Pastoralist and Development Eritrean Map. Background and Context Analysis, 1/3 of the Eritrea...
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Transcript of Pastoralist and Development Eritrean Map. Background and Context Analysis, 1/3 of the Eritrea...
Pastoralist and Development
Eritrean Map
Background and Context Analysis,
• 1/3 of the Eritrea populations are estimated to be pastoralists. • The Eastern and Western arid and semi arid Lowlands are highly
dominated by pastoralists. • Pastoralists adapted itself to the fragile and drought prone
ecosystems. • The Italian and British colonies did none either on serving or on
ruling the pastoralists and their lands.• During the Eritrean struggle for independence (1961-1991) the
pastoralist were highly affected by war detergence. • The Recent Ethio-Eritrean border war cause:-• more pastoralist displacement, • makes cross boards herding impossible, • left over 1,000,000 mines in grazing lands • Created flow of deportees to fertile lands.
Pastoralists in Action
Pastoralists in Action
Pastoralists in Action
Pastoralists in Action
Pastoralists in Action
The Development and rehabilitation programs,
• Eritrea on rehabilitation and development process• The development programs focus on education, health,
infrastructure and food security • Rehabilitation was mainly on Communities Developments as:-• Army demobilizations, • Returnee's resettlement,• Pastoralists, resettlement to fixed villages • Developments agencies defused resources on the programs. • These enable the government to expand programs. • As a result the education services growth by 215% and the health
services grow in almost similar rate. • Mechanization introduced in the farming system• Demobilization and resettlement process accelerated.
Development and Rehabilitation
Development and Rehabilitation
Development and Rehabilitation
Development and Rehabilitation
Development and Rehabilitation approaches
The development approaches. 1. Supporting ( E.g. food aid,).2. Guiding ( pre-request for support. E.g. Re-
structural adjustment)3. Ruling/ Ordering (E.g. pastoralist
resettlements).4. Following (supporting on going activities.)5. Enabling ( responding to community needs) 6. Stimuli (provoking community to act positively
as a result of consciousness raising
Participation,
Participation categories,
1. Physical participation (attending meetings, listing to orders)2. Beneficiary participation ( Eg, food aid, food for work,)3. Technical participation ( gaining skills, Eg. Vocational training, 4. Behavioral participation is a meaning full participation by heart,
head and feet's. This could be attained by :-• Provoking the community/ individual to stimuli/respond• Integrate in the community cultural practices believes and altitudes.• Teaching real skills as vocational skills, information technology.• Attracting the community to adapt your skill
Impact of the programs and reaction
Farming expansions and Resettlementcreated a huge computation on resources sharing.
These cause loose of:- • Grazing land, • Forest trees, • Pasture• Water• Wield life • Herding skills
Reflection
• The palm tree lives serve people and livestock. However the orange fruits are only for rich people… ( Mussa Ali )
Reflection• Trees are against development. We are
spending huge money on clearing land Co,farmers group)
Reflection
• Farmers need the land for three months only but we need it for ever.“
Reflection
• “we are loosing the most useful animal food and land protection due to land clearing.”
Reflection• Cutting trees and bush will lead us to
poverty.“
Reflection• We loose our source of income and
shades in addition to livestock production.
Reflection• Development could only happen if people
come together and settle for getting smooth services.
The challenge1. How should states address the
challenges of resource sharing ?
Development stories
• Organizations for developments
A forum for pastoral development & advocacy ( enabling approach)
A group for farming & livelihood support. (stimuli approach)
Differences and similarity
• Expect guidance and funds,
• Government consider them beneficiaries.
• Action need consultation support and take time.
•Expect benefits from their own effort.•Government appreciates and supports them. •Take action when every they feel it important
Differences and similarity
•Ask for support and feel as stockholders.•Communication needs arrangements and takes time.•Clarity of role needs some work and discussions.
•Feel full ownership and responsibility. •Ready to make any possible decision.•Communication is fast, smooth and to the level of the people. •Clear roles
Differences and similarity
• e•Focus on capacity building.•Collaborate and suggested plans/ activities•Needs management cost.•Reluctant to invest
•Focus on production.•Administer all plans/ activities•Very limit management cost•Committed to Investment
What would be the future of pastoralist?
• Should they change? Adopt? Or reject Development programs?
Could Development programs adjusted to Pastoralists life?
• Capacity building without the existing traditional institutions foundation is like directionless swimming.
Do pastoralists own foundation for development?
• Building approaches based on the traditional practies & production system could ensure adaptability, duplication and sustainability. Eg the Tigre Reb'at.
•
Integrating pastoral life and Development
• Behavioral participation could only be created by internal reflection/ filling, belong ness and relating things to real life. And these should come to pastoralist from their own practices.
Development is open to all.• We could have verities of development
possibilities in different cultural context. But when we are asked to live our style and adjust to new style, it could be difficult.
Please come and enjoy fresh swimming in the read sea.
• Thank you for your attention,