

z`}~bt`l mbab lb} tk}zbi}`dlk} notkm~b} nk k}`} }o~{`mobik} { b~t`}

z`tkmon`})

@{ip{k ki `lc{i`} bm`}obik}, l` b kl z`}~bt }k no}~t`k ki kl m{on`nb nk }{

oclk}o` nbaï}~om`, k} nkmot }{ ztbzo` eàolo`, zbt `~kinkt k}akt`nàki~k `

l` oclk}o`) ]á, m{on` nk l`} y lb} gýukik} fogb} nk lb} aokadtb} nk l` oclk}o` y

nk}m{on` lb} }{yb}) L`} y lb} fogb} nk lb} z`}~btk} ` aki{nb }k p{kgì nkl

zbmb ~okazb p{k }{ a`ntk b z`ntk, kl p{k k} z`}~bt, lk nknom`) @ ukmk},

`{ip{k m{k}~k `mkz~`tlb k} {i` p{kg` doki e{in`n` ²ib mtkk}2)

P{ktonb z`}~bt, `l eoi`l m{ìnb nk}m{dtoab} p{k i{k}~t` eàolo` k}~à

nouonon`, cblzk`n`, }{eton` y ikmk}o~`n` nk ~ì~`} mb}`}, ib} nàb} m{ki~`

p{k l` oclk}o` k}~à lkgb} nk ib}b~tb} y p{k ki ukw nk `y{n`tib}, k}~à

~otàinbib} zknt`n`}) Mto~omàinbib} k oi~ktztk~ìnb a`l k}k ukt}ám{lb ; nkl

m`zá~{lb = nk 0t`) ` ôab~kb, p{k nomk p{k kl p{k ib }`dk cbdkti`t }{ m`}`

ib z{knk cbdkti`t l` oclk}o`8 }oi kad`tcb, kl }ki~onb lo~kt`l nk k}~k ukt}ám{lb k} p{k kl p{k ib m{on` nk }{ eàolo`, ib z{knk m{on`t nk l` oclk}o`7

Ki b~tb }ki~onb }ocioeom` p{k ib k} ztbzob k}~`t m{onìnb nk b~tb} y nkg`t

nk à`t, oaz{l}`t, ztb~kckt, ìoa`t, y `zby`t ` l` ztbzo` eàolo` p{k

~kikab} ki m`}`)

K} ` i{k}~t` eàolo` ` l` p{k ztoaktb nkdkab} n`t nkl àbt nkl ]kðbt)

K}~` }o~{`moýi lb zbnkab}, nk `lc{i` aìkt`, mbaz`t`t mbi kl



a`~toabiob, nbink zbt `~kinkt ` lb} fogb} ib} bluonàb} nk `dbi`t kl

àbt ` i{k}~t` z`tkg`, y `l eoi`l lb} fogb} mtkmki y }k m`}ì y }k uì nk m`}`

y p{knì }blàki~k lb} k}zb}b}, zktb }o ib }k `dbiý kl àbt, k}` tkl`moýi~okik mbab eoi kl nkmtkmkt zbmb ` zbmb f`}~` abtot)

_b ao}ab fk }{etonb kl el`cklb nk ukt ` ao eàolo` ak~on` ki mbie{}oýi zbt

noektki~k} t`wbik}, y l`} eàolo`} nk ao oclk}o` cbwìnb nk nomf` y eklomon`n8

y p{owà ib }k` k}b kl ztbdlka`, kl p{k l` oclk}o` }k` eklow k} d{kib, kl `}{i~b

k} p{k ` p{okik} yb fk `y{n`nb, ak fì n`nb l` k}z`ln` m{ìnb ikmk}o~`d`

nk }{ `zbyb)

@l aot`t f`mo` `~tà} tkmbibwmb l` aìb nkl ]kðbt, ` ~tùï} nk {ib p{k b~tb

fktaìb b fktaì`, nàinbak e{ktw` y `loki~b, zktb uk` doki }bi {ib p{k

b~tb)

[}~kn y yb n`tkab} m{ki~` `l ]kðbt nk lb p{k fomoab} mbi i{k}~t` eàolo`)

F`y ~k}~oabiob}, kgkazlb fogb} nk z`}~btk} ntbc`nom~b}, fbab}kv{`lk},

l`ntbik}, `lmbfýlomb} y b~tb}, nk nbink }k nkn{mk p{k ib e{ktbi lb}

z`}~btk} lb} m{lz`dlk}, }oib l` aìb }{mo` nkl kikaocb, nkl no`dlb,

oi~ki~ìnb nk}~t{ot ` l` eàolo` z`}~bt`l8 y `nkaà} nk k}` l`dbt }{mo` nkl

no`dlb, ~àdoïi }k lk `ð`nk l` mtá~om` y l` oinoektkimo` nk l` oclk}o` y k}b, nk

uktn`n, f`mk }{etot) @a`nb z`}~bt, fbadtk b a{gkt, }o k}k k} ~{ m`}b,

p{oktb nkmot~k, ki k}~` fbt`, p{k ` Gk}÷} ib }btztkink lb p{k ~k k}~à

z`}ìnb, ïl mbibmk ~{} }{etoaoki~b}, y ~{} nblbtk} y zbintà ki ~o kl

dàl}àb p{k m`la`tà ~{ nblbt)

]oc{k mtkykinb ki kl ]kðbt, zbtp{k ` lb} p{k kl ]kðbt à` y f` llà`nb

~bnb lb p{k lk} }{mknk lk} `y{n` z`t` doki) Ib db~k} kl `t`nb, }oc{k

`nklì~k, kl ]kðbt f` ztbak~onb k}~`t mbi~ocb ná` ` ná`)

Kl p{k nk}k`

}kt z`}~bt

zktb ib m{on`

nk }{ m`}`, ib

zbntà m{on`t

nk l` oclk}o`)



K}b }á, ~k `mbi}kgb p{k ib nkgk} a{mfb ~okazb ` ~{ eàolo` }oi m`toðb, }oi

`zbyb, }oi àbt, }oi mbieoìw`8 zktoýnomàki~k `mïtm`~k ` kllb}, k}zb}` k

fogb}, y f`wlk} }ki~ot p{k }bi, nk}z{ï} nk Nob}, lb aà} oazbt~ì~k p{k ~÷~okik})

L` b kl z`}~bt mbab lánkt &lonktkw`/

Ki `lc{i`} oclk}o`}, mbictkc`mobik} b nkibaoi`mobik} }k lk llà` ` l` b kl

z`}~bt7 LONKT, zbtp{k k} l` zkt}bi` p{k notock, zbt oiuk}~on{t` nk

`{~bton`n k}zkmo`l, `l z{kdlb nk Nob}) &00/8 `{ip{k kl lonkt`~b }k` {i onk`l

a{y ctìnk ztbz{k}~b zbt l` m{l~{t` nk {i z`á}, lb mokt~b k} p{k l` b kl

z`}~bt lánkt nkdk ~kikt {i` mbin{m~` noci` y {i }ktuomob eokl f`mo` `p{kllb}

y `p{kll`} p{k fì }onb `}oci`nb} d`gb }{ m{on`nb)

Kl z`}~bt lánkt nkdk ot `nklì~k, nkdk ab}~t`t kl màoib ` }kc{ot,

oiykm~ìnb {i }o}~ka` nk u`lbtk} ï~omb} y abt`lk}, d`}`nb} ki l` Z`l`dt`

nk Nob}, mbi l` eoi`lon`n nk `lmìw`t l`} ak~`} ztbz{k}~`} zbt kl ]kðbt)

Kl lánkt i`mk y }k f`mk, kllb zbtp{k e{k llà`nb zbt Nob}, nk}nk ì~k} nk

i`mkt, z`t` c{o`t `l tkd`ðb, y z`t` kllb Nob} lk m`z`mo~` ki kl ~tì}m{t}b nkl

~okazb8 k}~b ÷l~oab k} oazbt~ì~k zbtp{k i`nok z{knk n`t nk lb p{k ib

~okik) M`n` z`}~bt&`/ lánkt nkdk ztkz`t`t}k `nkm{`nàki~k z`t` kgktmkt

mbi nocion`n l`} `m~ouon`nk} ` kll` b ïl mbieo`n`})

L` b kl z`}~bt lánkt ib nkdk ztk~kinkt p{k l` mbictkc`moýi lk uk` mbabp{oki k}~à }bdtk lb} nkaà} &Me) 0 Zkntb ;7=/, Gk}÷}, kvztk}` p{k }{ `m~o~{n

ib nkdk }kt mbab lb} cbdkti`nbtk} nkl “a{inb‑ &04/)

Z`dlb, p{oki kt` {i ctì `zý}~bl, `l notocot}k ` lb} eoklk}, i{im` `m~{`d`

nk}zý~omàki~k, }oib p{k ztkektá` tbc`t, ì~k} p{k aìn`t) &0=/ Ib k}

Kl z`}~bt

lánkt nkdk

ot `nklì~k,

nkdk

ab}~t`t kl

màoib `

}kc{ot)))



zktao~on` l` `{~bmt`mo`, nbink p{oki ~ba` ~bnb} lb} zbnktk} ki l` oclk}o`

k} l` b kl z`}~bt)

M{on`nb, Nob} ib} lodtk nk `z`tki~`t }kt aà} p{k ïl !

]k nkdk d{}m`t cì`t}k kl èkm~b nk l` mbictkc`moýi, ` ~tùï} nkl ~t`d`gb

z`}~bt`l) Lb} z`}~btk} nkdki nkg`t ` {i l`nb lb} mfo}ak} y ~bn`} `p{kll`}

ebta`} a{inì`} nk `~t`kt ` l` mbictkc`moýi, p{k ki ukw nk llku`tlk} `

Mto}~b lk} }kz`t` nk ïl)

M{ìnb `lc{oki nkmonk }kt c{o`nb, z{knk eàmolaki~k }kt {i d{ki c{á`8 z`t`

ki}kð`t ` bdknkmkt, ztoaktb }k nkdk bdknkmkt) ]oi kad`tcb, `fbt`

~kikab} a{mfb} aoio}~tb} p{k mtkki }`dktlb ~bnb y p{k ib ikmk}o~ì l`

c{á` nkl bdo}zb, b z`}~bt ztk}onki~k8 kl ztbdlka`, k} p{k ki m{`lp{okt

abaki~b k}~ài oiao}m{onb} ki }o~{`mobik} oi~blkt`dlk} y p{k àkto~ì

no}mozloi`) Tk`laki~k k}~à ztbd`nb p{k p{oki ib bdknkmk, ib z{knk c{o`t)

L` uo}oýi àzlo`, k} ztbzo` nkl d{ki lánkt8 kll` b ïl k}~à no}z{k}~b ` `mkz~`t

l`} mbi~t`tokn`nk} nk `lc{ib} aokadtb} nk }{ mbictkc`moýi, b e{kt` nk

kll`, y }k kimàoi`, z`moki~kaki~k, ` ab}~t`t y ztb}kc{ot kl màoib

mbttkm~b nk `m{ktnb ` l` Z`l`dt` nkl ]kðbt)

]okaztk ki l`} mbictkc`mobik} f`dtài zkt}bi`} p{k ki ukw nk knoeom`t

d{}m`tài nk}~t{ot, zktb m`n` z`}~bt nkdk `ta`t}k mbi l` `ta`n{t` nk Nob}

y zknot nk ïl nk Nob}, }{ c{á` y }`do`} nkmo}obik})

K} ikmk}`tob p{k l`} mbiuommobik} nkl z`}~bt }kì eotak}, m{ìnb }{ c{á`

k} kl ]kðbt, y }okaztk nkdk k}~`t oiao}m{onb&`/ ki l` }o~{`moýi tk`l ki p{k

k}~ài }{} eoklk}, y ` l` l{w nk l` Z`l`dt` n`t l`} tk}z{k}~`} p{k Gk}÷} n`tá`)

Z`t`

ki}kð`t `

bdknkmkt,

ztoaktbnkdkab}

bdknkmkt



L` b kl z`}~bt mbab mbi}kgktb

L` ao}oýi nk }kt {i` b {i mbi}kgktb, l` b kl z`}~bt lb llku` oi~tái}km` ki }{

ao}ab llà`nb) L` `~kimoýi nkdk }kt ` m`n` eàolo` y ` m`n` oinouon{b,

aokadtb nk l` mbictkc`moýi)

Kl `mbi}kg`t }okaztk }ktà {i ztouolkcob) @ ukmk} }k n`tà kl m`}b nk

nk}kazkð`t}k mbab btoki~`nbt ki m`}b} k}zkmo`lk} p{k tkp{oktì nk }{

oi~ktukimoýi zkt}bi`l)

Nkdkab}, mbab z`}~btk} b z`}~bt`}, d{}m`t lb} mbibmoaoki~b} nk l`

Z}omblbcá` Z`}~bt`l, z`t` `y{n`t ` l` }`l{n aki~`l y kabmobi`l nk p{okik}

k}~ài d`gb i{k}~tb m{on`nb) K} oazbt~ì~k tkmbtn`t p{k kl }kt f{aìb k}

mbazlkgb8 l` Dodlo` nomk p{k kl }kt f{aìb k}~à ebta`nb nk k}záto~{, `la` y

m{ktzb &Met) O ^k}) ;74=/, y `}á z`t~okinb nk k}~` uktn`n dádlom`, k}

ikmk}`tob onki~oeom`t p{k m{ìnb m`n` z`t~k }k kiekta` nkdk }kt ~t`~`n`

zbt kl k}zkmo`lo}~`8 k}~àb} ki mba÷i `m{ktnb p{k l` mokimo` `dbtn` ` m`n`

z`t~k zbt }{ nblkimo`, nk k}` aìkt`, }o k} kl m{ktzb kl kiektab, l` mokimo`

ztbzbtmobi` ` lb} ki~kinonb} ki l` aknomoi`8 }o k} ki kl `la`, k} ~`tk` nkl

z}op{o`~t`, z}omýlbcb, b ~kt`zk{~`8 }o k} nkl k}záto~{, k} l` b kl z`}~bt p{oki

nkdk `y{n`t) @}á mbab lb} gýukik} ikmk}o~ì `mbi}kgàoki~b z`}~bt`l,

~àdoïi lb tkp{oktki lb} ioðb} y ioð`}, }oi nk}m{on`t ` lb} `n{l~b})

Ki i{k}~tb ~okazb, mbi kl oiel{gb nk l`} noektki~k} mbttoki~k} eolb}ýeombkvo}~kimo`lk}, y kl nk~ktobtb nkl }o}~ka` nk u`lbtk}, }k f`mk ikmk}`to` l`

btoki~`moýi z`}~bt`l z`t` l`} eàolo`})

Ki `lc{i`} bm`}obik} zbnkab} ~kikt ki i{k}~t`} mbictkc`mobik} m`}b}

“k}zkmo`lk}‑ p{k tkp{oktki `}k}btá` ztbek}obi`l nk l` Z}omblbcá` b

Z}op{oà~tom` y nkdkab} ztbubm`t k}` `}k}btá`, }o ib }bab} k}zkmo`lo}~`}8

Nkdkab}

d{}m`t lb}

mbibmoaoki~b}

nk l`

Z}omblbcá`

Z`}~bt`l, z`t`

`y{n`t ` l`

}`l{n aki~`l

y kabmobi`l

nk p{okik}

k}~ài d`gb

i{k}~tb

m{on`nb



ib nkdkab} f`mkt m`}b bao}b nk zkt}bi`} mbi z`~blbcá`} b kiektakn`nk}

b oi`n`z~`mobik} aki~`lk}) Nkdkab} `}{aot p{k l`} mokimo`} }bi

klkaki~b} ` i{k}~tb `lmìmk p{k ib} z{knki `y{n`t ` f`mkt p{k kl ~t`d`gbz`}~bt`l }k` aà} kekm~oub y nk `m{ktnb `l zlì nk Nob})

@l k}~`t etki~k ` {i` zkt}bi` p{k tkp{oktk mbi}kgktá` nkdkab} `}kc{t`tib}

p{ï ~ozb nk mbielom~b ~okik, }o k} eá}om`, aki~`l b k}zoto~{`l) Nkdkab}

`}{aot p{k f`y bm`}obik} ki p{k l` zkt}bi` p{k f` ukionb ` zknot mbi}kgb,

}{ a`ybt ztbdlka` ib k} nk btnki k}zoto~{`l, }oib z}omblýcomb, y p{k

aoki~t`} ib }k `dbtnk y ~t`~k k}` z`t~k, ib }k lbct`tà {i` d{ki` mba{ioýi

mbi Nob})

Z`t` ol{}~t`t lb ì~ktobt, uby ` akimobi`t kl m`}b nk {i z`}~bt, kl p{k yb

mbibmá nk mktm`, kt` {i fbadtk nk}mkinoki~k nk d{ki` eàolo`, a{y doki

ztkz`t`nb `m`nïaomàki~k, mbi {i ~k}~oabiob e`d{lb}b p{k `~t`á` ` l`

cki~k, zktb p{k {i ná` ztk}ki~ý }{ tki{imo` `l z`}~bt`nb `lkcìnb p{k kt`

oinocib nk }ktuot `l ]kðbt, z{k} ib }k mbi}onkt`d` {i d{ki ~k}~oabiob8 y

mbi `m~o~{n nk uktcükiw`, mbiek}ý p{k ~kiá` a{mfb} `ðb} zt`m~omìnb l`

a`}~{td`moýi) Eoi`laki~k nkgý kl aoio}~ktob z`}~bt`l8 ` zk}`t p{k kl

}{zktuo}bt lk nogkt` p{k kt` uo}~b mbab {i d{ki kgkazlb nk ki~tkc` `l

]kðbt y p{k k}b }k zbntá` tk}blukt)

Kl ì~ktobt ib k} {i m`}b nk kiuo`t `l mìnon`~b ` tk`low`t {i l`tcb `y{ib, b

` bt`t aà}8 ib, k}~àb} ì~k {i ztbdlka` z}omblýcomb p{k nkdk }kt

~t`~`nb zbt {i k}zkmo`lo}~`, p{k lb onk`l k} p{k kl mbi}kgktb z`}~bt }k` klk}zkmo`lo}~`) P{kton`} y p{ktonb}, ib ztk~kinàb} ~kikt ~bn` l` uktn`n ki

i{k}~t`} aìb}, }oi `mkz~`t p{k ` ukmk} ib }bab}, io ~kikab} lb} tkm{t}b}

z`t` `dbtn`t kl ztbdlka`8 k} d{kib y nk}k`dlk p{k l` b kl mbi}kgktb `y{nk

`l `mbi}kg`nb ` {dom`t kl ztbdlka`, }{ t`áw y d{}m`t l`} `mmobik} nk l`

}bl{moýi)



Eoi`laki~k, l` b kl z`}~bt mbi}kgktb, ~okik l` tk}zbi}`dolon`n nk ztbykm~`t

{i` oa`cki zb}o~ou` p{k lk zktao~` }kt d{ki mbi}kgktb&`/)



M@ZÁ^[LB OU

]O^[@MOÝI @M^[@LNKL Z@]^BT@NB



OU) ]O^[@MOÝI @M^[@L NKL Z@]^BT@ NB

Ki~oïin`}k mbab z`}~bt`nb l` e{imoýi nk `m~{`t mbab z`}~bt8 m`n`

fbadtk b a{gkt p{k f` }ki~onb kl llà`nb y }k f` ztkz`t`nb z`t` tk`low`t

l` e{imoýi nk }kt {i aoio}~tb&`/, mbi `{~bton`n nklkc`n`, nkdk llku`t

nki~tb nk }á l` tk}zbi}`dolon`n nk }kt nocib ki f`mkt l` ubl{i~`n nk Nob}

ki }{ z{kdlb b ctky à`n`)

Ki lb} ~okazb} p{k k}~àb} uouokinb, l`} }bmokn`nk} tkmlàìaoio}~tb}&`}/ p{k }k nknop{ki ` f`mkt ztk}ki~k kl àbt nk Nob}, p{k ib }k

mbazbt~ki mbab lb} z`}~btk} p{k “}k nknomì ` m{on`t}k ` }á ao}ab}, p{k

}k `ztbukmfì nk lb} dokik} nk l` mbictkc`moýi y lb} f{t~ì, ib uklì zbt

l`} bukg`} nïdolk}, io m{tì ` l`} kiekta`}, io f`mki ublukt ` l`}

kv~tùo`n`}, io d{}mì ` l`} p{k }k kv~tùáì, }oib p{k, `l mbi~t`tob, l`}

~t`~ì mbi n{tkw` y mt{kln`n)‑&0>/ Kl ]kðbt k}~à d{}mìnb p{oïik} }otuì y

`~okinì ` }{ z{kdlb mbi {i loazob y z{tb mbt`wýi, mbab kl ao}abmbt`wýi nk Nob})

Lb p{k }ocioeom` }kt z`}~bt&`/ ki k}~b} ~okazb}

Kl ]kðbt Gk}÷}, llkcìnb ztbe{inàki~k `l mbt`wýi nkl }kt f{aìb nogb7

“Nbink k}~ï ~{ ~k}btb, `fá k}~`tà ~{ mbt`wýi‑ L` ztkc{i~` f`mo` m`n`

z`}~bt` b z`}~bt k} notkm~` zbt z`t~k nkl n{kðb nk l` aok}8 kl ]kðbt ~k nomk7

²nýink k}~à ~{ mbt`wýi2, ²m{àl k} ~{ ~k}btb2)

Kl z`}~bt`nb, ki l` `m~{`lon`n, nkzkinokinb nk m{àl }k` kl ~k}btb nk l`

}oktu` b }oktub, ki a{mfb} m`}b} ztbn{mk7

․ Cììmo`} kmbiýaom`}

M`n` z`}~bt

nkdk d{}m`t

f`mkt l`

ubl{i~`n nk

Nob} ki l`

ctky

`}oci`n`



Kl m`zá~{lb => nkl lodtb nk Kwkp{okl, kvztk}` kl kibgb nk Nob} zbt l` `m~o~{n

nk `lc{i`}&b}/ z`}~btk}, p{k ki ukw nk tk`low`t l` ~`tk` p{k }k lk f`

kimbakin`nb, }k nknom` ` bd~kikt cììmo`} noukt}`}) Kl ~kv~b f`dl` nkp{okik} }k mbaki ` l`} bukg`}, y }{} zkt~kikimo`})

L` Dodlo` nkml`t` p{k mbab aokadtb} nk l` oclk}o` { bdt` nk Nob},

nkdkab} mbbzkt`t z`t` p{k kl Kuìcklob }k` ztknom`nb ` ~bnb} lb}

fbadtk} y a{gktk} nkl a{inb8 nomf` mbl`dbt`moýi nkdk aìoek}~`t}k ki lb

kmbiýaomb, mbi }{ ~okazb y ~`lki~b8 zktb f`y z`}~btk}, p{k }k nknomì `

kie`~ow`t mbab `lcb ztoa`tob y ztobto~`tob kl p{k l` cki~k ki~tkc{k }{}

nokwab} , betkin`}, ztbak}`}, ztoaomo`} y b~t`} ebta`}, mtk`n`} zbt kll`} y

kllb}, mbi l` eoi`lon`n nk ~ba`tl`} z`t` }á, mbab {i oictk}b zkt}bi`l y

eàolo`t)

Ib nkdkab} ztk~kinkt k}~`t mbi i{k}~tb} bgb} ukin`nb}, m{ìnb }`dkab}

p{k kvo}~ki aktmki`tob} p{k }k nknomì ̀ }`p{k`t lb} tkm{t}b} kmbiýaomb}

y a`~kto`lk} nk aokadtb} nk oclk}o`}, nbink ï}~b}, mbi d{ki` ek }k

nk}zbgì nk lb }{yb z`t` mbl`dbt`t mbi l` bdt` nkl ]kðbt, }oi zktm`~`t}k

p{k lb p{k k}~ài f`mokinb k} mbazl`mokinb kl m`ztomfb y ù`tomo` nk k}`} y

k}b} ~oa`nbtk} y f{t~`nbtk})

Kl f{t~b, l` Dodlo` kvztk}`, k} ki~tkc`t i{k}~tb} dokik} ` lb} l`ntbik}, }oi

p{k ïll`} b ïllb} ib} ztk}obiki b a`l~t`~ki7 eá}om` b z}omblýcomàki~k) K}b

k}~à }{mknokinb ki a{mfb} m`}b}, y p{k nk uktn`n }bi a{mfb} , nbink

lb} eoklk}, ki~tkcì lb }{yb ` k}`}&b}/ z`}~btk} oik}mt{z{lb}b} p{k }k uo}~kink bukg`}, }okinb lbdb}, `lmìwìnb y p{o~ìnb, lb p{k, `lc{i`} ukmk}, k} lb

÷iomb p{k ~okiki z`t` }{ `loaki~`moýi b mtkmoaoki~b eá}omb b ztbek}obi`l nk

}{} ztbzo`} eàolo`})

Kl btocki nk

~bnb} lb}

a`lk} y

zkm`nb} k}

à`t kl

noiktb



Tkm{ktnb `p{kll` ìïmnb~` nbink }k k}~`d` llkuìnb ` m`db {i }ktuomob

tklocob}b, nbink lb} z`t~omozì~k} ktì z`}~btk} y z`}~bt`}, y kl aoio}~tb

p{k kt` kl mklkdtì~k ztoimoz`l kvfbt~ý nomokinb7

Fktaì`} y fktaìb}, Nob} ~k oiuo~` fby ` f`mkt z`m~b} mbi ïl,

nkdkab}, ki k}~k abaki~b, nkzb}o~`t l` betkin` aà} ckiktb}` p{k

gàà} mbab z`}~bt` b z`}~bt fkab} nkzb}o~`nb, mtïklk ` Nob} y nkzb}o~`

i b d o ll k~ k } n k d` g b u` l bt !, }oib nk lb akgbt p{k }k ~k f` n`nb ki ~{

aoio}~ktob, y i{k}~tb Nob}, mbi }{ oieoio~b zbnkt ~k u` ` dkinkmot f`}~`

p{k }bdtk`d{ink, nàinb~k ib kl moki~b zbt {ib, }oib kl aol zbt {ib)))

A{mfb} nk l` mbim{ttkimo` `mkz~`tbi kl nk}èáb fkmfb ` Nob}, ` ~tùï} nk l`

z`l`dt` nk `p{kl z`}~bt, y mbakiw`tbi ` llki`t}k l`} mì`}~`}, mbi

dollk~k} nk ctìn k u`lbt!8 kl ao}ab aoio}~tb, mbiubmý ` ~bn`} y ~bnb} `

f`mkt {i` e{kt~k bt`moýi y }blomo~{n z`t` p{k Nob} m{azlokt` mbi lb

kvztk}`nb zbt ïl)

Llkc`nb kl abaki~b nk bt`t zbt l` betkin` y` tkmbcon`, kl aoio}~tb p{k

notocá` nogb7

Fktaìb} y fktaì`} uàb} ̀ bt`t `l ]kðbt zbt l`} betkin`}, zktb lb

f`tkab} mbi lb} bgb} mbazlk~àki~k mktt`nb}‥

M`}o ~bnb} lb} ztk}ki~k} e{ktbi a{y bdknoki~k} y mktt`tbi }{} bgb}, zktb

{i z`}~bt ib lb} mkttý, y aoki~t`} kl z`}~bt notocki~k kazkw`d` ` bt`t, nkoc{`l aìkt` ak~oý }{} aìb} ` l`} mì`}~`} k od` kmfìnb ` l` dbl}` nk }{

zì~`lýi a{mfb} dollk~k} nk ctìnk ibaoi`moýi, mtkykinb p{k ~bn`} y

~bnb} lb} `}o}~ki~k} ~kiáì mktt`nb} }{} bgb} y ki ztbe{in` oiubm`moýi,

zktb kl p{k ~kiá` }{} bgb} }kao`dokt~b} kazkwý ` cto~`t7

Kl z`}~bt }k k}~à tbdìnb i{k}~t` betkin`!



_ `{~baà~omàki~k, l` mbictkc`moýi `dtoý }{} bgb} y mbi}~`~ý lb nkl cto~b)

L` ztkc{i~` k}7 ²kl z`}~bt p{k uob p{k }k k}~`dì tbdìnb l` betkin` `m`}b

ib f`má` ïl lb ao}ab y zbt k}b ib mkttý }{} bgb}2

@lc{i`} ukmk} g{wcàb} ` b~t`} zkt}bi`}, zbtp{k p{owà ~àdoïi e{oab}

`{~btk} nk k}`} ao}a`} }o~{`mobik}, }blàki~k p{k ki b~tb} k}z`mob} y

~okazb})

[i `n`cob zbz{l`t nomk7

“Kl p{ k l` } { }` } k l ` } oa `c o i `‑

_ l` Z`l`dt` nk Nob} aìoeok}~`7

“^÷ p{ k g{wc `}‥‑ T ba ) 470

Zktb, ` zk}`t nk kllb, `lc{oki nkdk }kt l` ubw nk `l`ta`, z`t` p{k

`ztkinàb} ` mbttkcot i{k}~t`} ztbzo`} ìbta`lk} zb}omobik} z`}~bt`lk} b

lbct`t p{k, ~àdoïi }kì mbttkcon`} l`} nk b~t`} zkt}bi`})

Ki i{k}~tb ~okazb kl àbt `l noiktb }k f` mbiukt~onb ki kl a`l nk a{mf`}

mbictkc`mobik}, y` lb nomk l` k}mto~{t` “zbtp{k kl àbt `l noiktb k} t`áw nk

~bnb} lb} a`lk}‑) &0;/

K} mba÷i ukt ki a{mf`} mbictkc`mobik} p{k l` b kl z`}~bt p{oktk aìkg`t

kl noiktb }oi ~kikt ` }{ l`nb ` `lc{oki p{k eo}m`lomk lb} oictk}b} y kctk}b}8

fk k}m{mf`nb ` aà} nk {i z`}~bt p{k f` kvztk}`nb lb }oc{oki~k7 ² P{ï

z`}`, k} p{k ib mbieáì ki aá, mtkki p{k }by l`ntýi !2)



@lc{i`} b `lc{ib} z`}~btk} oiuki~ì {i` y b~t` ebta` nk bd~kikt noiktb `

mb}~` nk l` mbictkc`moýi, y p{k ï}~` }k n` m{ki~` p{k kl oi~ktï} ztoaktb nk

}{ z`}~bt` b z`}~bt k} llki`t }{} dbl}ollb} nk noiktb)

K}~àb} mì}`nb} nk ukt mýab, aoki~t`} p{k a{mf` cki~k }k ztou` nk

mbazt`t mb}`}, ` ukmk} ikmk}`to`}, zbt `y{n`t ` “l` bdt` nk Nob}‑, l` b kl

z`}~bt }k mbin{mk ki ukfám{lb} }{i~{b}b} y nk l{gb, p{k i`n` ~okiki p{k

ukt mbi kl nk}`ttbllb nk }{ aoio}~ktob, }oib mbi kl zl`mkt nk }ki~ot}k

z k p { k ð ` b z k p { k ð b t o m b b d { t c { ï } ) ôkiki m`}`} cocì~k} y l{gb}`},

mbaztì `t~ám{lb} nbaï}~omb}, klkm~tbnbaï}~omb} b nk b~t` áinblk,

oiikmk}`tob}, b ki eoi noektki~k} `np{o}omobik} p{k bekinki l` }o~{`moýi

ztkm`to` y ao}kt`dlk ki p{k }k nk}`ttbllì b~tb} aokadtb} nk l`

mbictkc`moýi b nkl m{ktzb z`}~bt`l)

F`y nk lb} z`}~btk} p{k f`mki }{ ~t`d`gb y b~t`} `m~ouon`nk} mbi l`

eoi`lon`n nk bd~kikt cììmo`} kmbiýaom`}8 ` k}~k ~ozb nk z`}~bt }k lk

llà` aktmki`tob, z{k} }{ oi~ktï} k} l` top{kw` kmbiýaom`)

․ @l~b K}~`nb nk Uon` &@ l~b }~`~{} p{b/

@lc{i`} zkt}bi`} oictk}`tbi `l m{ktzb z`}~bt`l zbtp{k kl “aoio}~ktob‑,

&ki~oïin`}k }ýlb mbab ztbek}oýi/, lk} ~t`k `l~b tkmbibmoaoki~b }bmo`l,

k}~oa` k}akt`n` nk eoklk} y zbnktk} zblá~omb} y kmbiýaomb} &top{kw`}

nk}aknon`}, ` ukmk} a`l f`don`}/) Zbt b~tb l`nb, }{ “eoc{t` tklocob}`‑ lk}

ztbn{mk }ki~ot zl`mkt mbab lánktk}, m{`l lonkt`wcb ib e{k io }ktà et{m~áektb

ki b~tb àado~b, zbtp{k }oazlkaki~k ib lb `lmìw`tbi zbt oim`z`mon`n

zkt}bi`l)



Tkmbtnkab} ~àdoïi p{k }kt z`}~bt k} l` tk}z{k}~` ` {i llà`nb nk Nob} `

mokt~`} zkt}bi`}8 ib ~bnb} fì }onb llà`nb} z`t` }kt z`}~btk}) ]kt z`}~bt

k} {i nbi k}zkmo`l b {i llà`nb k}zkmo`l, p{k tkp{oktk nk tk}z{k}~` y ki~tkc` k}zkmo`l)

^kikab} z`}~btk} p{k }k mbazbt~ì aà} mbab `naoio}~t`nbtk}, ib nk l`

ct`mo` nkl ]kðbt, }oib nk dokik} a`~kto`lk})

․ Zl`mktk} }kv{`lk}

L`} ib~omo`}, zbt kl aknob p{k }k`, ib} oiebtaì p{k u`tob} aoio}~tb},

k}zkmo`laki~k fbadtk}, nì }{} }ktuomob} z`}~bt`lk} ` màdob nk

}`~o}e`mmobik} }kv{`lk})

Kimbi~tàb} y }`dkab} nk p{okik} `mb}ì y `d{}ì }kv{`laki~k ` ioð`} y

ioðb}, k oiml{}b f`}~` mbi}{a`t {i` uobl`moýi8 `mb}ì èkm~ou`, z}omblýcom`

y }kv{`laki~k ` }{} kazlk`n`} y kazlk`nb}, y b~tb} p{k kad`t`wì `

a{gktk} nk }{ ztbzo` b nk b~t` mbictkc`moýi b nkibaoi`moýi, ` l`} p{k, ki

bm`}obik} lk} f`mki `dbt~`t z`t` bm{l~`t }{ ztbzob zkm`nb, nkgìnb {i

nblbt oadbtt`dlk y el`cklì~k ki l` aki~k y mbimokimo` nk }{} uám~oa`})

M`n` ná` lb} ib~omoktb} ib} ki~to}~kmki oiebtaàinbib} }bdtk aà} m`}b} nk

z`}~btk} uobl`nbtk} b `d{}`nbtk} }kv{`laki~k)

Ki eoi, kl zìbtà` nk }`~o}e`mmoýi }kv{`l, ki `lc{i`} y `lc{ib} “z`}~btk}‑

}k n` nk a÷l~ozlk} mblbtk} y k}~olb}, ` mbab {}~kn p{okt`, y ki bm`}obik} nk

u`to`nb} }`dbtk})

Ki l` `m~{`lon`n kvo}~ki oclk}o`} “mto}~oì`}‑ p{k fì nkmononb tk`low`t l`

mklkdt`moýi nk a`~toabiob} ki~tk fbab}kv{`lk} &ki~tk c`y‟}/) K} oimtkádlk

mýab }k aìoz{l`} l`} K}mto~{t`} nouoi`}, y }k nkn{mk `{~btow`moýi, }kc÷i

}{ ztbzo` fktakiï{~om` nk nomfb} a`~toabiob}) F`y mba{iobik}



mto}~oì`} p{k }k k}~ài nouonokinb zbt k}~` m`{}`, z`t~om{l`taki~k l`

Mba{ioýi @iclomì`)

Ki kl ztoimozob nkl }oclb VVO, l` kvïck}o}, p{k `lc{ib} k}zkmo`lo}~`}, k}~ài

f`mokinb nk l` Dodlo`, k} p{k ki i{k}~tb ~okazb, y ~bnb} lb} ~okazb} Nob}

f` à`nb ` lb} p{k ïl f` mtk`nb, y lk} mbieoktk kl zbnkt }kt eklomk}8 ib

oazbt~` }{ ztkektkimo` }kv{`l) Z`t` k}b} “k}zkmo`lo}~`} nk l` Dodlo`‑, Nob}

`{~btow` p{k lb} fbadtk} mbi oimloi`mobik} }kv{`lk} a`}m{loi`} z{knì

mbi~t`kt a`~toabiob mbi zkt}bi`} nk }{ ao}ab }kvb)

@ ukmk} kvo}~k ki~tk `lc{i`} zkt}bi`} kl a`lk}~`t nk ib ki~kinkt ` p{okik}

ki~okinki l` Z`l`dt` ~kv~{`laki~k8 y mbi k}` zb}omoýi }k `ztbukmfì ki

nkekinkt }{} zb}omobik} }kv{`lk} e{kt` nk btnki i`~{t`l y nouoi`)

@nbz~kab} i{k}~t` ztbzo` zb}omoýi dádlom` y ~kblýcom` }bdtk kl a`~toabiob

nk fbab}kv{`lk}8 }oi kad`tcb, ao oi~ktztk~`moýi nk l` Dodlo` nomk, ki kl

lodtb nk Cïik}o} 07 43, p{k u`týi y a{gkt lb} mtký Nob})

․ Zbnktáb nk}a knonb y nk}zý~omb

Ki l` ioðkw, `l }kt f{aìb }k lk `nok}~t` z`t` }kt kl `n{l~b p{k m{azlotà b

tk`low`tà noektki~k} l`dbtk}) @lc{i`} ukmk}, l` kn{m`moýi y"b ebta`moýi k}

~ì ~btmon` b `}bmo`l p{k lb} nkekm~b} k oimloi`mobik} nkekm~{b}`} ki l`

mbin{m~` uì mbi l`} zkt}bi`} f`}~` l` a{kt~k, y ib k} l` kvmkzmoýi, p{k

k}`} ìbta`lon`nk} `z`tkwmì ki {i` b {i aoio}~tb nkl ]kðbt) Lb}

z`}~btk} ki `lc{ib} m`}b} fì `tt`}~t`nb mbi}ocb `p{kllb} nkekm~b},

nkdolon`nk}, b zkm`nb} p{k i`moktbi ki l` oieìmo`)

]o l` ioð` b kl ioðb e{k }bdtkztb~kconb, b ki kl zkbt nk lb} m`}b} e{k

ocibt`nb, l` mbin{m~` nk k}k `n{l~b }ktà nk d{}m`t }bluki~`t {i` m`tkimo`

èkm~ou`, p{k `lc{i`} ukmk} }k mbiuokt~k ki nk}ztkmob f`mo` l`} nkaà}



L` Ubm`moýi mbiekton` zbt Nob}

Kl }ktuot `l ]kðbt, ` ~tùï} nkl z`}~bt`nb, k} {i nbi p{k }k n` ` p{okik} ïlp{oktk, y p{k lb} mìnon`~b} lb nk}kì y d{}mì mbi }oimktb mbt`wýi8

}ocioeom`, mbbzkt`t z`t` p{k kl z{kdlb `}oci`nb ` kll` b ïl, mtkwmì ki }{}

k}záto~{}, ki }{} `la`} y ki }{} m{ktzb}8 k} lbct`t p{k `}á mbab }k d{}m`

ztb}zktki ki }{} ̀ la`}, ~àdoïi }kì ztb}zkt`nb} ki ~bnb) &05/

Kl }ktuot mbab z`}~bt` b z`}~bt k} {i llà`nb k}zkmo`l nk Nob} f`mo`

p{okik} ïl p{oktk) Nob} n` }{} nbik}, zbnkt, y m`z`mon`n mbi aot`} `

llku`tlb ` l` mo{n`n p{k aì` lkmfk y aokl, nomfb nk b~t` ebta`, `l

kim{ki~tb nk l` uktn`n p{k k} Mto}~b Gk}÷}, y `l Z`ntk, ` ~tùï} nkl

K}záto~{ ]ì~b)

Ib nkdkab} bluon`t p{k ì~k} nk z`t~omoz`t nk l` tk}{ttkmmoýi, nkdkab}

mbaz`t~ot l` z`}oýi y l` a{kt~k) Nomk l` K}mto~{t` p{k }blàki~k m{ìnb kl

ctìb a{ktk, ztbn{mk et{~b) Ib nkdkab} kv~t`ð`tib} p{k Nob} m`n` ná`

ib} ablnkk, y ib} p{o~k lb à}zktb nk ib}b~tb}) ]okaztk ~kicb ki ao aki~k

k}` z`l`dt` nk Gktkaá`} 067 = y > nbink kl ]kðbt f`dl` ztbe{inàki~k ` l`

uon` nk lb} z`}~btk})

F`y abaki~b} ki kl nk}`ttbllb nkl z`}~bt`nb p{k z`tkmokt` p{k ib}

kp{oubmàb} nk l`dbt8 k} ~ì noeámol kl ~t`d`gb mbi l` cki~k nk i{k}~t`

mbictkc`moýi p{k }ki~oab} p{k k} ~okazb nk nkg`tl` y nknom`tib} ` b~t`

`m~ouon`n p{k ib llkuk mbi}ocb kl fkmfb nk z`}~btk`t, ²f`} uouonb k}k~okazb p{ktonb z`}~bt28 }ï p{k ~ì~b ki i{k}~t` uon` zkt}bi`l mbab

mbictkc`mobi`l, Nob} n` kv`m~àki~k l` z`l`dt` nk Gktkaá`} 067 = y >,

nbink kl `le`tktb k}~à f`mokinb l` u`}og`, zktb }k tbazoý ki }{} aìb} y l`

f`mk nk i{kub, }okaztk ki }{} aìb}, }kc÷i akgbt lk z`tkmk) @ ukmk}

p{ktkab} p{k l`} mb}`} }kì mbab ib}b~tb} nk}kàb}, zktb Nob} l`}

p{oktk nk b~t` aìkt`)



Ib }ï }o ~÷ f`} ~kionb kl ~okazb b l` bzbt~{ion`n nk ukt kl ztbmk}b nk

e`dtom`moýi nk {i` u`}og` nk d`ttb, k} ~ì fktab}` l` mbaz`t`moýi p{kf`mk kl ]kðbt, p{k zbnkab} onki~oeom`tib} mbi k}k ztbmk}b)

@i~k} p{k kl `le`tktb kazokmk ` f`mkt l` zokw` nk d`ttb, d{}m` ki~tk ~ì~`

~oktt`, kl akgbt d`ttb y lb tkmbck8 kl `le`tktb ib zonk ` i`nok p{k lb d{}p{k

y ~bak, }oib p{k ïl ao}ab lb ~ba` ki }{} aìb} y lb mbi~kazl` mbab kl

akgbt d`ttb z`t` f`mkt }{ d{ki` u`}og`8 kl `le`tktb lb ~ba` ki }{} aìb} y

kazokw` ` p{o~`t nkl d`ttb lb} ~kttbik} b l`} zoknt`} p{k ib lk uì ` }ktuot

z`t` p{k }{ e{~{t` u`}og` ~bak l` e{ktw` y l` eoc{t` zktekm~` y nk}k`dlk `

~bn` mto`~{t`8 ib~k, p{k kl `le`tktb k}~à k}ebtwàinb}k zbt ~kikt ki }{}

aìb} kl d`ttb loazob nk zoknt`} z`t` p{k `l abaki~b nkl m`lbt y nkl

e{kcb ib }k tbaz`)

K} p{k kl `le`tktb f` kimbi~t`nb kl akgbt d`ttb, y nk}z{ï} nk f`dktlk

}`m`nb l`} zoknt`}, lb akwml`nb mbi kl `c{`, p{k k} kl klkaki~b p{k aà}

kvo}~k ki l` ~oktt`, y p{k {ik, p{k mbfk}obi` lb nk}{ionb, }á, k}k akgbt

d`ttb }k mbiuokt~k ki {i` ~oktt` etàcol, l` p{k mbi nbmolon`n k} ablnk`dlk8

k}b zbtp{k kl `le`tktb l` akwmlý mbi lb k}kimo`l) Nk}z{ï}, kl d`ttb, k}

mblbm`nb ki l` t{kn`, nbink kl `le`tktb lk n`tà l` ebta` onk`l8 y ki k}k

ztbmk}b, }k lk kim{ki~tì `÷i zoknto~`} p{k zb}~ktobtaki~k tbazktài l`

u`}og` y lk f`tài oi}ktuodlk, k} zbt k}b p{k kl `le`tktb }k kim`tc` nk

onki~oeom`t k}`} zoknt`} y }k nknom` ` loa`tl`}, ` }`m`tl`} nkl d`ttb zbtp{k

zbntài kmf`tl` ` zktnkt m{ìnb }k` }bak~on` `l e{kcb, ` l` ztk}oýi y `lztbe{inb m`lbt)

K} ki kl e{kcb nbink k} ztbd`nb kl btb, `fá mbi lb e{kt~k nkl m`lbt y zbnkt,

zbntà dtoll`t ki ztbe{inon`n y nkeoiot }{ u`lbt)



L`} zoknt`}, ki kl ztbmk}b nk kl`dbt`moýi nk l` u`}og`, }bi }o~{`mobik} p{k

ib} ztbn{mki nblbt, y p{k ib ib} nkgì }kt {i` u`}og` zktekm~`8 }bi lb}

nkekm~b}, lb} kttbtk}, l`} oazktekmmobik}, l`} mbi~t`tokn`nk}, lb} `~`p{k} nkzkt}bi`} mbi~t` ib}b~tb}, l`} oieonklon`nk}, l`} nk}lk`l~`nk}, y b~t`}

}o~{`mobik} p{k ib} ztbn{mki ~to}~kw` y ìc{}~o`8 }bi ~bn`} k}`} mb}`} p{k

ki a{mfb} abaki~b} }ki~oab} p{k ib u`lk l` zki` }kc{ot ~t`d`gìnb ki l`

oclk}o`, ki l` mbictkc`moýi8 abaki~b} ki p{k }ki~oab} p{k Nob} }k f`

bluon`nb nk ib}b~tb}, p{k Nob} ib} f` `dìnbi`nb, y p{k i`nok ib} `zby`)

K} `fá nbink l` u`}og` }k tbazk, zktb k} ki l`} aìb} nkl `le`tktb8 m{ìnb

}ki~oab} }blkn`n k oict`~o~{n, kl ]kðbt ott{azk y ib} nomk7 ib ~ka`} io

nk}a`yk} zbtp{k yb k}~by mbi~ocb nbink k}~ï}8 k}e{ïtw`~k y }ï u`loki~k, ib

~ka`}))

@ct`nkwmb zkt}bi`laki~k ` `p{kllb} p{k fì mtk`nb ztkmob}`} `l`dìw`},

mbab l` nk Nìiy Dkttáb}, l` p{k nomk7 ak no}~k àbt m{ìnb i`nok ak

p{o}b à`t 8 yb fk z`}`nb abaki~b} nbink fk }ki~onb kl nk}ztkmob nk l`

cki~k ` l` p{k fk à`nb, fk }onb uám~oa` nk l` oieonklon`n, ki a{mf`}

ebta`}) Ki eoi fktaì` y fktaìb z`}~bt, tkm{ktn` p{k kl `le`tktb f`mk l`

u`}og` i{ku` mbab akgbt lk z`tkmk8 i{k}~tb `le`tktb k} Gk}÷}, y ib}b~tb}

}bab} kl d`ttb8 }blàki~k nïg`~k ablnk`t zbt kl ]kðbt y ~k mbiukt~otà} ki

{i` ztkmob}` y ÷~ol u`}og`)

M`n` ná` kl ]kðbt }`lk ` d{}m`t bdtktb} p{k p{oktì ~t`d`g`t mbi ïl8 k}~à

d{}mìnb a{gktk} y fbadtk} p{k u`yì y no}kaoiki }{ ctìnk àbt ki~bnb} lb} mbt`wbik} n{tb} y l`}~oa`nb} p{k }k kim{ki~tki ki kl màoib)

P{k ctìnk y e{kt~k z`t` kl mbt`wýi f{aìb k} `p{kl `n`cob mfoib p{k

tkw`7 “L ` } z o k n t ` } p { k k i m { k i ~ t k } z b t k l m ` a o i b , } o i b z { k n k }

m ` t c ` t l` } m ba b f k t a ` i ` } , ` l a k i b } n ï g` l ` } ` ~ tà } m ba b

` a oc ` } ‑

Kltk}zbinkt

` Nob} mbab

z`}~bt k}

{i llà`nb

k}zkmo`l nk

Nob} `

}ktuot



Kl a{inb y l` a`ybtá` nk }{} f`do~ì~k}, ikmk}o~ì nk zkt}bi`} p{k lk}

llkuki kl aki}`gk mbi}bl`nbt, tk}~`{t`nbt y }`lu`nbt8 p{k lk} lkuì~k nk }{ztkm`to` }o~{`moýi f{aì`, f`mo` l` lodkt~`n nk lb} fogb} nk Nob})

L`} cki~k} k}~ài mì}`n`} nk ~ì~b}, `lc{i`} ukmk}, dbio~b} no}m{t}b}, p{k

ckikt`laki~k }k p{knì ki k}b7 DBIO^B] NO]M[T]B]) @mmobi` y

ztbn{mk et{~b} nk mbiukt}oýi ki kl mbt`wýi nk lb} byki~k}, ztknom` mbi

zbnkt)

Nomk `p{kl foaib, y p{k u`to`} ukmk} fkab} mì~`nb7 Nob} k} ~à

d { } m` i n b b d t k t b } , & y b d t k t ` } / , p { k p { o k t ` i o t mb i ï l‥

Ib ~k `}{}~k}, }o f`} }ki~onb kl llà`nb ` ki~tkc`t~k `l ]kðbt ` ~tùï} nkl

z`}~bt`nb, d÷}m`lb y mbttk}zýinklk8 ]á, ot mbi kl ]kðbt ` tk}m`~`t lb p{k }k

f` zktnonb, b lb p{k k}~à zbt zktnkt}k) ]blàki~k e`l~` i{k}~t` tk}z{k}~`

}oimkt` y nkmonon`, y kl ]kðbt ib} n`tà kl oaz{l}b ikmk}`tob z`t` }kt

uktn`nkt`} b uktn`nktb} z`}~btk})

L` nkmo}oýi k} ~{y` y aá`!



M@ZÁ^[LB U

² L@ OCLK]O@ NK

MTO]^B MÝABKIETKI^@ LB] @D[]B]

Z@]^BT@LK] 2



U) ² L@ OCLK]O@ N K MTO]^B MÝAB KIET KI^@ K]^B]

@D[]B] Z@]^BT@LK] 2

L` Oclk}o` nk Mto}~b

@i~k l` ztbi{imo`moýi ztbloektì~k nkl ubm`dlb oclk}o`, k} oazbt~ì~k

`ml`t`t lb tkl`mobi`nb mbi “l` Oclk}o` nk Mto}~b‑8 zbtp{k ki i{k}~tb ~okazb

}k fì lkuì~`nb oi}~o~{mobik} p{k }k `{~bnkibaoiì oclk}o`, zktb p{k lb

p{k akib} ki}kðì k} lb p{k Mto}~b ztknomý y aìoek}~ý)

M{ìnb {i` oi}~o~{moýi b zkt}bi` z`t~om{l`t }k `{~bnkibaoi` mto}~oì`,

nkdk uouot mbiebtak ` l` nbm~toi` nk }{ e{in`nbt p{k k} Gk}{mto}~b8 z{k} ïl

ao}ab aìoek}~ý z÷dlomàki~k l` Z`l`dt` nkl Z`ntk, ki kl zbnkt nkl

K}záto~{ ]ì~b)

Ib} ~tbzkwàb}, ` ukmk}, mbi “oclk}o`}‑ p{k }{ oi~ktï} ztoimoz`l tkm`k }bdtk

{ib nk k}~b} klkaki~b}7

0) Kl noiktb

4) L` zblá~om` k}~`no}~`

=) Kl mbi~tbl f{aìb

>) Lb moki~áeomb

;) Lb} aol`ctb} }bdtki`~{t`lk}

5) Lb} nbik} i`~{t`lk} y k}zoto~{`lk} zkt}bioeom`nb}3) L` eà` i`mobi`l k oi~kti`mobi`l

6) Kl zl`mkt, l` }`~o}e`mmoýi zkt}bi`l y kl nklko~k f{aìb

?) L` }{zkt`moýi nk l` zbdtkw` y ao}kto`

0:)_ b~tb}

]kt

mto}~oìboazlom` uouot

nk ̀ m{ktnb

` l`

nbm~toi` nk

Mto}~b



Ib bd}~ì~k, l` e{imoýi ztoabtno`l nk L` Oclk}o` nk Mto}~b k} ì{imo`t kl

Kuìcklob ` ~bn` mto`~{t`, }oi no}mtoaoi`mobik} nk t`w`, i`moýi, z`t~onb

zblá~omb, m{l~{t`, oi~klkm~b, kn`n, }kvb, k}~`nb mouol, k}~`nb }bmo`l, k~m))

@i{imo`t ` Mto}~b llku` mbi}ocb kl zbnkt nk L` Z`l`dt` p{k k} lodkt`t

oi~kct`laki~k ` m`n` }kt f{aìb, y f`mkt p{k }k u{klu` ` Nob} y bd~kic`

l` ]`lu`moýi)

M`n` oclk}o` nkdk }kt Mto}~bmïi~tom`, nbink }k mtk` y }k ztkcbik ` Mto}~b

mbab kl p{k }okinb Nob} }k kim`tiý y }k fowb mbab ib}b~tb}, akib} ki kl

zkm`nb, p{k }{etoý, a{toý y p{k `l ~ktmkt ná` tk}{mo~ý z`t` uon` i{ku` y

`d{inì~k8 Mto}~b nkdk }kt uo}~b mbab fbadtk uktn`nktb y Nob} uktn`nktb

ki mba{ioýi mbi kl Z`ntk mbab kl Mtk`nbt nk ~bnb lb p{k kvo}~k, y

`ct`nìnb y zonokinb l` c{á` nkl K}záto~{ ]ì~b mbab kl }ì~oeom`nbt nk

~bn` d{ki` bdt`)

Ztbykm~b nk Uon` Aoio}~kto`l

Tkm{ktnb `p{kllb} `ðb} nk ztkz`t`moýi `l Aoio}~ktob Z`}~bt`l p{k uouá, mbi

a{mfb ki~{}o`}ab zbt mokt~b, nbink ` `lc{oki }k lk bm{ttoý k}mtodot lb p{k

}ktá` {i abnklb nk uon` mba{io~`to` ki~tk aoio}~tb}8 l` eoi`lon`n nk nomfb

ztbykm~b kt` {i onk`l p{k mtkb, f`}~` kl ná` nk fby, k}~ài ~t`~ìnb nk

oazlkaki~`t m{ìnb y` fì z`}`nb aà} nk {i m{`t~b nk }oclb zbt f`mktlb

e{imobi`l) L` ztkc{i~` p{k }bdtk}`l~` ` k}~` tk`lon`n k}7 ²zbt p{ï kl }kt

f{aìb k} ~ì noeámol m{ìnb lk ~bm` ~t`d`g`t ki mba{ioýi mbi b~t`}

zkt}bi`}2, y, }bdtk~bnb, m{ìnb }bi “aoio}~t`} y aoio}~tb} nk Mto}~b‑)

@lc{oki zbt `fá f` nomfb p{k k} akgbt ~t`d`g`t mbi ìoa`lk} p{k mbi

zkt}bi`}, y zkbt }o }bi z`}~btk})

²^ì noeámol }k f` u{kl~b l` }o~{`moýi ki ~btib ` l` mba{ioýi aoio}~kto`l2!



Kl }kt f{aìb ~t`k oi~tái}kmb mbi}ocb l` `m~o~{n kcbá}~` y kiuonob}`, l`

`m~o~{n ybo}~`, nbink }blàki~k yb oazbt~b, }ýlb yb }by oazbt~ì~k y ~bnb}

nkdki cot`t ` ao `ltknknbt)

Nomk kl }`lao}~`7 Ki zkm`nb ak mbimodoý ao a`ntk))) Met) ]`lab ;:

Ztoakt b no}máz{lb} y nk}z{ï} z`}~btk}

K}~by }kc{tb, y }ï p{k {}~kn ak `zby` ki k}~b, y k} p{k ì~k} nk }kt

aoio}~t`} y aoio}~tb} nk Mto}~b, nkdkab} }kt no}máz{lb} nk Mto}~b) I b

z b n k a b } n ` t n k l b p { k i b ~ k i k a b } , nomk {i tketài zbz{l`t, y ki k}b

ib f`y kttbt, zbtp{k z`t` ki}kð`t, ztoaktb nkdkab} `ztkinkt)

M{ìnb f`dlb nk `ztkinkt, }ocioeom` p{k nkdkab} `}{aot y f`mkt i{k}~tb}

lb} z`tàak~tb} y tkcl`} p{k kl ]kðbt k}~`dlkmoý mbab lb p{k ikmk}o~`tkab}

ki kl nk}`ttbllb nkl m{azloaoki~b nk i{k}~tb ~t`d`gb z`}~bt`l)

Kl K}záto~{ ]ì~b ib u` f`mkt zb}odlk p{k nk i{k}~t` aki~k }`lc` lb p{k ib

fkab} `ztkinonb y uouonb)

L`} y lb} z`}~btk} nkdki k}ebtw`t}k zbt `ztkinkt lb p{k lk} }ktuotà z`t`

tk`low`t {i aoio}~ktob kvo~b}b)

K}~`~{~b} b tkclàki~b} nk tkc{l`moýi nk l` uon` kmlk}o`l

L` Lkco}l`moýi Kmlk}o`l ib k}~à nk}loc`n` nkl nktkmfb mouol, y ï}~k, ki

i{k}~tb z`á}, mbab ki b~tb}, k}~oz{l` p{k l`} zkt}bi`} llkcì ` }{ a`ybtá`

nk kn`n ` lb} 40 `ðb}, ì~k} nk k}k ~okazb, }k mbak~k `d{}b m{ìnb }k

oiubl{mt` ` {i akibt ki {i` tkl`moýi notkm~` b oinotkm~` }kv{`laki~k)



Nk}z{ï} nk lb} 40 `ðb}, }o l`} nb} zkt}bi`} k}~ài ki mba÷i `m{ktnb nk

ki~`dl`t {i` tkl`moýi èkm~oub}kv{`l, ib z{knk kvo}~ot `d{}b8 zktb }okaztk

}ktà, `d{}b }o k} b mbi zkt}bi`} akibtk} nk 40 `ðb}, `{ip{k }k` mbi ubl{i~`n nk l` b kl akibt, b mbi~t` l` ubl{i~`n nk zkt}bi`} a`ybtk})

Kl aì{`l zbt kvmklkimo` p{k nkdk c{o`t ` l` uon` nk l`} mba{ion`nk}

mto}~oì`} k} L` Dodlo`8 }oi kad`tcb, l` kvzktokimo` nomk p{k k} ikmk}`tob

p{k m`n` mbictkc`moýi tkn`m~k y zbic` ki ztàm~om` l`} tkcl`} y ibta`}

p{k tkc{lki kl nk}kazkðb z`}~bt`l y uon` zkt}bi`l nk lb} aokadtb}, y ki

k}zkmo`l nk l̀ } y lb} aoio}~tb}) Zbt k}b, l` oclk}o` nk Mto}~b aìkg` {i

i÷aktb nk `t~ám{lb} k oimo}b} p{k nk~ktaoiì `mmobik} e{kt` nk btnki k

oinkmbtb}`} p{k mbak~ì lb} z`}~btk}, y mbi kllb, ~àdoïi }k k}~`dlkmki l`}

}ìmobik} b z{i~b} no}mozloi`tob} ikmk}`tob})

Lb mba÷i, nk `m{ktnb ` l` ï~om` y l` abt`l, k} p{k m{`lp{okt z`}~bt p{k

f`y` }onb f`ll`nb m{lz`dlk, nk}z{ï} nk {i` toc{tb}` oiuk}~oc`moýi, nk {i`

beki}` mbi~t` l` ï~om` y l` abt`l, zbntà }kt llà`nb ` tki{imo`t nk }{}

m`tcb}, }bak~kt}k ubl{i~`toàki~k ` l` no}mozloi`, b mbab ÷l~oa`

oi}~ìmo`, }k lk oazbintà y nom~`tà }ki~kimo`, zbt kl bdo}zb b z`}~bt

ztk}onki~k, nk}z{ï} nk {i g{omob kaì`nb zbt {i ^tod{i`l Kmlk}oà}~omb

Ztbmk}`l)

U`lk l` zki` mbi}{l~`t }o kvo}~k ki i{k}~t` oclk}o` {i ~tod{i`l kmlk}oà}~omb8

}o ib lb f`y, k} ztkmo}b mtk`t {ib p{k ib} `y{nk ` }bluki~`t, ki z`t~k, l`}

ìbta`lon`nk} nk l` ï~om` y l` abt`l nk z`}~btk})

L` ]bmoblbcá` Mto}~oì` g{kc` {i z`zkl oazbt~ì~k ki k}~k `}{i~b, zbtp{k

`y{n` ` mbibmkt l` btcìow`moýi nk l`} }bmokn`nk} nbink k}~à k}~`dlkmon`

m`n` mbictkc`moýi, ~baìnb ki m{ki~` l`} ebta`} ztbzo`} nk uon`, `{ip{k

L`} K}mto~{t`} nk~ktaoiì {i abnklb ckikt`l p{k, nk `m{ktnb ` m`n`

l{c`t, u`to`tà ki ebta`}, ib nk mbi~kionb, zktb }á nk `zlom`moýi)

L` Dodlo`

k} y }kc{otà

}okinb kl

aì{`l p{k

c{ák l` uon`

nk l`}zkt}bi`} y l`}

mba{ion`nk}

mto}~oì`}



L` Dodlo` aìoeok}~` p{k ib }k nkdk nk}ztkmo`t l` no}mozloi` p{k oazbik kl

]kðbt &03/) M`dk }kð`l`t p{k m{ìnb l` b kl z`}~bt nk {i` mbictkc`moýim`k ki zkm`nb b oino}mozloi`, }k lk nkdk no}mozloi`t mbi m`ton`n, y mbab lb

aìoeok}~` Gk}÷}8 k} nkmot, ztoaktb llààinblk `z`t~k, }o ib bdknkmk,

tkztkinktlb nklì~k nk ~k}~ocb} y ki ÷l~oab oi}~ìmo` d{}mìnb b~t`}

ebta`} mbictkc`mobi`lk} y m{l~{t`lk} nk mbttkcot l` }o~{`moýi)

M`n` ná` l`} }bmokn`nk} }bi i{ku`} zbt }{} noukt}b} màdob}, zktb l`

ki}kðìw` nk Gk}÷} nkdk k}~`t mbab kl z{i~b nk tkektkimo` abt`l p{k

nk~ktaoik kl `mmobi`t nk fbadtk} y a{gktk} p{k }k nknomì, mbi ztbzo`

nkmo}oýi, ` }kt z`}~btk}, fkt`lnb} nk àbt y z`w, y no}kaoi`nbtk} nkl tkoib

nk Nob} ki~tk lb} }ktk} f{aìb})

Bg`là p{k zbnàb} màoi`t mbiebtak ` l` ubl{i~`n nk Nob}, kl n{kðb nk

l` aok})

Kn{m`moýi y ebta`moýi nk mìnon`~`} y mìnon`~b} `l z`}~bt`nb

Kl ]kðbt f` llà`nb y }oc{k llàìnb ` fbadtk} y a{gktk} z`t` p{k

mbbzktki mbi ïl ` l`dbt`t ki l` aok} p{k k} a{mf`, y nbink ~okik zbm`} y

zbmb} bdtktb}8 nk ki~tk k}k d{ki i÷aktb p{k fì }onb llà`nb}, {i

zkp{kðb i÷aktb fì }onb k}mbconb} z`t` }ktuot mbab z`}~btk}, ` p{okik}

}k lk} f` kim`tc`nb lb }oc{oki~k7

․ N`t kl `loaki~b ikmk}`tob y ` }{ ~okazb z`t` p{k l`} bukg`}

ib }k kiektaki io a{ktì nk fàdtk

․ N`t }kc{ton`n, z`t` p{k ib }kì nkubt`n`} zbt l`} eokt`}

․ Ki}kð`t kl màoib, z`t` p{k ib kv~tùáki l` t{~` p{k

mbin{mk ` }{ fbc`t, y



․ N`t àioab y ki~{}o`}ab z`t` ztb}kc{ot l` t{~` p{k lk} llku` `

l` mbi}{a`moýi nk l` nomf`

L` }bmokn`n ki }{} mbiu{l}obik} k}~à no}~bt}obiìnb lb} mbimkz~b} dádlomb}

ki ~btib ` l` eàolo` mbab i÷mlkb e{inàki~`l, nbink }k z{knk uouot kl

àbt nk Nob})

]k nomk p{k l` eàolo` k} kl }bzbt~k nk l` }bmokn`n, y p{k }bzbt~` kl ~to{ieb

nk l` }bmokn`n8 y k}b ib nkg` nk }kt mokt~b, zktb l` }bmokn`n y` k}~`dlkmon`,

}okinb ki`gki`n` zbt ztoimozob} nk uoblkimo` y a{kt~k k}~à mbttbazokinb `l`} eàolo`}, y mbi kllb }k llku` nk kim{ki~tb ` m`n` aokadtb nk ï}~`)

Zbt k}b, k}~àb} “mb}kmfìnb‑ }ktk} f{aìb} }oi èkm~b, tk}zk~b, y

mbbzkt`moýi f`mo` lb} nkaà}8 y kllb ib nkg` nk èkm~`t ` “`p{kll`} y

`p{kllb} p{k Nob} f` k}mbconb‑8 k}~b} }ktk} f{aìb} ~t`ki mbi}ocb7

ottk}zk~b, kiuono`}, tkimbtk}, nk}lk`l~`nk}, fozbmtk}á`}, y b~tb}, p{k uokiki

` m`{}`t, ki l`} mbictkc`mobik}, m`b} b nk}btnki oiekti`l)

L` Oclk}o` nk Mto}~b nkdk `}kc{t`t}k p{k lb} oinouon{b} p{k k}~à `mkz~ìnb

z`t` p{k c{ák `l z{kdlb nk Nob} }kì }ktk} “ibta`lk}‑, y p{k ki }{}

mbt`wbik} ib tkoiì l`} ~oiokdl`} 8 `nkaà}, nkdk ztbzbtmobi`t ib

}blàki~k {i` kn{m`moýi ~kblýcombz`}~bt`l, }oib ~àdoïi {i` ebta`moýi

b tkkn{m`moýi nk u`lbtk} f{aìb} y, zbt kink, mto}~oìb}, lb} p{k ki k}~k

~okazb }bi ~ì ikmk}`tob})

M`n` }kaoi`tob nk ebta`moýi ~kblýcom` nkdk m{on`t nk }klkmmobi`t

aoi{mob}àki~k l`} a{gktk} y fbadtk} p{k, ki lb m`dk nkmot, }ktài z{i~b}

nk mtkmoaoki~b k}zoto~{`l y f{aìb ki l`} mbictkc`mobik} ` kll`} b kllb}

`}oci`n`})

L` }bmokn`n

k}~à

mb}kmfìnb

}ktk}

f{aìb} }oi

èkm~b y

tk}zk~b,

y `lc{i`} nk

k}`} zkt}bi`}

}bi lb}z`}~btk},

p{okik}

`tt`}~tì

mbi}ocb

kiuono`},

fozbmtk}á`} y

b~tb}

Ib }k nkdk

mbttkt ki l`

klkmmoýi nk

mìnon`~b}

`l

z`}~bt`nb



Ib }k nkdk mbttkt ki l` klkmmoýi nk l`} b lb} mìnon`~b}, `l aoio}~ktob

btnki`nb, g{}~oeomìnb k}k oaz{l}b mbab ikmk}`tob z`t` “m{dtot

ikmk}on`nk} z`}~bt`lk}‑, m{ìnb ki tk`lon`n lb p{k }k f`mk k} m`tc`t aà},ki lb abt`l, k}zoto~{`l, z}omblýcomb, }bmo`l, m{l~{t`l, y nkaà} àtk`}, `

mba{ion`nk} p{k k}zktì l odkt`moýi y ib aà} zt bdlka`} )

Kl }kt f{aìb ib k} zktekm~b, zktb z{knk m`n` ná`

akgbt`t

L` Dodlo` ki}kð` p{k i`nok f{aìb k} zktekm~b) I`nok f` llkc`nb ` }kt`n{l~b a`n{tb, }blàki~k Mto}~b k} kl }kt f{aìb zktekm~b p{k ib mbibmoý

kl zkm`nb)

Nk}nk p{k kt` {i `nblk}mki~k oictk}ï ki l`} eol`} nk lb} ebtaìnb} `l

z`}~bt`nb8 `fá ak no m{ki~` p{k lb} z`}~btk} ~okiki nkekm~b} y zkm`nb}, lb

p{k ì~k} ib lb mtká`8 zktb ib, l`} y lb} z`}~btk} }bi }ktk} f{aìb} mbi

uot~{nk}, zktb ~àdoïi mbi nkekm~b} y zkm`nb}) Tkuo}ìnb l`} noektki~k}zkt}bi`lon`nk} nk lb} z`}~btk} p{k fk mbibmonb, fk uo}~b ki u`tob} nk kllb}7

nk}kb nk}aknonb nk noiktb, `n{l~ktob, ebtiom`moýi, fbab}kv{`lon`n,

fàdo~b nk e{a`t, dbtt`mfkt`} b fàdo~b nk dkdkt mktukw`, d{}m`nbtk} nk

eà` y zbnkt y b~tb}8 }oi kad`tcb, m`n` {ib nk kllb} ~okik uot~{nk} p{k

b~t`} zkt}bi`} `naotì8 nk m{`lp{okt aìkt` kvo}~ki l`} y lb} z`}~btk} p{k

~okiki zkm`nb} y nkekm~b}, zktb p{k }{} uon`} k}~ài oimloi`n`} ` }ktuot `l

]kðbt nk }kðbtk}, y zktaìki~kaki~k }k k}e{ktwì ki }kt akgbtk})

@÷i mbi lb nomfb }bdtk l` oazktekmmoýi nkl }kt f{aìb, ib} kimbi~tàb}

mbi z`}~bt`} y z`}~btk} p{k p{oktki n`t l` `z`tokimo` p{k ib ikmk}o~ì

`lcb nk `lc{oki, }oib p{k lb p{k }`dki, k} lb }{eomoki~k8 mtkki }kt lb} aà}

oi~klocki~k} y p{k i`nok nkdk mbi~t`nkmotlk}) L`}~oab}àki~k, }k nk}m{dtk

nk~tà} nk k}` `z`tki~k }kc{ton`n {i ctìnk y ztbi{imo`nb mbazlkgb nk

oiektobton`n, tkuk}~onb nk mbazlkgb nk }{zktobton`n) Lb p{k ki tk`lon`n



MBIML[]OÝI

L`} y lb} z`}~btk}, }bi zkt}bi`} p{k Nob} llàý y k}mbcoý z`t` `loaki~`t,

m{on`t, ztb~kckt y c{o`t ` l` ctky `}oci`n`)

L` oclk}o` mbab oi}~o~{moýi, f` mbak~onb a{mfb} `d{}b} z`}~bt`lk} ki kl

nk}`ttbllb nk }{ l`dbt8 fkab} zki}`nb y tkelkvobi`nb }bdtk `lc{ib}

`mbi~kmoaoki~b} p{k nkg`tbi f{kll`} y }km{kl`} à`tc`} ki l` aki~k y ki

kl mbt`wýi nk l`} uám~oa`} y }{} nk}mkinkimo`})

F`y z`}~bt`} y z`}~btk} p{k ki ukw nk `y{n`t ` l` bdt` nk Mto}~b, k}~ài

mbttokinb y f`mokinb p{k a{mf` cki~k }k u`y` nk l`} oclk}o`}, y ki kl

÷l~oab nk lb} a`lk}, p{k tkiokc{ki y nk~k}~ki ` Nob}) F`dlb

k}zkmáeomàki~k nk l`} uám~oa`} nk `~tbmon`nk} nk a{gktk} { fbadtk} p{k

`mbdogàinb}k d`gb {i` dìnkt` nk aoio}~tb nk Mto}~b, `d{}ý }kv{`laki~k

nk ioð`} y ioðb}, { b~t`} }o~{`mobik} z`tkmon`})

L` oclk}o` nkdk kietki~`t mbi u`lki~á` y {~olowìnb lb} aknob} ikmk}`tob}

p{k `y{nki ` ktt`nom`t l`} nkebta`mobik} z`}~bt`lk}) L` cki~k nkdk

mbibmkt lb} aì{`lk} nk Abt`l y Ï~om` z`}~bt`l nk l`} oclk}o`} y l`}

}ìmobik} ì~k `d{}b})

K} oazbt~ì~k p{k lb} }kaoi`tob} k oi}~o~{~b} nk ebta`moýi z`t` z`}~btk}

~kicì, `nkaà} nk kn{m`moýi ~kblýcom`, {i` cki{oi` y dádlom` ebta`moýi y tkkn{m`moýi nk u`lbtk})

Zknoab} `l ]kðbt Nob} ^bnbzbnktb}b, p{k `y{nk ` i{k}~t`}mbictkc`mobik} ` ~kikt y m{on`t ` l`} y lb} z`}~btk} p{k mbi a{mfb kazkðb

y nk}kb, `nkaà} nk bdknokimo` `l ]kðbt, }otuki y ~t`d`gì mbi a{mfbàbt)



MO^@] DODLOBCTÀEOM@]

&0/ I÷ðkw, Kaolob @), Nk}èáb} Z`}~bt`lk}, Kno~bto`l Zbt~ùbw,Mblbado`, 0??6 &;/ Zàc) 3=

&4/ MKL@A, L` Dodlo` nk K}~{nob Nob} F`dl` Fby, ]bmokn`nk} Dádlom`}

[ion`}, 0??>&=/

&=/ Nùon y Uì Zbinktki, Gkee, Kl Zbnkt ]{~ol nkl @d{}b K}zoto~{`l,

Kno~bto`l [iolo~, Mblbado`, 0??;, z) 44

&>/ MKL@A, L` Dodlo` nk K}~{nob Nob} F`dl` Fby B), M), Me) Cïi) 0;

&;/ Cbiwàlkw, G{}~b, Fo}~bto` nkl Mto}~oìo}ab, Kno~bto`l [iolo~,

Mblbado`, 0??>, ^bab O, Zz) 0=:0=3

&5/ S`l~kt, Sollo}~bi, Fo}~bto` nk l` Oclk}o` Mto}~oì`, M`}` I`w`tki`

nk Z{dlom`mobik}, []@, 0?3: Me) zz) 4=64>;

&3/ Cbiwàlkw, G{}~b, B), M), Me) zz) =33=?;

&6/ Gkì, Z`t` lkkt L` Fo}~bto` nk l` Oclk}o`, Kno~bto`l Uktdb Nouoib,

K}z`ð`, 0?65 & 4/ Me) Z) 05=

&?/ Cbiwàlkw, G{}~b, B), M), z) =6:

&0:/ Odán)

&00/ I÷ðkw, Kaolob @), B), M), z) 3>

&04/ MKL@A, B), M), A`tmb} 0:7>4, >=

&0=/ I÷ðkw, Kaolob @), B), M), z) 66

&0>/ MKL@A, B), M), & Kwkp{okl =>7 4>/ z) 0:36

&0;/ Odán, z) 0600

&05/ Odán)), B), M), z) 06>:

&03/ Odán), Me) = G{ì 4 z)0634&06/ Nk zbm` ztkz`t`moýi

&4:/ MKL@A, B), M), Me) O Mbtoi~ob} 047 0444

DODLOBCT@EÁ@

0) @loìw` Kuìcïlom` K}z`ðbl`, Dodlob~km` nk ^kblbcá` y Z}omblbcá`



Z`}~bt`l, Kno~bto`l MLOK, D`tmklbi`, K}z`ð`, 0??= , Ubl÷akik} O y OO

4) D@M, Mýnocb nk Nktkmfb Mìýiomb, Kno~bto`l M`~ýlom`, ])@), A`nton,K}z`ð`, 0?6=&?/

=) D`l~bnìb, ]`t`, Z}omblbcá`, Z`}~bt`l y Zbdtkw`, Z{dlom`mobik} [DL,

Mb}~` Tom`, 4::=

>) MKL@A, L` Dodlo` nk K}~{nob Nob} F`dl` Fby, ]bmokn`nk} Dádlom`}

[ion`}, Dt`}ol, 0??> &=/

;) Mbady, Gkì, Z`t` lkkt L` Fo}~bto` nk l` Oclk}o`, Kno~bto`l Uktdb

Nouoib, K}z`ð`, 0?65 & 4/

5) Nbd}bi, Kn, Kl Eoi, Kno~bto`l Zbt~ùbw, []@, 0??? &;/

3) E{aktb, K) A`tob, L` ]ìon`n Kabmobi`l, Kno~bto`l [iolo~, Mblbado`,

0??;

6) Cbiwàlkw, G{}~b, Fo}~bto` nkl Mto}~oìo}ab, Kno~bto`l [iolo~, Mblbado`,

0??>, ^bab O

?) Gbi}bi, Nùon y Uì Zbinktki, Gkee, Kl Zbnkt ]{~ol nkl @d{}b

K}zoto~{`l, Kno~bto`l [iolo~, Mblbado`, 0??;

0:) L`m{kl`, Etìmo}mb, K~om` Mto}~oì`, Kno~bto`l MLOK, K}z`ð`, 0?6?

00) I÷ðkw, Kaolob, Nk}èáb} Z`}~bt`lk}, Kno~bto`l Zbt~ùbw, Mblbado`,

0??6

04)Zblo}mf{h, Z`dlb, Kl Mbi}kgb ^kt`zï{~omb, Kno~bto`l MLOK, K}z`ð`, 0??;



0=)]~à`~k`}, Dkti`tnb, @mbi}kgàoki~b Z`}~bt`l, Kno~bto`l MLOK,

K}z`ð`, 0??;

0>)Abt~oakt C{oldkt~, Mf`tlk}, , Lodtb nk Bt`moýi Mba÷i, ^fk Mf{tmf

Zki}obi E{in, Iks _bth, 0?6?

0;)S`l~kt, Sollo}~bi, Fo}~bto` nk l` Oclk}o` Mto}~oì`, M`}` I`w`tki` nk

Z{dlom`mobik}, []@, 0?3:

Pastores en America Latina

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